ATENEO DE NAGA UNIVERSITY

College of Nursing

Pharmacology for Nurses

S/Y 2019-2020

DIETARY SUPPLEMENTS: Healthy or Unhealthy Substance?

(A Self-Instructional Module)

Submitted by:

JENNY ROSE T. ANIETE

BS Nursing RR12

Submitted to:

EMMA N. INTIA, RN, MAN, Ph.D.

Clinical Instructor
DIETARY SUPPLEMENTS: Healthy or Unhealthy Substance?

II. INTRODUCTION

Having a good and proper nutrition is one of the most important necessities of an

individual, in order to grow and facilitate activities of daily living. The foods that we eat everyday

contain the nutrients that are essential in our body. Basically, these nutrients serve as the fuel to

power our bodies and enabled it to function. However, most of us have different routines that we

follow. Some of us may need to have a greater amount of energy. Usually, our diets aren’t enough

to satisfy the nutritional demands of our body. In such case, one may benefit from taking dietary

supplements. These are products that is being added to a regular diet with the purpose of meeting

an individual’s dietary requirements, which are based on age, gender, physical activity and health

concerns. The primary goal of this module is to provide the readers with in-depth information

related to dietary supplements, as well as to have full grasps about the topic through the

discussion and set of activities specified along with this module. This would come up with a

framework for evaluating dietary supplement safety and protecting the health of consumers.

Having enough knowledge and understanding of the subject matter will bring about substantial

factor in one’s life.

Learning Objectives:

At the end of this module, the learners will be able to:

1. Define and explain dietary supplements;

2. Recognize and give examples of dietary supplements;

3. Understand how dietary supplements affect our body;

4. Describe safety risk when taking dietary supplements; and

5. Discuss considerations of taking dietary supplements.

DIETARY SUPPLEMENTS: Healthy or Unhealthy Substance?

III. INSTRUCTION TO THE USERS

This self-instructional module serves as a medium of guidance and information that

would cater the needs of learner, and at the same time to raised sense and insight about dietary

supplements. This includes the concepts and discussion, self-evaluation test, and learning

activities that will help you in every part of the development of knowledge. This was designed for

you to follow a step by step learning process in which you will have to answer the test provided,

for you to have better understanding of the topic. This is to evaluate how much you have learned

and what areas of the learning process still needs improvement. Most importantly, I look forward

that you will appreciate reading this module and gain something from it.

IV. PRE-TEST

1-3. Give at least three variety forms of dietary supplement.

4. What is the federal agency that oversees both supplements and medications?

5. Who is the one responsible in having evidence that dietary supplements are safe?

6. What is the act that amends the Federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act to

establish standards with respect to dietary supplements?

7. What is dietary supplement that is being used in conditions related to heard and

blood system?

8. What are the two main forms of calcium dietary supplements?

9. What is the dietary supplement which is known in digesting food naturally and

may aid in weight loss?

10. Aside from ascorbic acid, what other form does Vitamin C dietary supplement

could be? Give at least one.

DIETARY SUPPLEMENTS: Healthy or Unhealthy Substance?

V. DISCUSSION OF TOPICS

What is Dietary Supplement?

Dietary supplements are products intended to supplement the diet. They are also

referred to as food supplements. They are not medicines and are not intended to treat, diagnose,

mitigate, prevent, or cure diseases. They include such ingredients as vitamins, minerals, herbs,

amino acids, and enzymes. Dietary supplements come in a variety of forms, including tablets,

capsules, gummies, and powders, as well as drinks and energy bars. They contain one or more

dietary ingredients (including vitamins; minerals; herbs or other botanicals; amino acids; and

other substances) or their constituents. Some popular supplements include vitamins D and B12;

minerals like calcium and iron; herbs such as echinacea and garlic; and products like glucosamine,

probiotics, and fish oils. A doctor’s prescription is not needed to buy dietary supplements.

