LIST OF FIGURES

Figure no Name of figures Page No.

Figure 1.1 Logo of BSNL 1

Figure 2.1 How Line Reaches From Subscriber To Exchange 5

Figure 2.2 Main Distribution Frame 7

Figure 2.3 Block diagram of telephone exchange 9

Figure 3.1 Block Diagram of digital switch 10

Figure 3.2 C-DOT Rax 12

Figure 3.3 C-DOT Architecture 13

Figure 5.1 Working of broadband 18

Figure 5.2 Core router 18

Figure 5.3 Digital subscriber line access multiplexer 20

Figure 5.4 Asymmetric digital subscriber line 20

Figure 5.5 Broadband Connection 22

Figure 6.1 Optical Fiber Transmission 26

Figure 6.2 Propagation of light through fiber 27

Figure 7.1 Cell phone and Base stations 30

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CHAPTER CONTENTS PAGE NO.
NO.
CERTIFICATE I
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT II
LIST OF FIGURES III

Chapter-1 INTRODUCTION TO BSNL 1

1.1 BSNL 1

1.2 Management of BSNL 2

1.3 Company Profile 3

1.4 Achievements of BSNL 4

1.5 Departments visited 4

Chapter-2 TASKS PERFORMED 5

2.1. Call Setup 5

2.1.1 Electronic Exchange 6

2.2 Carrier Room 6

2.2.1 Conventional leased line system 6

2.2.2 Managed leased line network 6

2.3 Main Distribution Frame 7

2.3.1 Functions of MDF 7

2.3.2 Construction of MDF 7

2.4 Power plant 8

2.5 How telecom exchange works 8

2.6 Engine and Alternator 9

2.7 OMC 9

2.8 Switch 9
Chapter-3 SWITCHING 10

3.1 Introduction to Switching 10

3.2 C-DOT 11

Chapter-4 LEASED LINES 14

4.1 Introduction to Leased lines 14

4.2 Drawbacks of traditional leased line circuits 14

4.3 MLLN 14

Chapter-5 BROADBAND 16

5.1 Broadband services 16

5.2 Working of broadband 18

5.3 Features of broadband 21

5.4 Wire line broadband technologies 21

5.4.1 ADSL 21

5.4.2 DSL 23

5.4.3 IDSN 24

5.4.4 BPL 24

5.5 Applications of broadband 25

Chapter-6 OPTICAL FIBER TRANSMISSION SYSTEM 26

6.1 Introduction 26

6.2 Architecture of Fiber 26

6.3 Classification of optical fiber 27

6.4 Advantages of optical fiber 27

Chapter-7 MOBILE COMMUNICATION 29

7.1 Generations 29

7.2 How call is connected 31

Chapter-8 REFLE CTIONS 33

CONCLUSION 34

REFERENCES 35
 ACRONYMS
[1] PAN-Personal area network

[2] BSNL-Bharat Sanchar Nigam Limited

[3] PSU-Public Sector Undertaking

[4] LSA-Local Service Area

[5] SSAs-Secondary Switching Areas

[6] WLL-Wireless local loop

[7] ISO-International service organization

[8] PSTN-Public Switching Telecommunication Network

[9] BSC-Base Switching Centre

[10] MSC-Main Switching Centre

[11] MTSO-Mobile Telephone Switching Office

[12] BTS-Base Transceiver Station

[13] MLLN- Managed leased line network

[14] MDF- Main Distribution Frame

[15] OMC- Operation and Maintenance terminal

[16] MDD-Magnetic Disk Drive

[17] MTD-Magnetic Tape Drive

[18] PCM-Pulse code modulation

[19] C-DOT- Centre for Development of Telematics

[20] MLLN-Managed Leased Line Network

[21] NMS-Network management system

[22] NIB-Network Internet Backbone

[23] BNG- Broadband Network Gateway

[24] DSLAM -Digital Subscriber Line Access Multiplexer

[25] RPR-Resilient Packet Ring

[27] ADSL-Asymmetric digital subscriber line

[28] ISDN-Integrated Services Digital Network

[29] BPL-Broadband over power lines

[30] PLC-Power line communications

[31] MMS-Multimedia Messaging Service

[32] UMTS-Universal Mobile Telecommunication Services

[33] EDGE-Enhanced Data Rates for GSM Evolution

[34] GSM-Global System for Mobile Communication

[35] SID-Shared Information and Data model

[36] MTSO-Mobile Telephone Switching Office

 VISVESVARAYA TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY
BELAGAVI - 590018, KARNATAKA

