Electrical Importance in Developing Country

ELECTRICAL/ELECTRONIC/TELECOM/POWER
ENGINEERING PROJECT TOPICS
DESIGN AND CONSTRUCTION OF TEMPERATURE

CONTROL AUTOMATIC SWITCH : This
project is titled design and construction of a temperature control
automatic switch. It is designed to control electric
appliances such as electric kettle, oven, incubator, or lamp
through the variation of temperature range (0°C -100°C)
which must be set by the user or operator. And this can be
achieved by the use of temperature sensor known as
THERMISTOR. This thermistor is a temperature control device
with a high....{read more and download full
material}
0002]. DESIGN AND CONSTRUCTION OF AN
OSCILLATING STAGE OF A 3.5KVA INVERTER : An
oscillator is an electronic device that converts dc power supply
to ac power having the desired characteristics. Power
inverters come in a wide variety of power capacities and they
are distinguished primarily by the wave shape (sine or
cosine, square and others as shown in the figure 2) of the
alternating current they produced from the oscillator
employed....{read more and download full material}
0003]. FOOT STEP POWER GENERATION USING
PIEZOELECTRIC SENSOR:This work is on foot step
power generation using piezoelectric sensor. In this foot step
power generation project is designed to convert foot
step, walking and running energy into electrical energy. It is
used to generate electricity from by walking or running
on foot step. The demand of electrical energy is increasing day
by day. But power generation conventional resources
are now not enough for total demand of electrical energy.
Therefore many researchers and engineers are working on
non conventional ways of electrical power generation. Foot step
power generation system is also a non conventional
electrical energy production system. It converts mechanical
energy of foot steps into electrical energy by using
transducers. It can be implemented on roads, bus stations and
many public places. Foot step power generation system
basically converts force energy of foot into electrical energy by
using piezoelectric sensor. Piezoelectric sensor is
transducer which converts force energy into electrical energy....
{read more and download full material}
0004]. DESIGN AND CONSTRUCTION OF SMART
STREET LIGHTING SYSTEM USING ULTRASONIC
SENSOR : Generally, street lights are switched ON for whole
night and during the day, they are switched off. But
during the night time, street lights are not necessary if there is no
traffic. Saving of this energy is very important
factor these days as energy resources are getting reduced day by
day. Alternatives for natural resources are very less
and our next generations may face lot of problems because of
lack of these natural resources. Smart street lighting
system works automatically to regulate light intensity, the
operating time and detect objects....{read more and
download full material}
0005]. DESIGN AND CONSTRUCTION OF A
BLUETOOTH SPEAKER UNIT: Bluetooth stereo audio
system
—one that’s also fairly low-cost—for outdoor use. This device
provide the easiest way to play music off
your smartphone to a speaker unit. The system, which maintains
20-WRMS output power, can be controlled either
with a handset containing a Bluetooth connection and a music
player or with an Apple iPod model. Bluetooth
technology, created in the late 1990s, is widely used to establish
a short-range wireless connection between two
handheld mobile devices. A Bluetooth setup also makes it
possible to transfer a stereo audio signal from a handheld
device to a speaker unit . Today’s Bluetooth headsets operate
under the Bluetooth Class 2 specification with 2.5-mW
(4 dBm) transmission power. A Bluetooth Class 2 module’s
transmission range extends to about 10 meters....{read
more and to download full material}
0006]. DESIGN AND CONSTRUCTION OF A 12 VOLTS
AUTHOMATIC BATTERY CHARGER WITH
BATTERY FULL CUT-OFF AND DIGITAL DISPLAY :
This project is on a 12 volts automatic battery charger
with charging progress and charging level indicator. An
automatic battery charger is an acid battery charger that is
designed to charge any acid battery....{read more and download
full material}
0007]. DESIGN AND CONSTRUCTION OF A 1KM
TRANSMITTER: An FM transmitter is an electronic device
which, with the aid of an antenna, produces radio waves. The
transmitter itself generates a radio frequency alternating
current, which is applied to the antenna. When excited by this
alternating current, the antenna radiates radio waves....
{read more and download full material}
0008]. DESIGN AND CONSTRUCTION OF AN FM
TRANSMITTER:An FM transmitter is an electronic device
which, with the aid of an antenna, produces radio waves. The
transmitter itself generates a radio frequency alternating
current, which is applied to the antenna. When excited by this
alternating current, the antenna radiates radio waves.
Frequency modulation (FM) transmitter generates the radio
waves by varying the radio signal’s frequency slightly.
FM transmitter is basically a VHF colipits oscillator capable of
transmitting sound or music to any standard FM
receiver. The circuit works on a D.C source which makes it for a
pure rectification. FM transmitter also has a
capacitor microphone which picks up very weak sound signals.
This FM transmitter was designed using transistors
and other component such resistor, inductor and capacitors. This
project transmits frequency on 100MHz± 5%. The
transmitting distance is l00metres. It is powered with 9volts D.C
battery using suitable F.M receiver tuned to the
transmitting frequency of this project. F.M Transmitter can be
used as cordless microphones, mobile phone and for
public address purposes. The distant of transmission is limited to
100m and fixed frequency of transmission, away
from all other radio station. This gives best range and least
interference. The antenna is attached to the outside of the
transmitter, as in portable devices such as cell phones, walkie-
talkies, and garage door openers. In more powerful
transmitters, the antenna may be located on top of a building or
on a separate tower, and connected to the transmitter
by a feed line, that is a transmission line....{read more and
0009]. DESIGN AND CONSTRUCTION OF A 0-30 VDC
AUTOMATIC REGULATED POWER SUPPLY
WITH USB:This project work is on design of a variable power
supply. This work makes it possible for someone that
wants to run, say a 3v radio with a power supply without using 2
* 1.5AA battery or powering any other device of
higher or lower voltage rating without considering buying a new
power supply.
This device supplies different level of electric energy to an
electrical load. The primary function is to supply different
regulated voltage to loads that fall at the same rating limit say 0-
30vdc...{read more and download full material}
0010]. DESIGN AND CONSTRUCTION OF A 1. 5A 35
VOLT DC REGULATED POWER SUPPLY:Power
supply is an electronic device that supplies electric energy to an
electrical load. The primary function of a power
supply is to convert one form of electrical energy to another.
This project is 1.5A 35V regulated power supply. It is a
small power supply that provides a regulated voltage, adjustable
between 1.5 and 35 volts at 1 ampere. The system is
built around LM317 ic. This circuit is thermal overload
protected because the current limiter and thermal overload
protection are included in the IC....{read more and download
full material}
0011]. CONSTRUCTION AND INSTALLATION OF 1.5
HORSE POWER OF WINDOW UNIT AC :Window
unit air conditioners are installed in an open window. The
interior air is cooled as a fan blows it over the evaporator.
On the exterior the heat drawn from the interior is dissipated
into the environment as a second fan blows outside air
over the condenser. A large house or building may have several
such units, permitting each room to be cooled
separately...{read more and download full material}
0012]. DESIGN AND CONSTRUCTION OF A 1.5 KVA
SOLAR GENERATOR:This work is on design and
construction of a 1.5KVA solar energy generator. Solar energy
generator and also be called solar inverter. Solar
energy generator converts the variable direct current (DC)
output of a photovoltaic (PV) solar panel into a utility
frequency alternating current (AC) that can be fed into a
commercial electrical grid or used by a local, off-grid
electrical network. It is a critical component in a photovoltaic
system, allowing the use of ordinary AC-powered
equipment...{read more and download full material}
0013]. THE DESIGN AND CONSTRUCTION A 1.5KVA
AUTOMATIC VOLTAGE STABILIZER: This project
is titled the design and construction of a 1.5kva Automatic
Voltage Stabilizer. It is designed to meet up with the AC
voltage safety, stability and accuracy demand in industries and
in homes. Voltage stabilizers are useful in devices such
as computer Power supplies, alternators and central power
station generator plants, voltage regulators control the
output of the plant. In an electric power distribution system,
voltage regulators may be installed at a substation or
along distribution lines so that all customers receive steady
voltage independent of how much power is drawn from
the line.An AC Automatic voltagestabilizer is designed to
automatically maintain a constant AC voltage level...{read
more and download full material}
0014]. DESIGN AND CONSTRUCTION OF A 1.5KVA
POWER INVERTER WITH DIGITAL DISPLAY
AND A REMOTE CONTROL: This project is titled the
design and construction of a DC to AC inverter system. It is
designed to meet up with the power demand in the offices and in
homes in the absence ...{read more and download
full material}
MODIFIED SINE WAVE INVERTERS: Modified
Square Wave or step wave approximate a pure sine waveform.
The output of a modified square wave, quasi square, or
modified sine wave inverter is similar to a square wave output
except that the output goes to zero volts for a time
before switching positive or negative Modified sine wave
inverters are designed to satisfy the efficiency requirements
of the photovoltaic system while being less expensive than pure
sine waveform inverters. These inverters are capable
of operating a wide variety of loads; electronic and household
items including but not limited to TV, VCR, and
satellite receiver, computers, and printers...{read more and
0016]. DESIGN AND CONSTRUCTION OF A 2KM FM
TRANSMITTER : An FM transmitter is an electronic
device which, with the aid of an antenna, produces radio waves.
The transmitter itself generates a radio frequency
alternating current, which is applied to the antenna. When
excited by this alternating current, the antenna radiates
radio waves...{read more and download full material}
0017]. DESIGN AND CONSTRUCTION OF A PORTABLE
FM TRANSMITTER: A portable fm transmitter
which is also known as miniature FM transmitter is an electronic
device which, with the aid of an antenna, produces
radio waves and which it's transmissions can be picked up on
any standard FM radio. It has a range of up to 1/4-mile
(400 meters) or more, depending ....{read more and download
full material}
RANGE FM TRANSMITTER USING DISCRETE
COMPONENTS: An FM transmitter is an electronic device
which, with the aid of an antenna, produces radio
waves. The transmitter itself generates a radio frequency
excited by this alternating current, the antenna radiates radio
waves. FM transmitter is basically a VHF colipits
oscillator capable of transmitting sound or music to any standard
FM receiver. The circuit works on a D.C source
which makes it for a pure rectification. FM transmitter also has a
capacitor microphone which picks up very weak
sound signals, and discrete components such as: Transistor,
Diode, Resistor, Capacitor and Inductor. The distant of
transmission is limited to 30km and fixed frequency of
transmission, away from all other radio station. This gives
best range and least interference....{read more and download
full material}
0019]. MICROCONTROLLER BASED ELECTRICAL
APPLIANCES CONTROLLING SYSTEM USING
CELL PHONE:This device is design to monitor and control
electrical devices (Analog and Digital) remotely using
GSM modem/phone. The GSM modem provides the
communication mechanism between the user and the
microcontroller system by means of SMS messages. User can
control multiple electrical devices by sending suitably
formatted SMS message to the microcontroller based control
system. These SMS commands are interpreted by
microcontroller system and are validated. If the SMS command
received is valid then it takes the necessary action to
control the said devices...{read more and download full
material}
0020]. DESIGN AND CONSTRUCTION OF A GSM
BASED DEVICE MONITORING AND CONTROL
SYSTEM:This device is design to monitor and control electrical
devices (Analog and Digital) remotely using GSM
modem/phone. The GSM modem provides the communication
mechanism between the user and the microcontroller
system by means of SMS messages. User can control multiple
electrical devices by sending suitably formatted SMS
message to the microcontroller based control system. These
SMS commands are interpreted by microcontroller
system and are validated. If the SMS command received is valid
then it takes the necessary action to control the said
devices. This system also continuously monitors the status of
devices connected to it. If the status of any critical
device changes from ON to OFF or vice versa, then
microcontroller based system automatically sends the SMS
alerts
back to user. After completion of the command implementation
this system sends the confirmation messages back to
the calling user...{read more and download full material}
0021]. MEASURING POWER QUALITY OF A SYSTEM
:Electrical energy is a traded commodity that is
becoming more important every day; there is increasing demand
for continuous access to power (supply quality) and
disturbance free power (power quality). Today’s power
environments cover renewable energy production as.... [read
more to downlooad complete material]
TRANSFORMER TEMPERATURE MONITORING
WITH
AUTO CIRCUIT BREAKER ALARM : Temperature
monitoring system for power transformers submerged in oil
applied preferentially in transformers submerged in oil and it
presents several facilities in the sense of becoming
temperature monitoring more reliable and safe, with highlight
for the.... [read more to downlooad complete
material]
0023]. DRIVER AND OUTPUT STAGE OF A 3.5KVA
INVERTER: A driver and output stage prepares a small
electrical signal for further amplification or processing. It is used
to boost the signal strength to drive the transformer
of an inverter. In inverter circuit, the received oscillating
frequency is suitably amplified to high current levels using
Mosfets... [read more to downlooad complete material]
0024]. DESIGN AND CONSTRUCTION OF A DRIVER
AND OUTPUT STAGE OF AN INVERTER: A driver
and output stage prepares a small electrical signal for further
amplification or processing. It is used to boost the signal
strength to drive the transformer of an inverter. In inverter
circuit, the received oscillating frequency is suitably
amplified to high current levels using Mosfets. Though the
boosted response is an AC... [read more to downlooad
complete material]
0025]. WIRELESS POWER TRANSFER THROUGH
COIL: As power requirements for portable devices
increase, consumers are looking for easy-to-use charging
solutions that can be deployed in a wide array of
environments such as home, office, automobiles, airports,
schools and more. Wireless charging uses an
electromagnetic field to transfer energy between two objects.
This is usually done with a charging station. Energy is
sent through an inductive coupling to an electrical device, which
can then use that energy to charge batteries or run
the device... [read more to downlooad complete material]
0026]. SMART GRID – FUTURE ELECTRIC GRID: Smart
grid is referred to as “an automated, widely
distributed energy delivery network incorporating the benefits of
distributed computing and communications to
deliver real-time information and enable the near-instantaneous
balance of supply and demand. The smart grid brings
the philosophies, concepts, and technologies that enabled the
Internet to the utility and energy grid.... [read more to
downlooad complete material]
0027]. POWER FAILURE AND ITS EFFECTS ON
APPLIANCES : Electric power supply is the most important
commodity for national development. With electrical energy the
people are empowered to work from the domestic
level and the cottage industries, through the small-scale and
medium industries to employment in the large-scale
manufacturing complexes. In these days, depriving people of
electric power is tantamount to castration. Power failure
is a period of time when the electricity supply to a particular
building or area is interrupted, for example because of
damage to the cables or any other reason. Modern equipment
requires a continuous supply of electricity. Not only
industry, but also in the household. Take the case of a
refrigerator. If you experience a power off situation, your food
will be spoilt. This work in particular discuses power failure and
its effect on appliances... [read more to downlooad
complete material]
0028]. DESIGN AND CONSTRUCTION OF A HIGH AND
LOW VOLTAGE CUT-OFF WITH TIME
DELAY: The power line fluctuations and cut-offs causes
damages to electrical appliances connected to the line. It is
more serious in the case of domestic appliances like fridge and
air conditioners. If a fridge is operated on low voltage,
excessive current flows through the motor, which heats up, and
get damaged. High and low voltage cut off is a device
designed to protect electrical appliances from over voltage as
well as under voltage. The under/over voltage
protection circuit with time delay presented in this work is a low
cost and reliable circuit for protecting such
equipments from damages. Whenever the power line is switched
on it gets connected to the appliance only after a
delay of a fixed time. If there is hi/low fluctuations beyond sets
limits the appliance get disconnected. The system
tries to connect the power back after the specific time delay, the
delay being counted from the time of disconnection.
If the power down time (time for which the voltage is beyond
limits) is less than the delay time, the power resumes
after the delay: If it is equal or more, then the power resumes
directly. This circuit has been designed, built and
evaluated by me to use as a protector for my home refrigerator.
This is designed around readily available semiconductor devices
such as standard bipolar medium power NPN transistor . The
complete circuit is consisting of
various stages. They are: - Dual rail power supply, Reference
voltage source, Voltage comparators for hi/low cut offs,
Time delay stage and Relay driver stage... [read more to
0029]. MICROCONTROLLERS AND
MICROPROCESSORS: The introduction of “Microprocessor”
has
changed the way in which we view, analyze and control the
world surrounding us over the past two decades.
Microprocessor is considered a product of combined
developments in the fields of computer architecture and
Integrated Circuit (IC) fabrication. It has made the concept of
personal computing very feasible. The Microcontroller
is often considered as a byproduct in the development of
microprocessor. The fabrication process and programming
technique which are responsible in the development of
microprocessors has also lead to the development of
microcontrollers. Until a decade ago, the microcontrollers are
less popular in both the technical community and
general public even though most of the consumer electronics
like televisions, video games, video cassette recorders,
telephones, elevators etc. comprise of them. This work discuses
differences between Microcontroller and
microprocessors.... [read more to downlooad complete
material]
0030]. DESIGN AND CONSTRUCTION OF A 500W
SOLAR POWER INVERTER: solar inverter converts
direct current (DC) output of a photovoltaic (PV) solar panel
into a utility frequency alternating current (AC) that can
be fed into a commercial electrical grid or used by a local, off-
grid electrical network. It is a critical balance of system
(BOS)–component in a photovoltaic system, allowing the use of
ordinary AC-powered equipment. Solar power
inverters have special functions adapted for use with
photovoltaic arrays, including maximum power point tracking
and anti-islanding protection.
The solar panel used in solar inverter produces direct electricity
with the help of electrons that are moving from
negative to positive direction. Most of the appliances that we use
at home work on alternative current. This AC is
created by the constant back and forth of the electrons from
negative to positive. In AC electricity the voltage can be
adjusted according to the use of the appliance. As solar panels
only produce Direct current the solar inverter is used
to convert the DC to AC. An inverter produces square waves or
a sine wave which can be used for running lights,
televisions, lights, motors etc. However these inverters also
produce harmonic distortion... [read more to downlooad
complete material]
0031]. POWER ELECTRONICS DEVICES AND ITS
APPLICATION: Power Electronics deals with the
applications of solid state electronic devices in the control and
conversion of electric power. Power Electronics has
seen a tremendous growth in recent times and almost all the
applications today use power electronic devices in some
or the other form. Hence it becomes essential to study the
advantages of these devices, which made it so popular....
[read more to downlooad complete material]
0032]. DESIGN AND CONSTRUCTION OF 20WATTS
WIRELESS PUBLIC ADDRESS SYSTEM : It has
become inevitable that there would be communication and due
to the inherent limitation of the human voice, the
public address system came to being. A public address public
address system (PA system) is an electronic sound
amplification and distribution system with a microphone,
amplifier and loudspeakers, used to allow a person to
address a large public, for example for announcements of
movements at large and noisy air and rail terminals. Public
addressing system is often used in small venues such as school
auditoriums, churches, and small bars. PA systems
with many speakers are widely used to make announcements in
public, institutional and commercial buildings and
locations. Intercom systems, installed in many buildings, have
microphones in many rooms allowing the occupants to
respond to announcements... [read more to downlooad complete
material]
photovoltaic arrays, including maximum power point... [read
SOLAR POWER INVERTER:solar inverter converts
and anti-islanding protection... [read more to downlooad
complete material]
complete material]
and anti-islanding... [read more to downlooad complete
material]
complete material]
0038]. DESIGN AND CONSTRUCTION OF A 10KVA
complete material]
0039]. DESIGN AND CONSTRUCTION OF A WIRELESS
PUBLIC ADDRESS SYSTEM: It has become
inevitable that there would be communication and due to the
inherent limitation of the human voice, the public
address system came to being. A public address public address
system (PA system) is an electronic sound
amplification and distribution system with a microphone,
amplifier and loudspeakers, used to allow a person to
address a large public, for example for announcements of
movements at large and noisy air and rail terminals. Public
addressing system is often used in small venues such as school
auditoriums, churches, and small bars. PA systems
with many speakers are widely used to make announcements in
public, institutional and commercial buildings and
locations. Intercom systems, installed in many buildings, have
microphones in many rooms allowing the occupants to
respond to announcements... [read more to downlooad complete
material]
0040]. DESIGN AND CONSTRUCTION OF A PUBLIC
ADDRESS SYSTEM :It has become inevitable that
there would be communication and due to the inherent limitation
of the human voice, the public address system came
to being. A public address public address system (PA system) is
an electronic sound amplification and distribution
system with a microphone, amplifier and loudspeakers, used to
allow a person to address a large public, for example
for announcements of movements at large and noisy air and rail
terminals. Public addressing system is often used in
small venues such as school auditoriums, churches, and small
bars. PA systems with many speakers are widely used
to make announcements in public, institutional and commercial
buildings and locations. Intercom systems, installed
in many buildings, have microphones in many rooms allowing
the occupants to respond to announcements... [read
0041]. DESIGN AND CONSTRUCTION OF A SOLAR
INVERTER : This work is on design and construction of
a 12VDC to 220VAC solar inverter. Solar inverter converts the
variable direct current (DC) output of a photovoltaic
(PV) solar panel into a utility frequency alternating current (AC)
that can be fed into a commercial electrical grid or
used by a local, off-grid electrical network. It is a critical
component in a photovoltaic system, allowing the use of
ordinary AC-powered equipment... [read more to downlooad
complete material]
AUTOMATIC BATHROOM LIGHT WITH BACK-UP
LAMP: Sometimes we forget to switch off the bathroom light
and it remains on unnoticed for long periods. This
circuit solves the problem of electricity wastage by switching off
the lamp automatically after 30 minutes once it is
switched on. The back-up LED lamp provided in the circuit
turns on for three minutes when mains fails. This is
helpful especially when you are taking a shower at night... [read
AUTOMATIC BATHROOM LIGHT SWITCH
CONROLLING SYSTEM:This project is on design and
construction of an automatic bathroom light. The system
automatically turns ON bathroom light when the bathroom door
is opened, and remains lit in the occupied state.
