Raboi 1

Aaron Raboi
Professor Thames
ENC1102
18, September 2020

Annotated Bibliography

Carter, Alison, et al. “Perspectives on Effective Coaching by Those Who Have Been Coached.”

International Journal of Training and Development​, vol. 21, no. 2, June 2017, pp. 73–91.

EBSCOhost​,

search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=eric&AN=EJ1140655&authtype=shib&site=e

host-live&scope=site.

Unlike most of my other sources, this source does not include a study and collect

statistics. This article does not come up with a conclusion and try to make a claim, rather it

provides different points of views on different styles of coaching from the people actually being

coached. Different factors such as the relationship between coaches and those being coached.

Another statistic that was measured was where the coaches come from, in terms of location and

organization, and how they got into coaching. All of these are different factors that could affect

the effectiveness of the coach and their coaching style with the athletes following them.

This source is the most unlike my other sources, but helps add in a great view on what

makes a coach a good coach that helps their athletes. A lot of these skills that lead to being a

good coach may only be able to be obtained by learning and gaining experience within the

coaching field. Along with my other sources, this source will help add in a different view on how

experience may help with coaching ability, but on how the correct experience will really help in

developing into a good coach that can get results from their athletes.
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Desai, Farzanah, and Tim Seaholme. “Examining the Impact of Strength and Conditioning

Internships on Exercise and Sport Science Undergraduate Students.” ​International Journal of

Work-Integrated Learning​, vol. 19, no. 1, Jan. 2018, pp. 81–91. ​EBSCOhost,​

search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=eric&AN=EJ1179834&authtype=shib&site=e

host-live&scope=site.

“Examining the Impact of Strength and Conditioning Internships on Exercise and Sports

Science Undergraduate Students” focuses on how different internships and their impacts on

exercise and sports science undergraduate students. The results of this study showed that the

internships did help provide the undergraduate students with valuable skills that will help them

later on in their professional jobs within the strength and conditioning field. All the participants

were split into different groups and were each different internship experiences still within the

sports and conditioning field. In addition, this source talks about the relationship between the

interns and the supervisors added to a new level. To the value of the experience A positive

relationship between the intern and supervisor was shown as a positive in terms of the skills

developed due to the internship.

While this source is similar to “The Impact of Work-Integrated Learning Experiences on

Attaining Graduate Attributes for Exercise and Sports Science Students” it still features different

aspects that the other ones fail to have. One example is how these internships were more directly

related to strength and conditioning which means that they are a lot more related to both

programming workouts and training athletes. The added information about the interaction

between the interns and supervisors is also very valuable to the experience argument.
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Hall, Melinda, et al. “The Impact of Work-Integrated Learning Experiences on Attaining

Graduate Attributes for Exercise and Sports Science Students.” ​Asia-Pacific Journal of

Cooperative Education,​ vol. 18, no. 2, Jan. 2017, pp. 101–13. ​EBSCOhost​,

search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=eric&AN=EJ1151149&authtype=shib&site=e

host-live&scope=site.

“The Impact of Work-Integrated Learning Experiences on Attaining Graduate Attributes

for Exercise and Sports Science Students” evaluates the importance of work-integrated learning

experiences in graduate students. The goal of the source was to identify how work-integrated

learning or field work affects the acquiring of graduate skills or employability skills. The study

examined the experiences of different students within exercise and sports science to study the

development of graduate skills. In the end the study showed that participants claimed that they

gained three of the four graduate skills through work-integrated learning. While there may be a

slight bias towards wanting to show that the work-integrated studies did help develop these

graduate skills, there is still value in the results of the study.

When combined with the rest of my sources in the bibliography, this source helps add a

view from the experience side of things. Since I am comparing the value of experience versus the

value of scientific studies in exercise and sports science, especially in programming and working

out, this source helps add support to help the claims of experience being more valuable. Since it

follows different graduate studies in Australia and their experiences in work-integrated learning
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it helps add support that experience within exercise and sports science is more important than

what scientific studies claim based off of a bunch of numbers and graphs.

Marangoz, Irfan, and Dede Bastürk. “The Relationship among Somatotype Structures, Leg

Volume, Leg Mass, Anaerobic Strength and Flexibility of Elite Male Athletes in Different

Branches.” ​Journal of Education and Training Studies,​ vol. 6, no. 7, July 2018, pp. 130–137.

EBSCOhost​,

search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=eric&AN=EJ1183490&authtype=shib&site=e

host-live&scope=site.