AN INTERNSHIP REPORT
ON

"TELECOMMUNICATION AND OFC NETWORK"

SUBMITTED IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE AWARD OF THE DEGREE
OF

BACHELOR OF ENGINEERING
In
ELECTRONICS AND COMMUNICATION
Submitted by

CHITHRA K 1SJ16EC121

Under the guidance of

Prof. RAVI KIRAN R
Assistant Professor
Dept of ECE

DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRONICS AND COMMUNICATION

ENGINEERING
S J C INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY
CHICKBALLAPUR-562101
2019-2020
 SJC INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY
CHICKBALLAPUR-562101
(Affiliated to Visvesvaraya Technological University, Belagavi, Karnataka)

DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRONICS AND COMMUNICATION ENGINEERING

CERTIFICATE

This is to certified that CHITHRA K bearing USN 1SJ16EC121 has satisfactorily completed
internship entitled “TELECOMMUNICATION AND OFC NETWORK” in partial
fulfillment of the requirements as prescribed by the Visvesvaraya Technological University,
Belagavi for VIII semester, Bachelor of Engineering in Electronics and Communication
Engineering and submitted this report during academic year 2019-2020.

--------------------------- ----------------------------- --------------------------------

Signature of the Guide Signature of the HOD Signature of the Principal

Prof. Ravi kiran R Dr. B.N. Shobha Dr. K.M. Ravikumar
Assistant Professor HOD Prof & Principal
Dept. of ECE, SJCIT Dept. of ECE, SJCIT Dept. of ECE, SJCIT

External examiner Internal examiner

------------------------------- --------------------------------

------------------------------- ---------------------------------

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 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
The satisfaction and euphoria that accompany successful completion of any task
would be incomplete without the mention of people who made it possible, whose constant
guidance and encouragement crowned my efforts with success.

I consider it a privilege to express my gratitude and respect to all those who guided
me in the completion of this Internship training.

I express my deep sense of sincere gratitude to his holy soul Parama Poojya
Jagadguru Padma Bhushan Sri Sri Sri Dr. Balagangadharanatha Mahaswamiji, for his Blessings.

I express my deep sense of sincere gratitude to Parama poojya Jagadguru Sri Sri Sri
Dr. Nirmalanandanatha Mahaswamiji, President, Adichunchanagiri Mahasamsthana Mutt.

First and foremost I would like to express my heartfelt gratitude and sincere thanks to
Dr. K.M. Ravikumar, Principal, SJCIT, CHICKBALLAPUR for providing me the facilities.

I sincerely convey out thanks to Dr. B.N. Shobha, HOD, Dept. of Electronics and
Communication Engineering, SJCIT who adhered my request and granted permission to
undertake this Internship training.

I am extremely thankful to my Internship guide, Ravi kiran R, Assistant Professor,

Dept. of Electronics and Communication Engineering for his valuable guidance and support.

I am extremely thankful to my Internship guide Srinivas, Junior Telecom officer,

BSNL, Kolar for his valuable guidance and support.

I am grateful to Mr. Sridhar C.S, Assistant Professor,Dept.of Electronics and

Communication Engineering, for the guidance and moral support given to me at various stages to
complete my internship report.

I am extremely thankful to all my Professors,Dept.of Electronics and Communication

Engineering, for their valuable guidance and support.

Last but not the least I extend my sincere thanks to my beloved Parents and my
friends for their continuous support, inspiration and encouragement.

CHITHRA K. (1SJ16EC121)

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