When the door is opened again the lamp turns off after a very
short delay. This automatic circuit saves energy and
greatly assists your visitors, especially at night. The “single-
chip” circuit, built around the popular decade counter
CD4017 (IC1), is very compact, and can be powered from any...
0044]. BACTERIA POWERED FUEL: Renewable and clean
forms of energy are one of society's greatest needs.
At the same time, 2 billion people in the world lack adequate
sanitation and the economic means to afford it.
Abundant energy, stored primarily in the carbohydrates can be
found in waste biomass, agricultural...[read more to
0045]. DESIGN AND CONSTRUCTION OF A RADIO FM
TRANSMITTER :An FM transmitter is an
electronic device which, with the aid of an antenna, produces
radio waves. The transmitter itself generates a radio
frequency alternating current, which is applied to the antenna.
When excited by this alternating current, the antenna
radiates radio waves. FM transmitter is basically a VHF colipits
oscillator capable of transmitting sound or music to
any standard FM receiver. The circuit works on a D.C source
which makes it for a pure rectification...[read more to
0046]. DESIGN AND CONSTRUCTION OF A FUELLESS
POWER GENERATOR OF 1KVA CAPACITY:
This project is on "DESIGN AND CONSTRUCTION OF
FUELLESS POWER GENERATOR". This device is also
known as INVERTER GENERATOR. It is designed to meet up
with the power demand in the offices and in homes in
the absence of power supply from the national supply authority,
NEPA. In order words the device / item serves as a
substitute for NEPA (PHCN) which almost monopolises the
power supply to people and also our conventional
generator...[read more to downlooad complete material]
AUTOMATIC INVERTER CHANGEOVER: This
work is on change over selector switch for automatic toggling of
an inverter when AC mains is present and vice versa
and also the system must enable automatic switching of the
battery charger such that when AC mains is present the
inverter battery gets charged and when AC mains fails, the
battery gets connected with the inverter for supplying AC
to the load. The configuration should be such that everything
takes place automatically and the appliances are never
switched OFF, just reverted from inverter AC to Mains AC and
vice versa during mains power failures and
restorations...[read more to downlooad complete material]
0048]. DESIGN AND CONSTRUCTION OF A PUBLIC
ADDRESS SYSTEM (PA SYSTEM) WITH A.C AND
BATTERY POWER SOURCE: This work is titled design and
construction of a public address system with ac and
battery power source. A public address system (PA system) is an
electronic sound amplification and distribution
system with a microphone, amplifier and loudspeakers, used to
allow a person to address a large public, for example
for announcements of movements at large and noisy air and rail
terminals. Public addressing system is often used in ..
0049]. DESIGN AND FABRICATION OF AN ELECTRIC-
GAS-CHARCOAL POWERED OVEN (TRIPLEX
POWERED OVEN): Due to irregular power supply common in
developing countries, as well as growing high cost
of hydrocarbon, the need arises for the development of a triple
energy source that uses electricity, gas and charcoal for
heating oven chambers. The triplex-powered oven is a
combination of components that make possible the use of
alternative heat sources. The upper chamber is powered by
electricity, the middle chamber is powered charcoal whilst
the lower chamber works for the supply of gas located outside
the chamber as a heat source. In the upper chamber is a
heating element that generates and dissipates heat within the
enclosure. The element is connected to a thermostat that
regulates the rate of heat generation in the system. Cooking gas
is supplied to the burner located in the lower chamber
of the oven via a pipe connection to the gas cylinder while the
heat required from the charcoal oven is supplied by the
coal. Perforations allow for heat dissipation within the lower
chamber. The performance test gave oven efficiency of
95.2 per cent. The oven can be adapted for both domestic and
industrial purposes and have been found very useful in
bakery industries...[read more to downlooad complete material]
0050]. DESIGN OF WATER SUPPLY PIPELINE
NETWORK : Providing sufficient water of appropriate quality
and quantity has been one of the most important issues in human
history. Most ancient civilizations were initiated
near water sources. As populations grew, the challenge to meet
user demands also increased. People began to
transport water from other locations to their communities. For
example, the Romans constructed aqueducts to deliver
water from distant sources to their communities. Today, a water
supply system consists of infrastructure that collects,
treats, stores, and distributes water between water sources and
consumers. Water pipelines have been a proposed, but
controversial option. These massive pipelines pump water from
a large source and transfer it across a great distance to
areas in need...[read more to downlooad complete material]
0051]. DESIGN AND CONSTRUCTION OF POWER
RESTORATION REMINDER USING A PIEZOBUZZER
AND LED LAMP: Power restoration is a period of time when
the electricity supply to a particular
building or area is restored, for example because of replacement
or servicing damage to the cables or any other
reason. Modern equipment requires a continuous supply of
electricity. Not only industry, but also in the household.
Take the case of a refrigerator. If you experience a power off
situation, your food will be spoilt.
Power restoration reminder is a monitoring device that will
trigger a buzzer and lights an LED when the mains
supply is restored. This device is helpful to inform the
restoration of power supply to some critical installation such as
a pump in a fish tank. Once the buzzer sound, one will know
that there is a restoration of power supply and actions
need to be taken to switch ON and OFF all necessary
appliances...[read more to downlooad complete material]
0052].DESIGN AND CONSTRUCTION OF A POWER
SUPPLY RESTORATION ALARM: Power restoration
is a period of time when the electricity supply to a particular
building or area is restored, for example because of
replacement or servicing damage to the cables or any other
reason. Modern equipment requires a continuous supply
of electricity. Not only industry, but also in the household. Take
the case of a refrigerator. If you experience a power
off situation, your food will be spoilt.
Power restoration alarm is a monitoring device that will trigger a
buzzer and lights an LED when the mains supply is
restored. This device is helpful to inform the restoration of
power supply to some critical installation such as a pump
in a fish tank. Once the buzzer sound, one will know that there is
a restoration of power supply and actions need to be
taken to switch ON and OFF all necessary appliances...[read
0053]. DESIGN AND CONSTRUCTION OF A POWER
SUPPLY RESTORATION ALARM WITH 555
TIMER, BUZZER AND LED: Power restoration is a period of
time when the electricity supply to a particular
building or area is restored, for example because of replacement
or servicing damage to the cables or any other
reason. Modern equipment requires a continuous supply of
electricity. Not only industry, but also in the household.
Take the case of a refrigerator. If you experience a power off
situation, your food will be spoilt.
Power restoration alarm is a monitoring device that will trigger a
buzzer and lights an LED when the mains supply is
restored. This device is helpful to inform the restoration of
power supply to some critical installation such as a pump
in a fish tank. Once the buzzer sound, one will know that there is
a restoration of power supply and actions need to be
taken to switch ON and OFF all necessary appliances.This work
was built around 555 timer IC, buzzer and LED....
FAILURE AND RESUMPTION ALARM: Power
failure is a period of time when the electricity supply to a
particular building or area is interrupted, for example
because of damage to the cables or any other reason, and Power
restoration is a period of time when the electricity
supply to a particular building or area is restored, for example
because of replacement or servicing damage to the
cables or any other reason. This device gives audio-visual
indication of the failure and resumption of mains power.
The circuit is built around dual timer IC LM556. When mains is
present the bicolour LED glows in green colour, and
when mains fails it turns red...[read more to downlooad
complete material]
RESUMPTION ALARM AND LOW-VOLTAGE
PROTECTOR : If appliiances are in use before before power
fails from the mains, if they are not switched OFF
before the power resumes it can have negative effect on the
appliances.The device protects your electrical appliances
like AC motors from damage due to low voltage at power-on. It
remains standby without giving power to the load
after power resumes. The load can be switched on only
manually. This prevents damage to the device if it is ‘on’
when power resumes...[read more to downlooad complete
material]
AUTOMATIC POWER-RESUMPTION ALARM : Power
restoration is a period of time when the electricity supply to a
particular building or area is restored, for example
because of replacement or servicing damage to the cables or any
other reason. Somestimes when power resumes the
occupant of the house may not be aware unless if power
resumption alarm is used in such home to detect the presence
of power supply resumption. Most power-resumption alarm
devices produce non-stop alarm when power resumes. To
overcome this problem, this automatic circuit that sounds an
alarm for a few seconds only after power resumes.
Whenever power failure occurs this circuit does not sound any
alarm. But when power resumes it produces an alarm
sound for about 11 seconds...[read more to downlooad
complete material]
FAILURE ALARM : Power failure is a period of time
when the electricity supply to a particular building or area is
interrupted, for example because of damage to the cables
or any other reason. Modern equipment requires a continuous
supply of electricity. Not only industry, but also in the
household. Take the case of a refrigerator. If you experience a
power off situation, your food will be spoilt. Power
failure alarm monitoring device that will trigger a buzzer when
the mains supply cuts off. This device is helpful to
inform the loss of power supply to some critical installation such
as a pump in a fish tank. Once the buzzer sound, one
will know that there is a loss of power supply and actions need
to be taken to rectify the situation by providing
alternative power supply or relocating the installation...[read
0058]. DESIGN AND CONSTRUCTION OF A FIRE
ALARM SYSTEM : This project is titled design and
construction of an automatic fire alarm. Fire alarm is an
electronics device that is stored in a building to detect the
presence of fire accident. An automatic fire alarm system is
designed to detect the unwanted presence of fire by
monitoring environmental changes associated with combustion.
In general, a fire alarm system is classified as either
automatically actuated, manually actuated, or both. Automatic
fire alarm systems are intended to notify the building
occupants to evacuate in the event of a fire or other emergency,
report the event to an off-premises location in order to
summon emergency services, and to prepare the structure and
associated systems to control the spread of fire and
smoke. This fire alarm system composes of light dependent
resistor (LDR) which works as a smoke sensor. Light
dependent resistor is a type of resistor with high resistance in the
presence of light and which reduces in its resistance
when smoke passes through the surface.
The aim of this project is to design and construct a fire alarm for
a building that will detect the presence of fire
accident in a building...[read more to downlooad complete
material]
AUTOMATED FIRE EMERGENCY CONTROL: Fire
disaster is a common threat to lives and property. Fire
emergency control offers an automatic fire extinguishing which
provides real time monitoring, exploration and programmed fire
alarm. This paper presents the design of a low cost,
robust and secure fire protection system for buildings .It sends
early alarm when the fire occurs and helps to reduce
the fire damage. This system consists of a smoke detector and a
temperature sensor whose outputs are connected to
the controller. The system takes into account the density of
smoke and thus the probability of false alarms can be
avoided. A PIC16F84A micro-controller is considered here to
control the total arrangement and the test results
through hardware prototype show that the validity of proposed
approach which achieves design requirements as well
as increase system reliability...[read more to downlooad
complete material]
ALARM USING MQ-2 SENSOR: This project is titled
design and construction of an automatic fire alarm. Fire alarm is
an electronics device that is stored in a building to
detect the presence of fire accident. An automatic fire alarm
system is designed to detect the unwanted presence of
fire by monitoring environmental changes associated with
combustion. In general, a fire alarm system is classified as
either automatically actuated, manually actuated, or both.
Automatic fire alarm systems are intended to notify the
building occupants to evacuate in the event of a fire or other
emergency, report the event to an off-premises location
in order to summon emergency services, and to prepare the
structure and associated systems to control the spread of
fire and smoke.
This fire alarm system composes of a MQ-2 smoke sensor. This
smoke sensor detects the concentrations of smoke in
the air and outputs its reading as an analog voltage. The sensor
can measure concentrations of flammable gas of 300
to 10,000 ppm. The sensor can operate at temperatures from -20
to 50°C and consumes less than 150 mA at 5 V.
(smoke) accident in a building...[read more to downlooad
complete material]
ALARM SYSTEM USING LDR, 555 TIMER, AND
RELAY: This project is titled design and construction of an
automatic fire alarm using LDR, 555 timers, and relay.
Fire alarm is an electronics device that is stored in a building to
detect the presence of fire accident. An automatic fire
alarm system is designed to detect the unwanted presence of fire
by monitoring environmental changes associated
with combustion. In general, a fire alarm system is classified as
either automatically actuated, manually actuated, or
both. Automatic fire alarm systems are intended to notify the
building occupants to evacuate in the event of a fire or
other emergency, report the event to an off-premises location in
order to summon emergency services, and to prepare
the structure and associated systems to control the spread of fire
and smoke. This fire alarm system composes of light
dependent resistor (LDR) which works as a smoke sensor. Light
dependent resistor is a type of resistor with high
resistance in the presence of light and which reduces in its
resistance when smoke passes through the surface.
accident in a building...[read more to downlooad complete
material]
AUTHOMATIC BATTERY CHARGER : This
project is titled design and construction of an automatic battery
charger Automatic battery charger is an acid battery
charger that is designed to charge any acid battery. This
automatic charger is basically a DC power supply source.
Here a transformer is used to step down the AC mains input
voltage to the required level as per the rating of the
transformer. This transformer is always a high power type and
Lm338 variable regulator is able to produce a high
current (from 1 – 5A) output as required by most lead-acid
batteries and the output current is adjusted by 5k variable
resistor. A bridge rectifier configuration is used to rectify the
low voltage AC into DC and is further smoothed by a
high value electrolytic capacitor. This DC is fed to an electronic
circuit which regulates the voltage into a constant
level and is applied to the battery under charge, where the
energy is stored through an internal process of chemical
reaction. In automatic battery chargers a voltage sensor circuit is
incorporated to sense the voltage of the battery
under charge. The charger is automatically switched OFF when
the battery voltage reaches the required optimum
level...[read more to downlooad complete material]
CHARGING PROGRESS AND CHARGING LEVEL
INDICATOR: This project is on a 12 volts automatic
battery charger with charging progress and charging level
indicator. An automatic battery charger is an acid battery
charger that is designed to charge any acid battery. In this work,
a voltage sensor circuit is incorporated to sense the
voltage of the battery under charge. The charger has the ability
to automatically switched OFF when the battery
voltage reaches the required optimum level with the help of the
contact relay, the transistor and the zener diode when
bend the current back to the system, and the system have the
ability to indicate when the battery is charging or not,
when the battery is empty or fully charged...[read more to
CAR BATTERY CHARGER
AUTOMATIC CAR BATTERY CHARGER WITH
FULL VOLTAGE CUTOUT: A battery charger is an
electrical device employed for charging batteries. These
batteries that are usually charged by battery charger are the
storage batteries also known as “accumulator” the battery
charger changes. The alternating current forms the power line
into d.c suitable for charging. When the battery is fully
changed, is up to it’s maximum, 12 volt, the charger with
automatically stop changing with the help of the contact
relay, the transistor and the zener diode when bend the current
back to the system, and the system have the ability to
indicate when the battery is charging or not, when the battery is
empty or fully charged...[read more to downlooad
complete material]
0066]. DESIGN AND CONSTRUCTION OF A 6V and 12
VOLTS AUTHOMATIC BATTERY CHARGER:
This project is titled design and construction of a 6 and 12V
automatic battery charger. A 6 and 12volts Automatic
battery charger is a dual acid battery charger that is designed to
charge 6v and as well 12v battery. This automatic
charger is basically a DC power supply source. Here a
transformer is used to step down the AC mains input voltage to
the required level as per the rating of the transformer. And the
selection of voltage is done using single pole double
throw switch whenever there is need for that. That is, whenever
there is a 6v battery to be charged, the switch would
be sued the select the required voltage from the charger and
vice-versa. This transformer is always a high power type
and is able to produce a high current output as required by most
lead-acid batteriesl...[read more to downlooad
complete material]
0067]. DESIGN AND CONSTRUCTION OF A 6V
BATTERY CHARGER : This project is titled design and
construction of a 6V battery charger. Battery charger is an acid
battery charger that is designed to charge 6V acid
battery. It is basically a DC power supply source. Here a
transformer is used to step down the AC mains input voltage
to the required level as per the rating of the transformer. This
transformer is always a high power type and Lm317
variable regulator is able to produce a high current (from 1 –
5A) output as required by most lead-acid batteries and
the output current can adjusted by variable resistor. A bridge
rectifier configuration is used to rectify the low voltage
AC into DC and is further smoothed by a high value electrolytic
capacitor. This DC is fed to an electronic circuit
which regulates the voltage into a constant level and is applied
to the battery under charge, where the energy is stored
through an internal process of chemical reactionl...[read more to
0068]. DESIGN AND CONSTRUCTION OF A 6V CELL
PHONE BATTERY CHARGER: This project is titled
design and construction of a 6V cell phone battery charger. A
6V cell phone battery charger is an electronics device
used in charging 6v cell phone batteries when used up by the
instrument connected to it. This electronics device has
the ability to stop charging when the battery is fully charged and
starts charging when the battery voltage drops below
the set point. A 6V cell phone battery charger is basically a DC
power supply source. Here a transformer is used to
step down the AC mains input voltage to the required level as
per the rating of the transformer. The transformer
output is rectified by BR1 and the positive DC supply is directly
connected to the charger’s output contact, while the
negative terminal is connected through current limiting resistor
R2. D2 works as a power indicator with R1 serving as
the current limiter and D3 indicates the charging status. A bridge
rectifier configuration is used to rectify the low
voltage AC into DC and is further smoothed by a high value
electrolytic capacitor. This DC is fed to an electronic
circuit which regulates the voltage into a constant level and is
applied to the battery under charge, where the energy is
stored through an internal process of chemical reaction...[read
BATTERY CHARGER USING 15V/130W SOLAR
PANEL : This project is titled the design and construction of a
solar battery charger. It is designed to meet up with
the higher demand of power supply needed to keep our battery
charged. Solar battery charger is an electrical device
that converts the energy of light directly into electricity by the
photovoltaic effect. It does this by the use of solar
panel which is a form of photoelectric cell (in that its electrical
characteristics-- e.g. current, voltage, or resistance--
vary when light is incident upon it) which, when exposed to
light, can generate and support an electric current
without being attached to any external voltage source. This work
is aimed at constructing a solar battery charger
system which receives 15v dc from the solar panel and convert it
to the level that can be safe to the acid battery –
likely 13.6v...[read more to downlooad complete material]
CELL PHONE CHARGER: This project is titled the
design and construction of a solar cell phone charger. It is
designed to meet up with the higher demand of power
supply needed to keep our cell phone battery charged. A solar
cell phone battery charger is an electrical device that
converts the energy of light directly into electricity by the
photovoltaic effect. It does this by the use of solar panel
which is a form of photoelectric cell (in that its electrical
characteristics-- e.g. current, voltage, or resistance-- vary
when light is incident upon it) which, when exposed to light, can
generate and support an electric current without
being attached to any external voltage source. This work is
aimed at constructing a solar cell phone battery charger
system which receives 13.6V dc from the solar panel and
convert it to the level that can be safe to the cell phone
battery...[read more to downlooad complete material]
CELL PHONE CHARGER WITH BATTERY
BACKUP : This project is titled the design and construction of
a solar cell phone charger. It is designed to meet up
with the higher demand of power supply needed to keep our cell
phone battery charged. A solar cell phone battery
charger is an electrical device that converts the energy of light
directly into electricity by the photovoltaic effect. It
does this by the use of solar panel which is a form of
photoelectric cell (in that its electrical characteristics-- e.g.
current, voltage, or resistance-- vary when light is incident upon
it) which, when exposed to light, can generate and
support an electric current without being attached to any
external voltage source.
