Tabije, Arvie Jayselle
NCENHL07
DIABETES MELLITUS
DRUG DATA DRUG ACTION
Generic Name: Acts directly on vascular
Hydrazaline smooth muscle to cause
vasodilation, primarily
Trade name: arteriolar, decreasing
Apresoline, Novo-hylazin peripheral resistance,
maintains or increases
Dose: renal ad cerebral flow.
5mg/hr
Pharmacokinetics
Route: A: Rapidly absorbed from
IV infusion the GI tract after oral
administration.
Classification: D: About 90% bound to
Vasodilator, Anti plasma proteins.
hypertensive M: Undergoes
considerable first pass
metabolism by acetylation
in the GI mucosa and liver.
E: Mainly excreted in urine
as metabolites.
NURSING
INTERVENTION
Before:
-check blood pressure
-arrange for cbc, LE cell
preparations, and ANA
titers before therapy.
-assess for
contraindicated conditions.
-observe the 15 rights of
drug administration.
-assess bowel sounds.
-assess voiding pattern.
During:
-give oral drug with food.
-use parenteral drug
immediately after opening
ampule.
-discard discolored
solutions.
-instruct to take drug
exactly as prescribed.
After:
-withdraw drug gradually
-discontinue if blood
dyscrasias occur.
-arrange for pyridoxine
therapy if patient develops
symptoms of peripheral
neuritis.
-monitor for orthostatic
hypotension
-report persistent or
severe constipation,
unexplained fever or
malaise, muscle or joint
aching, chest pain, rash,
numbness, tingling.
-do proper
documentation.
DRUG DATA DRUG ACTION NURSING
INTERVENTION
Generic name: Blocks pain impulses in -check and verify with
Aspirin CNS inhibition of doctors order and kardex
prostaglandin synthesis; -observe rights in
Brand name: antipyretic action results medication administration
Arthrinol, from vasodilation of such as giving the right
peripheral vessels; drug to the right patient
Classification: decreases platelet using the right route and at
Non-narcotic analgesics, aggregation. the right time.
non-steroidal inflammatory, -assess skin color and
antipyretic, anti platelet presence of lesions as this
may indicate
Route: hepatotoxicity, allergy,
PO bleeding, and other
complications.
Dosage: -assess patients
Adult: 2.6-5.2 g/day (q4- orientation to time and
q6h) place as the drug may
Child: 90-130 mg/kg/day causedizziness and
(q4-q6) confusion.
-Give drug with food or
after meal if GI upset
occurs.
-to reduce the risk of the
tablet lodging in the
esophagus, give drug with
full glass of water.
-ensure that the patient
does not crush and chew
the tablets as well as
sustained release
preparations t prevent
losing drugs effectivity.
-if aspirin has vinegar-
like odor , do not use and
dispose.
-movital sins
-raise side rail to ensure
for safety.
_monitor for signs and
symptoms of drug allergy
such as difficulty of
breathing, pruritus, and
rashes.
DRUG DATA DRUG ACTION NURSING
INTERVENTION
Generic name: Blocks vasoconstrictor and -Assess bp and pulse
Candersartan aldosterone producing periodically during therapy
effects of angiotensin II at -assess patient for signs
Brand name: receptor sites, including and symptoms
Biopress vascular smooth muscle -auscultate lungs for
and the adrenal glands. rales during therapy.
Classifications: Therapeutic effects: -emphasize the.
Agiotensin II receptor Lowering of blood Importance of continuing
antagonist pressure, slowed medication as directed
progression of diabetic even if feeling well,
Route: nephropathy, decrease risk -instruct the patient or
PO of stroke. the family about the proper
technique n taking the
Dosage: blood pressure.
16mg 1day -caution patient to avoid
sudden position changes
to decrease hypostatic
hypotension.

DRUG NAME DRUG ACTION NURSING

 INTERVENTIONS
CHRONIC KIDNEY
DISEASES
Generic name: Stimulates alpha- -monitor BP carefully when
Clonidine adrenergic receptors discontinuing clonidine;
receptors in the CNS; hypertension usually return
Brand name: which result in decreased within 48hrs.
Catapres sympathetic outflow -advise patient to take
inhibiting cardio drug exactly as prescribed
Clasicfication; acceleration and and not to stop abruptly
Antihypertensive vasoconstriction centers. because withdrawal
symptoms and severe
Route: hypertension may occur.
Oral -instruct patient to
consult prescriber if dry
Dosage: mouth or drowsiness
0.1 mg, 0.2 mg, 0.3 mg becomes a problem.
-During oral clonidine
therapy. To minimize these
effects, prescriber may
suggest taking most of
dosage at bedtime.
-Instruct patient to report
chest pain, dizziness with
position changes,
excessive drowsiness,
rash, urine retention, and
vision changes. As
needed, tell patient to rise
slowly to avoid
hypotensive effects.

