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Chapter 24 Answers PDF
Chapter 24 Answers PDF
MULTIPLE CHOICE
3. The Catholic church dramatically pushed the sale of indulgences in the sixteenth century
because of the
a. need to match the resurgence of the Byzantine empire.
b. threat posed by Islam.
c. need for Henry VIII to pay off the national debt.
d. expense associated with translating original Greek classics.
e. need to raise funds for the construction of St. Peter’s basilica.
Answer: e
Page: 493
4. Who said, “I cannot and will not recant anything, for it is neither safe nor right to act against
one’s conscience. Here I stand. I can do no other”?
a. Martin Luther
b. Jesus
c. John Calvin
d. Sima Qian
e. Henry VIII
Answer: a
Page: 493
6. The event that inspired Henry VIII to confront the pope was
a. Henry’s frustration with the pope’s inability to bring about church reform.
b. Henry’s desire to gain a divorce.
c. Henry’s desire to unify all of Europe for a new round of crusades.
d. Henry’s belief that the pope was secretly backing the French in the latest war.
e. a new English translation of the Bible.
Answer: b
Page: 495
8. The city that stood as John Calvin’s model Protestant community was
a. Avignon.
b. Paris.
c. Geneva.
d. Wittenberg.
e. London.
Answer: c
Page: 495
9. Which one of the following was NOT one of the pillars of the Catholic Reformation?
a. the philosophy of St. Thomas Aquinas
b. the Council of Trent
c. the Society of Jesus
d. the efforts of St. Ignatius Loyola
e. the religious fervor of the Renaissance popes
Answer: e
Page: 495-496
10. The council that helped define and advance the Catholic Reformation took place in
a. Trent.
b. Pisa.
c. Wittenberg.
d. Rome.
e. Milan.
Answer: a
Page: 496
13. The explosion of witch-hunting in the sixteenth century was most probably caused by
a. a dramatic increase in the practice of demonology.
b. the publication of Copernicus’s theories.
c. the conquest of Spain by Islamic forces.
d. tensions between Catholics and Protestants.
e. the fear caused by the prominent role that women were increasingly playing in the Catholic
church.
Answer: d
Page: 496-497
15. The Spanish leader who sent an armada against England in 1588 was
a. Philip II.
b. Don Juan.
c. Fernando.
d. Charles V.
e. Dom Henrique.
Answer: a
Page: 497
16. The leader of England during the attempted invasion of the Spanish Armada was
a. Henry VIII.
b. Charles II.
c. Mary I.
d. James II.
e. Elizabeth I.
Answer: e
Page: 497
17. The most destructive European conflict before the twentieth century was
a. the Thirty Years’ War.
b. the Seven Years’ War.
c. the Hundred Years’ War.
d. the Franco-Prussian War.
e. the War of the Spanish Succession.
Answer: a
Page: 497
19. Which of the following factors was NOT one of the reasons for Charles V’s failure to build a
centralized, sovereign state in the Holy Roman Empire?
a. frequent invasions by England
b. internal religious tensions between Protestants and Catholics
c. external pressure from the French
d. German nobles who refused to bend to Charles’s will
e. external pressure from the Ottomans
Answer: a
Page: 498-500
21. Which of the following states developed constitutional governments in the seventeenth
century?
a. England and France
b. Spain and the Netherlands
c. Russia and Italy
d. the Netherlands and France
e. England and the Netherlands
Answer: e
Page: 501
22. The English civil war ended with the trial and decapitation of
a. James I.
b. Charles I.
c. Elizabeth I.
d. James II.
e. Charles II.
Answer: b
Page: 502
24. The individual associated with the phrase “l’état, c’est moi” was
a. Charles V.
b. Philip II.
c. Cardinal Richelieu.
d. Charles I.
e. Louis XIV.
Answer: e
Page: 503
25. Which of the following was not one of the policies pursued by Louis XIV?
a. the maintenance of a huge standing army
b. an attempt to make the nobles an active part of the government
c. use of the more dependable middle class as officials
d. the creation of the palace at Versailles
e. the promotion of economic development
Answer: b
Page: 503-504
27. Catherine the Great’s attempts at reform in Russia were essentially ended by
a. the Great Northern War.
b. the “Time of Troubles.”
c. the English civil war.
d. Pugachev’s rebellion.
e. the Old Beliefs schism.
Answer: d
Page: 505-506
28. The most important consequence of the Peace of Westphalia was in
a. laying the foundation for English control of most of the world.
b. combining the Spanish and French thrones.
c. promoting the notion that the European nations viewed each other as sovereign and equal.
d. ending the carnage of the Seven Years’ War.
e. establishing an Anglo-French alliance that would last until World War I.
Answer: c
Page: 506-507
29. Which of the following conflicts is the largest war to unfold in the wake of the Peace of
Westphalia?
a. the English civil war
b. the Thirty Years’ War
c. the Hundred Years’ War
d. the Seven Years’ War
e. the Glorious Revolution
Answer: d
Page: 506
32. The system by which unfinished materials were delivered to rural households for production
was known as the
a. guild system.
b. joint-stock company system.
c. union system.
d. putting-out system.
e. countryside system.
Answer: d
Page: 511
36. That planetary orbits are elliptical, not circular, was demonstrated by
a. Galileo.
b. Voltaire.
c. Newton.
d. Kepler.
e. Descartes.