This work is aimed at constructing a solar cell phone battery
charger system which receives 13.6V dc from the solar
panel and convert it to the level that can be safe to the cell phone
battery...[read more to downlooad complete
material]
0072]. DESIGN AND CONSTRUCTION OF SOLAR
CHARGE CONTROLLER : Solar charge controller limits
the rate at which electric current is added to or drawn from solar
panel to electric batteries. It prevents overcharging
and may protect against overvoltage, which can reduce battery
performance or lifespan, and may pose a safety risk. It
may also prevent completely draining (“deep discharging”) a
battery, or perform controlled discharges, depending on
the battery technology, to protect battery life. The terms “charge
controller” or “charge regulator” may refer to either
a stand-alone device, or to control circuitry integrated within a
battery pack, solar battery-powered device, or battery
chargerl...[read more to downlooad complete material]
AUTHOMATIC BATTERY CHARGER USING
SCR: A battery is a device which can store energy in chemical
form and convert that energy into electrical energy
when needed. It can be secondary (rechargeable) or primary
(Non rechargeable) Rechargeable batteries have an
advantage over primary batteries with the fact that they can be
reused. This is possible by charging a battery, i.e.
feeding energy to the secondary cell by forcing electric current
through it. A battery basically consists of number of
cells, with each cell consisting of two electrodes immersed in an
electrolyte solution consisting of an acid and
distilled water. In charged state, one of the electrodes consists of
a metal whereas the other consists of metal oxide.
The acid enables flow of ions between the two electrodes. When
the battery starts discharging, electrons flow from
one electrode (anode) and get accumulated at another electrode
(cathode). This happens by the process of oxidation
and reduction and continues till both the electrodes are devoid of
reagents and the battery is completely discharged.
The charging is then done externally by providing external
electric current so that the anode receives electrons and
the excess electrons are removed from the cathode. However a
problem arises when the battery gets overcharged, this
leads to more gassing effect. Even excessive discharging of a
battery reduces its age. A solution to this problem is to
ensure a controlled charging method such that the battery
charging and discharging is done in a controlled manner.
This article describes a simple controlled battery charger using
an SCR. The AC signal is rectified using a SCR and a
comparator is used to detect the battery charge voltage with
respect to a reference voltage so as to control the
switching of the SCRl...[read more to downlooad complete
material]
0074]. ASSEMBLING OF A 5KVA AUTOMATIC
VOLTAGE STABILIZER : Due to higher damage of our
electrical appliances usually caused by under-voltage (low
voltage) over-voltage (high voltage), or voltage
fluctuation, there is need to use our appliances with voltage
stabilizer. The automatic voltage regulator (AVR) is a
device designed to regulate voltage automatically – that is, to
take a fluctuating voltage level and turn it into a
constant voltage level, low and high voltage to normal 220VAC
output.
Voltage stabilizer is one of the most essential electrical
appliances which is used by people in their day to day life.
This device is used in homes, commercial establishments, Govt.
establishments, financial institutions, education
institutions etc according to their requirement. The people are
procuring every necessary item to meet up with our
normal and consumable voltage supply used to protect our
appliances such as fridge, some high capacity electronic
items.
The aim of this work is to assemble a 5kva voltage stabilizer.
This device was assembled with a 5kva Transformer
(Copper Wound) which ensures 220vac output supply which
operates on 50Hz and, the entire relay used on the board
was rated 60 amps ...[read more to downlooad complete
material]
0075]. DESIGN AND CONSTRUCTION OF A SOLID
STATE AUTOMATIC VOLTAGE REGULATOR : The
control of irregular voltage supply with fluctuation so as to
become stable is carried out using this voltage stabilizer.
Conventional stabilizers make use of mechanical relays which
have a slow switching period but in this work
stabilizer was built around solid state device such as TRIAC.
This stabilizer is designed and constructed in a way that
it makes use of silicon controlled rectifier which helps in
reducing instability in the system and as well as having an
increased switching period. This project demonstrates the use of
Microcontrollers in power devices. The
Microcontroller allows for accurate monitoring of the mains
voltage and display on a seven-segment display.
Depending on the voltage level of the mains, the Microcontroller
triggers the appropriate TRIAC connected to an
auto-transformer in order to stabilize the output voltage fed to
the loads or appliances...[read more to downlooad
complete material]
0076]. DESIGN, CONSTRUCTION AND ANALYSIS OF A
2KVA AUTOMATIC VOLTAGE REGULATORY
SYSTEM WITH SEVEN SEGMENT DISPLAY : Voltage
delivered to our home, office or industries may
sometimes fluctuate which can cause serious damages to your
appliance; if not completely destroying it. Nonetheless,
other sophisticated devices subjected to voltage fluctuations
could malfunction and have reduced efficiency, which
are costly in terms of downtime and rejects. Most electrical and
electronic equipment are designed to operate properly
and within their specifications if the voltage supply varies within
±10% of nominal. However, some sensitive devices
require stable incoming voltage for them to perform accurately,
such as computers, medical laboratories,
telecommunications and test equipment, but when electric
fluctuation occur it can cause computerized or automatic
machines to produce defective parts, unwanted triggering of
appliances, system malfunction, testing equipment to
give inaccurate data, nuisance tripping due to misoperation of
relays and contactors, inconsistency of motor speed. In
order to avoid all these effects, an automatic voltage regulatory
system is employed which is an electronic device or
circuit that maintains an output voltage to be consistent to its
load current. This AVR has a servomechanism that hunts
the accurate voltage when surges happen in order to maintain the
needed voltage level that ultimately protects your
appliance. This system circuit was analyzed and designed to
stabilize an AC input voltage of 100-250V to give an AC
output voltage of 220V at 50Hz automatically and this can
output to a seven segment display...[read more to
0077]. DESIGN AND CONSTRUCTION AN AUTOMATIC
VOLTAGE STABILIZER USING
MICROCONTROLLER : This project is titled the design and
construction of a 2kvaAutomatic Voltage Stabilizer
Using microcontroller (PIC16F877A). Voltage stabilizers are
used for many appliances in homes, offices and
industries. The mains supply suffers from large voltage drops
due to losses on the distribution lines. A
voltage stabilizer maintains the voltage to the appliance at the
nominal value of around 220 volts even if the input
main fluctuates over a wide range. Here is the circuit of an
automatic voltage stabilizer that can be adapted to any
power rating. Its intelligence lays in the program on
PIC16F877A—a low-cost microcontroller that is
readily available. The circuit, when used with any appliance,
will maintain the voltage at around 220V even if the
input mains voltage varies between 180V and 250V. Here the
circuit is shown for a 5A stabilizer. It acts within 100ms
to produce a smoothly varying output whenever input mains
voltage changes. The PIC16F877A is a
microcontroller with 35 instructions, and hence program
development with it is rather tough. But, there are good
support programs...[read more to downlooad complete
material]
AUTOMATIC VOLTAGE STABILIZER : This project is
titled the design and construction of an AC Automatic Voltage
Stabilizer. It is designed to meet up with the AC
the line.
An AC Automatic voltagestabilizer is designed to automatically
maintain a constant AC voltage level. An AC Voltage
Stabilizer may be a simple "feed-forward" design or may
include negative feedback control loops. It makes use an
electromechanical mechanism, and other electronic components.
Depending on the design, it may be used to regulate
one or more AC voltages. This project is designed to stabilize an
AC input voltage of 160-250V to give an AC output
voltage of 240V at 50Hz automatically. The automatic feature
can be achieved by the electronics devices used such
voltage comparator IC, electro-magnetic device (relay), auto-
transformer and other electronics devices. In this
project, an automatic ac voltage stabilizer was designed to
control and stabilize an AC input voltage of 160-250V to
produce an output of 240V all at 50Hz...[read more to
0079].DESIGN AND CONSTRUCTION OF A 500VA
the linez...[read more to downlooad complete material]
AUTOMATIC VOLTAGE STABILIZER: This project is
voltage regulators may be installed at a substation...[read
is titled the design and construction of an AC Automatic Voltage
voltage regulators may be installed at...[read more to
AUTOMATIC VOLTAGE STABILIZER:This project is
the ...[read more to downlooad complete material]
the line.
the line.
the line.
0086]. DESIGN AND CONSTRUCTION OF A SINGLE
PHASE AUTOMATIC CHANGEOVER SWITCH :
An Automatic Changeover Switch switches off the generator
and automatically changes over to NEPA. An Automatic
Changeover Switch will automatically switch off your generator
and change over to MAIN ( Public power
supply/NEPA) on resumption.You will save fuel and no risk of
electrocution. It also serves as power surge protector
for appliances. The main aim of any electric power supply in the
world is to provide uninterrupted power supply at all
times to all its consumers. Although, in developing countries,
the electric power generated to meet the demands of the
growing consumers of electricity is insufficient, hence power
instability and outage....[read more to downlooad
complete material]
AUTOMATIC CHANGEOVER SWITCH: An Automatic
Changeover Switch switches off the generator and automatically
changes over to NEPA. An Automatic Changeover
Switch will automatically switch off your generator and change
over to MAIN ( Public power supply/NEPA) on
resumption.You will save fuel and no risk of electrocution. It
also serves as power surge protector for appliances. The
main aim of any electric power supply in the world is to
provide...[read more to downlooad complete material]
0088]. DESIGN AND IMPLIMENTATION OF A 200A
AUTOMATIC CHANGEOVER SWITCH WITH
PHASE SELECTOR AND POWER FAILURE ALARM:
This project work is on the design and construction of
automatic changeover switch with phase selector and power
failure alarm. It provides a means of switching from one
phase of AC mains to another in the case of failure in the
existing phase; it also changeover to generator if there is
failure in all the three phases of the AC mains. ...[read more to
AUTOMATIC CHANGEOVER SWITCH WITH PHASE
MONITORING DEVICE: This project work is on the design
and construction of automatic changeover switch. It
provides a means of switching from one phase of AC mains to
another in the case of failure in the existing phase; it
also changeover to generator if there is failure in all the three
phases of the AC mains. The circuit also senses the
restoration of any or all the three phases of the mains and
changeover without any notice...[read more to downlooad
complete material]
AUTOMATIC CHANGEOVER SWITCH USING
CONTACTOR: The Changeover Switch is a device used to
switch off a power supply and subsequently switch on
another power supplyr...[read more to downlooad complete
material]
AUTOMATIC CHANGE OVER SWITCH (3.7KVA) : This
work is on 3.7kva automatic change over switch. An Automatic
Changeover Switch switches OFF the generator and
automatically changes over to NEPA. An Automatic
and change over to MAIN ( Public power supply/NEPA) on
resumption....[read more to downlooad complete
material]
0092]. DESIGN AND CONSTRUCTION OF A 60A THREE
PHASE AUTOMATIC CHANGEOVER
SWITCH: This project work is on the design and construction
of a 60A automatic changeover for 3-phase power
supply. It provides a means of switching from one phase of AC
mains to another in the case of failure in the existing
phase; This project has been improved...[read more to
0093]. CONSTRUCTION OF AUTOMATIC CHANGE
OVER WITH GENERATOR TRIP OFF (USING A
REMOTE CONTROL): As technological advancement has
been on the increase in our society many have fallen in
love with technology and world want to have a feel in virtually
to every thing they do. An Automatic Changeover
Switch switches off the generator and automatically changes
over to NEPA. An Automatic Changeover Switch will
automatically switch off your generator and change over to
MAIN ( Public power supply/NEPA)...[read more to
AUTOMATIC CHANGEOVER FOR 3-PHASE POWER
SUPPLY : This project work is on the design and construction
of automatic changeover for 3-phase power supply. It
provides a means of switching from one phase of AC mains to
another in the case of failure in the existing phase;
This project has been improved on the existing types of
electromechanical device that has being in use over the years.
Hence this has been achieved by the use of operational
amplifier, timing circuit and high current relay switches and it
is powered by 12V dc power supply. The aim of this work is to
design and construct an Auto changeover introduces
an automatic solution to overcome power fluctuation/phase
interruption by selecting next most healthy available
phase to feed the equipment without any notice of power
outage...[read more to downlooad complete material]
PHASE AUTOMATIC CHANGEOVER SWITCH
WITH PHASE SELECTOR : This project work is on the
design and construction of an automatic changeover with
phase selector. It provides a means switching from generator set
to PHCN on power resumption and at the same time
switching from one phase of AC mains to another in the case of
failure in the existing phase; This project has been
improved on the existing types of electromechanical device that
has being in use over the years. Hence this has been
achieved by the use of operational amplifier, timing circuit and
high current relay switches and it is powered by 12V
dc power supply.The aim of this work is to design and construct
an Auto changeover introduces an automatic solution
to overcome power fluctuation/phase interruption by selecting
next most healthy available phase to feed the
equipment without any notice of power outage...[read more to
AUTOMATIC CHANGEOVER SWITCH WITH
GENERATOR TRIP-OFF DEVICE : The Change Over
Switch is a device used to switch off a power supply and
subsequently switch on another power supply. An Automatic
Changeover Switch switches off the generator and
automatically changes over to NEPA. An Automatic
and change over to MAIN ( Public power supply/NEPA) on
resumption.This device save fuel and...[read more to
AUTOMATIC PHASE SELECTOR FOR 3-PHASE
POWER
SUPPLY: This project work is on the design and construction of
automatic phase selector for 3-phase power supply.
It provides a means of switching from one phase of AC mains to
another in the case of failure in the existing phase;
This project has been improved on the existing types of
electromechanical device that has being in use over the
years...[read more to downlooad complete material]
MICROCONTROLLER BASED AUTOMATIC 3-PHASE
SELECTOR: In three phase equipment’s, if supply voltage is
low in any of the one phase and you if you wish to run
all the equipment properly. This equipment will help you to
rescue this situation. However proper rating fuse need to
be used in three phase i.e. R, Y, and B inputs lines. Where the
correct voltage is available that time. Other low voltage
phase shift to correct voltage in same manner, to run all the
equipment on the single phase in the building. The circuit
consist of relay comparator, transformer resistor and other minor
electronics components...[read more to downlooad
complete material]
0099]. DESIGN AND CONSTRUCTION OF A PHASE
SEQUENCE CHECKER FOR THREE PHASE
SUPPLY : The project is designed to provide uninterrupted AC
mains supply i.e., 230 volt to a single phase load.
This is achieved by automatic changeover of the load from the
missing phase to the next available phase in a 3 phase
system. It is often noticed that power interruption in distribution
system is about 70% for single phase faults while
other two phases are in normal condition. Thus, in any
commercial or domestic power supply system where 3 phase
is...[read more to downlooad complete material]
0100]. DESIGN AND CONSTRUCTION PHASE
SEQUENCE INDICATOR: Phase-Sequence Indicator is an
electromagnetic or induction instrument used to indicate the
phase sequence in three-phase electric circuits. The
phase sequence determines the direction of rotation of three-
phase electric motors; the correct operation of some
measuring instruments and automatic control devices also
depends on the phase sequence. Phase-sequence indicators
are usually constructed as miniature asynchronous ...[read more
to downlooad complete material]
FAILURE CONTROLLER FOR THREE PHASE
EQUIPMENT: Electrical power system engineering comprises
power generation, transmission, distribution, and the
utilization of electricity. Modern trends in the development of
electric power systems explore means of improving
efficiency in these stages mentioned...[read more to downlooad
complete material]
FAILURE DETECTOR AND ITS SIGNIFICANCE
FOR THREE PHASE POWER SUPPLY
AUTOMATIC TRANSFER SWITCH (ATS): Automatic
Transfer Switch is a device for initiating an automatic
changeover from mains supply to generator supply through
many intermediate transfer stages which involves activating the
fuel valve, choke valve and the generator starter. In
an Automatic Transfer Switch, everything is fully automatic.
When the utility power goes out, the transfer switch
signals your generator to start. Once the generator is running the
transfer switch automatically connects your home or
business to the generator. When the utility power is restored, the
transfer...[read more to downlooad complete
material]
0104]. THE DESIGN AND CONSTRUCTION A 220 VAC
AUTOMATIC VOLTAGE STABILIZER : This
project is titled the design and construction of a 220 AC
Automatic Voltage Stabilizer. It is designed to meet up with
the AC voltage safety, stability and accuracy demand in
industries and in homes. Voltage stabilizers are useful in
devices such as computer Power supplies, alternators and central
power station generator plants, voltage regulators
control the output of the plant. In an electric power distribution
system, voltage regulators may...[read more to
0105]. DESIGN AND CONSTRUCTION OF A 92.5MHz
FM TRANSMITTER: An FM transmitter is an
electronic device which, with the aid of an antenna, produces
radio waves. The transmitter itself generates a radio
frequency alternating current, which is applied to the antenna.
When excited by this alternating current, the antenna
radiates radio waves. FM transmitter is basically...[read more to
SINEWAVE POWER INVERTER SYSTEM : This
project is titled the design and construction of a pure sine wave
inverter system. Pure sine wave inverters produce a
pure sine wave output. This means the power output from a pure
sine wave inverter is the same as the mains supply.
What you may not know is that not all inverters are created
equal. The output from many inverters is a modified sine
wave, inferior to the 220 volt mains power supply. Pure sine
wave inverters produce a pure sine wave output. A pure
sine wave is not only critical for the correct functioning of high
end electronic equipment, it will also ensure that
appliances run more smoothly, producing less heat and noise.
Pure sinewave inverter take up 12v DC from battery
and inverts it to an output of 220v, 50H2 AC. It makes no noise
during operation and no hazardous carbon monoxide
is generated in the surrounding. This is a feature that makes it
safe to use any were when compared to generator. Also,
the circuit is capable of charging the battery (i.e 12v source)
when the power from the supply authority is on. This
greatly reduces the cost of operation of the system...[read more
PURE SINEWAVE POWER INVERTER SYSTEM :
Pure sine wave inverters produce a pure sine wave output. This
means the power output from a pure sine wave
inverter is the same as the mains supply. What you may not
know is that not all inverters are created equal. The output
from many inverters is a modified sine wave, inferior to the 220
volt mains power supply. Pure sine wave inverters
produce a pure sine wave output. A pure sine wave is not only
critical for the correct functioning of high end
electronic equipment, it will also ensure that appliances run
more smoothly, producing less heat and noise. Pure
sinewave inverter take up 12v DC from battery and inverts it to
an output of 220v, 50H2 AC. It makes no noise
during operation and no hazardous carbon monoxide is
generated in the surrounding. This is a feature that makes it
safe to use any where when compared to generator. Also, the
circuit is capable of charging the battery (i.e 12v source)
when the power from the supply authority is on. This greatly
reduces the cost of operation of the system...[read more
0108]. DESIGN AND CONSTRUCTION A 200W
titled the design and construction of a 200w Automatic Voltage
Stabilizer. A voltage stabilizer is an electrical
appliance used to feed constant voltage current to electrical
gadgets like ACs and computers, and protects them from
damage due to voltage fluctuations. It works on the principle of
a transformer, where the input current is connected to
primary windings and output is received from secondary
windings. When there is a drop in incoming voltage, it
activates electromagnetic relays which add to more number of
turns in the secondary winding, thus giving higher
voltage which compensates for loss in output voltage. When
there is rise in the incoming voltage, the reverse
happens, and, thus, the voltage at the output side remains almost
unchanged. This project was designed to stabilize an
AC input voltage of 160-250V to give an AC output voltage of
220V at 50Hz automatically. The automatic feature
can be achieved by the electronics devices used such voltage
comparator IC, electro-magnetic device (relay), autotransformer
and other electronics devices...[read more to downlooad
complete material]
0109]. DESIGN AND CONSTRUCTION OF 200W
UNINTERRUPTIBLE POWER SUPPLY:UPS are designed
so that there is one source of power normally used called the
primary power source and another source that kicks in if
the primary is disrupted called the secondary power source. The
power from the wall is always one of those sources
and the battery contains within the UPS is the other. A switch is
used to control each of these powers and the
equipment of any given time. The switch changes from the
primary of the secondary when it detects the primary has
gone out. It switches back from the secondary power the
primary power, source has returned...[read more to
UNTERUTIBLE POWER SUPPLY USING
MICROPROCESSOR WITH LOW BATTERY ALARM:
The purpose of this project is to design and construct
an uninterruptible power supply. Uninterruptible power supply
is a voltage regulatory and uninterruptible power
device planned to electromechanically sustain a constant voltage
level and supply an uninterruptible power to
devices.
This device receive minimum voltage of 120vac and maximum
of 260vac and filter the current and voltage thereby
brings out suitable voltage output to be used by the devices in it,
then when there an unexpected power outage from
the utility mains or generator the system will automatically
switch over to the inverter source thereby providing
additional power to the appliances in use without interruption.