DRUG NAME DRUG ACTION NURSING

Brand name: A low molecular weight
Clexane heparin derivative that
accelerates formation of
Generic name: anti-thrombin III-thrombin
Enoxaparin sodium complex and deactivates
thrombin,preventing
Classifications; conversion of fibrinogen to
Anticoagulants fibrin. Has higher anti-
factor Xa to antifactorIIa
Dosage: activity ratio.
40mg SC q8 for 10 days
INTERVENTION
-monitor pregnant
women using the drug
-instruct patient and
family to watch for signs of
bleeding or abnormal
bruising and to notify
prescriber immediately if
any occur.
-tell patient to avoid OTC
drugs containing aspirin or
other salicylates unless
ordered by physician
DRUG NAME DRUG ACTION NURSING
INTERVENTION
Generic name: Inhibits the transport of -monitor blood pressure
Verapamil calcium into myocardial and pulse before therapy,
and vascular smooth during dosage titration and
Brand name: muscle cells, resulting in periodically throughout
Calan inhibition of excitation- therapy.
contraction coupling and -monitor ECG
subsequent contraction. periodically during
Decreases SA and AV prolonged therapy.
conduction and prolongs Verapamil may cause
AV node refractory period prolonged PR interval.
in conduction tissue. -Monitor renal and
hepatic functions
periodically during long
term therapy. May cause
increase hepatic enzymes
after several days of
therapy, which return to
normal on discontinuation
of therapy.

DRUG NAME DRUG ACTION NURSING

CVA INTERVENTION
Generic name: Principal opium alkaloid; -Caution patient not to
Morphine sulfate acts as agonist at specific chew or crush controlled-
opiodreceptors in the CNS release preparations.
Brand name: to produce analgesia, -Dilute and administer
Astramorph, daramorph, euphoria, sedation, the slowly to minimize
epimorph receptors mediating these likelihood of adverse
effects are thought to be effects
Classification: the same as those -tell patient to lie down
Opiod agonist analgesic mediating the effects of during IV administration
endogenous opiods. -keep opiod antagonist
Dosage: and facilities for assisted or
Adult- 5-200 mg IM/SC q4 controlled respiration
Children: 10mg IM/SC q4 readily available during IV
administration.
-Use caution when
injecting SC or IM into
chilled areas or in patients
with hypotension or in
shock; impaired perfusion
may delay absorption, with
repeated doses, an
excessive amount may be
absorbed when circulation
is restored.
-reassure patients that
they are unlikely to
become addicted; most
patients who receive
opiods for medical reasons
do not develop
dependence syndrome.
-Advise patient to report
severe nausea and
vomiting, constipation,
SOB, rashes.

DRUG NAME DRUG ACTION NURSING

Generic name: A nitrate that reduces
Nitroglycerin cardiac oxygen demand by
decreasing left ventricular
Brand name: end diastolic pressure and
INTERVENTIONS
-Use cautiously in
patients with hypotension
or volume depletion.
-closely monitor vital
Nitrostat to a lesser extent, systemic signs during infusion,
vascular resistance. Also particularly blood pressure,
Classification: increases blood flow especially in a patient with
Nitrates drug antianginals through the collateral an MI.
coronary vessels. -Nitroglycerin may
Dosage: interfere with cholesterol
Capsules: 2.5mg, 6.5 mg, determination tests using
9mg, 13 mg the Zlatkis-zak color
Tablet: 0.2-0.6 mg SL q 5 reaction, resulting in falsely
minutes for maximum of 3 decreased values.
doses in 15minutes

DRUG NAME DRUG ACTION NURSING

Generic name: Acts with plasminogen to
Streptokinase produce a new activator
complex which enhances
Brand name: the conversion of
INTERVENTIONS
-reconstitute gently, a
directed without shaking
the vial.
-use within 24hrs of
Streptase plasminogen to plasmin.
Plasmin then breaks down
Classification: fibrinogen, fibrin clots, and
other plasma protein
Route: promoting the dissolution
IV of the insoluble fibrin
trapped in intravascular
Dosage: emboli and thrombi. Also
250,000 IU/30 minutes inhibitors of streptokinae
such as alpha-2-
macroglobulin are rapidly
inactivated by
streptokinase.
reconstitution.
-use an electronic
infusion device to
administer streptokinase
and do not add any other
medications to the line.
Note any redness and pai
at the site.
-do not add any
medication to
streptokinase.
-identify other drugs
taking such as aspirin, or
NSAIDS that could
increase bleeding times.

References:
Schull, P. (2013). McGraw=Hill Nurse's Drug Handbook. Pennsylvania Plaza New York
City: McGraw-Hill Education, LLC.
Vallerand, A. S. (2015). Davis's Drug Guide for Nurses. Philadelphia.