QUESTIONS CHOICES ANSWER AND JUSTIFICATION SOURCE

A.) To prevent hydrolysis by renal A.) To prevent hydrolysis by renal

dehydropeptidase dehydropeptidase. Imipenem is
A doctor has referred to you a case of a B.) To prevent toxicity inactivated by dehydropeptidases in the
serious bacterial infection leading to sepsis. renal tubules, resulting in low urinary
You find out that the bacteria is already C.) To decrease side effects concentrations. Cilastastin is an
resistant to most of the available drugs. You D.) To prevent seizures inhibitor of renal dehydropeptidase and
then administer Imipenem but your colleague is thus administered together with
advised you to add cilastatin. Why is this so? E.) To induce CYP450 Imipenem. Katzung
A.) Insulin lispro
A 55-year-old man goes to the doctor for his B.) Insulin glargine
annual check-up. Upon confirming the C.) Insulin aspart
diagnosis of diabetes, the doctor wants to B.) Insulin glargine is a long-acting
prescribe a short-acting insulin. Which of the D.) Insulin glulisine insulin. All the others are short-acting
following is NOT one of them? E.) Apidra insulins. Apidra is also insulin glulisine. Katzung
A.) Spironolactone A.) Spironolactone. It is an aldosterone
A long-time hypertensive patient comes to you B.) Furosemide antagonist. Furosemide and
for his monthly check-up. He tells you that he Hydrochlorothiazide can cause
doesn't feel okay. You check for his labs and C.) Hydrochlorothiazide HYPOkalemia. Dorapenem and Acyclovir
find out that he has hyperkalemia. Which of D.) Dorapenem are not antihypertensive agents
the following hypertensive drugs is the most (Dorapenem is an antimocrobial and
likely cause? E.) Acyclovir Acyclovir is an antiviral) Katzung
A.) Atropine
D.) Edrophonium. It will increase muscle
B.) Neostigmine strength in untreated myasthenic
C.) Bethanechol patients, and is also the preferred Board Review
acetylcholinesterase inhibitor (Tensilon Series (BRS)
Which of the following drugs is used to D.) Edrophonium test) because it has a short duration of Pharmacology
diagnose myasthenia gravis? E.) Pralidoxime action. 6th Ed.
A.) Bupivacaine E.) Tetracine. Is a long-duration ester
B.) Cocaine local anesthetic. Bupivacaine (A.) is a
A 33-year-old woman goes to the physician long-duration amide. Cocaine (B.) is a
for a minor outpatient procedure. The C.) Lidocaine medium-durartion ester and an uptake
physician wants to use a long-duration ester D.) Procaine blocker. Lidocaine (C.) is a medium-
for a local anesthetic. Which of the following duration amide and antiarrhythmic.
agents should be used? E.) Tetracine Procaine (D.) is a short-duration ester Katzung
A 23-year-old immunocompetent woman sees A.) Amantidine B.) Valacyclovir is related to acyclovir, Board Review

her family physician with painful “bumps” on
her labia and vulva. On examination, there are
vesicles in the described region. You suspect
herpes simplex infection on clinical grounds
and recommend which of the following?
A 7 year old boy came into consult for
asthma. To control his asthma, you prescribed
Montelukast instead of corticosteroids for
minimal side effects. Montelukast is a/an:
Vancomycin is known to exhibit which of the
following adverse effects?
A 45-year-old female patient has fasting
glucose levels of 147 mg/dL, and with a
glucose tolerance test, you have confirmed
the diagnosis of type II diabetes. You begin
B.) Valacyclovir
C.) Vidarabine
D.) Foscarnet
E.) Rimantadine
A.) Mast cell stabilizer
B.) 5 lipooxygenase inhibitor
C.) Antihistamine
D.) LTD4 receptor antagonist
A.) Gray Baby Syndrome
B.) Blue sclera
C.) Red Man Syndrome
D.) Blue Urine
A) Increase Insulin Secretion
B) Decrease glucocorticoid levels
C) Decrease tissue sensitivity to
insulin
both of which are used for the treatment
of oral and genital herpes in
immunocompetent individuals.
Vidarabine is used in more severe
infections in neonates as well as in the
treatment of zoster. Both amantadine
and rimantadine are used in the
treatment of influenza. Foscarnet is
used in the treatment of Series (BRS)
cytomegalovirus retinitis and acyclovir- Pharmacology
resistant herpes simplex virus infection. 6th Ed.
D.) LTD4 receptor antagonist. LTD4
exerts many effects known to occur in
asthma, including bronchoconstriction,
increased bronchial reactivity, mucosal
edema, and mucus hypersecretion.
Inhibition to the binding of LTD4 to its
receptor on target tissues prevents its
action. Mast cell stabilizers stabilize
chloride channels, leading to the
inhibition of histamine release.
Cromolyn sodium is an example of a
mast cell stabilizer. 5-lipooxygenease
inhibitors like Zileuton prevent
leukotriene synthesis altogether. BRS
D.) Red Man Syndrome. This is the most
common adverse reaction to
Vancomycin. It is caused by rapid
infusion of the drug which causes
release of histamine. Gray baby
syndrome is an adverse effect of
Chloramphenicol in infants, since they
lack the enzymes needed to metabolize
the drug. BRS
The answer is A. Sulfonylureas such as BRS
glyburide increase the release of insulin Pharmacology
from the pancreas. They also may cause 6th ed., p. 262
an increase in insulin receptors, which
 D) Decrease insulin half-life

therapy with metformin, but her fasting glucose increases tissue sensitivity to insulin.
levels remain above 100 mg/dL. You elect to They do not slow insulin clearance, and
A.) Lamivudine
AIDS is currently managed with highly active
anti-retroviral therapy, combining a series of B.) Didanosine
medication to overwhelm the virus and C.) Nevirapine C.) Nevirapine is a NNRTI. It functions by
minimize its ability to form resistance. Which binding to the reverse transcriptase
of the following is a non-competetive reverse D.) Saquinavir enzyme and acting as a noncompetetive
transcriptase inhibitor? E.) Zidovudine inhibitor. USMLE