Social Media Surprise test

Q1. How social media data is different from normal data. Explain the same with reference of nodes
and relations.

Ans1. The main idea or statement here is that we can always use nodes and relations to classify our
social media data source like comments, clicks, likes, shares, dislikes.

But in normal data like sales and income statement of a company we cannot use nodes and relations
to analyse the data and have a meaningful insight.

A social network is a constellation of nodes and links. A node is fundamental unit of any network.
Examples of nodes include a user on Twitter, Facebook, Instagram, or a blog. A link on social media
is a connection between two nodes. A few examples include a “friendship” between two Facebook
users, a follow relation between two Twitter users, a reply of one user in a discussion forum to a
message posted by another. A network captures interconnected groups of nodes. When the domain
of interaction is a social media space, these social connections create social media networks.

Social network analysis is nothing but mapping and measure of relationships and flows between
individuals, groups, organizations, and different connected information entities. The nodes in the
network measure the individuals and teams whereas the links show relationships or flows between
the nodes. A positive edge between 2 nodes denotes a positive relationship (friendship, alliance,
dating) and a negative edge between 2 nodes denotes a negative relationship (hatred, anger).

Evaluating nodes importance within the network is a vital analysis topic within the fields of
complicated networks, social network analysis and graph-based data processing. Its basic plan is that
every node within the network will be viewed as a fabric particle that creates a possible field around
itself and therefore the interaction of all nodes forms a topological field over the network. By process
and computing the topological potential score of every node, we will acquire a a lot of correct
international ranking which might replicate nodes importance within the network. the idea and
experimental results on toy and real-world networks indicate that once every node solely influences its
neighbors, the topological ranking is according to the degree ranking; once the influence reaches the
diameter of the network, the topological ranking is getting ready to the closeness ranking this point.
Hence, this technique not solely provides a general framework for a few classic ranking measures,
however is additionally able to acquire associate degree correct ranking of significant nodes by
optimizing correlative parameters, which might reveal the position variations of topology.

Basic Difference: -

 Social media reaches a maximum audience hence the data source has a large scale, while
traditional media audience is more targeted.
 Social media is versatile i.e. once the data is published, you can make changes even after that,
whereas traditional media, once published, is unchangeable.
 Social media is immediate, while traditional can be delayed due to press times. Same applies
with the data.
 Social media is a two-way conversation, and traditional is one-way.

Q2. Describe scales of measurement with suitable examples.

Ans2. In Statistics, the numbers are categorised using different scales of measurements. Each
level of measurement scale has properties that determine the use of statistical analysis. There
are four different scales of measurement. The data can be defined as being one of the four
scales.

 Nominal Scale
 Ordinal Scale
 Interval Scale
 Ratio Scale

 Nominal Scale:
A nominal scale is the 1st level of measurement scale. A nominal scale deals with the non-
numeric variables that do not have any value. A nominal scale variable is classified into two
or more categories. In this measuring mechanism, the ordering of scheme is not possible.

Example-

 Number given to a runner in a race.

 Social security number.

 Ordinal Scale:
The ordinal scale is the 2nd level of measurement that tells the ranking of data without
reporting the degree of variation between them. Ordinal represents the order and is known as
qualitative data or categorical data. It can be grouped, named and also ranked. The ordinal
scale shows the relative ranking of the variables. Along with the information provided by the
nominal scale, ordinal scales give the rankings of those variables.

Example:

 Ranking of school students – 1st, 2nd, 3rd, etc.

 Rank order of runners in a race

 Degree of agreement
o Agree
o Neutral
o Disagree

 Interval Scale:

The interval scale is the 3rd level of measurement scale. It is defined as a quantitative
measurement scale in which the difference between the two variables is meaningful. In other
words, the variables are measured in an exact manner, where the presence of zero is
arbitrary. The interval scale is quantitative as it can quantify the difference between the
values.

Example- Temperature of 3 metals were 300F, 350F, 600F. Here, note that two times of
300F in not the same as 600F.

 Ratio Scale:
The successor of interval scale which includes zero as the starting point. It doesn’t have
negative numbers, because of its zero-point feature. Ratio scale has unique and useful
properties. One feature is that it allows unit conversions like kilogram – calories, gram –
calories, etc.

Example- Product A costs Rs 1000 and product B costs Rs 2000. Here product B is twice as
costly as product A.