LTE Network Planning Introduction

Security Level:
LTE Radio Network

Planning Introduction
www.huawei.com
HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD. Huawei Confidential
PDF created with pdfFactory Pro trial version www.pdffactory.com

Agenda
1 LTE RNP Overview
2 LTE RNP Dimensioning
3 LTE Co-location Solution
4 LTE Deployment Strategy
HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD. Huawei Confidential Page 2

Huawei LTE Radio Network Planning Main Steps
Dimensioning
Inputs: Coverage, Capacity & Preplanning

Service Requirement
Outputs: eNodeB coverage
radius and site numbers
based on capacity calculation
Inputs: Calculated coverage radius, digital Detailed Planning

map and subscriber distribution information
Outputs: Preliminary eNodeB numbers
Inputs: Coverage target and site survey result

Outputs: Actual site location and engineering parameters

Detail LTE Radio Network Planning
Agreement n Coverage area (Dense urban, Urban, Suburban )

achieved by n Quality objective (QoS criteria)
Preparation n Capacity requirement (Subscriber, traffic model)
the operator n Link budget parameters (Penetration loss, Propagation model)
and Huawei
Huawei deliver
n Link budget The output of
nBackground Interference Test (optional) n Capacity dimensioning
dimensioning is
n Propagation model tuning (optional) n Site numbers/configuration
n Cell radius in each morphology important criteria to
n Network development solution assess RNP solution
n Site location/ RF parameters configurations

n Search ring specifications The operator provides:
n prediction & Simulation Nominal
Naming conventions
n Cluster definition for project management Planning Existing sites information
n Site survey/candidate site search

n Neighbor cell configuration
Detailed Planning nCell parameters configuration Network Deployment
n Algorithm configuration

LTE RNP Output Overview
Input Output
Site Type
Coverage Requirement
-- Coverage Area
-- Polygon Definition
Power/Channel
-- Cell Edge Throughput
-- Coverage Probability
…
eNodeB Number
Capacity Requirement
-- Frequency bandwidth Active Users
-- Subscriber forecast
-- Traffic Model
… S1&X2 Throughput

Agenda
1 LTE RNP Overview
Coverage Dimensioning
Capacity Dimensioning
Active User Dimensioning
S1&X2 Dimensioning

LTE Radio Network Dimensioning Flow
Start
Coverage
Link Budget
Requirement
Cell Radius
Capacity
Requirement
Satisfy Capacity No Adjust eNodeB

Requirement? Number
Yes
Active User/S1&X2
Dimensioning
eNodeB
Amount&Configuration
End

Agenda
1 LTE RNP Overview
S1&X2 Dimensioning

LTE Coverage Dimensioning Flow
n Aim of coverage dimensioning
- to obtain the cell radius
- to estimate eNodeB number for coverage requirement
Start
Link Budget
Propagation
Cell Radius
Model
eNodeB Coverage Area
Total Coverage Area/

eNodeB Coverage Area
eNodeB Number
End

LTE Link Budget Procedure – Uplink
Tx
Power Other Gain Slow fading margin
Gain
UE Antenna Gain Margin
Interference margin
Loss
Body Loss
Penetration Loss
EIRP
Power level
Max. Allowed Path Loss
Path Loss
Cable Loss Rx
Sensitivity
BTS Ant Gain
Link segments

LTE Link Budget Procedure – Downlink
Other Gain Slow fading margin Gain

Tx
Power Margin
Cable Loss Loss
Interference margin
BTS Ant
Max. Allowed Path Loss
Gain
EIRP Objective: Max.

