Answer ALL questions.

tates of matter are solid, liquid and gas.

iethrees
nces can be changed from one state to another
I substa .
The boX lists some words relating to changes of state.

condensing cooling evaporation

heating melting sublimation

complete the table by giving the correct word from the box for each change of state.

Each word may be used once, more than once, or not at all.
(3)

r Name of change
'

;~ Change of state . " •,' -

•
>msolid to liquid ('f)~fun~
>m liquid to gas t-\l~ o,°'-tin:i
>m solid to gas J Wo\,mu,-\) O\"\
J) The particles in a solid are closely packed, arranged in a regular pattern and
vibrate about a fixed position.
Describe the arrangement and movement of the particles in a gas.
(3)

_:Tut. ~D <>.:ti l':o 0\0\1~?::.: •1:ti~ 'Nl chl)

S?o..lLl- _
ht~ (}bs:\ ~O'.\ffi/~ \il!X~ ~uJ~ '
............................................................................................................................................ . . . ' ... ..... . . ' .. .

·· · · ·· · · · ··••·••· ·· ·· · · · · ·· ···· · ·· · ·· ·· · · ····· • "''' ' ' ' ' ' " ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' '' ' ' ' ' ' "' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' '' ' ' ' " ' ' ' " ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' " ' " ' ' ' ' ' " ' " ' ' ' " ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' .. .... ... ....... ..... ., . ...... ....... . . ...

•• •• • • •• • H • • ••• •• •• •••••• •••• • ••• • ·• •• •·• ••· •• • •• • • ••• • • • •• •• · • • • ·• • •••·•• • •••••·•• ··• • • • • • •••• • •····•• · • •·••· • • ••• · ·· ••••• •··• ·• .. ••· • · • • • ·•••• • ••·•• ••••·• · • ••••••·• ... . .... . ...... . . . . .. . .... . . . . .... . .. . . . ... . ...... .. . . .. .. ......... . .. . . . .... .... . . . .. . .. . . ..... . .

....................................................... ........... ......... ............................... ..... ........... , ..................... ....................... .. ..... ......................... .. .:.............................. ········ .... . ..

(Total for Question 1 = 6 marks}

 The diagram ::> 1 ,v .. -
from rock salt.

'f~,
I
Stage 3
Stage 2
Stage 1 crushed rock salt
rock salt crushed added to water

(a) Name the pieces of apparatus labelled X, y and Z ll

X }Jj~g0, - -- ---
y · · ·· ··· ··F.\\~~®n~. . . . ... .. . ..... . .... . . ...... . . ... . . . . . ... . . ... . . . ... . ............. . ... .... . .... . . ... .... . .. ... ... . . . .. . __
z
'"
C.\ll\:li)\~\:\~~~~····························· ·············· ············•······· ···· ·············· ·· ···· ······ ·············· ········· ·· ············
··················· ...... .::-.. ...,,-............... ······
. ··················-

(bl (i) State why the mixture of rock salt and water is warmed and stirred in stage 2.
ll:

. .... ..... . . . j9.t.h0,,t.~ .~o\~..YY..o.~ .~1.~9\Y.t ... . .....······················""''' ~- . ...........................

·························~ ·9.J.. .. ..~l···. . . . .. ... . . . ... ........ . . ... . . .. . ... . . . ..... . .. . . . . . ..... .. . . . . .... ..... ..... . . . . . . . . . -... _
__
0 • • • . . •·•••• •• ·•· . . •• . . •••· . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . .. . ..... . . ........ . ... . .. . ............ . .. . . ......... . . ..... .. . .. .. .... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . MO

.. ................................................................................. ....................................................--

(ii) What is water in stage 2?

(1 :

-- [J A a residue

--
[I B a solute

C a solution

Ill D a solvent
----- ----······ ····-········· .. ········-·····-···········-··········-·-·····-···············- -····-··-······-·--- ···- - - - - - - - -

-------·--··-····-·-······· ···-·······--····- --···-·-·············-·········· ---··-····-·---·--·--·---·

[ii What is the liquid collected at the end of stage 3? {1 l

&J A a residue

[:] e a solute

Bc a solution

Ii D a solvent
{Total for Question 2 9 marks)
deU
I
I' .
ram shows a co1u1 i 111 U-''-'"' ", ~· ''" ", ... u.,~, ,a1 1-1• v1..e=>=> lu ~eparate crude oi.l.