This device stabilizes an AC input voltage of 120-260V to give
an AC output voltage of 240V, provide a rechargeable
backup power supply the system and also provide low battery
indication automatically. The automatic feature can be
achieved by the electronics devices used such voltage
complete material]
UNINTERRUPTIBLE POWER SUPPLY : This device
stabilizes an AC input voltage of 120-260V to give an AC
output voltage of 240V, provide a rechargeable backup
power supply the system and also provide low battery indication
automatically. The automatic feature can be
complete material]
UNINTERRUPTIBLE POWER SUPPLY: This device
receive minimum voltage of 120vac and maximum of 260vac
and filter the current and voltage thereby brings out
suitable voltage output to be used by the devices in it, then when
there an unexpected power outage from the utility
mains or generator the system will automatically switch over to
the inverter source thereby providing additional
power to the appliances in use without interruption.
and other electronics devices. The purpose of this project is to
design and construct an uninterruptible
power supply. Uninterruptible power supply is a voltage
regulatory and uninterruptible power device planned to
electromechanically sustain a constant voltage level and supply
an uninterruptible power to devices...[read more to
0114]. DESIGN AND CONSTRUCTION OF 1.5KVA
UNINTERRUPTIBLE POWER SUPPLY : This device
0116]. DESIGN AND CONSTRUCTION OF 2KVA
complete material]
complete material]
SOLAR POWER INVERTER :This work is on solar
inverter, which is an electrical powering device that converts
direct current (DC) output of a photovoltaic (PV) solar
panel into a utility frequency alternating current (AC) that can
be fed into a commercial electrical grid or used by a
local, off-grid electrical network. It is a critical balance of
system (BOS)–component in a photovoltaic system,
allowing the use of ordinary AC-powered equipment. Solar
power inverters have special functions adapted for use
with photovoltaic arrays, including maximum power point
tracking and anti-islanding protection...[read more to
SOLAR POWER INVERTER:Solar inverter converts the
variable direct current (DC) output of a photovoltaic (PV) solar
panel into a utility frequency alternating current (AC)
that can be fed into a commercial electrical grid or used by a
local, off-grid electrical network. It is a critical
ordinary AC-powered equipment. In solar inverter, Solar
panels produce direct electricity with the help of electrons that
are moving from negative to positive direction. Most
of the appliances that we use at home work on alternative
current. This AC is created by the constant back and forth
of the electrons from negative to positive. In AC electricity the
voltage can be adjusted according to the use of the
appliance. As solar panels only produce Direct current the solar
inverter is used to convert the DC to AC...[read more
SOLAR POWER INVERTER:Solar inverter converts
the variable direct current (DC) output of a photovoltaic (PV)
solar panel into a utility frequency alternating current
(AC) that can be fed into a commercial electrical grid or used by
a local, off-grid electrical network. It is a critical
SOLAR POWER INVERTER: Solar inverter converts the
SOLAR POWER INVERTER:Solar inverter converts
SOLAR POWER INVERTER: Solar inverter converts
SOLAR POWER INVERTER:Solar inverter converts the
SOLAR POWER INVERTER: Solar inverter converts
POWER INVERTERS (WITH 12V*2 BATTERY AND
220VAC) : This project is on design and construction of a
5KVA inverter with input battery 24V to Output 220Vac
50Hz. A power inverter, or inverter, is an electronic device or
circuitry that changes direct current (DC) to alternating
current (AC). The input voltage, output voltage and frequency,
and overall power handling, are dependent on the
design of the specific device or circuitry...[read more to
0129]. DESIGN AND CONSTRUCTION OF A 5KVA DC
TO AC POWER INVERTER USING 24VOLT DC
AND 8 RECHARGEABLE BATTERY: This project is on
design and construction of a 5KVA inverter with input
battery 24V to Output 220Vac 50Hz. A power inverter, or
inverter, is an electronic device or circuitry that changes
direct current (DC) to alternating current (AC). The input
voltage, output voltage and frequency, and overall power
handling, are dependent on the design of the specific device or
circuitry.
A typical power inverter device or circuit will require a
relatively stable DC power source capable of supplying
enough current for the intended overall power handling of the
inverter. Possible DC power sources include:
rechargeable batteries, DC power supplies operating off of the
power company line, and solar cells. The inverter does
not produce any power, the power is provided by the DC source.
The inverter translates the form of the power from
direct current to an alternating current waveform. The level of
the needed input voltage depends entirely on the design
and purpose of the inverter. In many smaller consumer and
commercial inverters a 24V DC input is popular because
of the wide availability of powerful rechargeable 24V DC power
source. The aim of this inverter is construct a 5kva
inverter with a 24v input dc supply (with 8 battery) which
comprises of inbuilt automatic charger- which can charge
an acid lead rechargeable battery and at same time turn-turn off
the charger or stop charging the battery whenever the
battery charge fully...[read more to downlooad complete
material]
0130]. DESIGN AND CONSTRUCTION OF A DC TO AC
POWER INVERTER INCORPORATED WITH
BATTERY CHARGER: A power inverter, or inverter, is an
electronic device or circuitry that changes direct current
(DC) to alternating current (AC). The input voltage, output
voltage and frequency, and overall power handling, are
dependent on the design of the specific device or circuitry.
A typical power inverter device or circuit will require a
relatively stable DC power source capable of supplying
enough current for the intended overall power handling of the
inverter. Possible DC power sources include:
rechargeable batteries, DC power supplies operating off of the
power company line, and solar cells. The inverter does
not produce any power, the power is provided by the DC source.
The inverter translates the form of the power from
direct current to an alternating current waveform.
The aim of this inverter is construct a power inverter with a 12v
input dc supply (battery) which comprises of inbuilt
automatic charger- which can charge an acid lead rechargeable
battery and at same time turn-turn off the charger or
stop charging the battery whenever the battery charge fully...
0131]. THE DESIGN AND CONSTRUCTION OF
AUTOMATIC FENCE LIGHT CONTROLLER : This
project work is titled automatic fence light controller. The
project, construction of automatic fence light controller
was designed to trigger a relay to operate security AC lamp at
Sunset. The lamp remains on till morning and then
turns off. This eliminates the need of switching the fence lamp
daily and also helps to light the premises of the house
when the occupants are out of station...[read more to
0132]. DESIGN AND CONSTRUCTION OF LIGHT
SENSITIVE ALARM : This project work is on the
construction of light sensitive alarm. Which aim at activating an
alarm at sunrise and deactivate it at sunset. This light
sensitive alarm can triggers an alarm at sunrise indicating that
there is daylight. The lamp remains ON till dark hour
and then turns off.
The circuit utilizes the light sensing property of LDR to activate
the circuit. The LDR (Light Dependent Resistor) has
very high resistance as high as 10 Meg ohms in dark which
reduces to a few Ohms in bright light...[read more to
0133]. DESIGN AND CONSTRUCTION OF A DARK
ACTIVATED ALARM : This project work is on the
construction of dark activated alarm. Which aimed at activating
a switch or AC lamp at sunset and deactivate it at
sunrise. This Dark activated Switch can trigger a relay to operate
an AC lamp at Sunset. The lamp remains on till
morning and then turns off. This eliminates the need of
switching the Porch lamp or Backyard lamp daily and also
helps to light the premises of the house when the occupants are
out of station.The circuit utilizes the light sensing
property of LDR to activate the circuit. The LDR (Light
Dependent Resistor) has very high resistance as high as 10
Meg ohms in dark which reduces to a few Ohms in bright
light...[read more to downlooad complete material]
0134]. DESIGN AND CONSTRUCTION OF A RAIN
DETECTOR (ALARM):Due to the rate of damages that
occur to our industrials and homes possessions during rainfall.
This rain alarm will give you an alarm indication the
instant it starts to rain, hopefully giving you time to close
windows and bring in possessions in our homes and to keep
so many of our industrial machines in a proper place. The alarm
has also the ability to indicate when it stops raining,
by that time the alarm will stop. This project was designed to
indicate when it is raining and also to indicate when the
rain has stop. Apart from these two applications, there are other
applications that this alarm has which would be
mentioned in this work...[read more to downlooad complete
material]
0135]. DESIGN AND CONSTRUCTION OF A RAIN
OPERATED WIPER : In the present automobiles the
number of facilities is much higher. The driver has to
concentrate on road while driving, and with increased traffic,
things get frustrating. The features in the car like GPRS to trace
the route, music system, air condition system etc may
drive away the attention of the driver. Thus an effort has been
made to reduce the effort put by driver in controlling
the speed of the wiper and put more concentration on his
driving. Since this system is put into use in many higher end
cars and has been successfully working, an effort was made to
reduce the cost of the system so that this system can be
implemented in common economic cars where a common man
can also enjoy the benefits. In section II, the detail
explanation about designing aspects of the system is given. In
section III the working procedure of the system is
given. Vehicles are now available with driver-programmable
intelligent (automatic) windscreen wipers that detect the
presence and amount of rain using a rain sensor. The sensor
automatically adjusts the speed of the blades according to
the amount of rain detected. The battery supplies the power to
the sensor as well as rain operated motor. Wiper motor
is automatically ON during the time of rainfall. The senor is
fixed in the vehicle glass. The conductive (Touch) sensor
is used in this project. It senses the rainfall and giving control
signal to the control unit. The control unit activates the
wiper motor automatically. This operation is called “Automatic
rain operated...[read more to downlooad complete
material]
0136]. DESIGN AND CONSTRUCTION OF A WATER
LEVEL INDICATOR WITH SINGLE 7 SEGMENT
LED DISPLAY: Water Level Indicator is an electronic device
that is designed to detect the presence of water and
provide an alert in time to allow the prevention of water damage.
A common design is a small cable or device that lies
flat on a floor and relies on the electrical conductivity of water
to decrease the resistance across two contacts. The
device then sounds an audible alarm or display through an
indicating device together with providing onward signaling
in the presence of enough water to bridge the contacts. These are
useful in a normally occupied area near any
infrastructure that has the potential to leak water, such as
HVAC, water pipes, drain pipes, vending machines,
dehumidifiers, or water tanks ...[read more to downlooad
complete material]
MICROCONTROLLER BASED WATER LEVEL
CONTROLLER USING 89C52:The Water Level Controller
System is an Electronic Equipment which when
electrically connected to the starter of any given pump -set
motor will control the operation of the pumpset
depending upon the water level in the Source and Destination
Storage Tanks. It Switches ON the Pump-set when
Water level drops below pre-set level (i.e. T2 level) in Overhead
Tank, Switches OFF the Pump-set when Water level
in Overhead Tank becomes full (i.e. T1 level),Switches OFF the
Pump-set when Water level is low in tank (i.e. S2
level), and Switches ON the Pump-set when there is sufficient
water in the tank.
This work is aim at constructing an automatic water level
controller that will control the flow and pumping of water
in the overhead and underground tank which is controlled by
89c52 microcontroller...[read more to downlooad
complete material]
LEVEL INDICATOR: This project is titled the design
and construction of a water level sensor system. It is designed to
indicate the level of water to over-head tank. The
circuit uses the widely available CD4066, bilateral switch
CMOS IC to indicate the water level through LEDs.When
the water is empty the wires in the tank are open circuited and
the 180K resistors pulls the switch low hence opening
the switch and LEDs are OFF. As the water starts filling up, first
the wire in the tank connected to S1 and the + supply
are shorted by water. This closes the switch S1 and turns the
LED1 ON. As the water continues to fill the tank, the
LEDs2 , 3 and 4 light up gradually. The no. of levels of
indication can be increased to 8 if 2 CD4066 ICs are used in a
similar fashion. When the water is full, the base of the transistor
BC148 is pulled high by the water and this saturates
the transistor, turning the buzzer ON. The SPST switch has to be
opened to turn the buzzer OFF...[read more to
0139]. DESIGN AND CONSTRUCTION OF A MOTION
BASED AUTOMATIC DOOR OPENNER :The
project is titled design and construction of an automatic gate
opener using motion detecting sensor. Opening and
closing of doors is always a tedious job, especially in places like
shopping malls, hotels and theatres where a person is
always required to open the door for visitors. This project
proposes a system of automatic opening and closing of
door by using sensors. The PIR sensor transmitter emit infrared
radiation from a considerable distance and sends it to
the receiver, commanding the receiver to either open the gate or
to close it. This sensing signal is fed to a controller to
operate a door motor through motor driver IC. The sensor sends
a logical command to open the door. The door
automatically closes with a fixed time delay...[read more to
AUTOMATIC WATER LEVEL INDICATOR (WITH
TRANSISTOR): This project is titled the design and
construction of a water level sensor system. It is designed to
indicate the level of water to over-head tank. In this system,
transistors are used; all the transistors are working as a
switch. When the water touches the metal contact in which base
of each transistor is connected, small current flows
and turns on the transistor. When a transistor turns on, LED
connected to it glows. Thus LEDs will be turned on
depending up on the level of water.When the water is empty the
wires in the tank are open circuited and the resistors
pulls the switch low hence opening the switch and LEDs are
OFF and vice-versa...[read more to downlooad complete
material]
AUTOMOBILE FUEL LEVEL INDICATOR: Automobile
fuel level indicator is an instrument used to indicate the level of
fuel contained in a tank. Commonly used in most
motor vehicles, these may also be used for any tank including
underground storage tanks...[read more to downlooad
complete material]
AUTOMATIC WATER LEVEL INDICATOR WITH
ALARM : This project is titled the design and construction of a
water level sensor system. It is designed to indicate
the level of water to over-head tank. This device is unique
because this water level indicator circuit also has an alarm
feature. It not only indicates the amount of water present in the
overhead tank but also gives an alarm when the tank
is full...[read more to downlooad complete material]
0143]. DESIGN AND CONSTRUCT A SINGLE PHASE
AUTO-TRANSFORMER OF RATING 1KVA, AND
STEP DOWN VOLTAGE OF 240V AND VOLTAGE TAPS
OF 120, 48, 24V, 12V: The project presents here is on
design and construct a single phase auto-transformer of rating
1kva, and step down voltage of 240v and voltage taps
of 120, 48, 24v, 12v.An autotransformer is an electrical
transformer with only one winding. In an autotransformer
portions of the same winding act as both the primary and
secondary. The winding has at least three taps where
electrical connections are made. Autotransformers have the
advantages of often being smaller, lighter, and cheaper
than typical dual-winding transformers, but autotransformers
have the disadvantage of not providing electrical
isolation...[read more to downlooad complete material]
0144]. DESIGN AND CONSTRUCTION OF A 4-
CHANNEL AUDIO MIXER: An audio mixer is an electronic
device for combining, and modifying audio signals. The
modified audio signals are summed to produce some
combined output signals. This project is titled design and
construction of a 4-channel microphone mixer. A
microphone mixer is an electronic console that is used to mix
different recorded tracks by changing their volume
levels, adding effects and changing the timbre of each
instrument on the tracks. Audio mixers are also called mixing
consoles and soundboards...[read more to downlooad complete
material]
0145]. DESIGN AND CONSTRUCTION OF A 3-
CHANNEL MICROPHONE MIXER : A microphone mixer
is
an electronic console that is used to mix different recorded
tracks by changing their volume levels, adding effects and
changing the timbre of each instrument on the tracks. Audio
mixers are also called mixing consoles and
soundboards...[read more to downlooad complete material]
AUTOMATIC WATER LEVEL CONTROLLER WITH
WATER HEATER COMPARTMENT: This project is titled
the design and construction of an automatic water level
controller system with water heater compartment. It is designed
to control flow and pumping of water to over-head
tank and at the same time heat the water in the heat compartment
for human usage.
The Water Level Controller System is an Electronic Equipment
which when electrically connected to the starter of
any given pump -set motor will control the operation of the
pumpset depending upon the water level in the Source
and Destination Storage Tanks...[read more to downlooad
complete material]
AUTOMATIC DOOR ALARM USING PIR SENSOR : This
project is titled the design and construction of an automatic door
alarm system using passive infrared. It is designed to
indicate when someone or an intruder opens the door of homes
or industries. A security gate system is designed to be
placed on door in homes to provide security by alerting the
residents that the gate is being opened. When a door is
opened the buzzer will beep indicating that the gate is opened.
The buzzer sounds at 110 or 120 decibels. That sound
level is loud enough to be heard throughout most homes.
However, the aim of this project is to design a security door
alarm system that will give an indication whenever any door in a
home is opened through an infrared beam...[read
2KVA AUTOMATIC VOLTAGE REGULATORY
SYSTEM WITH SEVEN SEGMENT DISPLAY: Voltage
delivered to our home, office or industries may
sometimes fluctuate which can cause serious damages to your
appliance; if not completely destroying it. Nonetheless,
other sophisticated devices subjected to voltage fluctuations
could malfunction and have reduced efficiency, which
are costly in terms of downtime and rejects.
Most electrical and electronic equipment are designed to operate
properly and within their specifications if the
voltage supply varies within ±10% of nominal. However, some
sensitive devices require stable incoming voltage for
them to perform accurately, such as computers, medical
laboratories, telecommunications and test equipment, but
when electric fluctuation occur it can cause computerized or
automatic machines to produce defective parts,
unwanted triggering of appliances, system malfunction, testing
equipment to give inaccurate data, nuisance tripping
due to misoperation of relays and contactors, inconsistency of
motor speed. In order to avoid all these effects, an
automatic voltage regulatory system is employed which is an
electronic device or circuit that maintains an output
voltage to be consistent to its load current. This AVR has a
servomechanism that hunts the accurate voltage when
surges happen in order to maintain the needed voltage level that
ultimately protects your appliance...[read more to
AUTOMATIC DOOR BELL WITH OBJECT
DETECTION:
Automatic Door Bell with Object Detection detects when a
visitor comes to our house. When someone comes to our
house and he searches for the doorbell switch and then rings it to
let us know his presence. If the who came to our
house cannot find the doorbell or else if the person is so short
that he cannot reach the doorbell, what can be done?
How will it be if we use an automatic doorbell which rings as
soon as a person arrives at our place? There are no
more hassles. The person who comes to our house need not
search for the doorbell and press it any more. If we install
this automatic doorbell using object detection circuit, the circuit
will automatically sense the presence of the person
and it rings the doorbell...[read more to downlooad complete
material]
0150]. DESIGN AND CONSTRUCTION AN AUTO TURN-
OFF BATTERY CHARGER: This project is titled
design and construction of an auto turn off battery charger.
Automatic battery charger presented here is an acid battery
charger that is designed to charge cell phone. An Auto turn off
battery charger proceeds to charge battery
automatically. When the battery is charged it will shut off. The
objective of this project is to design and construct an
electronic device that will supply electrical energy (charges) to a
cell phone battery, in a process to restore the
battery's used up energy...[read more to downlooad complete
material]
0151]. ASSEMBLING OF PENTIUM-4 COMPUTER : In
this particular project is on assembling of a Pentium 4
computer. The Pentium 4 is a type, or class, of computer
processor developed and manufactured by Intel. The
Pentium 4 processor was a single core processor, used in
desktop and laptop computers. The first Pentium 4 processor
was codenamed Willamette and was capable of speeds from 2.2
GHz to 3.0 GHz...[read more to downlooad complete
material]
0152]. ASSEMBLING OF COMPUTER SYSTEM : This
project work is assembling of computer system.
Computer system generally refers to a set of electronics
hardware components assembled together for the purpose of
performing some basic operation with much regard to speed and
accuracy. A lot of people may want to see a
computer system as a machine which specializes in taking
information from the outside world, process the
information according to some pre determined set of instructions
and give out the processed information in a given
from according to the predetermined instructions. The computer
system can be viewed from much perspective
depending on the users view. In all this the computer system
consists of two parts to carry out its function properly.
(1) The hardware component (Ii) The software component. (i)
The hardware component in a computer refers to the
physical parts that are assembled together to carry out the
function. ii) The software refers to the set of instructional
codes called programs which the computer depend upon for its
effective operation. Another way of describing a
computer is in terms of what the computer is capable of doing,
we can look at the role of computer n data processing,
numerical computation, workstations automatic control systems
and electronic systems. In this particular project is on
assembling of a Pentium 4 computer. The Pentium 4 is a type, or
class, of computer processor developed and
manufactured by Intel. The Pentium 4 processor was a single
core processor, used in desktop and laptop computers.
The first Pentium 4 processor was codenamed Willamette and
was capable of speeds from 2.2 GHz to 3.0 GHz ...