Power level
Path Loss Allowed Path Loss
Rx
Penetration Loss Sensitivity
Body Loss
UE Ant Gain
Link segments

Coverage Comparison b/w HSPA+ and LTE
Downlink Cell Edge Throughput Comparison
n LTE 2.6G has much better coverage in
8000
7056 DL than HSPA+ 2.1G; But HSPA+ 2.1G
Cell Edge Throughput(kbps)
7000
has better coverage in UL than LTE
6000
2.6G.
5000
4000
3634 n LTE can reuse existing 3G sites, no
2690 2528 additional LTE alone sites are required
3000
2000 1397
at the beginning of LTE deployment.
1024
643 512
1000 256 Uplink Cell Radius Comparison
HSPA+2.1G@5MHz 0 0.67
0.90(km) 0.56(km) 0.36(km) 0.7
LTE2.6G@5MHz 0.59
Cell Radius 0.6
LTE2.6G@20MHz
0.49
0.5 0.46 0.46
0.41 0.41
Cell Radius(km)
0.4 0.35 0.35
0.3
0.2
0.1
HSPA+2.1G@5MHz 0
LTE2.6G@5MHz 128kbps 256kbps 512kbps
LTE2.6G@20MHz Cell Edge Throughput

Agenda
1 LTE RNP Overview
S1&X2 Dimensioning

LTE Capacity Dimensioning Flow
Start
Configuration Cell Average

Analysis Throughput Calculation
Traffic Model Subscribers Supported

Analysis per Cell
eNodeB Number
(initialized by Coverage Dimensioning)
Satisfy Capacity No Adjust eNodeB

Total Subscribers
Requirement? Number
Yes
eNodeB Number
End

LTE Cell Average Throughput Calculation
Input Output
Scenario Parameters
－ Morphology
－ Sectorization
－ Bandwidth
…
MC Parameters
－ snapshot numbers Cell Average
－ Schedule Strategy
… Throughput
MonteCarlo
Cell Parameters Simulation
－ Carrier Frequency
－ Carrier power
…

LTE Cell Average Throughput
n LTE 2600MHz Cell Average Throughput with different bandwidth
Cell Average Throughput Peak Throughput（Multi-users）
Frequency Bandwidth Scenario
DL(Mbps) UL(Mbps) DL(Mbps) UL(Mbps)
Urban 8.173 4.715 43 39
5MHz
Suburban 6.266 3.342 43 39
Urban 16.918 9.761 86 55
10MHz
Suburban 12.971 6.918 86 55
2600MHz
Urban 25.546 14.739 129 126
15MHz
Suburban 19.587 10.446 129 126
Urban 34.344 19.814 172 165
20MHz
Suburban 26.332 14.044 172 165
n Capacity comparison with different frequency band

LTE Cell Average Throughput (Urban)
Frequency Band (MHz) Bandwidth (MHz) DL (Mbps) UL (Mbps)
2600 20 34.344 19.814
1800 20 34.719 21.675
800 20 35.218 24.704

Capacity Comparison b/w HSPA+ and LTE
UL Cell Average Throughput(Mbps)
20.00
15.00
10.00
5.00
0.00
HSUPA 10ms HSUPA 2ms HSUPA 16QAM LTE 5 MHz LTE 10MHz LTE 20MHz
DL Cell Average Throughput(Mbps)

LTE 20MHz
35.00
30.00
25.00
HSPA+ HSPA+ HSPA+ LTE 10MHz
20.00 (64QAM) (DC+64QAM)
(MIMO+64QAM)
15.00 HSPA HSPA+ HSPA+ LTE 5MHz
(16QAM) (MIMO) (DC+16QAM)
10.00
5.00
0.00

Traffic Model Analysis
UL DL
Traffic Parameters Bearer Rate PPP Session PPP Session Bearer Rate PPP Session PPP Session
BLER BLER
(Kbps) Time(s) Duty Ratio (Kbps) Time(s) Duty Ratio
VoIP 26.90 108 0.6 1% 26.90 108 0.6 1%
Video Phone 62.53 36 1 1% 62.53 36 1 1%
Video Conference 62.53 1800 1 1% 62.53 1800 1 1%
IMS Signalling 15.63 7 0.2 1% 15.63 7 0.2 1%
Web Browsing 62.53 1800 0.05 1% 250.11 1800 0.05 1%
File Transfer 140.69 600 1 1% 750.34 600 1 1%
P2P file sharing 250.11 1200 1 1% 750.34 1200 1 1%
Busy Hour Throughput Per User (bps)

User Behavior Traffic Penetration Ratio BHSA
UL DL
Video Conference 0.00% 0.2 6316 6316
IMS Signalling 0.00% 5 31 31
Web Browsing 100.00% 0.4 632 2526
File Transfer 20.00% 0.2 4737 25264
Email 10.00% 0.2 395 632
P2P file sharing 20.00% 0.4 33685 101055
Total - - 8355 27853
Traffic Model varies from different operators which is mainly used to

calculate Busy Hour Throughput per User.