Dietary Supplement and Health Education Act of 1994 (DSHEA)

It is an act to amend the Federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act to establish standards

with respect to dietary supplements, and for other purposes. Under this act, the manufacturers

and distributors of dietary supplements and dietary ingredients are prohibited from marketing

products that are adulterated or misbranded. That means that these firms are responsible for

evaluating the safety and labeling of their products before marketing to ensure that they meet all

the requirements of DSHEA and FDA regulations. FDA is responsible for taking action against any

adulterated or misbranded dietary supplement product after it reaches the market. It is the one

that manage both finished dietary supplement products and dietary ingredients.
DIETARY SUPPLEMENTS: Healthy or Unhealthy Substance?

Federal Regulation of Dietary Supplement

The FDA is the federal agency that oversees both supplements and medicines, but

the FDA regulations for dietary supplements are different from those for prescription or over-the-

counter medicines. Medicines must be approved by the FDA before they can be sold or marketed.

Supplements do not require this approval. Supplement companies are responsible for having

evidence that their products are safe, and the label claims are truthful and not misleading.

However, as long as the product does not contain a “new dietary ingredient” the company does

not have to provide this safety evidence to the FDA before the product is marketed.

Manufacturers must follow good manufacturing practices (GMPs) to ensure the

identity, purity, strength, and composition of their products. If the FDA finds a dietary supplement

to be unsafe, it may remove the product from the marketplace or ask the manufacturer to

voluntarily recall the product.

Popular Dietary Supplements

1. FISH OIL (Omega-3 Fatty Acids)

Fish oil can be obtained from eating fish or by taking supplements. Fish that are

especially rich in the beneficial oils known as omega-3 fatty acids include mackerel,

herring, tuna, salmon, cod liver, whale blubber, and seal blubber. Two of the most

important omega-3 fatty acids contained in fish oil are eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and

docosahexaenoic acid (DHA). Women sometimes take fish oil to prevent painful

periods; breast pain; and complications associated with pregnancy such as miscarriage

(including that caused by a condition called antiphospholipid syndrome), high blood

pressure late in pregnancy, early delivery, slow infant growth, and to promote infant

development.
DIETARY SUPPLEMENTS: Healthy or Unhealthy Substance?

Side effects of omega-3 supplements are usually mild. They include unpleasant

taste, bad breath, bad-smelling sweat, headache, and gastrointestinal symptoms such

as heartburn, nausea, and diarrhea. Omega-3 supplements may interact with drugs

that affect blood clotting. If you’re allergic to fish or shellfish, consult your health care

provider before taking omega-3 supplements.

2. GARLIC

Garlic is an herb that is grown around the world. It is related to onion, leeks,

and chives. It is thought that garlic is native to Siberia, but spread to other parts of the

world over 5000 years ago. Currently, garlic is used as a dietary supplement for many

purposes in many conditions related to the heart and blood system. These conditions

include high blood pressure, low blood pressure, high cholesterol, inherited high

cholesterol, coronary heart disease, heart attack, reduced blood flow due to narrowed

arteries, and "hardening of the arteries" (atherosclerosis). Garlic has been tried for

treating an enlarged prostate (benign prostatic hyperplasia; BPH), cystic fibrosis,

diabetes, osteoarthritis, hay fever (allergic rhinitis), traveler's diarrhea, high blood

pressure late in pregnancy (pre-eclampsia), yeast infection, flu, and swine flu.

The side effects associated to garlic include bad breath and body odor,

heartburn, and upset stomach. These side effects can be more noticeable with raw

garlic. Some people have allergic reactions to garlic.

3. GINSENG
Ginseng is among the leading dietary supplements and functional foods that

possess active immune modulation potential. It has tremendous role in boosting

immunity against cancer, bacterial and viral infections and autoimmune diseases.

Ginsenosides and polysaccharides are among the important constituent of ginseng that
DIETARY SUPPLEMENTS: Healthy or Unhealthy Substance?

has immune boosting properties. Standardized product of ginseng with proper dosage

warrants very mild or no adverse events. Ginseng or derivatives has potentials to be

developed into novel functional food based immune therapeutic agent.

The most common side effects of ginseng are headaches, sleep problems, and

digestive problems. Some evidence suggests that ginseng might affect blood sugar and

blood pressure. If you have diabetes or high blood pressure, consult your health care

provider before using ginseng.

