Theories of the Origin

and Histories of the

Universe
Theories of The Origin of the Universe:
Introduction
In this presentation I decided to pick two different theories of the origin
of the universe. There are plenty of other theories but for this presentation, I
just decided to pick the ones that I found the most compelling. I have always
been drawn to the different theories of the origins of the universe, and
thought this would be the perfect time to review them. Here I decided to
introduce each theory and explain it through the eyes of its believers and then
describe the evidences for it, then the limitations that exist within the theory.
At the end I will compare and contrast the two theories. Thanks for reading!
Enjoy!
 Big Bang Theory: Introduction
The Big Bang Theory is the most widely scientifically supported origin of the
universe. The Big Bang theory was first proposed by Georges Lemaitre a Catholic
priest and cosmologist. The Big Bang theory is theorized to have occured
approximately 13.8 billion years ago. At a young age the universe was supposedly a
peach size at about 10^-36 seconds old, any time before that, the information
begins to get fuzzy, we can’t pin down an exact before to the “peach epoch”. The
gravity, density, forces, temperature, and energy were all so strong and in such
small capacity that the universe inflated all at once extremely quickly. As it quickly
cools and settles the universe is still rapidly spreading. 300,000 years in advance
atoms begin to form. 100 million years after the universe began its expansion stars
and galaxies began to form. When the first stars began to die heavy elements were
released into the universe and helped to create planets, which brings us to the
present day.
 Big Bang Theory: Evidence
1. Expansion of the Universe - To this day we can see the galaxies and stars
are expanding farther away from each other. We are still living through
the result of the initial expansion from the Big Bang Theory. The way
that we can tell the universe is still expanding is through something
called redshift. A more red shifted spectrum of a galaxy would show that
that a galaxy is moving away from us because the light is being stretched.
2. Microwave Background - Early in the universes
lifespan it was very hot, as it expanded this glow was
left behind from the Big Bang and appears as
microwaves.
3. Mixture of Elements - As the universe expanded
and cooled down some of the elements seen today
were created. The Big Bang theory also predicted how
much each of those elements would be created, and
the predictions were extremely accurate.
Big Bang Theory: Limitations
1. Flat Universe - A probe that was launched by NASA showed that the
universe is nearly flat, but the Big Bang proposes that curvature also
grows with time. If the Big Bang theory were true there would have to be
some coincidences, that would have caused a flattened universe later in
its lifespan.
2. Horizons of the Universe - The horizons on opposite sides of the
universe are spread so widely apart that their distance in light years
according to the rate of expansion of the universe is farther that 13.8
billion years, so the 13.8 billion years wouldn’t account for the distance
of the opposite sides of the universe.
3. Magnetic Monopoles - The big Bang theory predicts that there are a
large number of these heavy magnetic monopoles, but none have yet
been observed in nature. This either makes them non-existent or rare.
Black Hole Birth: Introduction
The Black Hole Birth theory states that our universe as we know it is
what is on the other side of the event horizon of a black hole. This would mean
that the other side of this black hole is supposedly another universe. The
opposite of a black hole is a white whole, which would take the matter that the
black hole has absorbed and spew it out on the other side. A white hole is
theorized to be a the other side of a collapsing star, which would consist of
heavy elements and other particles that would aid in the creation of another
universe over time, while also sucking up the things in it’s path and gaining
mass. It would likely be a small universe in the beginning but would not be
impossible for it to expand to the size of our universe as we know it today.
Black Hole Birth: Evidences
1. Closed Model - There are three predicted models of the universe, open,
closed, and flat. If our universe lies within another it is likely that our
universe is closed. If the universe is closed, this would mean traveling
through it would be like walking on Earth. If you walk for long enough
you end up where you started. There would be a way to test this theory
by mapping stars and being able to see the light from the same star on
the other side of the sky, but if the universe is truly as large as we think
the star might not have had time to do that.
2. Rotation of Parent Black Hole - Evidence says that black holes have a
rotation, if our universe was created from another black hole the
chances are that this would be the preferred direction of rotation of
celestial bodies inside of our universe.
Black Hole Birth: Limitations
1. Little Knowledge of Black Holes - While scientists can make predictions
about black holes and their laws, we have never been near one or been
able observe its properties. On April 10th of 2019 is when the first photo
of a black hole has ever been captured. We know very little of what black
holes are capable of let alone what is on the other side of them. This
theory has little evidence and is extremely hard to prove.
2. Expansion - There is little evidence that what is on the other side of a
black hole has the ability to expand. This would have to men that there
was a “white hole” on the other side of a black hole that spews out matter
that is collected, and that black holes gain mass rather than lose it, both
of these are stretches in the theories that we already have about black
holes.
Theory Comparison: Models
Big Bang Theory Black Hole Birth Theory
 Theory Comparison: Ideas
Big Bang Theory
-The Big Bang Theory is one
of the most widely accepted
theories of the origin of the
universe.
-Many evidences of the Big
Bang Theory exist with only
few complications.
- The Big Bang theory has
enough evidence to be apart
of curriculum in education
systems.
Similarities
-Neither have yet to be
completely proven as factual.
- Both have points limitations
and flaws in their theories.
- Both are some evidence but
mostly specultaion.
Black Hole Birth Theory
-The Black Hole Birth Theory
is a reach but isn’t an
impossibility. Less widely
supported, and not in any
education systems.
-This theory is based off of
many other predictions that
have yet to be proven as well.
It also plans tests for this
theory a long time into the
future because some of them
can’t be tested at this point.
Conclusion
Both of the theories are so cool! What is so cool too me is that there are
no theories about the origin of the universe that have been completely proven
which make the possibilities endless. There are so many other cool theories,
some of them being a little eery and conspiracy like. They were all so fun to
read about. I’m excited to keep learning more about these theories and the
many more that I came across. Thanks for reading through and learning more
about space with me!
Bibliography:
https://www.schoolsobservatory.org/learn/astro/cosmos

https://www.space.com/8293-universe-born-black-hole-theory.html

https://www.esa.int/Science_Exploration/Space_Science/What_is_red_shift#:~:text='Red%20shift'%20is%20a%
20key,moves%20relative%20to%20an%20observer

https://wmap.gsfc.nasa.gov/universe/bb_cosmo_infl.html

https://www.space.com/31192-what-triggered-the-big-bang.html

https://map.gsfc.nasa.gov/