Traffic Model Comparison b/w LTE and UMTS
Standard UMTS Traffic Model Standard LTE Traffic Model

Service type Unit UL Throughput DL Throughput Unit Value
Voice Erl/BH 0.0400 0.0400 VOIP mErl/BH 40
CS64 Erl/BH 0.000320 0.000320 Video Phone mErl/BH 10
PS64 Kbit/BH 460.80 69.12 Other PS Traffic Kbps 50
PS128 Kbit/BH 0.00 1105.92 Total UL Traffic Kbps 11.27
PS384 Kbit/BH 0.00 207.36 Total DL Traffic Kbps 41.27
CS over HSPA Erl/BH 0.0000 0.0000
VoIP over HSPA Erl/BH 0.0000 0.0000
HSPA Kbit/BH 5299.20 15897.60
n UMTS traffic model is much more complex than that of LTE because there are many
kinds of CS and PS services in UMTS.
n There are only PS services (even VOIP and Video Phone) in LTE so that LTE traffic
model can be very simple;

LTE Capacity Dimensioning Case Study
Step 1 DL Cell Average Capacity a 34.344Mbps/cell Assumptions:

• S111
• 20MHz
Step 2 Designed DL Cell Loading b 50% Cell loading assumed
• 20kbps per user
in DL
Step 3 Designed DL Cell Capacity c = a x b =17.127Mpbs • Peak to Average
Ratio 20% in BH
Step 4 Peak to Average Ratio d 20%
Step 5 Average DL BH Throughput/sub. e 20kbps
Step 6 Sector number per site f 3 sectors
Step 7 Subscribers supported in a site g = c * f / (1+d)/e = 2140 subscribers

Agenda
1 LTE RNP Overview
S1&X2 Dimensioning

Active User Definition
§ Active users is also called RRC-Connected Users which refer to the users having a RRC
connection with the network
§ Directly influences eNodeB quotation and controlled by software license
PPP
Session • BHCA: Busy Hour Session
Data call (session) WWW Data call (session) WWW
time Attempt
RRC_Connected • PPP Time: Duration of PPP
(Active User) Session
RRC
RRC1 RRC2 RRC3 • Ratio of RRC to PPP:
time
RRC_Idle Percentage of RRC during
one PPP session
Packet2 • Number of User: Number of
Packets
Packet1 Packet3
users using service i
time
Number _ ActiveUser _ i = BHSA * PPP _ Session _ Time * RatRrcToPPP * Number _ User / 3600
Total _ Number _ ActiveUser = ∑ Number _ ActiveUser _ i * Percentage _ Service _ i
i

Active User Dimensioning Case Study
User Parameter DL UL
Ave
Ave data
data
PPPTime Percenta RatRrcT RatPack RatRrcT RatPack rate in
scene UE Type BHCA rate in
(s) ge oPPP ToRrc oPPP ToRrc packet(k
packet(
bps)
kbps)
Handset 1.4 300 70% 1 0.4 128 1 0.4 128
Dense Urban Data Card 2.5 300 20% 0.8 0.8 500 0.8 0.5 100
Wireless DSL 1 2400 10% 0.9 0.8 300 0.9 0.3 100
Handset 1.3 80 50% 1 0.4 50 1 0.4 50
Urban Data Card 2 300 30% 0.8 0.8 220 0.4 0.8 100
Wireless DSL 0.8 1800 20% 0.6 0.7 300 0.3 0.7 100
Dense Urban Urban