4. GREEN TEA

Green tea contains caffeine as well as plant compounds called catechins,

including epigallocatechins-3-gallate (EGCG). The hot, herbal drink is known to digest

food naturally and may aid in weight loss. Along with other innumerable health benefits,

green tea has gradually become one of the most preferred everyday detox beverages.

Current uses of green tea as a beverage or dietary supplement also include improving

mental alertness, and relieving digestive symptoms.

Too much caffeine can make people feel jittery and shaky; interfere with sleep;

and cause headaches.

5. ECHINACEA

Echinacea is used as a dietary supplement for the common cold and other

infections, based on the idea that it might stimulate the immune system to more

effectively fight infection. Echinacea preparations have been used topically (applied to

the skin) for wounds and skin problems. For most people, short-term oral (by mouth)

use of echinacea is probably safe; the safety of long-term use is uncertain.

DIETARY SUPPLEMENTS: Healthy or Unhealthy Substance?

The most common side effects of echinacea are digestive tract symptoms, such

as nausea or stomach pain. Some people have allergic reactions to echinacea, which

may be severe.

6. GINGER

Ginger is a tropical plant that has green-purple flowers and a fragrant

underground stem (called a rhizome). It is widely used as a flavoring or fragrance in

foods, beverages, soaps, and cosmetics. Today, ginger is used as a dietary supplement

for post-surgery nausea; nausea caused by motion, chemotherapy, or pregnancy;

rheumatoid arthritis; and osteoarthritis. Ginger, when used as a spice, is believed to be

generally safe. In some people, ginger can have mild side effects such as abdominal

discomfort, heartburn, diarrhea, and gas.

Some experts recommend that people with gallstone disease use caution with

ginger because it may increase the flow of bile.

7. PEPPERMINT OIL

The herb peppermint, a natural cross between two types of mint (water mint

and spearmint), grows throughout Europe and North America. Both peppermint leaves

and the essential oil from peppermint have been used for health purposes. Today,

peppermint is used as a dietary supplement for irritable bowel syndrome (IBS), other

digestive problems, the common cold, headaches, and other conditions. Peppermint oil

is also used topically (applied to the skin) for headache, muscle aches, itching, and

other problems. Peppermint leaf is available in teas, capsules, and as a liquid extract.

Peppermint oil is available as liquid solutions and in capsules, including enteric-coated

capsules.
DIETARY SUPPLEMENTS: Healthy or Unhealthy Substance?

Excessive doses of peppermint oil can be toxic. Possible side effects of

peppermint oil include allergic reactions and heartburn. Capsules containing

peppermint oil are often enteric-coated to reduce the likelihood of heartburn. If enteric-

coated peppermint oil capsules are taken at the same time as antacids, the coating can

break down too quickly.

8. CALCIUM

Calcium is found in many multivitamin-mineral supplements, though the amount

varies by product. Dietary supplements that contain only calcium or calcium with other

nutrients such as vitamin D are also available. The two main forms of calcium dietary

supplements are carbonate and citrate. Calcium carbonate is inexpensive, but is

absorbed best when taken with food. Calcium citrate, a more expensive form of the

supplement, is absorbed well on an empty or a full stomach. In addition, people with

low levels of stomach acid (a condition more common in people older than 50) absorb

calcium citrate more easily than calcium carbonate. Other forms of calcium in

supplements and fortified foods include gluconate, lactate, and phosphate.

9. VITAMIN C

Vitamin C, also known as ascorbic acid, is a water-soluble nutrient found in some

foods. Most multivitamins have vitamin C. Vitamin C is also available alone as a dietary

supplement or in combination with other nutrients. The vitamin C in dietary

supplements is usually in the form of ascorbic acid, but some supplements have other

forms, such as sodium ascorbate, calcium ascorbate, other mineral ascorbates, and

ascorbic acid with bioflavonoids. Research has not shown that any form of vitamin C is

better than the other forms.

DIETARY SUPPLEMENTS: Healthy or Unhealthy Substance?

Taking too much vitamin C can cause diarrhea, nausea, and stomach cramps.

In people with a condition called hemochromatosis, which causes the body to store too

much iron, high doses of vitamin C could worsen iron overload and damage body

tissues.