,he dia9

~ - refinery gases

c-gasoline

c_,.kerosene

c_,.diesel

.----- fuel oil

crude oil vapour

- - - - ~ bitumen

(i) Name the industrial process used to separate crude oil.

(1)

. .--··. . . . . f..\~~}d. o..ho.\. . ~.&~\\Mct9.~. . . . . . . . ... . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . .

(ii) State a use for kerosene and a use for bitumen.
(2)

ine ........ . .t..~ .~.£9t. ~ .\'.L\.M .~ ........... . .......................... ... ........................ ....................................................................................... ..........

:n . .......... t::o.~ ~. . '. . ... .... . . ... . . . .. .. . . . . . ...... .... . . .. . .. . . . . .. . . .... . . . . . .... . . . . . ... . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . .. . .... .... . . . . . .. . . . . . .. . . ..

7
 (bl A molecule of the hydrocarbon eicosane has the formula C,.H.,

(i) Explain which homologous series eicosane belongs to.

····•················-··-··--·-···--·························--········......................-•·-·········-·····-·······-······ ···- ·····----.

(ii) Name a catalyst used in the industrial cracking of eicosane.

. .... .-. ~ ~'...\:\~: . .... . .. . . . - ... ··· ·· . . .. . .. . · ··-- ---- II,

(iii) In a possible reaction for the cracking of eicosane, the products are three
molecules of C H and one molecule of another hydrocarbon.
4 8

Complete the equation for this reaction.

(c) Hydrocarbons can be saturated or unsaturated.

(i) Explain what is meant by the term hydrocarbon. ii

. ........................................................................................................... . -

. (ii) State what is meant by a hydrocarbon bemg

. saturated.
........ - ('

1t~~h.9S: \Qn~I:'-.."'°Jo\_~o~····················································
, ....................-- -

............................................ ...................................................................................................... -
 ribe a chemical test used to distinguish between unsaturated and
(iii) oesc ted hydrocarbons.
satura

, ...-,. -···........................... .. ................................................................................................................................................

The unsaturated hydrocarbon C4H8 has several isomers.

The displayed formula for one of these isomers is

H H H
I I I /H
H-C-C-C=C
I I "-
H H H

(i) Name this isomer. ( 1)

~a L ·········································. ·····················.......................................................................................................................................
................................................ ....
~u.\,- \-
(ii) Draw the displayed formula of another isomer of C4H8 (1)

\-t \-\ \-\ \1-

1 \ l I
l- L -:. L - L -\-\
\
\.-t

(Total for Question 3 = 15 marks)

- 4 (a) (i) Explain what is meant by the term covalent bonding.

···--·········-···-·-···---···-···-·······- ·---···--·--·--------·-·-··-·-·-······-·······--··········-··-···-··---·································-····-·-·--··- -. __ _______

···-·······-·······-·····-·-····----·--······-···-·---·····-··-···-·--····-··-···········--·-·-·····-·-···-·-···-···--························-···························--··-···---------

(ii) Draw a dot and cross diagram to show the bonding in a molecule of ethene, ½H.

Show only the outer electrons.

(2)

(b) Substances A and 8 are covalently bonded and have simple molecular structures.

The table gives the boiling points for substances A and 8.

Boiling point
Substance
in °C
·······•··.....,,. ...................................................................... ........................ ..................................................... .

ie, C); .......................est why the boiling point of B is higher than the boiling point of A.
(ii) sugg (1)

r2) I".Is :tl~-1(1 '.) ~\'.Q'.\9-~ ~_<:JJ(L 9.1t _o,:!;:l;\,O,,L\; I .f.) ", l:i ~± !i. -
....... ..-·.......
·······..•···············Y f ' O ~ ' . t . . ~.... \\ ..... :......... ······················••·••·················· .............................. ·····························-•·· .....- ••-···•····••·••·········

(iii) substance B has the empirical formula C2H5 and an M1 value of 58.