Parameter DL UL DL UL
=Min (Total number of Subscribers /
Throughput/User/BH (kbps) 31.9 7.6 17.4 3.6 Total number of eNodeBs, maximum
number of subscribers in one Site 398 800 subscribers supported considering
Num Active User 70 82 traffic requirement)
Active Ratio 0.18 0.10

Ave data rate /Active User (kbps) 181.5 43.5 169.8 34.8

Active User Dimensioning Case Study
Traffic
PPP Session RatRrcToP
User Behavior Penetration BHSA Active Time
Time(s) PP
Ratio
VoIP 100.00% 1 108 1 108.00
Video Phone 100.00% 1 36 1 36.00
Video Conference 0.00% 0.2 1800 1 0.00
Real Time Gaming 0.00% 0.2 1800 0.8 0.00
Streaming Media 0.00% 0.2 3600 0.8 0.00
IMS Signalling 0.00% 5 7 0.8 0.00
Web Browsing 100.00% 0.4 1800 0.8 576.00
File Transfer 20.00% 0.2 600 0.8 19.20
Email 10.00% 0.2 50 0.8 0.80
P2P File Sharing 20.00% 0.4 1200 0.8 76.80
Active Time per Subscriber - - - - 816.80

Active Factor per Subscriber - - - - 0.23
Max. Subscriber Number Supported per Site - - - - 860.00
Actual Subscriber Number per Site - - - - 135.00
Active User Number per Site - - - - 30.63

Agenda
1 LTE RNP Overview
S1&X2 Dimensioning

S1&X2 Interface of LTE
2G/3G: Legacy Architecture LTE: Flat Architecture
MSC/SGSN/GGSN
BSC RNC
BTS BTS NodeB NodeB

S1&X2 Dimensioning Case Study (1)
Traffic
TrafficRatio
RatioofofUL
UL==
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Traffic
TrafficRatio
RatioofofDL
DL==
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1/(1+4) = 20% 4/(1+4) = 80%

1) Uplink and downlink busy hour data
BH
Data
Data
Traffic/Subs.
Traffic/Subs.
(UL)(UL)
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Data Traffic/Subs. (UL) BH
DataData
Data Traffic/Subs.
Traffic/Subs.
Traffic/Subs. (DL)(DL)
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(DL)
traffic volume per subscriber is ==Data
Data
= BH
Traffic
Traffic
Data
of
of all QCItype/Subs.
all QCI type/Subs.
Traffic/Sub.*Traffic
**
Ratio of UL
==Data
=BHData
Data
Traffic
Trafficof
of all QCItype/Subs.
all QCI type/Subs.
Traffic/Subs.*Traffic
*
Ratio *of DL
Traffic
TrafficRatio
RatioofofULUL Traffic
TrafficRatio
RatioofofDLDL
25kbps = 25kbps * 20% =5kbps = 25kbps * 80% = 20kbps
2) Traffic data ratio for uplink and

downlink is 1:4
Data Traffic Throughput/Subs. In Mac Data Traffic Throughput/Subs. In Mac
3) Peak to average traffic ratio is 1.2 layer layer
= Data Traffic/Subs *ER = Data Traffic/Subs *ER
4) Number of subscribers per eNodeB = 5 * 1.37 = 6.85(UL) = 20 * 1.37 = 27.4kbps(DL)
is 1000 Traffic Peak Ratio = 1.2

T_UL_Data Traffic/Subs. T_DL_Data Traffic/Subs.
5) Assuming IPV4 and IPsec with = 6.85*1.2 = 8.22kbps = 27.4*1.2 = 32.88kbps
tunnel mode is used for IP over Subs/Site = 1000
Ethernet transmission
T_UL_user plane/site T_DL_user plane/site
6) Assuming the packet size is 300 = T_UL_Data Traffic/Subs. * Subs/site = T_DL_Data Traffic/Subs. * Subs/site
= 8.22 * 1000 = 8.22Mbps = 32.88 * 1000 = 32.88Mbps
bytes which means the ER is 1.37
T_Total_user plane/site
= T_UL_user plane/site + T_DL_user plane/site
= 8.22 + 32.88 = 41.1Mbps