10. ST. JOHN’S WORT

St. John’s wort is a plant with yellow flowers that has been used in traditional

European medicine as far back as the ancient Greeks. The name St. John’s wort

apparently refers to John the Baptist, as the plant blooms around the time of the feast

of St. John the Baptist in late June. Currently, St. John’s wort is most often used as a

dietary supplement for depression. People also use it as a dietary supplement for other

conditions, including menopausal symptoms, attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder

(ADHD), and obsessive-compulsive disorder. Taking St. John’s wort with certain

antidepressants or other drugs that affect serotonin, a substance produced by nerve

cells, may lead to increased serotonin-related side effects, which may be potentially

serious. It may cause increased sensitivity to sunlight. Other side effects can include

anxiety, dry mouth, dizziness, gastrointestinal symptoms, fatigue, headache, or sexual

dysfunction.

11. GINKGO

It is one of the oldest living tree species in the world, has a long history in

traditional Chinese medicine. Today, the extract from ginkgo leaves is used as a dietary

supplement for many conditions, including dementia, eye problems, intermittent

claudication (leg pain caused by narrowing arteries), tinnitus, and other health

problems. Ginkgo is made into tablets, capsules, extracts, tea, and cosmetics.
DIETARY SUPPLEMENTS: Healthy or Unhealthy Substance?

Side effects of ginkgo may include headache, stomach upset, and allergic skin

reactions. If you’re older, have a known bleeding risk, or are pregnant you should be

cautious about ginkgo possibly increasing your risk of bleeding.

12. TURMERIC

Turmeric, a plant in the ginger family. Today, turmeric is promoted as a dietary

supplement for a variety of conditions, including arthritis, digestive disorders,

respiratory infections, allergies, liver disease, depression, and many others. Turmeric

dietary supplements are made from the dried rhizome and typically contain a mixture

of curcuminoids.

Turmeric may be unsafe for use during pregnancy in amounts greater than

those commonly found in food. Little is known about whether it’s safe to use turmeric

in amounts greater than those commonly found in food while breastfeeding.

13. VITAMIN D

Vitamin D is a nutrient found in some foods that is needed for health and to

maintain strong bones. It does so by helping the body absorb calcium (one of bone’s

main building blocks) from food and supplements. Vitamin D is found in supplements

(and fortified foods) in two different forms: D2 (ergocalciferol) and D3 (cholecalciferol).

Both increase vitamin D in the blood.

Too much Vitamin D can result to toxicity. Signs include, nausea, vomiting, poor

appetite, constipation, weakness, and weight loss. And by raising blood levels of

calcium, too much vitamin D can cause confusion, disorientation, and problems with

heart rhythm. Excess vitamin D can also damage the kidneys.

DIETARY SUPPLEMENTS: Healthy or Unhealthy Substance?

14. IRON

Iron is a mineral that the body needs for growth and development. Your body

uses iron to make hemoglobin, a protein in red blood cells that carries oxygen from the

lungs to all parts of the body, and myoglobin, a protein that provides oxygen to

muscles. Your body also needs iron to make some hormones. Iron is available in many

multivitamin-mineral supplements and in supplements that contain only iron. Iron in

supplements is often in the form of ferrous sulfate, ferrous gluconate, ferric citrate, or

ferric sulfate.

Iron can be harmful if you get too much. In healthy people, taking high doses

of iron supplements (especially on an empty stomach) can cause an upset stomach,

constipation, nausea, abdominal pain, vomiting, and fainting. High doses of iron can

also decrease zinc absorption. Extremely high doses of iron (in the hundreds or

thousands of mg) can cause organ failure, coma, convulsions, and death. Child-proof

packaging and warning labels on iron supplements have greatly reduced the number

of accidental iron poisonings in children.

15. GLUCOSAMINE

Glucosamine is structural components of cartilage, the tissue that cushions the

joints. It is produced naturally in the body. It is also available as dietary supplements.

Glucosamine may interact with the anticoagulant (blood-thinning) drug warfarin

(Coumadin). A study showed that long-term use of moderately large doses of

glucosamine might damage the kidneys. It also might affect the way your body handles

sugar, especially if you have diabetes or other blood sugar problems, such as insulin

resistance or impaired glucose tolerance.