Determine the molecular formula of substance B. (2)

5~ - S8 :.. '--
llJ-n.) + l S- 'i-\ J ~q
l l+ l D

Substance Xis also covalently bonded, but its structure is different from that of A and B.
It has a boiling point of 2230 °C.
Explain, in terms of its structure, why X has such a high boiling point.
(2)

.. . . .... . .... . . . . . . ..l~~\.5. ~~\ill~.....\.o.v...~ ~...~lv..~\.i\ill.... ) .9.....\.~~.t ~~... .

. ... _____9.tl:i!l§_~ ~.Js~ i o½x~~ . ..\ Q~······························-····-···· ........

....................... . .. . ................................ ,..................... ,........................................ ,............................... .

(Total for Question 4 = 11 marks)

IIIIIIIIIPIll 5
111111111111111111111111111111 lllll 111111111111111 11111111
5714A01128 Turn over
11
-
5 Hot, molten sulfur reacts with oxygen to form sulfur dioxide gas.

(a) Describe what is seen when a sample of hot, molten sulfur is lowered into a
gas jar containing oxygen.
(1

h •••• ••• ••- •• •• ••• • •• •••• ••••• •• ••••• •• •• ••• ••••••• ••••••• •• •••••• ••• •••• •••.-••• •• • • •••••••-•••• .. •••••• •• •• • ••• ••••• •• ••••••••• .. •••••• •••••• • •••• •• ••••• u • ••••• • •• •• ••• • • • •• •• •• ••• ••• • • • ••• • • •• •••••••••• • u•-••• ••••---•••-.

(b) Sulfur dioxide gas is formed during the reaction between dilute hydrochloric acid
and sodium sulfite, Na 250 3

A salt and water are also formed.

Write a chemical equation for this reaction.

(2)

. . l\-1\c\ =\~~'.\,,)P3 : ) :-.1N~\::\:t So.::::±1:\\;JL . ...

(c) This apparatus can be used to collect a pure, dry sample of sulfur dioxide gas.

dilute hydrochloric acid

sodium sulfite
i
silica gel

heat

(i) Suggest the purpose of the silica gel.

(1)

························ · ···' c.~ '1.t..k.~... . .'. ... ... ... . . . . . . . . .. ..... . . .. . . .. . . ... .. . . .... .. . .. . . . .. . . ... . . . ... . .... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
··································..····················...,................ .......................................................................................................................................................................................
 d"10 ·d gas 11
thod used in the diagram to collect the sulfur "' e · )
e the rne
(iil Nam
\io\1-t\~·o ..hl'.~ ···•····························································· -···················-······ -···--··········· ·················-···- ·

.. ./-········he physical property of sulfur dioxide gas that allows it to be collected

Cil state t
11 in this w•Y· (1 )

A sample of sulfur dioxide reacts with water to form an acidic solution.

(1)
(i) identify the acid formed.

_____LH \:;;S9 ~) )~\>,,,"( ()½ \cl

(ii) Afew drops of methyl orange indicator are added to this solution.

State the colour of the indicator in this solution. (1)

(iii) Give the formula of the ion responsible for this c61our. . ···················
( 1)

(iv) An ~;-~~Ii is then added to neutralise the acid. ··································································· .. ··········································

State the final colour of the ·1nd·1cator.

(1)

··········· ····· ···· ···················· ···Q\~.g _................................. .................······················ ················································ ·················

6 A student i~ves~igates the rate of the reaction between magnesium ribbon and dil
hydrochloric acid. The products are magnesium chloride and hydrogen. Ute

(a) The equation for the reaction is

Mg(:S......) + 2HCl(~/\) MgCl/~·\) + H/3········)

Complete the equation by adding the state symbols.

(1'I

(b) The student uses these pieces of apparatus in his experiment.

gas syringe

flask

bung

This is his method.

• clean a strip of magnesium ribbon to remove the oxide layer
• pour SO cm 3 of 0.5 mol/dm 3 hydrochloric acid into the flask
• put the clean magnesium ribbon into the flask
• quickly put the bung into the flask to connect the gas syringe
• record the volume of gas in the syringe every minute for eight minutes
 est whY the student cleans the magnesium ribbon to remove the oxide layer.
(i) su99 (1 )'

. _jQ_-:\~.. ..... \~~\~)~\!'\. ~\ci .!k... . si\~.~~ ·~ ·-

..........--·-······-··················································································· .................................................................................................................................................. ..

