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PREVENTION OF DEFICIENCY
DISORDERS
PRESENTED BY:-
DEEPAK KUMAR GUPTA
ASSISTANT PROFESSOR
SOP(DR APJ ABDUL KALAM
UNIVERSITY INDORE
• Definition:
• Abalanced diet is defined as the diet that contains the required amount of
calories, vitamins and minerals that are essential to keep a person healthy.
Deficiency Disorders
• Acidosis
• Ketosis
• Hypoglycemia
• Fatigue & decreased energy levels
• Unhealthy weight loss
• Loss of sodium
Proteins:
Deficiency Disorders:
• Kwashiorkor
• Marasmus
• Mental retardation
Dietary vitamins and minerals
Fatigue.
Hair changes
Lethargy.
Night blindness,
Xerophthalmia,
Keartomalacia
Complete blindness
Impaired immune function
Birth defects
Management
Deficiency of vitamin a can be achieved by eating vitamin A rich foods and
external supplementation of vitamin A Preparations.
Foods rich in vitamin A
Vitamin A is found naturally in many foods:
Liver (beef, pork, chicken, turkey, fish) Egg (140 µg)
Cheddar cheese (256 µg) Apricot (96 µg)
Carrot (835 µg) Papaya (55 µg)
Spinach (469 µg) Mango (38 µg)
Sweet potato (709 µg) Pea (38 µg)
Butter (684 µg) Milk (28 µg)
Vitamin D deficiency disorder:
Function of vitamin D
• Maintain the normal calcium and phosphorus levels in the body to build strong bones, teeth and nails.
• Supporting the cell functions and other neuromuscular functions in the body.
• Controls the supply of calcium between the bones and the blood and supports bone mineralization
(hardening of bones) and bone remodeling by osteoblasts and osteoclasts.
• Preventing of rickets in children, and osteoporosis or osteomalacia in adults.
• Vitamin D as a powerful antioxidant and anti-carcinogen, it helps in combination depression, prostate
cancer, breast cancer, high blood pressure, cardiovascular diseases, phagocytosis activity and boosts
anti-tumor activity.
• Vitamin D helps in maintaining a health immune system in the body.
Deficiency Disorders
• osteomalacia (softening of the
bones) in elders
• rickets in children.
• Avoiding the exposure to sun
may result in low blood calcidiol
(25- hydroxy-vitamin D) and that
may causes vitamin D deficiency
disorder.
Management
Dietary supplementation of vitamin D2 (mushrooms) and vitamin D3 (fish liver oils, egg and
beef liver.
Sources of vitamin D
The man source of vitamin D s exposure of an individual is to sun’s UVB rays. Apart from
this, vitamin D is found in various types of fish such as herring, mackerel, salmon, and
sardines. It is also available in other food sources such as egg yolk, orange juice, cereals,
green leafy vegetables, fish liver oils, yogurt, cheese, etc. fortified foods are other
Functions
• Prevents the oxidative damage of the cell membranes
• Prevents unnecessary growth of the smooth muscle.
• Responsible for the repair of wounds
• Vitamin E plays a role in neurological functions.
• It inhibits platelet aggregation.
• Vitamin E also protects lipids and prevents the oxidation of polyunsaturated fatty
acids (PUFAs).
Deficiency Disorders
Spinocerebellar ataxia
Myopathies
Peripheral neuropathy
Ataxia
Skeletal myopathy
Retinopathy
Erythrocyte hemolysis
Male infertility
Treatment
Individuals who cannot absorb fat may require a vitamin E supplement because
some dietary fat is needed for the absorption of vitamin E from the gastrointestinal
tract.
Dietary sources
Vitamin is found mostly abundantly in wheat germ oil, sunflower oil, safflower oil, nuts
and nut oils, like almond and hazelnuts palm oil. It is also found in high value green,
leafy vegetables like spinach, turnip, broccoli, avocados, asparagus, kiwifruit (green)
pumpkin, sweet potato, mangoes, tomatoes, rockfish, and papaya.
Vitamin K deficiency disorder
• The functions of vitamin K are concerned with blood clotting process
• It brings about post-translational modification of certain blood clotting factors
• The clotting factors II, VII, IX and X are synthesized as inactive precursors
in the liver
• Vitamin K act as a coenzyme for the
• carboxylation of glutamic acid residues present in the protein and this
reaction is
catalyzed by a carboxylase (microsomal)
• Warfarin is a synthetic analogue that can inhibit vitamin K action
Deficiency Disorders
• Petechae
• Hematomas
• Stomach pains
• Cartilage calcification
• In infants, it can cause some birth defects such as underdeveloped face, nose, bones, and
fingers.
Management
Vitamin K is found in green, leafy vegetables and in oils, such as soybean, cottonseed,
canola, and olive oils. It can also be synthesized from colonies bacteria. Diet is the
main source of vitamin K.
Deficiency disorders of vitamin B complex
• The vitamin B complex is essential to
• Support and increase the rate of metabolism
• Maintain healthy skin, hair and muscle tone
• Enhance immune and nervous system functions
• Promote cell growth and division, including that of the red blood
cells that help prevent anemia
• Reduce the risk of pancreatic cancer
• Reduce the symptoms of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder
S.N VITAMI NAM DEFECIENCY
o N E DISORDER
1 Vitamin Thiamine Beriberi
B
2 Vitamin Riboflavin Ariboflavinosis
B2
3 Vitamin Niacin Pellagra
B3
4 Vitamin Pantothenic Acne and
B5 acid Paresthesia
5 Vitamin Pyridoxin Microcytic anemia, Depression, Dermatitis, High Blood
B6 e Pressure
6 Vitamin Biotin Impaired growth and Neurological disorders in
B7 infants.
7 Vitamin Folic Macrocytic anemia and Elevated levels of
B9 acid homocysteine.
8 Vitamin Cobalami Deficiency results in a macrocytic anemia, Elevated
B12 n Peripheral neuropathy, Memory loss and other Cognitive
deficits.
Dietary sources of vitamin B complex