DIETARY SUPPLEMENTS: Healthy or Unhealthy Substance?

Health and Safety Risk of Dietary Supplement

Some supplements can help assure that you get enough of the vital substances the

body needs to function; others may help reduce the risk of disease. But supplements should not

replace complete meals which are necessary for a healthful diet – so, be sure you eat a variety

of foods as well. Many supplements contain active ingredients that have strong biological effects

in the body. This could make them unsafe in some situations and hurt or complicate your health.

For example, the following actions could lead to harmful – even life-threatening – consequences.

• Combining supplements

• Using supplements with medicines (whether prescription or over-the-counter)

• Substituting supplements for prescription medicines

• Taking too much of some supplements, such as vitamin A, vitamin D, or iron

• Some supplements can also have unwanted effects before, during, and after

surgery. So, be sure to inform your healthcare provider, including your

pharmacist about any supplements you are taking.

Some dietary supplements may harm you if you have a particular medical condition

or risk factor or are taking certain prescription or over-the-counter medications. For example, the

herbal supplement St. John’s wort makes many medications less effective. Many dietary

supplements (and some prescription drugs) come from natural sources, but “natural” does not

always mean “safe.”

Dietary supplements have become very popular in recent years as consumers have

become more interested in leading healthier lives. Looking for certified supplements takes the

guesswork out of choosing a safe product that contains only what’s on the label. These tips can

help you make a more educated choice and find the supplement that’s right for you.
DIETARY SUPPLEMENTS: Healthy or Unhealthy Substance?

Things to Consider when Purchasing Dietary Supplement

Do’s

✓ Do seek a medical opinion

Some supplements can interact with prescription medication or even have

negative effects on recovery from surgery. So, before you head over to the

supplement aisle, make sure to consult with your physician so you can

understand which supplements are best suited for you and your health.

✓ Do look for certification

Certification by an independent third-party organization, such as NSF

International, can help bring you peace of mind about the safety of the

supplement.

✓ Do read the label carefully

Labels on dietary supplements must include the following information:

statement of identity; net quantity of contents; directions for use; a supplement

facts panel, listing serving size, amount and active ingredients; other

ingredients in descending order of predominance; and the name and place of

business of the manufacturer, packer or distributor.

✓ Do take the recommended dose

Always follow the manufacturer's daily recommended dosage - more isn't

always better. If a manufacturer says to take two capsules per day, that's all

you should take. If you take multiple supplements, check to see if you are

getting the same ingredient from multiple sources to make sure you don't

exceed the recommended daily allowance for any individual ingredient.

DIETARY SUPPLEMENTS: Healthy or Unhealthy Substance?

Don’t

✓ Do not fall for catch phrases

Though many supplements claim to be “all natural,” the phrase “all

natural” is not an official term that is regulated by the federal government, so

it doesn’t offer any guarantee as to a product’s safety. Also, beware of phrases

such as “pharmaceutical strength” because there is no such thing as

pharmaceutical strength for over-the-counter supplements.

✓ Don’t purchase supplements with expiration dates close to the date of purchase

Though the FDA does not require supplements to have expiration dates,

manufacturers that can support the date claim with data add it to their products

as a customer service. Expired supplements can lose their potency, rendering

them worthless.

✓ Do not use supplements as a replacement for a healthy diet or exercise

Supplements are not a quick fix for an unhealthy lifestyle or a way to solve

medical problems. Remember their value is right there in the name—they

supplement your overall health instead of replacing old-fashioned methods of

staying healthy.

VI. LEARNING ACTIVITIES

After the discussion, the learner is expected to answer a crossword puzzle. This will

help in improving the learner’s vocabulary, as well as improves mental health. This activity also

aims to evaluate how much the learner gained during the discussion.
DIETARY SUPPLEMENTS: Healthy or Unhealthy Substance?

Dietary Supplements Crossword Puzzle

Use the clues below to fill in the crossword puzzle with the correct words.