....... --· -·················································································································································................................................................................................

(ii) suggest why the student needs to put the bung into the flask quickly.
( 1)

-------~ :\:~~ 9-:.\\tt~ .h ~~~~~l~~ - ·- -

.............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
········-···-··

........................... . ... ..... ... .. . . . .. . . . . . ..

(iii} Suggest when the student should start the stop watch. (1)

. . . . . . . . .b\:...-\:.R.S.~ k~
. . . . .... . . . . ....... . . ...........~\st_\,
. . .. .. . .~3. . . .... . . ... . . . . .. .. .. . .... ........... . ........... ... .... . . . ... ..
..... __ s..i~.~\l,,'t, ..~\h\..o. ...~~\i,,,.:..................... ................... ....... ............. .......... ......... .................. ............................

·············--····--··................................................................................................. ... .. . . .. . . . ... ..

 f the student's experiment.
(c) The graph shows the resu Its 0

90 - -r-- .... • Ir •
'
r- ;--;-t-+-~I--._JL_
. "- ~-.
80

60

'

Volume of gas
in cm 3
40 Ji:::j:r::.t~..:.i:.:+i-::rHtrr!fJ=±;f:t;ffi-;:i'tjl";'H=f-t+trt!=:+tt+f*~ _
;J_· ~.-
*•r J 11- ~- ~
'. 1-

30 J_:j~_.J
H
-•~J:,'...-!J.~~f1::.H4~H::4-:ti:±±ttttrr1+rt;t:-;-r-;::;r+ttP::;t:-:;:+~
•
' '-,-+

t -_·n. ~ ..,...._..-+
20 J -tt::.:::t.t~A-=:;:::;r::::µ,:;::&:±-::r::+t+:-i-;t-rtt:;-r.t-;:ttt7rr.r-t+t:t+=1=r::t-==::~
---
11:t..::i:-:c::i-=:::i:u-~~+r+m~ttttttmrr.::-titi::ttt~rr.-;r::h-+
P:--1
. --
11-.
10 /,,;...::r.:!....l..:~::±rb.:td.;......rlb.:Jcr-t-t-=-.trtl+f+--t:-:-t-:--tr:1:c::!=::tttttt::t::t:±~-
+-

-
.
- .- ;

L t - -•- • •_ 11~
0 _L__,!,__;_,:,.-4-__,1.-"--l..+-!-..:.J...l...:........;..+-~u..;...:--+----..:..---t..................---r-...........- - r -
o 2 3 4 5 6 7
Time in minutes

(i) Use the graph to find the volume of gas in the syringe at one minute.

Show on the graph how you obtained your answer.

(l

volume= .......J,,}J.d .

(ii) Use the graph to find the time when the reaction stops.
(1

time= .. 5.. .:. 3....:.

p

st two possible reasons why the reaction stops.

:iii) 5ugge (2)

__ -~ \\ _ ~9:,~~'-~- ~b~o1.,\-i\o~L0,,1,i<l.C!-.tt.. . ... ___ _ .

..........
........................ .... .. .....":.................................. -.... _........-............................. -........................ -·-·-· .. ··· ......................... -............-.............. _............. ..

................................. . ·····················••·•················· .. ··································································································-··-·····-·--··

· ·• ·•••· .. •··••-"' ' ''' ' ''''''' ' ' ' • •·•• •••· .. · ··•• · ·• •· ••••·•• •·•• • •••• ••··• • •H • ••OO • •· •·•• · ·· • • •• ••···•• •• • • •••• • •·•• •• · •• •· ·•• • .. •• •• •••· ·• •·•··• • O•O••·••• .. • •••··••• • • •-•· · • • -·•·••• O

(iv) Explain when the rate of reaction is greatest.

(2)

. . . . . . ... . ~.t . ~ .i\\.&:\:. f.D.\h~t.:~ . . . . . . .± ~.~.\.04JQ\\:..].~. 1.~.. . .. . . . _. . . . ... . . .

......... _..... \.n I\ \ ul .\.t .
.................................................................................................................................... ............................................. ............................... .
_ _

.........-......................... . .. . ····· ····················· ...·.............................................................................................................. .

.................-........................ ... . . .. . ····················· ...............................................................................................................................