S1&X2 Dimensioning Case Study (2)
Control Plane
T _ control plane = T _ Total _ user _ Plane / Site * 2 = 41.1* 2% = 0.82Mbps
S1 Bandwidth
T _ S1 / Site = T _ control _ Plane / Site + T _ Total _ user _ plane / Site = 0.82 + 41.1 = 41.92 Mbps
X2 Bandwidth
T _ X 2 / Site = T _ S1 / Site * 3% = 41.92 * 3% = 1.26Mbps

Comparison between Iub and S1 Bandwidth
Iub Bandwidth S1 Bandwidth

Input Iub Dimensioning Output Input S1 User Plane Output
Subscribers
Dimensioning
Subs per NodeB CS Iub Bandwidth
Iub Bandwidth Uplink and

PS Iub Bandwidth downlink
CS Traffic
Voice Traffic data Traffic per Throughput at
VP Traffic subs. Mac layer/Subs.
GoS Requirements HSPA Iub S1 user Plane
Bandwidth Throughput
Extension Ratio
PS Traffic (ER)
PS64 Throughput
PS128 Throughput
Bandwidth for Peak
PS384 Throughput Traffic Throughput at
Peak to
PS Retransmission Mac layer/Subs.
Average Ratio
Common Channel
Bandwidth
HSPA Traffic
Signalling Subscribers
Peak
Bandwidth Per
Throughput at
eNodeB
Mac layer/Site
O&M Bandwidth
IubTotal = Max [ IubCS _ Peak , ( IubPS + IubCS _ Average + IubHSPA )] S 1 = T _ user plane + T _ control plane
+ IubSignalling + IubCCH + IubO& M = (1 + 2%) * T _ user plane

Agenda
1 LTE RNP Overview

LTE Co-location General Consideration
Ø Co-existing Systems Interference
Guard band & isolation requirement
Ø Installation Space
Ø Tower Load
Ø Impact on existing network
Coverage performance, optimization
Ø Civil Work & Maintenance
Ø Cost
Reuse & replacing
Ø etc…

Typical Co-location Scenario - Separate Antenna & Feeder
Just taking Advantages

Single-band
wide-band 2600 ü No impact on the performance of
for example (K80010541) existing network.
ü Independent tilt and azimuth,
independent network planning
and optimization.
Disadvantages
ü Require more installation space
for both antenna and feeder.
ü Require higher tower load.
ü Too many antennas, causing
vision pollution.
Recommendation
ü The highest priority of
LTE
2G/3G 2G/3G consideration
2600
Existing equipments
Existing 2G/3G 2G/3G + LTE New equipments

Page 32
Typical Co-location Scenario - Separate Antenna, Shared Feeder
Advantages
Single-band ü Reusing existing feeder, no need
2600 additional space for new feeder.
(K80010541) ü Independent tilt and azimuth,
independent network planning
and optimization.
Disadvantages
ü Require more antenna installation
Combiner is
required. space and higher tower load.
ü Additional diplexer cost.
ü Additional diplexer loss, negative
impact on existing network
ü Too many antennas, causing vision
pollution.
Recommendation
ü Applicable to impossible
2G/3G
2G/3G LTE additional feeder
Existing equipments

Page 33
Typical Co-location Scenario - Shared Antenna, Separate Feeder
Multi-band Advantages
without interior ü No need additional space for
combiner new antenna .
(K80010544/ ü No or Small impact on
K80010622)
performance of existing network.
Disadvantages
ü Require more feeder installation
space.
ü Replacing new antenna.
ü Independent tilt but same azimuth,
partly independent network planning
and optimization.
Recommendation
ü New antenna should keep same
beam width and gain for least
2G/3G LTE negative impact on existing

2G/3G
network.
Existing equipments

Page 34
Typical Co-location Scenario - Shared Antenna & Feeder (1)
Multi-band Advantages
without interior ü No need additional space for
combiner new antenna and feeder.
(K80010544/ ü Reusing existing feeder.
K80010622)
Disadvantages
ü Replacing new antenna.
ü Independent tilt but same azimuth,
partly independent network planning
Combiner is and optimization.
required.
ü Additional diplexer cost and loss,
negative impact on existing network.
Recommendation
beam width for least negative
impact on existing network.
2G/3G ü RRU installed near the antenna.