0153]. ASSEMBLING OF PENTIUM-4 COMPUTER
WITH MULTIPURPOSE PRINTER AND UPS : This
project work is assembling of pentium-4 computer with
multipurpose printer and ups. The computer system generally
refers to a set of electronics hardware components assembled
together for the purpose of performing some basic
operation with much regard to speed and accuracy. A lot of
people may want to see a computer system as a machine
which specializes in taking information from the outside world,
process the information according to some pre
determined set of instructions and give out the processed
information in a given from according to the predetermined
instructions. This particular project is on assembling of a
Pentium 4 computer. The Pentium 4 is a type, or class, of
computer processor developed and manufactured by Intel. The
Pentium 4 processor was a single core processor, used
in desktop and laptop computers. The first Pentium 4 processor
was codenamed Willamette and was capable of
speeds from 1.3 GHz to 2 GHz and the system was assembled
with a multipurpose printer (which is used for
photocopying, printing and scanning) and UPS (used for
sustaining the power of the system for a short period of time
during mains power outage)...[read more to downlooad
complete material]
0154]. ASSEMBLING OF A COMPUTER COMPONENTS
: This project work is assembling of computer
components. Computer system generally refers to a set of
electronics hardware components assembled together for
the purpose of performing some basic operation with much
regard to speed and accuracy The computer system can be
viewed from much perspective depending on the users view. In
all this the computer system consists of two parts to
carry out its function properly: The hardware component and the
software component. The hardware component in a
computer refers to the physical parts that are assembled together
to carry out the function. The software refers to the
set of instructional codes called programs which the computer
depend upon for its effective operation. The
assembling of both hardware and software is what makes a
complete computer system. In this particular project, a
computer component is to be assembled...[read more to
0155]. ASSEMBLING OF HIGH AND LOW VOLTAGE
TRANSMISSION LINE ACCESSORIES : Electric
power transmission is the process by which large amounts of
electricity produced at power plants, such as industrialscale solar
facilities, are transported over long distances for eventual use by
consumers. In Nigeria, electricity is sent
from power plants to the National transmission grid, a vast
network of electric power lines. Due to the large amount
of power involved, and the properties of electricity, transmission
normally takes place at high voltage (69 kV or
above). And in order to setup a working transmission line, all
the accessories must be put in place both for low and
high voltage transmission. Assembling of high and low voltage
transmission line accessories is the process of
gathering all the power transmission wiring accessories in order
to have complete power transmission system...[read
FAILURE ALARM WITH AUTO GENERATOR
STARTING DEVICE : For us to be notified when the power
off condition has occurred a power failure signal
device is used. This system indicates when there is power failure
through alarm indication. As soon as the system
experiences power failure you will receive a signal from an
alarm and at the same time automatically power an
autopowering generator through a high current relay. Power
Outage signal notifies you by alarm when your electrical
equipment suffers a power outage. If you have important
equipment running and want to know if there has been a
power cut while you're not around, this app can help. From
Freezers to Fish Tanks and all things electrical, Power
Outage Alarm can provide you with additional peace of mind...
PHASE AUTOMATIC CHANGEOVER SWITCH:
The Changeover Switch is a device used to switch off a power
supply and subsequently switch on another power
supply.
An Automatic Changeover Switch switches off the generator
and automatically changes over to NEPA. This
Automatic Changeover Switch will automatically switch off
your generator and change over to MAIN (Public power
supply/NEPA) on resumption. You will save fuel and no risk of
electrocution. It also serves as power surge protector
for appliances. The main aim of any electric power supply in the
world is to provide uninterrupted power supply at all
times to all its consumers. Although, in developing countries,
the electric power generated to meet the demands of the
growing consumers of electricity is insufficient, hence power
instability and outage...[read more to downlooad
complete material]
BOOSTER/ POWER OPTIMIZER: Gone are the days
when you wait for NEPA and PHCN before you use your
appliances. Iron booster is a cautioner between the supplier
and the load. This booster can be plugged to small generator like
tiger generator and bigger generators. It does not
affect the sound of the generator neither will it destroy your
generator set in any ways. It will help you to plug your
iron and other heating elements in the output of your generating
plant without damage to your generator coil e.g:
Ironing of clothes, water heater, electric kettle, microwave,
electric cooker/Hot plate, toaster, and blender. The
consumption rate is small to allow you plug other things like:
Tv, Fan, light bulbs, computer, phone charger and
stereo system. The booster enhances and prolongs the life of
your generator by absorbing the pressure from your high
current appliances. Has no contact with your generator and
therefore does not harm the Coil No damage to generator.
It lightens the load plugged on it. It can also be used with
electricity (NEPA Lights). You can use it with small and big
generator plants it reduces quantity of current that is flowing to
the appliances from pre-paid meter. The booster
economizes your energy consumption...[read more to
BOOSTER DEVICE USING IRONING AND
HEATING ELEMENT ON A 650W GENERATOR : This
work is on power booster device, that is, using ironing
and heating element on a 650w generator. This booster can be
plugged to small generator like tiger generator and
bigger generators. It does not affect the sound of the generator
neither will it destroy your generator set in any ways.
It will help you to plug your iron and other heating elements in
the output of your generating plant without damage to
your generator coil e.g: Ironing of clothes, water heater, electric
kettle, microwave, electric cooker/Hot plate, toaster,
and blender...[read more to downlooad complete material]
0160]. DESIGN AND CONSTRUCTION OF POLICE
SIREN USING 555 TIMERS : A police siren is a loud
electronics device that produces sound similar to police siren.
Police siren is used to get other road users or drivers on
the road out of their way.
Electronic sirens incorporate circuits such as oscillators,
modulators, and amplifiers to synthesize a selected siren tone
(wail, yelp, pierce/priority/phaser, hi-lo, scan, air horn, manual,
and a few more) which is played through external
speakers. It is not unusual, especially in the case of modern fire
engines, to see an emergency vehicle equipped with
both types of sirens. Often, police sirens also use the interval of
a tri-tone to help draw attention. This police siren
simulated electronic project uses two 555 timers IC to generate a
sound similar to the police siren. A single 556 timer
IC which consists of two 555 timers can also be used. In this
circuit, both of the timers are configured as astable
circuit. The first timer is configured as a square wave close to 1
Hz astable oscillator. The output of this timer is used
to feed the control voltage of the second timer where it is
subjected to frequency modulation. This frequency
modulation will generate a tone similar to the siren used by the
police...[read more to downlooad complete material]
BANK: Portable Power Banks are comprised of a special
battery in a special case with a special circuit to control power
flow. They allow you to store electrical energy (deposit
it in the bank) and then later use it to charge up a mobile
device...[read more to downlooad complete material]
THYRISTOR SPEED CONTROL OF A DC MOTOR: DC
motors are widely used in industries because of its versatile
characteristics and because of power electronics devices
its controlling is becoming sophisticated and precise, but on the
other hand because of the power electronics devices
power factor and total harmonics distortion problem is becoming
more prominent. In this paper DC motor control
methodology is proposed which includes thyristor based
converters but with improved power factor and total
harmonics distortion...[read more to downlooad complete
material]
0163]. DESIGN AND CONSTRUCTION OF A DC MOTOR
CONTROLLER USING CHOPPER: The speed
control of separately excited dc motor is carried out by varying
the armature voltage for below rated speed and by
varying field flux to achieve speed above the rated speed. This
thesis presents the speed control methodology by
varying armature voltage using chopper by providing control
signal to the switches. Speed can be controlled from
below and up to rated speed .The firing circuit of chopper
receives signal from controller and variable voltage is
given to the armature of dc motor according to the desired speed
.There are two controllers we are using here one is
speed controller and other is current controller. Both controllers
are of proportional - integral type. The reason behind
using PI type controller is it removes the delay and provides fast
control...[read more to downlooad complete
material]
0164]. DESIGN AND CONSTRUCTION OF A CLAP
ACTIVATED SWITCH : Clap activated switch is an
electronics device that can switch on & off a light, Fan, Radio or
any other appliance by the sound of clap. This is the
system of a very sensitive clap switch. It switches ON/OFF a
White LED or electrical appliances through claps. The
circuit can sense the sound of claps from a distance of 1-2
meters. Condenser Mic picks up sound vibrations caused
by the clap. These sound vibrations are given to the inverting
input (pin2) of IC1. It amplifies the sound collected by
the Mic. Resistor R2, R3 and variable resistor VR1 adjust the
sensitivity of the amplifier. Resistor R1 set the
sensitivity of Mic. The amplified output pulses from IC1 passes
to the input of IC2 (CD 4017). Resistor R4 keeps the
input (pin14) of IC2 low so as to prevent false triggering. IC2 is
a decade counter IC which is wired as a toggle
switch. That its outputs 1 and 2 (pins 2 and 3) becomes high and
low when the input pin14 receives pulses. Pin4
(output4) is connected to the reset pin15 so that further counting
will be inhibited...[read more to downlooad
complete material]
0165]. DESIGN AND CONSTRUCTION OF A CLAP
ACTIVATED SWITCH USING TRANSISTORS : Clap
activated switch is an electronics device that can switch on and
off a light, Fan, Radio or any other appliance by the
sound of clap.
This is the system of a very sensitive clap switch. It switches
ON/OFF a White LED or electrical appliances through
claps. The circuit can sense the sound of claps from a distance of
1-2 meters. Condenser Mic picks up sound
vibrations caused by the clap.
This device was built around transistors. These sound vibrations
are given to the base of transistors. It amplifies the
sound collected by the Mic...[read more to downlooad complete
material]
0166]. DESIGN AND CONSTRUCTION OF PASSIVE
INFRARED (PIR) BASED AUTOMATIC DOOR
ALARM SYSTEM: The project is on a passive infrared (PIR)
based automatic door alarm system used in places like
shopping malls, hotels and theatres. This project proposes a
system of automatic sensing any body movement object
near the door. This is achieved with help of a PIR (Passive
Infrared) sensor. A live body generally emits infrared
energy which is sensed by the PIR sensor from a considerable
distance. This sensing signal is fed to an integrated
circuit to trigger a buzzer. When a body approaches within the
operating range of the sensor, it sends a logical
command through an alarm indicating that someone is
approaching the door. If there is no further movement within
the PIR operating range...[read more to downlooad complete
material]
0167]. DESIGN AND CONSTRUCTION OF A PIR
SENSOR BASED SECURITY SYSTEM: This electronic
security system can be used in banks and other high security
areas. A normal electronic security system will have a
transmitter and a receiver. The transmitter sends out an IR laser
and this will be received by the receiver. When an
intruder walks past the device, the IR beam is cut and thus the
alarm is activated. But, this system has some major
disadvantages like limited range and poor line of sight.
Instead of infrared or laser transmitters and receivers, PIR
(Passive Infrared Radial) sensors are used in this circuit.
The sensor is basically a pyroelectric device. When the device is
exposed to infrared radiation, it generates an electric
charge. The device is made of crystalline material. According to
the change in the amount of infrared striking the
element, there will be a change in the voltages generated, which
is measured by an on-board amplifier.
The infrared light explained here refers to the light radiating
from all objects in its field of view. The reason for not
having a transmitter and receiver is that the device does not emit
one, but only accepts the energy emitted from
objects above absolute zero in the form of radiations. Thus the
temperature will be different for a human working past
a sensor, and that of a wall right in front of it. Thus the word
“passive” is used in PIR to explain that it does not emit a
radiation and receive it, but instead accepts the incoming
infrared radiation passively...[read more to downlooad
complete material]
0168]. DESIGN AND FABRICATION OF A PIPE
ROTATOR : When welding is being carried out on a pipe,
there are a lot of things to keep in mind. Some of these are
vitally important, and if done correctly can affect the
entirety of the weld. Pipe welding can be quite complex work
that requires a lot of skill, but pipe rotators make that
work much easier.
The design details are given includes such items as materials and
their characteristics. Adaptation methodology the
parts relation with the whole device and the effect of the
finished product upon which an inqiusitmined can make
collection of fact in future which related to this project...[read
0169]. DESIGN AND CONSTRUCTION OF A MOTION
SENSOR LIGHT CONTROL SYSTEM : A motion
detector is a device that detects moving objects, particularly
people. A motion detector is often integrated as a
component of a system that automatically performs a task or
alerts a user of motion in an area. Motion detectors form
a vital component of automated lighting control. Its use is to
illuminate an area when a person walks by so that he or
she can see well. Many people place motion detectors in their
backyards or even in their houses so that when they
walk through that area, the lights will automatically turn on...
0170]. DESIGN AND CONSTRUCTIONOF AN
AUTOMATIC GATE OPENING AND CLOSING SYSTEM
USING INFRARED: The project is titled design and
construction of an automatic gate opener using infrared.
Opening and closing of doors is always a tedious job, especially
in places like shopping malls, hotels and theatres
where a person is always required to open the door for visitors.
This project proposes a system of automatic opening and closing
of door by using remote. The remote sensor
transmitter emit infrared radiation from a considerable distance
and sends it to the receiver, commanding the receiver
to either open the gate or to close it. This sensing signal is fed to
a controller to operate a door motor through motor
driver IC.
The remote sensor sends a logical command to open the door.
The door automatically closes with a fixed time delay...
AUTOMATIC MOTION SENSOR: Motion detector detects
moving objects, particularly people. A motion detector is often
integrated as a component of a system that
automatically performs a task or alerts a user of motion in an
area. Motion detectors form a vital component of
automated lighting control. Its use is to illuminate an area when
a person walks by so that he or she can see well.
Many people place motion detectors in their backyards or even
in their houses so that when they walk through that
area, the lights will automatically turn on...[read more to
ALCOHOL SENSING DISPLAY WITH ALARM : This
work
is on an alcohol sensing system that measures alcohol intake,
displays percentage of alcohol and also sounds an alarm
if it is above a particular threshold. Here we use an alcohol
sensor circuit along with LCD display and a buzzer alarm.
Our system first uses the alcohol sensor in order to detect
alcohol. The sensor provides analog output. This analog
output is now provided to the microcontroller for further
processing. Based on the input the microcontroller calculates
the percentage of alcohol and displays the same on an LCD
display. It also sounds an alarm if the amount of alcohol
exceeds a particular amount. Our system thus allows measuring
amount of alcohol and then displaying percentage of
alcohol measured. Also an alarm is sounded that indicates that
measured alcohol is above a particular percentage...
ALCOHOL DETECTOR AND ENGINE CUT OFF
DEVICE: This device measures alcohol intake, displays
percentage of alcohol and also automatically shutdown the
engine of the car the drunk person is driving (or about to drive)
if it is above a particular threshold. Here we use an
alcohol sensor circuit along with LCD display and a relay for
shutting down the system...[read more to downlooad
complete material]
ALCOHOL BREATHALYZER CIRCUIT USING 8051
MICROCONTROLLER (AT89S51): This project work is on
a breathalyzer circuit using 8051 microcontroller.
This device outputs the blood alcohol content (BAC) from the
breath. The BAC is displayed in percentage on a 3
digit seven segment display. The microcontroller used if
AT89S51 which belongs to the 8051 family and the alcohol
sensor is MQ135 gas sensor from Futurelec...[read more to
ALCOHOL DETECTION WITH VEHICLE
CONTROLLING SYSTEM: The main purpose behind this
project is “Drunk driving detection”. Now a days, many
accidents are happening because of the alcohol consumption of
the driver or the person who is driving the vehicle.
Thus Drunk driving is a major reason of accidents in almost all
countries all over the world. Alcohol Detector in Car
project is designed for the safety of the people seating inside the
car. This project should be fitted / installed inside the
vehicle.
The main unit of this project is an “Alcohol sensor”. If the
person inside car has consumed alcohol then it is detected
by the sensor. Sensor gives this signal to a comparator IC. The
output of comparator is connected to the
microcontroller. Microcontroller is the heart of this project. It is
the CPU of the complete circuit. Microcontroller
gives high pulse to the buzzer circuit and the buzzer is turned
on. At the same time a relay is turned off. Due to this
the ignition of the car is deactivated...[read more to downlooad
complete material]
AUTOMATIC DOOR : Door automation is generally reserved
for two purposes, accommodating high flows of pedestrian
traffic and providing accessibility for people with
disabilities. Automatic entrance/exit door control is widely used
in public places such as grocery stores, businesses,
transportation stations, airports, and wholesale department stores
to eliminate the need of manually opening and
closing actions. This project proposes a system of automatic
opening and closing of door by sensing any body
movement near the door. This is achieved with help of a PIR
(Passive Infrared) sensor. A live body generally emits
infrared energy which is sensed by the PIR sensor from a
considerable distance. This sensing signal is fed to a
microcontroller to operate a door motor through motor driver IC.
When a body approaches within the operating range
of the sensor, it sends a logical command to open the door. The
door automatically closes with a fixed time delay. If
there is no further movement within the PIR operating range.
Interrupt signals are used through limit switches to
avoid locked rotor condition of the motor...[read more to
PROXIMITY DETECTION SENSOR : A proximity sensor is
a
sensor able to detect the presence of nearby objects without any
physical contact. Examples of proximity sensor usage
include detecting an out-of-paper condition in a printer or a
mobile phone screen that dims to save battery life when
placed near a face. Proximity sensor often emits an
electromagnetic field or a beam of electromagnetic radiation
(infrared, for instance), and looks for changes in the field or
return signal. The object being sensed is often referred to
as the proximity sensor's target. Proximity Sensors are analog
output reflective sensors in a small form factor SMT
package that offer a distance detection range near zero to 60mm.
Their operating principle is based on a high
frequency oscillator that creates a field in the close surroundings
of the sensing surface. The presence of a metallic
object (inductive) or any material (capacitive) in the operating
area causes a change of the oscillation amplitude. The
rise or fall of such oscillation is identified by a threshold circuit
that changes the output state of the sensor. The
operating distance of the sensor depends on the actuator's shape
and size and is strictly linked to the nature of the
material...[read more to downlooad complete material]
BURGULAR ALARM : The main objective of this project was
to
ensure a proper security to building against theft or intruder. The
circuit uses CD4011 Cmos IC which was wired as a
timing circuit, as tone generator and amplifier to obtain a
maximum audible sound. The CD4011 times the circuits
and also generates a tone and this tone is send to transistor
which amplifies the tone generated through a loud speaker
or buzzer. This device functions as a major security alarms used
in residential, commercial, industrial, and military
properties for protection against burglary (theft) or property
damage, as well as personal protection against intruders .
It is an electronic device that is connected to the battery being
installed in and gets activated when the owner of the
building is leaving the building by moving the switch to the
“set” position. When the system is in this “set” position,
if intruder open and enters the building the alarm will start to
blow after 20 seconds indicating that unauthorized has
entered the building. The device and the “reset” switch are not
seen but, it has an indicator light which shows that the
alarm has been activated and it can only be reset by the owner of
the building when return...[read more to downlooad
complete material]
0179]. DESIGN AND CONSTRUCTION OF A CURTAIN
OPENER AND CLOSER SYSTEM: This circuit will
open and close the curtain of your home and office just by
pushing a switch. So with the help of this unique circuit,
we do not need to move from one place to open and close the
curtain. This circuit is used for household use,
particularly for smaller doors and windows. Due to its small size
and readily available components, it can be
effortlessly fixed with a curtain...[read more to downlooad
complete material]
FAILURE NOTIFICATIONS FROM ISOCKET :
Power failure may be caused by various factors: an overload on
the power plant, a thunderstorm, cable breakage
during excavations. Whatever the reason you will be notified as
soon as the power failure occurred in your remote
area and you can act accordingly. This device notified the user
when the remote power off condition has occurred. It
is an intelligent device iSocket, which has a power off alarm
function. This smart device is designed for remote
control devices. You can command remote power on, remote
power off via an SMS or a phone call. As soon as the
system experiences power failure you will receive a power
failure alarm...[read more to downlooad complete
material]
BACK /UTILITY POWER RETURN ALERT: power
back or utility power return alert which is also known as Power
restoration alarm is a monitoring device that will
trigger a buzzer when the mains supply is restored. This device
is helpful to inform the restoration of power supply to
some critical installation such as a pump in a fish tank. Once the
buzzer sound, one will know that there is a
restoration of power supply and actions need to be taken to
switch ON and OFF all necessary appliances...[read more
0182]. DESIGN AND CONSTRUCTION OF A RADIO
FREQUENCY JAMMER : A Radio Frequency jammer
is a device used to disrupt or prevent communication via a
broadcasted RF signal. Simultaneously, they can blocks all
commercial FM broadcast band (87.5 MHz to 108 MHz) and
GSM signal transmissions within the jammer's
transmission range. The device can possibly block these
frequencies by transmitting a dirty signal (like noise) on the
same frequency at which the GSM and radio system operates. A
Radio Frequency jammer transmits a radio frequency
signal on the same frequency at which the radio system operates
and the jamming succeeds when the radio sets in the
area where the jammer is located are disabled...[read more to
0183]. DESIGN AND CONSTRUCTION
RECHARGEABLE AC LAMP USING ENERGY BULB :
This work
is on Rechargeable AC lamp which is a rechargeable source of
light that is generated from an AC sources and stored
in a rechargeable battery which is to be used during power
outage using an energy saving bulb as the lighting device.