Explain how increasing the concentration of the hydrochloric acid affects the rate
of the reaction with magnesium.

Refer to the particle collision theory in your answer.

(4)

... Jho.. . \°'--~. ~.t h~~. . . ~G. . ~.~ i.~. . . l\2~~. t.9..~~t~. . . . . .. . .. .... .

_i __n .... S. .....Vo\~So.~ ~.. .!'::'.<:l~J.~!.\;W'\:k . .\,p\\~)9~·

.............. ... ..................................................................................................................................................................................... .

......................................................................................................................... , ..........................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................................ ,.......................................................................................................

.............................................................. .............................................................................................. . .. .

········· .. ····...·..................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................

.......................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... , ..........................

................................................................................... .................................................................... ....... ...................................... . .

·······............._..... -....................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... .

(Total for Question 6 = 15 marks)

 7 In the Periodic Table, the vertical columns of elements are called groups.

(a} The table gives some information about the first four elements in Group O.
I
J
Boiling point
r
Element
' Relative atomic
mass (A) f
in °C
-
I
-269
4
helium -246
20
neon -186
40
argon -153
84 I -
krypton i

(i) State the relationship between the relative atomic mass and the boiling point

of these elements. 11

. ... Tu.t~,t~~ih~X~~~~ll.o..lo\r\l~m.~.) .... ±:~h\ab~--

..... .i~'oo,\\'nB. .vow,.~. .·... ... . . . . . . . . . . . ... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ... .. . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . ... . .. . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . ____
(ii) State why the elements in Group Oare unreactive.
11

. .... .. . .. t\t~ 9.~~ ~W.\ ---·-

i::\:1)~',M.\o\
'
• . .................................................. __ · .

(b) The elements in Group 7 of the Periodic Table are called halogens.

State why the halogens have similar chemical properties.

Refer to electronic configurations in your answer.

.. .:ih.~~~~'.:\\~ . . . . .G<!.~
K\\h0,N~·3:. J\\l-x<\.'oU--. b · · · · ······················· ······················· · · · · ··....11..
.... .. ........ ............................................. ................................................................................................................. ...--
 r of reactivity of the halogens can be shown by using displacement reactions.
The orde
(i) When chlorine is added to sodium bromide solution, chlorine displaces bromine.

Write a chemical equation for this reaction. (1)

---··-------·
.l\...- :\: _J~~ y
V
=~JJ-t~\>J-_itt - - - - -- -------------
(ii} State the colour of the solution formed in this reaction. (1)

· ········----··· -·O.r..® 8L . .... .... .. . ....... . . . . . . . .... . . . ... ..... . ..... . ... .. .. . . ....... . ..... . .........-·•· · · · · · ···· ·-·--···-· · · ·-·-·-··-···-·····-
(iii} Explain whether or not a reaction takes place when bromine water is added to
sodium chloride solution. · (2)

-··· __ ~.9)t~~\:,.0~ =i.Y~~),>..\.~Sllil,,\.~~i~th\0~1i. . .. -··· · ··--··-····

--~o.. 0-.\<lY~~\\ r\Qlc'o~~)~~\l,~ : _ _ __
··············--·-························· . . . .. . ·······························································································•···················· .............- ••··············

........... -••··-·································· ······· . . . . .. . . .... ... ... ······································································································································-

(iv) The displacement reaction between potassium iodide and chlorine can be
represented by the ionic equation

Explain why this is described as a redox reaction. (2)

. .... . ........\- _\~~ .. ~~\,\"~~!\

··· ··························~ ·~ ··~ ·P... ~J\ .~.\..).......tl..~~~.... . ..... .................................................. ........................... ................ ..................

·•········••···•··························•·············•·······•········· ........................................................................................................................... ········ ..... ..... .

·······································································........................................................................................ ................................................................. ... . .. . ········

 . dro en to form hydrogen chloride gas.
(d) Chlorine reacts with hy g .
. uation for this reaction.
(i) Write the chemica 1eq

\\ l \i-'.'IL\\\,.) . . .... . . . - · · · . .....

......................'[; ..... ... ........................ oured into beaker A. ...
(ii) Some methylbenzene is p
. d · to beaker B.
Some water is poure in
'de gas is dissolved in each liquid.
Hydrogen chi on
. f dry blue litmus paper is dipped into each solution
Aseparate piece o .