This source differs from my other sources as it looks at the different strength and size

statistics of different athletes across six different sports. In addition to the different sports that the

athletes competed in the study also categorized the different body types of the athletes, such as

ectomorph, mesomorph, and endomorph. The study managed to collect several different statistics

including left leg volume, right leg volume, left leg mass, right leg mass, anaerobic levels, and

flexibility. The overall results showed that almost all the differences had gains in every area, but

different areas excelled in different areas. An example of this would be football players having

more gains in leg volume and leg mass when compared to gymnasts, but gymnasts had better

gains in flexibility than those football players.

This study can help show how different athletes across different sports require different

physical strengths or how the training for these sports help bring up certain physical attributes.

Different athletes require different attributes, so depending on what the goals of the athletes are

would determine what style of training and program would be best for them to reach their goals.
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This would help explain why different information would be needed to be able to write a proper

program for the athlete to reach their goal.

Milton, Katherine, et al. “Comparison of Strength Gains in Untrained College-Age Females

Using Free Weights and Freemotion Machines.” ​Physical Educator​, vol. 75, no. 1, Jan. 2018, pp.

37–49. ​EBSCOhost​,

search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=eric&AN=EJ1171154&authtype=shib&site=e

host-live&scope=site.

This source compares the pre and post training 1-rep maxes of college-aged females

before and after a workout program. Twenty different college-age females were split into two

different groups and were given two different programs, one dumbbell only workout plan and

one freemotion machine only workout plan. The results of this study did not show a massive

difference in strength gains between the two different programs. While there weren’t many

biases in this study there were a few downfalls in the experiment. The main downfalls of this

experiment was that there was no monitoring of the workouts and that there was no videos or

EMG data. With no monitoring of the workouts there was no proof that the participants were

pushing in the workouts. The lack of videos and EMG data means that we also have no proof of

proper muscle activation or proper range of motion in the exercises.

This source is a good example of a scientific study that people would go based off of

when programming. It is experiments like this one that people use as gospel when writing

programs. If the EMG data or an experiment claims one method to be the best then the people
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will take it as the truth. When combined with the rest of my sources, this source adds evidence

towards the science based argument.

Özbay, Serhat. “The Effects of Different Types of Strength Training for Recreational Purposes

on the Body Composition and Strength Development of University Students.” ​Asian Journal of

Education and Training​, vol. 5, no. 2, Jan. 2019, pp. 381–385. ​EBSCOhost​,

search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=eric&AN=EJ1224696&authtype=shib&site=e

host-live&scope=site.

This source compares two different types of strength training, CrossFit and resistance

training, and how they affect strength. The study that was conducted concluded that both styles

of training, CrossFit and resistance training, showed strength drains. The main difference shown

between the two styles was that CrossFit training took a lot less time to do during the workouts.

The main way the source managed to judge strength gains was by calculating pre workout plan

training max and post workout plan training max. The biggest benefit of this study was that all of

the training done within the study was done under the surveillance of the research scientists.

Many other studies do not check on the participants to make sure that they are performing the

exercises correctly or with enough intensity.

When used in conjunction with the rest of my sources I think this source will add a good

point of view since it is more directly related to different styles of training rather than machinery.

When it comes to programming what type of program, such as circuit or conjugate, is a very

important step that can determine what attributes will be worked on the most. Overall the
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information this source provides differs from the other sources that explain the scientific study

side of the argument.

Across all my sources I have a good balance of articles that support and provide evidence

towards the science based studies and sources that support the importance of experience in the

coaching and programming field. The main source that will end up combining all of my sources

and allow me to piece them together would be an interview with a respected coach and

programmer. My goal is to try and interview the owner of my gym who is an all time world

record powerlifter and has written his own training methods which has shown results across

multiple different athletes. If I am able to get this interview then I will be able to piece all of my

sources together with relative ease. In the case I am not able to get this interview I will still be

able to piece my sources together. I can try to ask other coaches for an interview to get their

views on the importance of science based studies versus experience with coaching. In the end

though I have enough sources that support both sides of the argument. While this is not really an

argument of which style or source is more important it is an argument on which is valued more

and should be used as the primary source when it comes to programming. There is a whole

community that focuses purely on scientific studies and uses the studies as their primary resource

when it comes to programming. On the other hand, there is a community, primarily composed of

older lifters, who go based off of trial and error as a very important resource in how they

program. These lifters will try something and depending on their results that they achieve will

determine whether they view it as valid. In the end, I feel like what is going to make this paper
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easy or difficult would depend on whether or not I can get this interview. If I can’t then I will

have to reevaluate and choose another path to execute the paper.