Answer: d
Page: 515
TRUE/FALSE
39. Martin Luther’s cause benefited greatly from the printing press, as a sizeable literate public
eagerly consumed printed works on religious and secular themes.
Answer: True
Page: 495
40. Several princes of the Holy Roman Empire warmed to Luther’s views, partly because of
personal conviction but partly because of the opportunity for them to build a power base.
Answer: True
Page: 495
41. The Society of Jesus, the Jesuits, received instruction in theology, philosophy, and the
classics, and became effective missionaries.
Answer: True
Page: 496
42. Charles V did not build an administrative structure for his empire but, instead, ruled each of
his lands according to its own laws and customs.
Answer: True
Page: 499
43. During the seventeenth century, England and the Netherlands evolved governments that
claimed limited powers and recognized rights of individuals and representative institutions.
Answer: True
Page: 501
44. King Louis XIII of France was known as le roi soleil, “the sun king.”
Answer: False
Page: 503
45. The most important of the Romanov tsars of Russia was Catherine II. She is credited with the
process of transforming Russia into a modern state.
Answer: False
Page: 505
46. European states ended the Thirty Years’ War in 1648 with the Peace of Westphalia, which
laid the foundation for a system of independent, competing states.
Answer: True
Page: 506
47. Frequent wars and balance-of-power diplomacy increased the resources of European states
and strengthened society as a whole.
Answer: False
Page: 506-507
48. Merchants were influential in the affairs of the English and Dutch states; these lands adopted
policies that were most favorable to capitalist enterprises.
Answer: True
Page: 510
ESSAY
49. Examine the centralizing efforts in countries like France, Spain, and England. How and in
what ways were they successful? Why was the Holy Roman Empire not as successful as
other European states in centralizing power?
50. Look at Map 23.1, Sixteenth-century Europe. Why did Europe divide into a collection of
sovereign states and not attain the level of the greater empires that occurred in China, India,
and the Islamic lands? Why didn’t the Holy Roman Empire reach the level of power and
grandeur that its name implied? What were the consequences of this competition?
51. Discuss the developments and differences between constitutional states and absolute
monarchies. Which of these governmental forms would have the greatest long-term
influence?
52. Examine the idea behind the balance of power. How did this concept play itself out in
Europe? How was this balance of power different from the political patterns in the rest of the
world?
53. Examine the wars in early modern Europe. What caused most of these conflicts? What were
the results of these confrontations? Who won and who lost?
54. Examine the career of Martin Luther. What were the foundations of his Reformation? What
legacy did he leave Europe? Why did earlier reformers not have the same impact?
55. Examine the European witch hunts of the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries. What factors
led to this movement? What were the results?
56. Examine the rise of capitalist thought and practice. What factors led to this rise?
57. Examine the leading thinkers of the scientific revolution. Why were the early discoveries of
the scientific revolution met with such resistance? In what ways did these discoveries destroy
an old worldview and create a new one? How did their ideas influence the Enlightenment?
58. What were the foundations of the Enlightenment? Could there be a disadvantage to the
Enlightenment emphasis on reason? What, if anything, was missing from this new
intellectual universe?
59. Was there a political side to the sixteenth-century reformation movements? How did it relate
to the religious issues?
60. Examine Map 23.2, Europe after the Peace of Westphalia, 1648. How does it compare to
Map 23.1? What were the long-term implications of the Peace of Westphalia?
62. Examine the philosophy of Adam Smith in An Inquiry into the Nature and Causes of the
Wealth of Nations, excerpted in the text (see Textbook: Sources from the Past: Adam Smith
on the Capitalist Market). Is it typical of the thinkers of the Enlightenment? What is the heart
of his philosophy? How influential was Smith’s thought? Why was it so revolutionary?
63. By the end of the sixteenth century, which European countries had become Protestant and
which had remained Catholic?
64. What are some the reasons suggested for the widespread persecution of suspected witches in
the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries?
65. Why was Charles V, despite such vast holdings, unable to establish a durable empire? What
forces worked against such an empire in the sixteenth century?
66. How did European monarchs increase their power in the early modern era? What are some of
the common characteristics of the new monarchs?
67. What is the fundamental difference between absolute monarchy and a constitutional
government?
68. What factors encouraged the evolution of a constitutional government in England and the
Netherlands?
69. How did Louis XIV maintain control over the nobles of France? What were some of the
structures of absolutism during his reign?
70. What aspects of European culture did Peter I seek to graft onto Russian society? What
aspects did he reject?
71. What factors led to the dramatic population growth of Europe between 1500 and 1700?
72. What are the characteristics of capitalism in the early modern age? What financial
innovations supported the growth of capitalism in Europe?
73. What are some of the social changes that resulted from the growth of capitalism? What
groups would have been most threatened by or resistant to these changes?
74. Three great minds collaborated to shatter the ancient Ptolemaic view of the universe. Note
the contributions of Copernicus, Kepler, and Galileo. Who do you think made the most
significant contribution? Who took the greatest risk?
75. In what ways can it be said that “Isaac Newton symbolized the scientific revolution”? What
was his role in the Enlightenment?
76. What were the principle concerns of the philosophes of the Enlightenment? What solution
did they propose?