A B
hydrogen chloride hydrogen chloride
dissolved in methylbenzene dissolved in water

Explain what happens to

• the piece of litmus paper dipped into beaker A
• the piece of litmus paper dipped into beaker B.

································································.....,,.,.............................................................····················.. ······.. ,
······"·•··· --
........ .. .......................................................... ...................................................
················ ............... , ................................................. ,_, -
L-
......... .........................................................
· · ·· . .. ........... . ... . . ...... . . ... . .. . ...... ..... .... .... .... .... .
beaker B ............. ... J.\:'h::,~~O:{>l\l.. :\:\l,.//N\~Q... :. . . .................. --
............. ..........................................................
··········•· .. ,,............................ .···········...... ...........,......
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 h ws information about the effect of adding soai um 11y u •v", ......... J - • - .
1e tab~e 5 ~ontaining zinc ions, calcium ions or aluminium ions.
solutions
Effect of adding excess
. . ·•, ·~ Effect of adding a few drops of l1
sodium hydroxide solution
in solution . sodium hydroxi,de solution
1011 white precipitate disappears
-
line, zn2+
white precipitate forms

-
calcium, a
C z+
white precipitate forms
white precipitate remains

white precipitate disappears

white precipitate forms
· AP+
:ilurnin1urn,
--
) A student is provided with a sample of a white solid.
(i) The student dissolves some of the white solid in water and then adds a few
drops of sodium hydroxide solution. A white precipitate forms.

She concludes that the sample contains calcium ions.

Explain whether the student's conclusion is valid. (2)

___ lf s ..ho'v\/o.X,0... ·\ht_~-\o\o-.0...~"':'.L _ _

_ ____ g,':fliU>~ -~ ?.~\>:!') \::i~~ o~i~ ~,~ds. 'ol?,,,~~ l.l)"\~ :
···············-·························· .................................. ............................................. ............................................................... ......................................... .......................... .

................................................................................. ....................................................................... .... ....................... .................. ... .. ............................................ ......

(ii) Give a different test to show that the white solid contains calcium ions. (2)

. J\~~.-t... .·... l:t \-\:.\JJ< \))'.10.L'rl-~ · ................................................................................

1 \

. . . ............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... .

.. ........................................................................................................................................................... ....................................................................... ..
,

. .................................................................................................................................................................................................. ............................... .
 (b) Ahydrated salt has the formula AB 2.xH20
Ais a positive ion and Bis a negative ion.
When the hydrated salt is heated, this reaction occurs.

AB2.xH20 AB 2 + xH 20

Ascientist heats a sample of the hydrated salt until all the water h
as been I
0st
She records the mass of the salt before and after heating.
The table shows her results.

Mass of hydrated salt Mass of salt after heating

6.1 g 5.2g
- ,

(i) Describe how the scientist could make sure that all the water has be
. en lost.

······· -· \\t~~ .... \\b~\-tw:i~'1\ ~l \--0..l3. tH~. ... \µ\-\:\. \. .... ........ .. . ... .. .......
L i~ - \)~ hl . · · ·•. ... ._____
............ O~-·· .....-............ro~)..... .\.~.O......... ................................. . ........................... ........ ............................................_
-........
• • ••••·• • • • • •• • • ' ' ""'" • • • •• ••• •••• • •• • •••• • • • • •••••• o, 00 ,, ,, ,., , , ,, , , , ,,,,, ,, , ,, , , ,,, ,,., , ,,,, • .. ,.

------
. .................... ... ....................................... ___
(ii) Use the scientist's results to find the value of x in AB .xH 0
2 2

=
[M, of AB 2 208 M, of H20 =18]
Ml\\"\, 0)'_ h'' -S·t-1. O· C\ j
n L\\.i \.)-__ S. \.. "'_ O· OIS
'LO~
h L \ \- "'l0-J .._ :_ 0 , 0 ~-
\i
~°'.~0-- (), I)"\ S' ·, Q, OS-
1.. . \. \\ "'\_ J)
Jl-_ L
 . e hOW the scientist could use a solution of the salt to find out if the
, oescn_b ions are chloride ions. (3)
negative

'1, Q,(}-.. ....n\-\:'Ir.~-\~':\~ ~c;\.,,.--~1\\C:!bii\lk~i-0.\~\~:.------

- - ~ \~1!.tl~~~I,):~ ~\\~S)~'. - - - - - --------- -----
··-··---. .. -·· ·t·

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········-··-···-·····

···············••"-··············-····· ·········································································································································:··············-·-·········-··

) The test shows that the negative ions are chloride ions.
(i) Calculate the relative atomic mass of metal A using the formula and M value
of the anhydrous salt, AB 2 r
(1)

relative atomic mass of A = . .....1.. .i: ...' ·················

(ii) Identify metal A.