2G/3G LTE
ü Thicker feeder (optional).
Existing equipments

Page 35
Typical Co-location Scenario - Shared Antenna & Feeder (2)
Advantages
Wide-band ü No need additional space for
(K80010621) new antenna and feeder.
ü Reusing existing feeder.
Disadvantages
ü Replacing new antenna or existing
antenna is wide band.
Combiner is
required. ü Same tilt & azimuth, impossible
independent network planning and
optimization.
ü Additional diplexer cost and loss,
negative impact on existing network.
Recommendation
beam width for least negative
impact on existing network.
2G/3G 2G/3G LTE
ü It ‘s not recommended if other
solution is applicable.
Existing equipments

Page 36
Agenda
1 LTE RNP Overview

LTE Multi-band Deployment Strategy
High frequency for

Throughput
capacity enhancement
Low frequency for nation

wide coverage
Area
Urban/Hot Spot Suburban Rural/Remote

l GSM900, GSM1800 l GSM900, GSM1800 l GSM900, GSM1800
l UMTS2100 l UMTS2100 l UMTS2100
l LTE2600, LTE1800 l LTE1800 l LTE900
Initiate LTE 2600, refarm GL1800/900 from urban to rural

LTE Multi-band Deployment Strategy
Shifting Voice
Traffic to LTE
Shifting DATA Shifting Voice

Traffic to LTE Traffic to UMTS
Year X Year X+1 Year X+2 Year X+3

LTE Deployment Strategy Case
Phase Year X Year Y Year Z
Deployment
Strategy
Extend to all Suburban area and

Continuously cover Dense Urban Continuously cover all cities in
Rural/Desert populated spots, as
area and some hotspots in Urban Urban area. Perform optimization
Description area such as CBD, malls, resorts, and introduce indoor DAS based
well as highway to cover whole
country. Continue optimization
VIP area, Rich area and so on. on existing coverage area.
and indoor DAS coverage.
Number of
a b c
Sites

Thank you
www.huawei.com

LTE Network Planning Introduction

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LTE Radio Network

HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD. Huawei Confidential

PDF created with pdfFactory Pro trial version www.pdffactory.com

1 LTE RNP Overview

2 LTE RNP Dimensioning

3 LTE Co-location Solution

4 LTE Deployment Strategy

HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD. Huawei Confidential Page 2

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Inputs: Coverage, Capacity & Preplanning

Inputs: Calculated coverage radius, digital Detailed Planning

Inputs: Coverage target and site survey result

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Agreement n Coverage area (Dense urban, Urban, Suburban )

n Site location/ RF parameters configurations

n Site survey/candidate site search

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1 LTE RNP Overview

2 LTE RNP Dimensioning

Active User Dimensioning

3 LTE Co-location Solution

4 LTE Deployment Strategy

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Satisfy Capacity No Adjust eNodeB

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1 LTE RNP Overview

2 LTE RNP Dimensioning

Active User Dimensioning

3 LTE Co-location Solution

4 LTE Deployment Strategy

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eNodeB Coverage Area

Total Coverage Area/

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Other Gain Slow fading margin Gain

EIRP Objective: Max.

Path Loss Allowed Path Loss

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LTE2.6G@20MHz Cell Edge Throughput

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1 LTE RNP Overview

2 LTE RNP Dimensioning

Active User Dimensioning

3 LTE Co-location Solution

4 LTE Deployment Strategy

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Configuration Cell Average

Traffic Model Subscribers Supported

Satisfy Capacity No Adjust eNodeB