It also serves as immanency sources of light mostly used when
there is failure from out public power supply
(P.H.C.N)...[read more to downlooad complete material]
RECHARGEABLE LANTERN USING LED:Nowadays,
because of
low energy or power consumption, low heat emission, low cost,
the portability, wider application, LEDs are highly
used than florescent in lantern. For instance, LEDs use about
half the wattage of fluorescent lighting, about 6 watts of
power versus 14 watts of power for a CFL light bulb. For an
LED bulb’s lifespan, about 340 kilowatt hours of
electricity is used. Fluorescent bulbs used over 60,000 hours (6
bulbs) will use around 840 kilowatt hours of
electricity, also The light focuses on where the bulb is pointed
rather than bathing the wider area in light. Because of
all these advantages makes energy bulb highly applicable in
rechargeable lantern design.
This work is on Rechargeable LED lamp which is a
rechargeable source of light which uses AC source to recharge,
the stored energy is to be used when there is power outage. It
also serves as immanency sources of light mostly used
when there is failure from out public power supply (P.H.C.N)...
RECHARGEABLE ELECTRONIC MOSQUITO
REPELLENT : The aim of this work is to design a device
which can produce ultrasound in the frequency range of
20 kHz to 38 kHz, which can scare away mosquitoes using a
rechargeable power source...[read more to downlooad
complete material]
ELECTRONIC MOSQUITO REPELLENT :This work is
titled design and construction of an electronic mosquito repellent
circuit. Mosquito repellents like coils, mats, liquid
vaporizers, creams are often used at various places. However
they are prone to be fatal and can cause harm to human
beings. For instance, mosquito repellent creams and oils can
cause adverse affects on the skin like allergic reactions.
Coils, mats can produce toxic fumes when heated and cause
breathing trouble, whereas liquid vaporizers can also
produce fumes when heated...[read more to downlooad
complete material]
RECHARGEABLE SOCKET: This work is on design and
construction of a rechargeable socket. Rechargeable socket is a
consumer electronics device used for powering and
charging low power electronics device such as cell phone
charger, rechargeable lantern and other low power devices.
It comprises one or more electrochemical cells. The
rechargeable batteries generate smaller voltage which then
provides a mains voltage to the wall socket. Therefore, a
transformer is plugged into the wall socket and produces the
necessary voltage for powering appliances. The batteries are
rated at 9.0v, and a current of 262 mA. The wall socket
provides a voltage of 220v. This device can be charged by
electricity...[read more to downlooad complete material]
RECHARGEABLE STANDING FAN : This work is on
rechargeable standing fan. The project involves using mains
power supply to recharge power standing fan.
Rechargeable standing fan, charges with mains power supply,
then the charged battery is used to run the fan when
there is power outage...[read more to downlooad complete
material]
REMOTE ACTIVATED ELECTRONIC DOOR BELL:
Remote activated electronic bell is a signaling device typically
placed near an entry door to a building. When a visitor
presses the remote the bell rings inside the building, alerting the
occupant to the presence of the visitor.
A remote activated electronic doorbell is a handy little electronic
device that makes it possible to operate doorbell
wirelessly. The visitor or operator remotely sends an infrared or
IR signal to a receiver that triggers the bell...[read
0190]. DESIGN AND CONSTRUCTIONOF A SENSOR
OPERATED AUTOMATIC DOOR SYSTEM: The
project is titled design and construction of a sensor operated
automatic door system. Opening and closing of doors is
always a tedious job, especially in places like shopping malls,
hotels and theatres where a person is always required
to open the door for visitors. This project proposes a system of
automatic opening and closing of door by using
sensors. The PIR sensor transmitter emit infrared radiation from
a considerable distance and sends it to the receiver,
commanding the receiver to either open the gate or to close it.
This sensing signal is fed to a controller to operate a
door motor through motor driver IC. The sensor sends a logical
command to open the door. The door automatically
closes with a fixed time delay...[read more to downlooad
complete material]
0191]. DESIGN AND CONSTRUCTION OF A SECURITY
GATE SYSTEM : This project is titled the design
and construction of a security gate system. It is designed to
indicate when someone or an intruder opens the gate of
homes or industries. A security gate system is designed to be
placed on gates in homes to provide security by alerting
the residents that the gate is being opened. When a gate is
opened the buzzer will beep indicating that the gate is
opened. The buzzer sounds at 110 or 120 decibels. That sound
level is loud enough to be heard throughout most
homes. The circuit uses a single CD4093D CMOS Integrated
Circuit. The IC is a bilateral switch CMOS IC to
indicate when the gate is opened. However, the aim of this
project is to design a security gate system that will give an
indication whenever any gate in a home is opened...[read more
0192]. DESIGN AND CONSTRUCTION OF A SECURITY
ALARM: A security alarm is a system designed to
detect intrusion – unauthorized entry – into a building or area.
Security alarms are used in residential, commercial,
industrial, and military properties for protection against burglary
(theft) or property damage, as well as personal
protection against intruders. Car alarms likewise protect vehicles
and their contents. Prisons also use security systems
for control of inmates...[read more to downlooad complete
material]
0193]. DESIGN AND CONSTRUCTION OF A REMOTE
CONTROL GATE: This work is titled design and
construction of automatic or remote controlled gate. Remote
control gate is a technology that involves using remote
to control a gate. This device uses remote to control the
automatic closing and openning a gate.
A remote-control gate is a handy little electronic device that
makes it possible to get into the garage without leaving
the car or heaving up the heavy door yourself. The opener
remotely sends an infrared or IR signal to a receiver that
triggers a switch, prompting an electric motor to open or close
the garage door. Before any garage door remote works
correctly it must be within the specified range of its IR signal-
sending strength. If it is within range but still does not
work, there are ways to fix it...[read more to downlooad
complete material]
0194]. DESIGN AND CONSTRUCTION OF A SENSITIVE
CLAP SWITCH: Clap activated switch is an
electronics device that can switch on and off a light, Fan, Radio
or any other appliance by the sound of clap. This is
the system of a very sensitive clap switch. It switches ON/OFF a
White LED or electrical appliances through claps.
The circuit can sense the sound of claps from a distance of 1-2
meters. Condenser Mic picks up sound vibrations
caused by the clap...[read more to downlooad complete
material]
0195]. DESIGN AND CONSTRUCTION OF A SHADOW
DETECTOR WITH AN ALARM: Shadow alarms
are widely used for security purposes. Project can be easily
installed on the windows and doors. This circuit
demonstrates the principle and operation of a simple shadow
alarm using LDR. So it can be used at night by
shopkeepers to protect the valuables in their showrooms. A dim
lighting in the room is necessary to detect the moving
shadow. Unlike opto-interruption alarms based on light-
dependent resistors (LDRs), it does not require an aligned
light beam to illuminate the photo-sensor.
The circuit is powered by a 9V power supply and uses the most
sensitive photo-sensor L14F1 to detect shadows. It is
portable and can be used at any place that is to be monitored...
0196]. DESIGN AND CONSTRUCTION OF A SHADOW
SECURITY ALARM SYSTEM : This system sounds
an alarm whenever a shadow falls on it. Shadow alarms are
widely used for security purposes. Project can be easily
installed on the windows and doors. This circuit demonstrates
the principle and operation of a simple shadow alarm
using LDR. So it can be used at night by shopkeepers to protect
the valuables in their showrooms. A dim lighting in
the room is necessary to detect the moving shadow. Unlike opto-
interruption alarms based on light-dependent
resistors (LDRs), it does not require an aligned light beam to
illuminate the photo-sensor...[read more to downlooad
complete material]
0197]. SERVOMOTOR MAGNETIC RESONANCE
IMAGING (MRI): A servomotor is a specific type of motor
and rotary encoder combination, usually with a dedicated, that
forms a servomechanism. This assembly may in turn
form part of another servomechanism. The encoder provides
position and usually speed feedback, which by the use of
a PID controller allow more precise control of position and thus
faster achievement of a stable position (for a given
motor power)...[read more to downlooad complete material]
PASSWORD BASED DOOR LOCK SYSTEM USING 8051
MICROCONTROLLER: Traditional lock systems using
mechanical lock and key mechanism are being replaced by
new advanced techniques of locking system. These techniques
are an integration of mechanical and electronic devices
and highly intelligent. One of the prominent features of these
innovative lock systems is their simplicity and high
efficiency. Such an automatic lock system consists of electronic
control assembly which controls the output load
through a password. This output load can be a motor or a lamp
or any other mechanical/electrical load...[read more to
PASSWORD BASED CIRCUIT BREAKER: The circuit
breaker
is an absolutely essential device in the modern world, and one of
the most important safety mechanisms in your
home. Whenever electrical wiring in a building has too much
current flowing through it, these simple machines cut
the power until somebody can fix the problem. Without circuit
breakers (or the alternative, fuses), household
electricity would be impractical because of the potential for fires
and other mayhem resulting from simple wiring
problems and equipment failures. This system uses a
microcontroller and keypad to control and protect electric
power. Keypad is used to enter the password. The password
which is entered is compared with the predefined
password. If entered password is correct then the corresponding
electrical line is turned ON or OFF...[read more to
CONTROLLED POWER SUPPLY UNIT: The
paper presents the design and construction of an infrared remote
controlled power supply-switching unit, which is a
device that enables the user to operate or control the mains
power supplied from approximately 5 to 10 meters away.
The remote transmits a beam of light using an infrared light
emitting diode; this light is picked and decoded by the
receiver unit (Photodiode). The receiver only activates when it
receives the beam of light, there are no accidental
activations. The system was broken down into simpler
functional parts namely: The transmitter stage, the detector
(phototransistor) stage, the NAND Schmitt trigger stage, the
flip-flop stage and the relay stage. Details of the stages
are described in the paper...[read more to downlooad complete
material]
0201]. DESIGN AND CONSTRUCTION OF A SMOKE
DETECTOR ALARM USING PHOTO
INTERUPTER AND 555 TIMER: This project is titled design
and construction of a smoke detector alarm.
Fire/smoke alarm is an electronics device that is installed in a
building to detect the presence of fire accident. Smoke
detector alarm system is designed to detect the unwanted
presence of fire by monitoring environmental changes
associated with combustion. Smoke detector alarm systems are
intended to notify the building occupants to evacuate
in the event of a fire or other emergency, report the event to an
off-premises location in order to summon emergency
services, and to prepare the structure and associated systems to
control the spread of fire and smoke...[read more to
download complete material]
0202]. SIMULATION OF A SPACE VECTOR PWM
CONTROLLER FOR A THREE-LEVEL VOLTAGEFED
INVERTER MOTOR DRIVE: Multilevel voltage-fed
inverters with space vector pulse width modulation
strategy are gained importance in high power high performance
industrial drive applications. This paper proposes a
new simplified space vector PWM method for a three-level
inverter fed induction motor drive. The three- level
inverter has a large number of switching states compared to a
two-level inverter. In the proposed scheme, three-level
space vector PWM inverter is easily implemented as
conventional two-level space vector PWM inverter. Therefore,
the proposed method can also be applied to multilevel inverters.
In this work, a three-level inverter using space vector
modulation strategy has been modeled and simulated.
Simulation results are presented for various operation
conditions using R-L load and motor load to verify the system
model...[read more to downlooad complete material]
CONTROL GATE USING 8051
MICROCONTROLLER: This work is titled design and
construction of automatic or remote controlled gate.
Remote control gate is a technology that involves using remote
to control a gate. This device uses remote to control
the automatic closing and openning a gate.
A remote-control gate is a handy little electronic device that
makes it possible to get into the garage without leaving
the car or heaving up the heavy door yourself. The opener
remotely sends an infrared or IR signal to a receiver that
triggers a switch, prompting an electric motor to open or close
the garage door. Before any garage door remote works
correctly it must be within the specified range of its IR signal-
sending strength. If it is within range but still does not
work, there are ways to fix it. The circuit was designed, and
developed using pulse width modulation (PWM) which
is generated using 8051 microprocessor. PWM method was used
to vary the speed of the DC motor. To make it, IR
transmitter and IR sensor was used. There are two sections in the
circuit: (1) PWM generator with IR modulator and
(2) IR receiver and motor driver. The transmitter generates
PWM wave of 50hz (20ms) and modulates it over 38KHz
frequency. The IR sensor on receiver side will demodulate the
PWM wave and drives the DC motor. This work is
aimed at constructing a remote control gate using 8051
microprocessor...[read more to downlooad complete
material]
ELECTRONICS NOTICE BOARD USING LED: Electronic
Signboard is a device used for communication, to convey
information such that its receiver can make cognitive
decisions based on the information provided. In general, signage
can be classified into the following functions:
(a)Information (b)Direction(c)Identification. Light-emitting
diode (LED) technology is frequently used in signs. This
technology, first used primarily at sporting events, later
appeared at businesses, churches, schools, and government
buildings...[read more to downlooad complete material]
0205]. DESIGN AND CONSTRUCTION OF A STRESS
METER : This work is on stress meter. This stress
monitor lets you assess your emotional pain. If the stress is very
high, it gives visual indication through a lightemitting diode
(LED) display along with a warning beep. This device is based
on the principle that the resistance of
the skin varies in accordance with your emotional states. If the
stress level is high the skin offers less resistance, and
if the body is relaxed the skin resistance is high. The low
resistance of the skin during high stress is due to an increase
in the blood supply to the skin. This increases the permeability
of the skin and hence the conductivity for electric
current...[read more to downlooad complete material]
0206]. CONSTRUCTION OF A STRESSMETER AND
BLOOD PRESSURE METER: Stress can cause
hypertension through repeated blood pressure elevations as well
as by stimulation of the nervous system to produce
large amounts of vasoconstricting hormones that increase blood
pressure. Factors affecting blood pressure through
stress include white coat hypertension, job strain, race, social
environment, and emotional distress.
Stress is a normal part of life, but reducing stress can help lower
high blood pressure. Stress can be reduced by
measuring the level of it in the body. This device lets you assess
your emotional pain and blood pressure. If the stress
or the body pressure is very high, it gives visual indication
through a light-emitting diode (LED) display along with a
warning beep....[read more to downlooad complete material]
RECHARGEABLE LED LANTERN WITH DUAL
POWER
SOURCE: Nowadays, because of low energy or power
consumption, low heat emission, low cost, the portability,
wider application, LED bulbs are highly used than florescent
lamp when building lantern. This work is on LED
lantern with dual power supply which uses an AC source to
power the lamp when there is mains power supply and
also use a rechargeable battery which is charged with mains
source which is to be used during power outage using
LEDs as the lighting device. It also serves as immanency
sources of light mostly used when there is failure from out
public power supply (P.H.C.N)...[read more to downlooad
complete material]
0208]. DESIGN AND CONSTRUCTION OF A COAL-
FIRED POWER GENERATOR: Coal-fire power
generator is a power plant in which the prime mover is steam
driven, and the steam is been heated with coal. Water is
heated (with coal), turns into steam and spins a steam turbine
which drives an electrical generator. After it passes
through the turbine, the steam is condensed in a condenser and
recycled to where it was heated; this is known as a
Rankine cycle....[read more to downlooad complete material]
0209]. COMPARACTIVE ANALYSIS OF
UNDERGROUND CABLE FAULT DISTANCE
LOCATOR : Cable
fault location is the process of locating periodic faults, such as
insulation faults in underground cables, and is an
application of electrical measurement systems. Underground
distribution cables are usually characterized with
different technical difficulties regarding detecting and locating
their faults. Different factors participate into these
difficulties including their remarkable charging currents, cable
construction and variations of their equivalency
resulted from...[read more to downlooad complete material]
0210]. DESIGN AND CONSTRUCTION OF A CLOSE
CIRCUIT MONITOR: This work is titled design and
construction of a close circuit monitor. A close circuit monitor
involves using a video camera or photography camera
to monitor the situation of an environment. Closed-circuit
monitor is the use of cameras to transmit a signal to a
specific place, on a limited set of monitors. It differs from
broadcast television in that the signal is not openly
transmitted, though it may employ point to point (P2P), point to
multipoint, or mesh wireless links. Though almost all
video cameras fit this definition, the term is most often applied
to those used for surveillance in areas that may need
monitoring such as banks, casinos, airports, military
installations, and convenience stores. Many cities and motorway
networks have extensive traffic-monitoring systems, using
closed-circuit monitor to detect congestion and notice
accidents. Many of these cameras however, are owned by
private companies and transmit data to drivers' GPS
systems. This monitor utilizes a video recorder which records
and saves any event monitored for future references.
The aim of this work is to design a system that monitors the
situation of an environment through a camera which can
be view through computer system immediately or after the
monitoring...[read more to downlooad complete material]
0211]. DESIGN AND CONSTRUCTION OF A DUAL
POWER SUPPLY: This work is on a dual power supply. A
dual output power supply is a power source that provides two
separate Direct Current (DC) or Alternating Current
(AC) voltage outputs. Both are usually electrically isolated from
the power supply input by a transformer. The outputs
may be electrically isolated from each other as well, depending
upon the design. It may be an adjustable power
supply or it may provide fixed voltages or currents. In electrical
and electronics engineering, dual power supply are
used to supply positive polarity (+Vcc) as well as negative
polarity (-Vcc, not connected to ground!) and ground
potential to appliances...[read more to downlooad complete
material]
0212]. DESIGN AND CONSTRUCTION OF A BUS
IDENTIFICATION SYSTEM FOR THE BLIND: Many
technologies have recently made noticeable changes in several
domains. This paper will shed the light on the field of
transportation to improve the life quality of visually impaired
persons (VIPs) using some of these technologies such
as Radio Frequency identification (RFID) and wireless sensors
network. Furthermore, a mechatronic system
architecture and an appropriate design for its components will be
proposed. This system will allow VIPs to safely
catch buses with the help of an audio device and a tactile
interface through a wireless communication system (Wi-Fi)
between the transmitter and the receiver. VIPs will have the
opportunity to get information about bus/transit stop
locations and departure times or other transit schedule
information. The motivation behind this project is that buses
are vital in enabling blind people to participate fully in society,
access to facilities and services...[read more to
REGULATED POWER SUPPLY:A 9v regulated power
supply is an electronic device that supplies regulated 9v electric
energy to an electrical load. The primary function of
a power supply is to convert one form of electrical energy to
another. A 9v regulated Power supply takes in AC power
from the mains supply and delivers a DC voltage to the item
requiring power. To obtain a 9v DC power supply using
a single circuit. The circuit uses an IC 7809 for obtaining the
required voltage. The AC mains voltage will be stepped
down by the transformer T1, rectified by bridge B1 and filtered
by capacitor C1 to obtain a steady DC level .The IC
regulate this voltage to obtain a steady 9vDC. In this way 9v is
obtained...[read more to downlooad complete
material]
0214]. DESIGN AND IMPLIMENTATION OF
CUSTOMER CALL TRACKING SYSTEM : This project
report is on "Customer Call Tracking System". This system will
deal with all the aspects of CRM (Customer
Relationship Management) starting from Customer’s Problem
entry, processing, complaint resolution, tracking of
complaints as well as report generation. This is a Oracle web
application intended to provide automated solution to
customer’s problem/complaint. Customer call tracking system is
used in recording conversation between a caller and
receiver. This information can then be used to calculate your
conversion rate more effectively. You can also use call
recording for training and quality control purposes for your
customer service representatives...[read more to
0215]. DESIGN AND IMPLEMENTATION OF A
WIRELESS VIDEO SENDER: This device is for transmitting
for domestic audio and video signals wirelessly from one
location to another. It is most commonly used for sending
the output of a source device, such as a satellite television
decoder, to a television in another part of a property and
provides an alternative to cable installations...[read more to
0216]. DESIGN AND CONSTRUCTION OF RFID AND
PASSWORD BASED AUTOMATIC DOOR
ACCESS CONTROL SYSTEM: Traditional lock systems
using mechanical lock and key mechanism are being
replaced by new advanced techniques of locking system. These
techniques are an integration of mechanical and
electronic devices and highly intelligent. One of the prominent
features of these innovative lock systems is their
simplicity and high efficiency.
Such an automatic lock system consists of electronic control
assembly which controls the output load through a
password. This output load can be a motor or a lamp or any
other mechanical/electrical load...[read more to
0217]. DESIGN AND IMPLIMENTATION OF WEB
BASED BUG TRACKING SYSTEM: Bugs have been
existed as a problem in the system and they are normally
inevitable in software development. Most software bugs
arise from mistakes and errors made by people in either a
program, source code or its technical design. Huge amount
of bugs could be found in system development. It was relatively
difficult to manage bugs in simple word documents
or remember everything in one’s head. Thus Change and Bug
Tracking (CBT) System has been introduced in order to
keep track of the reported bug in the system. By using this
tracking system, every user can report and follow up the
issue in the system. This system provided a platform for users
from different departments to report issues and
understand the latest progress in a product. It consolidated and
organized information in single system and centralized
data repository for the changes and bugs in system. Besides, this
system could be accessed by team members
concurrently to improve efficiency and they can search
particular information in the system easily. It made
communication between teams more effective and all the bugs
and changes are recorded in web based system and
hence the system is scalable...[read more to downlooad
complete material]
0218].GSM-BASED DISTRIBUTION TRANSFORMER
MONITORING SYSTEM: This paper presents design
and implementation of a mobile embedded system to monitor
and record key operation indicators of a distribution
transformer like load currents, transformer oil and ambient
temperatures...[read more to downlooad complete
material]
HOSPITAL PATIENT EMERGENCY NURSE
CALL-UP SYSTEM: Much difficulty is experienced in
hospitals and nursing homes with the proper response to
calls for nurses by patients and also to matters of security.