( 1)

··········································:···············~ ®- ~ .............................................................................................. .

(Tnt;1I fnr 011octinn Sl _ 1 c;: ~,:i,,rlr .. \

 . d by heating me11 V/\•-----
9 some me taIs can be obtaine d t produce iron from iron ore.
blast furnace use o
(a) The diagram shows a

waste gases

raw materia Is

hot air --+·-....,_____ --1

(i) Give the name of an iron ore. (1 :

._....................... \:\~\.\:\ .~ .~..................................................................................................................................................................... __

(ii) Explain the role of the hot air in the furnace. (21

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_ _

..........................O~\~. \}. \.. ()i'o ')'f\ '

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........................... . .................................................................................................................-

. . ································································································································... --

(iii) lron(III) oxide can be reduced by carbon.

Balance the equation for this reaction.

(1 )

............. ..... FeO+

2 3 ....... ............. ~..l ........ Fe +
l.A
.. ............. ...... _3. ....... ........ CO 2
 (iv) urn~stone is one of the raw materials added to the blast furnace.

Explain how limestone removes the impurity, silica (SiO), from the furnace.

y0 u may use equations to help your answer.

(3)

___ ____ _l~.ll~~t;>l)~ :1sillom~~-~9.&.9.I~ _____ __

...... ___l,oJ)_:Lo,,._Q.. . ttQ-,1,,t).. ~'\>.fi~l\i~-~ -~ ---LolLi~- ----- - -
···········-···-··························~~\\i.~ ..t~. . ...... ... ..... . ...... .. ..... ... . . . . ...-.. . . ... . .. ..... . .... . . . .. ....... . . . . ..-..
·················----············ . ............................................................................................................................................ . ..................---·····

·······••················---········· . . ................................................................................................................................................................, . ,_, ___ .... _.

• •• •• .. ·• • · •· •· ·•-•• • · • •• •••• •·· · · •·• • · • -- •• •••· • ••H· · · · · · ·• ·•• • ....... ..... . .. . . . . . . . . . . . .. .... . . . .. . . .. .... .. .. . . . .. . . .. . . . .... . .. . . . . . . ..... . ... . . .. . . .. . .. . ..... .. .. .. . ... . . . . . . . .. . .. . .... . .. . . . . . . . . . ... . - .... . . . . . . .. - • •

...................................... . ........................................................................................................................................................ ..... ..................-..........

............................................... .. . .. .... . ....................................... ............................................. ...... ........................................ ............................ . .......................................... .

......... ............................................................................... .......................................................................................................................................... ...........................................

b) (i) State why aluminium cannot be produced by heating its oxide with carbon.
(1)

........................... ..G\t_.~ ..\>-..\. -b\t. ... ~ .(}1\........ l~.b.0 n . . ·... .. . ...... .. ..

.. ....... .......................................................... ............. ................ .............
.. ..···········-- .....................·····••·•··················--···....................................................................................... ..

(ii) Describe how aluminium is extracted from purified aluminium oxide.

(4)

· · · · ··· · · ·······\\\.~)~\~....1. \ . . \).~ ......lliL~\~s.\.~. . . . :~ .\.~. . ...

. .. . .. . . .... . ...~~l~S.j .~ i~.~ . . . . ... . . . . . .~xo.f.~~ . . ... ... . . . . .. . . . . .
. .. . . .o.\. .
. .. .. . ... . ..... .9..~.... . . . . . . . },\~.\.~~. . l.9.~ . ~.0..\ . ..............
··· ·· · ·. . ... . . . . ~~'6.@.). . . 9-~~. ....~x. .. . . ... . . . . . . ... . ... . . .... . .
··········...........................................~\ ...?, +........ A ... ~t. . ::... =?.. \\..\. . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . .... .. . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ..... . . . ... . ... . . . .

