TABIJE, ARVIE JAYSELLE P.

NCENH06

Activity for EDN

1. What are the types of open wounds? Characterize each type.
A. Abrasions
An abrasion is a skin wound caused by rubbing or scraping the skin against a
hard, rough surface. Bleeding in this type of wound is usually limited, but it is
important that the skin be cleaned in order to guard against infection.
B. Incisions
An incision is a cut caused by a knife, the rough edge of metal, broken glass, a
razor blade or some other sharp object. This type of wound generally bleeds
rapidly and heavily. If the cut is deep, muscles, tendons and nerves may be
damaged.
C. Lacerations
A laceration is a jagged, irregular or blunt breaking or tearing of soft tissues,
often resulting from mishandling tools and machinery and other accidents.
Bleeding from a laceration may be rapid and extensive.
D. Punctures
A puncture is a piercing wound that causes a small hole in the tissues. Such
objects as nails, needles, ice picks and other pointed objects can produce
puncture wounds. Even if external bleeding is slight, there may be serious
internal bleeding resulting from internal damage to an organ (as in a gunshot
wound). All puncture wounds require the attention of a health professional
because of the danger of tetanus.
E. Avulsions
An avulsion is a forcible tearing or partial tearing away of tissues. It occurs in
such accidents as gunshot wounds, explosions, animal bites or other body-
crushing injuries. Bleeding is heavy and rapid.

2. What are the types of closed wounds? Characterize each type.

A. Contusions: These are a common type of sports injury, where a direct blunt
trauma can damage the small blood vessels and capillaries, muscles and
underlying tissue, as well the internal organs and, in some cases, bone.
Contusions present as a painful bruise with reddish to bluish discoloration that
spreads over the injured area of skin.
B. Hematomas: These include any injury that damages the small blood vessels
and capillaries resulting in blood collecting and pooling in a limited space.
Hematomas typically present as a painful, spongey rubbery lump-like lesion.
Hematomas can be small or large, deep inside the body or just under the skin;
depending on the severity and site of the trauma.
C. Crush injuries: These are usually caused by an external high pressure force
that squeezes part of the body between two surfaces. The degree of injury and
pain can range from a minor bruise to a complete destruction of the crushed area
of the body, depending on the site, size, duration and power of the trauma.

3. What is healing by first intention?

or primary closure, refers to the healing of a wound in which the edges are
closely re-approximated. In this type of wound healing, union or restoration of
continuity occurs directly with minimal granulation tissue and scar formation. It
works best with wounds or incisions where there has been little loss of tissue.
4. What is healing by second intention?
Healing by secondary intention refers to healing of an open wound, from the
base upwards, by laying down new tissue. There are many kinds of dressings
and topical agents available but few have been evaluated in trials.

5. What is healing by third intention?

It is the wound healing by the gradual filling of a wound cavity by granulations
and a cicatrix or delayed primary closure.

6. Included in the documentation during collection of forensic evidence are:

a. Document and photograph the evidence
b. Properly secure the evidence by placing in a paper bag or envelope
c. Close, seal, or tape the paper bag or envelope. The examiner must initial,
date, and time across the sealed area
d. Label the bag or envelope with the patient's identifying information
e. Examiner must place signature, date, and time on the envelope

7. The components of injury prevention are the following. Describe each

component
A. Education – provide the information and materials to help prevent violence
and to maintain safety at home in vehicles is important. Involvement in local
injury prevention organizations, nursing organizations, and health fairs promotes
wellness and safety.
B. Legislation – provide universal safety measures, not to infringe in sights.
C. Automatic protection: provide for safety without requiring personal
intervention.

8. What is disaster?
It is a serious disruption occurring over a short or long period of time that causes
widespread human, material, economic or environmental loss which exceeds the
ability of the affected community or society to cope using its own resources.

9. Give the management of disaster:

D -etection
I –ncident command
S –afety & security
A –assess hazards
S -upport
T –riage, transport & treatment
E -vacuation
R –eallocation & redevelopment
10. Characterize the 3 disaster levels
A. Level 1
emergency is a localized incident. Such incidents are within the capacity of the
local government authorities and other first responder agencies within a
Municipality
B. Level II
the emergency or disaster event usually affects two or more municipal regions,
or while confined to one municipality, may be of a very serious nature (that is,
have the potential for significant loss of life or damage to property, environment
or economy). In such instances, the response can be dealt with using municipal
and national resources.
c. Level III
the national resources become overwhelmed, the President will declare a
national emergency. In such a scenario, the ODPM, through the Ministries of
National Security, Foreign Affairs and Finance, will coordinate the acquisition of
regional and international aid assistance.