Various systems are employed, sometimes in a rather
haphazard or makeshift manner, for calling nurses to the rooms
of patients. Most frequently, each patient has in ready
reach near the bed a push button switch which sounds a buzzer
or lights a call light at some nursing station. There is
usually no provision to keep the buzzer sounding periodically
until the call is answered or to keep the indicator light
on until the light is answered or to extinguish the light when the
call is answered. Many calls from patients go
unanswered and frequently time is wasted by making a second
response to the patients call...[read more to
0220]. DESIGN AND CONSTRUCTION OF A WIND
POWER GENERATOR: Wind results from air in motion.
Air in motion arises from a pressure gradient. Wind can be
broadly classified as “planetary” and “local”. Planetary
winds are caused by greater solar heating of the earth`s surface
near the equator than near the northern or southern
poles. This cause warm tropical air to rise and flow through the
upper atmosphere towards the poles & cold air from
the poles to flow back to the equator nearer to earth’s surface.
The power in the wind can be computed by using the
concepts of kinetics. The wind mill works on the principle of
converting kinetic energy of the wind to mechanical
energy using wind turbine. Wind turbines are made to rotate
with the blowing wind and accordingly electricity been
generated...[read more to downlooad complete material]
WIRELESS MICROPHONE: This paper presents the
design and construction of a wireless microphone FM
transmitter with a range of about 100meters.
Wireless microphone FM transmitter with a range of about
100meters. The use of cable microphones creates
inconvenience and obstruction while in use so it becomes ...
DC MOTOR SPEED AND DIRECTION
CONTROL USING RADIO FREQUENCY: Wireless remote
controlled dc motor explained in this project. Motor
control through RF communication is a very interesting
application and is widely used in robotics, electronics toys,
automation systems etc. This topic covers the way DC motors
can be driven by using the controls from a distant
place. The controls are transferred from one end to another by
employing an RF signal...[read more to downlooad
complete material]
0223]. THE DESIGN AND CONSTRUCTION OF A
WIRELESS DC MOTOR SPEED CONTROLLER
USING INFRARED: This project is titled the design and
construction of a wireless dc motor speed controller. That
is, varying the speed of DC motor from a remote place without
any wire connection. The circuit was designed, and
developed using pulse width modulation (PWM). PWM method
was used to vary the speed of the DC motor. To
make it, IR transmitter and IR sensor was used. There are two
sections in the circuit: (1) PWM generator with IR
modulator and (2) IR receiver and motor driver. The transmitter
generates PWM wave of 50hz (20ms) and modulates
it over 38KHz frequency. The IR sensor on receiver side will
demodulate sthe PWM wave and drives the DC motor...
0224]. DESIGN AND IMPLIMENTATION OF A
WIRELESS VIDEO AUDIO TRANSMITTER AND
RECEIVER OVER FREQUENCY MODE: The era of wire
or cable connection for reception of audio and video
media is almost obsolete. Now technology is making everything
wireless and stress free. This device is another
brilliant technology that can let you connect your audio and
video footage from one point to another without wires,
example connect different TVs in different locations(rooms)
from your DVR(DSTV Decoder) without running wires,
CCTV cameras to Monitor without running wires, DVD to TVs
or speakers in different rooms without running
cables...[read more to downlooad complete material]
0225]. DESIGN AND CONSTRUCTION OF WIRELESS
MOTION DETECTOR:A wireless motion detector is
a device that detects moving objects, particularly people. A
motion detector is often integrated as a component of a
system that automatically performs a task or alerts a user of
motion in an area. Wireless motion detectors form a vital
component of security, automated lighting control, home
control, energy efficiency, and other useful systems.
Wireless motion detector do not require drilling, and they
communicate with the other security system components
wirelessly...[read more to downlooad complete material]
DOOR BELL: Today the traditional wired type of
doorbells are gradually getting obsolete and are being replaced
by the advanced wireless type of doorbells that are
easier to install due to their hassle free set-ups. Wireless
doorbell system generally comprises at least one RF
transmitter powered by a battery or other power source, such as
existing electrical wiring, and a RF receiver. In
response to the depression of a button or other activating means
on the transmitter, an electrical circuit is completed
within the transmitter which energizes an oscillator or other
means for generating a RF signal. The generated RF
signal is then, with the aid of an antenna, transmitted a certain
distance for reception by the receiver. The receiver
alerts, for example, a homeowner that the doorbell button has
been depressed by producing an audible signal, such as
a tone or melody, upon detecting the transmitted RF signal...
0227]. DESIGN AND CONSTRUCTION OF WIRELESS
LOAD CONTROLLER BY GSM: Today the
traditional wired type of doorbells are gradually getting obsolete
and are being replaced by the advanced wireless
type of doorbells that are easier to install due to their hassle free
set-ups. Wireless doorbell system generally
comprises at least one RF transmitter powered by a battery or
other power source, such as existing electrical wiring,
and a RF receiver. In response to the depression of a button or
other activating means on the transmitter, an electrical
circuit is completed within the transmitter which energizes an
oscillator or other means for generating a RF signal.
The generated RF signal is then, with the aid of an antenna,
transmitted a certain distance for reception by the
receiver. The receiver alerts, for example, a homeowner that the
doorbell button has been depressed by producing an
audible signal, such as a tone or melody, upon detecting the
transmitted RF signal...[read more to downlooad
complete material]
0228]. WORKING OF LIQUID CRYSTAL DISPLAYS
(LCD):We always use devices made up of Liquid Crystal
Displays (LCDs) like computers, digital watches and also DVD
and CD players. They have become very common
and have taken a giant leap in the screen industry by clearly
replacing the use of Cathode Ray Tubes (CRT). CRT
draws more power than LCD and are also bigger and heavier.
All of us have seen an LCD, but no one knows the
exact working of it. Let us take a look at the working of an LCD.
This work focuses on the working principle of
liquid crystal display...[read more to downlooad complete
material]
0229]. WIRELESS VIDEO SURVEILLANCE SYSTEM
USING CCTV:This work is on wireless video
surveillance system using cctv. wireless video surveillance
system using cctv is an Image monitoring device is
essential in all fields where security is required and where
continuous monitoring is required. Image monitoring is
widely used in commercial stores and banks to prevent theft, in
industries for security, in VIP’s house and offices for
security. This project auto image monitoring system consists of
sensors placed at the entrance of doors to sense the
persons coming in and going out, and is given as input to the
microcontroller. Microcontroller is programmed to turn
the camera in the direction which the person enters. Camera is
provided with the transmitter to transmit signal which
is received and interfaced with the TV to view the image...[read
0230]. DESIGN AND IMPLIMENTATION OF WIRELESS
COMMUNICATION FOR VEHICLE SAFETY:
Many accidents occur today when distant objects or roadway
impediments are not quickly detected. To help avoid
these accidents, longer-range safety systems are needed with
real-time detection capability and without requiring a
line-of-sight (LOS) view by the driver or sensor. Early detection
at intersections is required for obstacle location
around blind corners and dynamic awareness of approaching
vehicles on intersecting roadways...[read more to
MOBILE CHARGING BY INDUCTIVE
COUPLING:As power requirements for portable devices
increase, consumers are looking for easy-to-use charging
solutions that can be deployed in a wide array of environments
such as home, office, automobiles, airports, schools
and more. Wireless charging uses an electromagnetic field to
transfer energy between two objects. This is usually
done with a charging station. Energy is sent through an
inductive coupling to an electrical device, which can then use
that energy to charge batteries or run the device...[read more to
SWITCH CIRCUIT USING CD4027: Generally
appliances that we used in our home are being controlled with
the help of devices like switches, sensors. However
sometimes it is dangerous to have physical contact with these
switches. So to overcome these dangers, here we have
explained a circuit that needs no physical contact with the
appliance. In these circuits all you need is to pass your
hand above LDR. As you first pass your hand over LDR the
device connected with it started and remain in that state
till you again pass your hand above LDR...[read more to
0233]. DESIGN AND IMPLEMENTATION OF A
WALKIE-TALKIE:A walkie-talkie is a half-duplex
communication device; multiple walkie-talkies use a single
radio channel, and only one radio on the channel can
transmit at a time, although any number can listen. The
transceiver is normally in receive mode; when the user wants
to talk he presses a "push-to-talk" (PTT) button that turns off the
receiver and turns on the transmitter. Typical walkietalkies
resemble a telephone handset, possibly slightly larger but still a
single unit, with an antenna mounted on the
top of the unit. Where a phone's earpiece is only loud enough to
be heard by the user, a walkie-talkie's built-in speaker
can be heard by the user and those in the user's immediate
vicinity. Hand-held transceivers may be used to
communicate between each other, or to vehicle-mounted or base
stations...[read more to downlooad complete
material]
CONTROLLED DOOR-BELL: Now day’s
wireless control of appliance is in practice, because of its
advantage like no wire is needed, multiple controlling is
less complicated. By considering these all, the innovative group
Dreamlover Technology designed and verified the
circuit of wireless Doorbell. The controlling range of wireless
doorbell is 100M. As the wireless doorbell is wireless
based project, it is divided into two major section i.e. transmitter
and receiver...[read more to downlooad complete
material]
0235]. WIRELESS RF NETWORK CABLE TESTER:
Wireless network cable tester to check whether RF signal
is present in the network cable or not. It is a non contact version
tester and can detect the presence of RF signal from
a distance of two feet. It can be used to check all kinds of signal
cables like Ethernet cable, Modem cable, Dish TV
cable etc. The device lights an LED at the moment it accepts RF
energy around the cable...[read more to downlooad
complete material]
MOBILE BATTERY CHARGER:This work
explains a simple wireless battery charger circuit that charges
your mobile when placed near the transmitter. This
circuit may be used as wireless power transfer circuit, wireless
mobile charger circuit, wireless battery charger
circuit...[read more to downlooad complete material]
0237]. AUTOMATIC ROOM LIGHT CONTROLLER
WITH BIDIRECTIONAL VISITOR COUNTER:
Automatic Room Light Controller with Bidirectional Visitor
Counter is a reliable circuit that takes over the task of
controlling the room lights as well us counting number of
persons / visitors in the room very accurately. When
somebody enters into the room then the counter is incremented
by one and the light in the room will be switched ON
and when any one leaves the room then the counter is
decremented by one. The light will be only switched OFF
until all the persons in the room go out. The total number of
persons inside the room is also displayed on the seven
segment displays. The microcontroller does the above job. It
receives the signals from the sensors, and this signal is
operated under the control of software which is stored in ROM.
Microcontroller AT89S52 continuously monitor the
Infrared Receivers. When any object pass through the IR
Receiver's then the IR Rays falling on the receivers are
obstructed. This obstruction is sensed by the Microcontroller...
CAR IMMOBILIZER: Master Lock anti-theft car
immobilizer is wireless. It disables the starter motor or fuel
pump automatically when you turn off the car. It is
designed to turn itself off and allow the car to start again when
the driver returns. These are factory new units,
however they don't have instructions and we aren't sure how
fresh the small coin battery (CR2032) in the remotes are.
To use just unplug your existing relay and plug in the Master
Lock starter sentry relay. The Master Lock starter sentry
relay has a complete 64 bit rolling code receiver built into the
relay case (a real accomplishment of miniaturization)
so that would be thieves are blocked out...[read more to
0239]. DESIGN AND CONSTRUCTION OF A LOW AND
HIGH VOLTAGE MONITOR: Low and high
voltage monitor is designed to protect electrical appliances from
over voltage as well as under voltage. The
under/over voltage monitor circuit with time delay presented in
this work is a low cost and reliable circuit for
protecting such equipments from damages. Whenever the power
line is switched on it gets connected to the appliance
only after a delay of a fixed time. If there is hi/low fluctuations
beyond sets limits the appliance get disconnected. The
system tries to connect the power back after the specific time
delay, the delay being counted from the time of
disconnection. If the power down time (time for which the
voltage is beyond limits) is less than the delay time, the
power resumes after the delay: If it is equal or more, then the
power resumes directly...[read more to downlooad
complete material]
0240]. DESIGN AND CONSTRUCTION OF A HIGH AND
LOW VOLTAGE CUT-OFF WITH TIME
DELAY: The power line fluctuations and cut-offs causes
damages to electrical appliances connected to the line. It is
more serious in the case of domestic appliances like fridge and
air conditioners. If a fridge is operated on low voltage,
excessive current flows through the motor, which heats up, and
get damaged...[read more to downlooad complete
material]
0241]. DESIGN AND CONSTRUCTION WIRELESS
SCADA TELEMETRY RADIOS: This work is on
wireless SCADA telemetry radios. SCADA is the acronym for
Supervisory Control and Data Acquisition. SCADA is
a computer-based system for gathering and analyzing real-time
data to monitor and control equipment that deals with
critical and time-sensitive materials or events...[read more to
TRANSMITTER: An FM transmitter is an electronic
device which, with the aid of an antenna, produces radio waves.
The transmitter itself generates a radio frequency
excited by this alternating current, the antenna radiates
radio waves...[read more to downlooad complete material]
0243]. DESIGN AND CONSTRUCTION OF A YAGI-UDA
ANTENNA: This project is on yagi-uda antenna.
Yagi-Uda antenna is a directional antenna consisting of multiple
parallel elements in a line, usually made of metal
rods. Yagi-Uda antennas consist of a single driven element
connected to the transmitter or receiver with a
transmission line, and additional parasitic elements: a so-called
reflector and one or more directors...[read more to
0244]. DESIGN AND CONSTRUCTION OF A YAGI-UDA
ANTENNA FOR LOCAL TELEVISION
STATION: Yagi is very widely used as a high-gain antenna on
the HF, VHF and UHF bands. It has moderate gain
which depends on the number of elements used, typically
limited to about 17 dBi, linear polarization, unidirectional
(end-fire) beam patternwith high front-to-back ratio of up to 20
db. and is lightweight, inexpensive and simple to
construct...[read more to downlooad complete material]
ELECTRONIC BELL WITH INDICATING LIGHT:An
electronic bell is a signaling device typically placed near an
entry door to a building. When a visitor presses a button
the bell rings inside the building, alerting the occupant to the
presence of the visitor. Modern house bells are
electric — they are actuated by an electric switch...[read more
0246]. DESIGN AND FABRICATION OF A FOUNDRY
SAND MIXER USING LOCALLY AVAILABLE
MATERIALS:Most small foundry shops mix their sand
manually which is not efficient since homogenous mix
cannot be guaranteed and even when foundry mixer are
available most of them are imported costing the nation huge
foriegn exchange. A foundry sand mixer capable of mixing
foundry sand has been designed and fabricated using
locally available material. The sand mixer components machine
frame, mixing pan, motor support, gear box speed
reducer, Shaft, discharge door and Mixing blades were
designed ,produced and assembled together to produce the
mixer. A step-turned shaft of diameters 23mm and 33mm
attached to a 2hp, 3 phase electric motor to transmit the
torque required to effectively turn and mix the sand in the pan.
The mixer test results show that the average mixing
time of the sand mixer to mix 20kg of sand was 14minutes and
the mixer efficiency was 52%.The fabricated mixer
compare favourably with the the imported existing one which
has an efficiency of 59%.The application of this sand
mixer by foundry shops will eliminate the use manual effort
which is cumbersome, time wasting and inefficient.It
will also save the the country of huge foreign exchange used in
the importation of foundry sand mixers...[read more
AUTOMATIC EMERGENCY LIGHTING SYSTEM: An
emergency light is a battery-backed lighting device that switches
on automatically when a building experiences a
power outage. Emergency lights are standard in new commercial
and high occupancy residential buildings, such as
college dormitories. Most building codes require that they be
installed in older buildings as well. It is powered by a
NiCad battery that is being charged by the main power line
when there is no blackout...[read more to downlooad
complete material]
0248]. DESIGN AND CONSTRUCTION AN AUTOMATIC
VOLTAGE STABILIZER: A voltage stabilizer is
an electrical appliance used to feed constant voltage current to
electrical gadgets like ACs and computers, and
protects them from damage due to voltage fluctuations. It works
on the principle of a transformer, where the input
current is connected to primary windings and output is received
from secondary windings. When there is a drop in
incoming voltage, it activates electromagnetic relays which add
to more number of turns in the secondary winding,
thus giving higher voltage which compensates for loss in output
voltage. When there is rise in the incoming voltage,
the reverse happens, and, thus, the voltage at the output side
remains almost unchanged...[read more to downlooad
complete material]
0249]. DESIGN AND CONSTRUCTION OF A VEHICLE
TRACKING SYSTEM USING GPS AND GSM
MODEM: Currently almost of the public having an own
vehicle, theft is happening on parking and sometimes
driving insecurity places. The safe of vehicles is extremely
essential for public vehicles. Vehicle tracking and locking
system installed in the vehicle, to track the place and locking
engine motor. The place of the vehicle identified using
Global Positioning system (GPS) and Global system mobile
communication (GSM). These systems constantly watch
a moving Vehicle and report the status on demand. When the
theft identified, the responsible person send SMS to the
microcontroller, then microcontroller issue the control signals to
stop the engine motor. Authorized person need to
send the password to controller to restart the vehicle and open
the door. This is more secured, reliable and low cost...
0250]. DESIGN AND CONSTRUCTION OF A VARIABLE
POWER SUPPLY: This project work is on design of
a variable power supply. This work makes it possible for
someone that wants to run, say a 3v radio with a power
supply without using 2 * 1.5AA battery or powering any other
device of higher or lower voltage rating without
considering buying a new power supply. A variable power
supply is an electronic device that supplies different level
of electric energy to an electrical load. The primary function of a
variable power supply is to supply different
electrical energy to loads that fall at the same rating limit...[read
0251]. DESIGN AND CONSTRUCTION OF A VACUUM
CLEANER: Dust can be harmful to somesone’s health,
mostly people with respiratory conditions like asthma, chronic
obstructive airways disease (COAD) or emphysema
even small dust particle inhaled may cause irritation of the
eyes,coughing,sneezing, hayfever or asthma attacks. In
workshop, dust and dirty can cause serious damage to health as
well as reducing the effectiveness of your machine, or
even causing damage to it. To avoid this, vacuum cleaner may
be used. Vacuum cleaner is a device that uses an air
pump to create a partial vacuum to suck up dust and dirt, usually
from floors, and from other surfaces such as
upholstery and draperies. The dirt is collected by either a
dustbag or a cyclone for later disposal...[read more to
AUTOMATIC VEHICLE DETECTOR USING RFID
TECHNOLOGY:Currently almost of the public having an own
vehicle, theft is happening on parking and
sometimes driving insecurity places. The safe of vehicles is
extremely essential for public vehicles. Vehicle tracking
and locking system installed in the vehicle, to track the place
and locking engine motor. The place of the vehicle
identified using Global Positioning system (GPS) and Global
system mobile communication (GSM). These systems
constantly watch a moving Vehicle and report the status on
demand. When the theft identified, the responsible person
send SMS to the microcontroller, then microcontroller issue the
control signals to stop the engine motor. Authorized
person need to send the password to controller to restart the
vehicle and open the door. This is more secured, reliable
and low cost...[read more to downlooad complete material]
0253]. DESIGN AND FABRICATION OF VERTICAL
ANIMAL FEED MIXER: This paper presents the design
and fabrication of a poultry feed industrial tumble mixer. The
design computations to handle a 50Kg mass of feed was
done in the MS Excel environment for proper machine design
approach. The machine was designed using proper
material selection was done before the assembling and
fabrication of parts. The efficiency of the machine, its
associated cost of production and the product obtained after few
minutes of mixing were outstanding, thereby, making
the design acceptable and cost effective...[read more to
0254]. DESIGN AND CONSTRUCTION OF A HIGH
(<40db) VHF – UHF RECEIVING ANTENNA:
Television antenna, or TV aerial, is an antenna specifically
designed for the reception of over-the-air broadcast
television signals, which are transmitted at frequencies from
about 41 to 250 MHz in the VHF band, and 470 to
960 MHz in the UHF band in different countries...[read more to
0255]. DESIGN AND CONSTRUCTION OF A VEHICLE
INTERIOR LIGHTING WITH SWITCH OFF
DELAY: Nowadays, a switch-off delay for the vehicle interior
lighting is a naturally a standard feature. However,
with certain models having only spartan fittings, or older-model
vehicles, you’re left sitting in the dark as soon as you
climb in and close the door...[read more to downlooad complete
material].