Across
3. Ginsenosides and polysaccharides are among the important
constituent of this dietary supplement,
8. Products that are intended to supplement the diet.
9. It is also known as Omega-3 fatty acid.
Down
1. It is widely used as a flavoring or fragrance in foods.
2. It is the more expensive form of calcium supplement.
4. Dietary supplement for the common cold.
5. It is known to digest food naturally and may aid in weight loss.
6. The act that amends the Federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act to
establish standards with respect to dietary supplements
7. Structural component of cartilage.
10. A dietary supplement often known as a form of ferrous sulfate.
DIETARY SUPPLEMENTS: Healthy or Unhealthy Substance?

VII. SUMMARY

▪ Dietary supplements are products intended to supplement the diet. They are also referred

to as food supplements.

▪ Dietary supplements come in a variety of forms, including tablets, capsules, gummies, and

powders, as well as drinks and energy bars.

▪ Dietary Supplement and Health Education Act of 1994 (DSHEA) is an act to amend the

Federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act to establish standards with respect to dietary

supplements, and for other purposes.

▪ FDA regulates dietary supplements under a different set of regulations than those covering

"conventional" foods and drug products.

▪ The FDA is the federal agency that oversees both supplements and medicines, but the

FDA regulations for dietary supplements are different from those for prescription or over-

the-counter medicines.

▪ Supplements do not require approval from FDA for it to be sold in the market.

▪ Manufacturers must follow good manufacturing practices (GMPs) to ensure the identity,

purity, strength, and composition of their products.

▪ Some Popular Dietary Supplement includes:

o FISH OIL (Omega-3 Fatty Acids)

o GARLIC

o GINSENG

o GREEN TEA

o ECHINACEA

o GINGER

o PEPPERMINT OIL
DIETARY SUPPLEMENTS: Healthy or Unhealthy Substance?

o CALCIUM

o VITAMIN C

o ST. JOHN’S WORT

o GINKGO

o TURMERIC

o VITAMIN D

o IRON

o GLUCOSAMINE

▪ Some supplements can help assure that you get enough of the vital substances the body

needs to function; others may help reduce the risk of disease. But supplements should

not replace complete meals which are necessary for a healthful diet.

▪ Some dietary supplements may harm you if you have a particular medical condition or risk

factor or are taking certain prescription or over-the-counter medications.

▪ Things to Consider when Purchasing Dietary Supplement

(Do’s and Don’ts)

o Do seek a medical opinion

o Do look for certification

o Do read the label carefully

o Do take the recommended dose

o Do not fall for catch phrases

o Don’t purchase supplements with expiration dates close to the date of purchase

o Do not use supplements as a replacement for a healthy diet or exercise

DIETARY SUPPLEMENTS: Healthy or Unhealthy Substance?

VIII. MATERIALS AND VISUALS

Fish Oil

Garlic

Ginseng
DIETARY SUPPLEMENTS: Healthy or Unhealthy Substance?

Green Tea

Echinacea

Ginger
DIETARY SUPPLEMENTS: Healthy or Unhealthy Substance?

Peppermint Oil

Calcium

Vitamin C
DIETARY SUPPLEMENTS: Healthy or Unhealthy Substance?

St. John’s Wort

Ginkgo

Turmeric
DIETARY SUPPLEMENTS: Healthy or Unhealthy Substance?

Vitamin D

Iron

Glucosamine
DIETARY SUPPLEMENTS: Healthy or Unhealthy Substance?

IX. SELF-CHECK TEST AND EVALUATION

Now that you have completed this module, you can assess how well you have
learned the topic by answering the questions below. Read the questions carefully
and encircle the letter of your answer.

1. The following statement is TRUE, except?

a. Dietary Supplement are intended to supplement the diet.
b. Dietary supplement comes in a variety of forms.
c. A doctor’s prescription is needed to buy dietary supplement.
d. Dietary supplement can contain one or more dietary ingredients.
2. It is the act that amends the Federal Food, Drug and Cosmetic Act to establish standards
with respect to dietary supplement and for other purposes.
a. FDA
b. DSHEA
c. DHA
d. EPA
3. Which of the following is correct?
a. FDA regulation for dietary supplement is similar from those for prescription or
over-the-counter medicines.
b. Dietary supplement does not require FDA approval for it to be sold in the market.
c. The FDA is the federal agency that oversees both supplements and medicines.
d. Both b and c
4. What does manufacturers must follow in order to ensure identity, purity, strength and
composition of their product?
a. New dietary ingredient
b. Marketing strategy
c. Good Manufacturing Practice (GMPs)
d. None of these
5. What is most important omega-3 fatty acids contained in fish oil?
a. EPA and DHA
b. ALA and EPA
c. DHA and ALA
d. None of these
DIETARY SUPPLEMENTS: Healthy or Unhealthy Substance?