......... .................................... ................... ................... ....... ............................... .. ...... ... ........ .. , . . .......................... ................ ............................... .......................................... ........... .

.......................................... ... ................. .............. ............................................... .............................................. .... .. .. ... .. .... .. ................ , ...................................................... , .......... .

......................................................................................................................................................................................................... .... .... , .......................................................

........ ................................................... ..........-........................................................................................................................ ... , ............... ........... .............................................

 tration of a solution of aqueo
d the con Cen us a
fj
titration 10 n "'n;
10 Astudent does a '·
He uses his method. rnples of the so Iut1on
. into
. a conical fl
t dd 25 OcJTl 3 sa ask
• use a pipette to a ..
, add a few d,ops of indicator tte until the indicator changes colour pe ,
•
add sulfuric acid froJTl a bur~ .
h more t,rnes
'"'an,,, ·r

• repea t the titration t reeh uld do while adding t he ac1·d, to rnake sure th •
1

(a) (i) State what the stud;::, ;e,rnanentlY- atll,

indicator changes c
'- l • : V \ (_A • .. ................................................................................. .

.... ········ · . ·······. . .~~,..).......4.J .· ··· ······· . ...· ················ ······ ... ··-
·•· ···········•····· ······· ······ ············•·····•····· ······•·•·················•···•·••·····•···••··••·····•••·•···•·· ······ ·································································

The table shows the student's titration results,

23.15 22.95
23.40
V
Volume of acid added
in cm
3
----- -- - --- ----
Concordant results
... V
Concordant results are volurnes withir 0.20 crn' of each other.
/ I / '

(ii) Place ticks ( in the table to show which resu Its are concordant. ,,

(iii) Use the concordant results to calculate the average (mean) volume of 'd
acr addf:

l'\, '.) · \ 5)\- L V C\. S" + \, ·\'J) I

3
-- \_j . 01"
(i

average volume ..... 1J·O)

The equation for the reaction is

H2SO4 + 2NH 3 (NH ) SO

4 2 4

(i) Calculate the amount, in moles, of H2SQ4 in 22.70cm 3 of the sulfuric acid.
(2)

n L \-\ \ () '\ \ L "\.. · \ o "l o · a i o

la OD
:. I . 8 \ 6 '-l \o - )

amount of H2S04 = ......L. . .... !J.&.1.\?.~.~mol

(ii) Calculate the amount, in moles, of NH 3 in the aqueous ammonia.
(1)

-J
amount of NH 3 = . ..3.. ... '. ... .\ ~_~?mol
(iii) Calculate the concentration, in mol/dm3, of the aqueous ammonia.
(2)
~- "{..\O-"\ '{.\or.> D

L-S°
' 0 . \'--\.~\,~

concentration of aqueous ammonia = ......9.... . .\~.~ -·mol/dm3

 uld use the method of crystallisation to obta·
(cl oescribe i,ow you,c~e frorn a dilute solution of arnrnonium sulfat in a PUr•
0 ar!lrllon1urll su ,a
1 e. ,1•1•

- - ----··-·--·------- -- ---
-------------------
·······-·····- ············-····---- --- -

--- --...
- ········-··············-···········-··-··-···-··--····-

- - - - - - -- --------------··-··--··-··········-··········································-··········-·

- - -- - - - ··-··-·········-··········-···········
····---·-·--·· -- -

-- .--- --·--·-----··--····-·····-·· . ·············•···••·····•·•····•··•·••·•·····•······•···

•OHO
O-------...

- - -·- ----
····-····---·- - -
- ..--········-····························································

---------- ······················································-············--·- ·- -

--- ---·-- ····-··· ... ·······-···································································-··-··--- -·-

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- -·--
················ ......................................................................... -----·--
--------- ----····-·--·-•··--·······

• 0 0 00•··••• • · • • .. .. . . . . ...... . .. .. . . . . . .
············· ······· ··················· ··-·····--- ___..,
---- . Ho-UOO • • - • OOOOOO • • · H · • · • · .... • .. -

(Total for Q~
,,,,,-
TOTAL FOR PAPER• ll