6. What is not a side effect of omega-3 supplement?

a. Unpleasant taste
b. Headache
c. Diarrhea
d. Anorexia
7. It is thought that garlic is native in what country?
a. Siberia
b. Vietnam
c. Philippines
d. Netherlands
8. It is the dietary supplement which has potential to be developed into novel functional
food based immune therapeutic agent.
a. Turmeric
b. Ginseng
c. Ginger
d. Garlic
9. It is the main form of calcium in dietary supplements which is inexpensive.
a. Citrate
b. Gluconate
c. Carbonate
d. Phosphate
10. In what year does the Dietary Supplement and Health Education Act was enacted?
a. 1974
b. 1984
c. 1994
d. 2004
11. Too much amount of this dietary supplement can cause confusion, disorientation, and
problems with heart rhythm.
a. Iron
b. Vitamin D
c. Glucosamine
d. St. John’s Wort
DIETARY SUPPLEMENTS: Healthy or Unhealthy Substance?

12. Combining supplement can lead to?

a. Getting enough vital substance that the body needs.
b. Reducing the risk in disease.
c. Life-threatening consequences
d. Both a and b
13. Why do you need to inform your healthcare provider, including your pharmacist about
any supplement that you are taking?
a. For them to advice you to stop taking the supplement.
b. For them to prescribed another supplement.
c. Because some supplement has unwanted effects before, during and after
surgery.
d. Both b and c
14. Many supplements contain active ingredient that have strong ___________ effects in
the body.
a. Biological
b. Chemical
c. Physical
d. Positive
15. The following are things that need to be considered when buying dietary supplement,
except?
a. Do seek a medical opinion.
b. Do take the recommended dose.
c. Do use as a replacement for a healthy diet and exercise.
d. Do not fall for catch phrases.
DIETARY SUPPLEMENTS: Healthy or Unhealthy Substance?

X. REFERENCES:

• National Institute of Health. Dietary Supplement Fact Sheets (July 11, 2019). Retrieved
July 8, 2020 from https://ods.od.nih.gov/factsheets/list-all/#
• JAMA Internal Medicine. Vitamins and Nutritional Supplements: What Do I Need to
Know? (December 1, 2018) Retrieved July 8, 2020 from https://jamanetwork.com/
journals/ jamainternalmedicine/fullarticle/2720139
• The National Academics of Sciences Engineering Medicine. Dietary Supplement: A
Framework for Evaluating Safety (2005) Retrieved July 9, 2020 from https://www.nap.
edu/read/10882/chapter/3
• VeryWellFit. Introduction to Dietary Supplement Use (2020) Retrieved July 9, 2020 from
https://www.verywellfit.com/introduction-to-dietary-supplement-use-88292
• U.S Food and Drug Administration. What You Need to Know about Dietary Supplements
(2017) Retrieved July 9, 2020 from https://www.fda.gov/food/buy-store-serve-safe-
food/what-you-need-know-about-dietarysupplements#:~:text=
Dietary%20supplements%20 include%20such% 20 ingre-dients,
gelcaps%2C%20powders%2C%20and%20liquids.
DIETARY SUPPLEMENTS: Healthy or Unhealthy Substance?

Note:
* Answer for the questions in the Learning Activities:
ACROSS
3. Ginseng
8. Dietary Supplement
9. Fish Oil
DOWN
1. Ginger
2. Citrate
4. Echinacea
5. Green Tea
6. DSHEA
7. Glucosamine
10. Iron

*Answer for question in Self-Check Test and Evaluation

1. C
2. B
3. D
4. C
5. A
6. D
7. A
8. B
9. C
10. C
11. B
12. C
13. C
14. A
15. C