0256]. EFFECT OF TEMPERATURE ON THE
VISCOSITY OF WATER, MILK AND CORN OIL:
Viscosity
describes a fluid's internal resistance to flow and may be thought
of as a measure of fluid friction. For example, highviscosity
felsic magma will create a tall, steep stratovolcano, because it
cannot flow far before it cools, while lowviscosity mafic lava
will create a wide, shallow-sloped shield volcano...[read more
0257]. DESIGN AND CONSTRUCTION OF A VOICE
OPERATED FIRE EXTINGUISHER VEHICLE:This
project is titled design and construction of voice operated fire
extinguisher vehicle. Voice operated fire extinguisher
vehicle is a robot designed for extinguishing fire through a voice
recognition voice via a wireless approach. It will use
voice-to-digital signal conversion which is transmitted via radio
frequency communication to the robotic vehicle. The
robotic vehicle will contain a water sprinkler. The robot should
move in the desired direction as per voice command.
The project aims at designing an intelligent voice operated fire
extinguishing robotic vehicle which can be controlled
wirelessly through RF communication. The Robotic vehicle has
a camera mounted on it...[read more to downlooad
complete material]
0258]. CONSTRUCTION OF A VOLTAGE-OPERATED
EARTH LEAKAGE PROTECTION
SYSTEM:Voltage-operated Earth Leakage protection system is
a voltage operated circuit breaking device. The
device will function when the Current passes through the Earth
Leakage protection system. Voltage- operated Earth
Leakage protection system contains relay Coil which it being
connected to the metallic load body at one end and it is
connected to ground wire at the other end...[read more to
0259]. DESIGN AND CONSTRUCTION OF VOLTAGE
SELECTOR USE IN THE LABORATORY WITH
VOLTAGE OUTPUT OF 12, 9, 6, 4.5 AND 3VOLTS: This
project work is on design of a voltage selector power
supply. This work makes it possible for someone that wants to
run, say a 3v radio with a power supply without
powering any other device of higher or lower voltage rating
without considering buying a new power supply. A
voltage selector power supply is an electronic device that
supplies different level of electric energy to an electrical
load. The primary function of a selected power supply is to
supply different electrical energy to loads that fall at the
same rating limit...[read more to downlooad complete material]
WINDPUMP: A windpump is a type of windmill which is used
for
pumping water. In wind pump, the blades of the windmill wheel
catch the wind—just like the sails on a sailboat—
which turns the wheel (rotor). The wheel is attached to a shaft
by long arms. The shaft has small pinion gears at the
other end, inside a gearbox. The pinion gears drive larger bull
gears, which move pitman arms. The pitman arms push
a sliding yoke up and down, above the bull gears (much like a
crankshaft, connecting rod, and piston in a standard
vehicle engine). The moving yoke lifts and drops the pump rod
to do the work down below...[read more to
ALERT INFORMATION: Water leaks, large or small
can and do cause thousands of pounds, if not hundred of
thousands of pounds of damage to schools, factories, farms,
shops & homes very single year.This is becoming a bigger
problem year on year, as global warming and construction
upon flood plains increases. Obviously a small water leak from a
pipe cannot be put down to global warming, but as
insurance companies have to keep paying out larger and larger
amounts of money for large floods each year, they are
also putting more and more restrictions and clauses in their
policies.
This may mean, that not only do you have the problem of
clearing up the water damage, you may also have the added
problem of having to fund the repairs yourself due to your
insurance company refusing to pay out...[read more to
0263]. DESIGN AND CONSTRUCTION OF A WHISTLE
TO BEEP CIRCUIT: This device produces a beeping
sound that lasts for around 3 seconds whenever you make a
whistle. The CMOS Hex inverter CD4049 is the heart of
this circuit. Out of the six inverters in CD4049, U1a is wired as
an audio amplifier which amplifies the signal picked
up by the microphone M1.The U1b is wired as a band pass filter
with center frequency around 2KHz.The filter is
necessary in order to pass the frequency corresponding to
whistling sound and suppress all other frequencies .If the
filter is not there, the circuit could easily get false triggered.U1d
is wired as a 3S delay monostable multivibrator...
0264]. DESIGN AND CONSTRUCTION OF A WAILING
ALARM:A wailing alarm is a loud noise making
device. Civil defense sirens are mounted in fixed locations and
used to warn of natural disasters or attacks. Wailing
alarm is used on emergency service vehicles such as
ambulances, police cars and fire trucks. There are two general
types: pneumatic and electronic. Wailing alarm serve double
duty as tornado or civil defense sirens, alerting an entire
community of impending danger. Most fire sirens are either
mounted on the roof of a fire station, or on a pole next to
the fire station. Fire sirens can also be mounted on or near
government buildings, on tall structures such as water
towers, as well as in systems, where several sirens are
distributed around a town for better sound coverage. Most fire
sirens are single tone and mechanically driven by electric motors
with a rotor attached to the shaft. Some newer sirens
are electronically driven by speakers, though these are not as
common...[read more to downlooad complete material]
STEREOPHONIC AMPLIFIER: This work is titled the
design and construction of 100W Stereophonic amplifier.
Stereophonic amplifier is also known or called Audio power
amplifier, which is a device for increasing the audio power of a
signal by use of an external energy source. It is design
to meet up with the amplification demand in homes, offices,
industries and especially in music industries. Audio
power amplifier amplifies low-power audio signals (signals
composed primarily of frequencies between 20Hz –
20kHz, the human range of hearing) to a level suitable for
driving loudspeakers and is the final stage in a typical
audio playback chain, While the input signal to an audio
amplifier may measure only a few hundred microwatts, its
output may be tens, hundreds, or thousands of watts...[read
PATIENT HEARTBEAT AND TEMPERATURE
MONITORING SYSTEM:This work is on microcontroller
based heart rate and body temperature measuring device
with LCD output. Heart rate of the subject is measured from the
index finger using IRD (Infra Red Device sensors
and the rate is then averaged and displayed on a text based
LCD). The device alarms when the heart beat & the body
temperature exceed the provided threshold value. This threshold
value is defined by the programmer at the time of
programming the microcontroller 89C8051. The threshold value
given for the project is as 20 to 120 pulses per
minute for heart beat indication & 18°C to 38°C for temperature.
This information i.e. the Heart Rate and the Body
Temperature is then transmitted wirelessly to the doctor which
in not in the vicinity of the patient through GSM
technique. The sensors measure the information and transmit it
through GSM Modem on the same frequency as on
which cell phones work...[read more to downlooad complete
material]
0267]. DESIGN AND CONSTRUCTION OF A VOLTAGE
AMPLIFIER: An amplifier increases the voltage,
current, or power of a signal. Amplifiers are used in wireless
communications and broadcasting, and in audio
equipment of all kinds. They can be categorized as either weak-
signal amplifiers or power amplifiers.
Weak-signal amplifiers are used primarily in wireless receivers.
They are also employed in acoustic pickups, audio
tape players, and compact disc players. A weak-signal amplifier
is designed to deal with exceedingly small input
signals, in some cases measuring only a few nanovolts (units of
10-9 volt).
Voltage amplifier puts out a higher voltage than the input
voltage. When you are forced to work with a set amount of
voltage, these amplifiers are commonly used to increase the
voltage and thus the amount of power coming out of a
circuit. This is useful for reading and adapting small signals
such as boosting an audio signal before sending it on its
way to speakers. The voltage amplifier is a form of the common
emitter amplifier, which relies on the transistor; the
amplification of voltage is dependent on the ratio of resistors on
the collector and emitter of this transistor...[read
0268]. DESIGN AND CONSTRUCTION OF A USB AIR
CONDITION: Air conditioning (often referred to as
A/C or AC) is the process of altering the properties of air
(primarily temperature and humidity) to more comfortable
conditions, typically with the aim of distributing the conditioned
air to an occupied space such as a building or a
vehicle to improve thermal comfort and indoor air quality. In
common use, an air conditioner is a device that lowers
the air temperature. The cooling is typically achieved through a
refrigeration cycle, but sometimes evaporation or free
cooling is used. Air conditioning systems can also be made
based on desiccants...[read more to downlooad complete
material]
0269]. DESIGN AND CONSTRUCTION OF USB MOBILE
CHARGER: This work is on constructing of USB
mobile charger. Now the charging of your mobiles has been
made easy with the help of USB outlets present in the
Laptop and PC. For the charging of your mobile phone, this
circuit provides you a regulated voltage of 4.7 volts. 5
volts of DC voltage and 100mA of current is being provided by
the USB outlet which is well enough for the mobile
phone charging slowly. We can use this circuit to charge the
mobile while we are in journey also. For constructing
USB mobile charger, there is a need of USB cable and the cable
must have minimum one male plug with a strip back
of about 5cm having external padding and safeguard from the
“uncovered” end of the USB cable. In general the USB
cables are made up of four cables of colors red, while along with
black and green ( along with the protestors). As the
wire of green and white are used to transfer the data, so there is
no need of that wire hence these wires can be
trimmed (there we should need to pay attention that the wires
within their padding and are not exposed). Typically
black color wire is negative one while the red color wire is
positive one. 5V is the voltage that we get from the USB
port. And more than 500mA current cannot be supplied to the
device that is attached to the USB port. Attached the
power line with the USB plug examine the right polarity...[read
0270].THE DESIGN AND CONSTRUCTION OF A THREE
PHASE AUTOMATIC PHASE SELECTOR:The
basic aim of the design and construction of this three phase
automatic phase selector is to demonstrate how contactors
can be used to switch in between three lines or phases e.g “RED,
YELLOW AND THE BLUE PHASE” without
interfering with the contacts.Phase selector is able to switch
between phases with the aid of inter-locking one phase to
the other either one phase circuit is dependant on the other phase
circuit which means that two phase circuit which
those two phases cannot come on at the same time.Hence this
has been achieved by the use of operational amplifier,
timing circuit and high current relay switches and it is powered
by 12V dc power supply...[read more to downlooad
complete material]
0271]. DESIGN AND CONSTRUCTION OF SPEED
CHECKER AND OVERS-PEED DETECTION FOR
HIGHWAYS: This work is on a device to detect rash driving
on highways and to alert the traffic authorities in case
of any violation. In past, lot of devices to detect rash driving on
highways has been made.Most of the approaches
require human concentration and involve a lot of effort, which is
difficult to implement. In this paper we intend to
design a system aimed at early detection and alert of dangerous
vehicle driving patterns related to rash driving. The
speed limit is set by the police who use the system depending
upon the traffic at the very location. The time taken by
the vehicle to travel from one set point to the other is calculated
by control circuit and displays that on seven segment
displays. Moreover, if the vehicle crosses the speed limit, a
buzzer sounds alerting the police...[read more to
0272]. PROTECTING POWER GRID FROM CYBER
ATTACK: The nation's electrical grid, a sprawling
network of substations, transformers and transmission lines,
such as these in Chester, and other countries in Africa –
such as Nigeria, is highly susceptible to cyber and physical
attacks by saboteurs or terrorists, security officials say.
This work deals on how power grid can be protected from cyber
attack...[read more to downlooad complete
material]
0273]. LOW FREQUENCY OSCILLATION DUMPING BY
STATIC SYNCHRONOUS SERIES
COMPENSATION: This paper proposes designing of Static
Synchronous Series Compensator (SSSC) based
damping controller to enhance the stability of a Single Machine
Infinite Bus (SMIB) system by means of Invasive
Weed Optimization (IWO) technique. Conventional PI
controller is used as the SSSC damping controller which takes
rotor speed deviation as the input. The damping controller
parameters are tuned based on time integral of absolute
error based cost function using IWO. Performance of IWO
based controller is compared to that of Particle Swarm
Optimization (PSO) based controller. Time domain based
simulation results are presented and performance of the
controllers under different loading conditions and fault scenarios
is studied in order to illustrate the effectiveness of
the IWO based design approach...[read more to downlooad
complete material]
0274]. AUTOMATIC ROOM LIGHT CONTROLLER
WITH BIDIRECTIONAL VISITOR COUNTER: This
Project ―”Automatic Room Light Controller with Bidirectional
Visitor Counter” is a reliable circuit that takes over
the task of controlling the room lights as well us counting
number of persons / visitors in the room very accurately.
When somebody enters into the room then the counter is
incremented by one and the light in the room will be
switched ON and when any one leaves the room then the
counter is decremented by one. The light will be only
switched OFF until all the persons in the room go out. The total
number of persons inside the room is also displayed
on the seven segment displays. The microcontroller does the
above job. It receives the signals from the sensors, and
this signal is operated under the control of software which is
stored in ROM. Microcontroller AT89S52 continuously
monitor the Infrared Receivers. When any object pass through
the IR Receiver's then the IR Rays falling on the
receivers are obstructed. This obstruction is sensed by the
Microcontroller...[read more to downlooad complete
material]
0275]. DESIGN AND CONSTRUCTION OF AUTOMATIC
SLIDING DOOR WITH OBJECT DETECTOR:
The project is titled design and construction of an automatic
sliding door with object detector. Opening and closing of
sliding doors is always a tedious job, especially in places like
shopping malls, hotels and theatres where a person is
always required to open the door for visitors. If we install this
automatic sliding door opener using object detection
circuit, the circuit will automatically sense the presence of the
person and it opens the sliding door...[read more to
0276]. DESIGN AND CONSTRUCTION OF A U-TUBE
HEAT EXCHANGER: In buses, fluid used to cool
down the diesel engine is often passed through a heat exchanger
and the heat it reclaims is used to warm cold air from
outside that is pumped up from the floor of the passenger
compartment. That saves the need for having additional,
wasteful electric heaters inside the bus. A car radiator is another
kind of heat exchanger. Water that cools the engine
flows through the radiator, which has lots of parallel, aluminum
fins open to the air. As the car drives along, cold air
blowing past the radiator removes some of the heat, cooling the
water and heating the air and keeping the engine
working efficiently...[read more to downlooad complete
material]
ULTRASONIC WATER LEVEL CONTROLLER WITH
8051 MICROCONTROLLER: In our day-to-day life, we
frequently use different types of sensors in various
electronic appliances such as proximity sensor-mobile phone,
motion sensor-automatic door operating system,
temperature sensor-automatic fan speed controller, LDR sensor-
automatic street light system or automatic outdoor
lighting system, and so on. Similarly, to avoid the overflow of
water in overhead tank or water container we can use
the ultrasonic sensor based electronic circuit. This article
discusses about ultrasonic water level controller using
8051...[read more to downlooad complete material]
0278]. THE IMPACT OF GSM JAMMER ON SERVICE
DELIVERY AND ITS APPLICATIONS IN
LECTURE AUDITORIUM: Mobile phone jammer is an
instrument used to prevent cellular phones from receiving
signals from base stations. When used, the jammer effectively
disables cellular phones. These devices can be used in
practically any location, but are found primarily in places where
a phone call would be particularly disruptive because
silence is expected. Jamming is usually distinguished from
interference that can occur due to device malfunctions or
other accidental circumstances. Devices that simply cause
interference are regulated under different regulations.
Unintentional 'jamming' occurs when an operator transmits on a
busy frequency without first checking whether it is in
use, or without being able to hear stations using the frequency.
Another form of unintentional jamming occurs when
equipment accidentally radiates a signal, such as a cable
television plant that accidentally emits on an aircraft
emergency frequency...[read more to downlooad complete
material]
INTELLIGENT TRAFFIC LIGHT CONTROL SYSTEM:
This work is on design of an intelligent traffic control system
traffic light, also known as traffic signal, stop light,
traffic lamp, stop and go light, robots or semaphore, are
signaling devices positioned at road inspections, pedestrian
crossing, and other locations to control competing flows of
traffic. Intelligent Traffic Light Controllers are based on
microcontroller and microprocessor. These TLC have
limitations because it uses the pre-defined hardware, which is
functioning according to the program that does not have the
flexibility of modification on real time basis. Due to the
fixed time intervals of green, orange and red signals the waiting
time is more and car uses more fuel
...[read more to downlooad complete material]
0280]. CONSTRUCTION OF CHARGING UNIT OF AN
INVERTER FOR 3KVA INVERTER ON
HYBRID:Charger recharges the inverter batteries. It also allows
any surplus AC power to pass through and power
downstream AC loads, such as a television set. When AC power
is disconnected, the unit inverts DC battery power
into AC electricity. Charging unit of an inverter charges the
inverter battery automatically when battery voltage is
below the specified voltage. The charging unit automatically
shut off the charging process when battery attains full
charge...[read more to downlooad complete material]
ALARM PANEL: The fire alarm panel is the central
element of any fire alarm system. All devices are connected to
the fire panel, which typically provides power to them
and information is relayed back and forth to determine whether
there is a fire and if so activate an appropriate
warning. This device receives information from environmental
sensors designed to detect changes associated with
fire, monitors their operational integrity and provides for
automatic control of equipment, and transmission of
information necessary to prepare the facility for fire based on a
predetermined sequence. The panel may also supply
electrical energy to operate any associated sensor, control,
transmitter, or relay...[read more to downlooad complete
material]
0282]. DEVELOPMENT OF A DIGITAL FORENSIC
ANALYSIS FOR SIM CARD: Smart cards are
fundamental technology in modern life. It is embedded in
numerous devices such as GPS devices, ATM cards, Mobile
SIM cards and many others. Mobile devices became the
evolution of technology. It becomes smaller, faster and
supports large storage capabilities. Digital forensics of mobile
devices that maybe found in crime scene is becoming
inevitable. The purpose of this research is to address the SIM
cards digital forensics analysis. It presents sound
forensic methodology and process of SIM cards forensic
examination. In particular, the main aim of the research is to
answer the following research questions: (1) what forensic
evidence could be extracted from a SIM card and (2) what
are limitations that may hinder a forensic analysis?...[read more
0283]. CONSTRUCTION OF A TELEPHONE: This project
work is on a telephone. A telephone is an instrument
that transmits voice over a distance. A person can talk and
communicate with another person at distant place with the
use of a telephone. A telephone is a device that converts the
human sound into a form that is transmittable through
wire or radio technology, and reproduces it at a far away place
in an audible format. A telephone receives the voice of
one person through the microphone, transmit it over long
distance in a way that the receiver can listen to the voice
through the speaker provided with the telephone...[read more to
RECHARGEABLE LAMP USING LED WITH
CHARGING
MONITORING AND CONTROLLING SYSTEM:
Nowadays, because of low energy or power consumption, low
heat emission, low cost, the portability, wider application, LED
bulbs are highly used than florescent lamp when
building lantern. This work is on LED lantern with dual power
supply which uses an AC source to power the lamp
when there is mains power supply and also use a rechargeable
battery which is charged with mains source which is to
be used during power outage using LEDs as the lighting device.
It also serves as immanency sources of light mostly
used when there is failure from out public power supply
(P.H.C.N)...[read more to downlooad complete material]
0285]. DESIGN AND CONSTRUCTION OF A DIGITAL
FREQUENCY COUNTER: Digital frequency counter
is an electronic instrument, or component of one, that is used for
measuring frequency. Frequency counters usually
measure the number of oscillations or pulses per second in a
repetitive electronic signal. It detects the frequency value
and displays that value with the help of the LCD employed.
Depending on the power supply the value of the
frequency on the LCD changes. Most frequency counters work
by using a [counter] which accumulates the number of
events occurring within a specific period of time. After a preset
period (1 second, for example), the value in the
counter is transferred to a display and the counter is reset to
zero. If the event being measured repeats itself with
sufficient stability and the frequency is considerably lower than
that of the clock oscillator being used, the resolution
of the measurement can be greatly improved by measuring the
time required for an entire number of cycles, rather
than counting the number of entire cycles observed for a pre-set
duration. Frequency counters are commonly used in
laboratories, factories, and field environments to provide direct
frequency measurements of various devices...[read
FREQUENCY METER: Digital frequency meter
measures power supply frequency in the range 48 – 52 Hz to an
accuracy of three decimal places has been designed
and constructed using an 8-bit micro-controller. In addition to
determining the frequency and frequency deviation, it
also maintains a system clock and a synchronous clock and finds
the time difference between them as a measure of
the time integral of frequency deviation over a given period...
SOLAR INVERTER: This work is on design and
construction of a 3KVA solar inverter. Solar inverter converts
the variable direct current (DC) output of a photovoltaic
(PV) solar panel into a utility frequency alternating current (AC)
that can be fed into a commercial electrical grid or
used by a local, off-grid electrical network. It is a critical
ordinary AC-powered equipment. In solar inverter, Solar panels
produce direct electricity with the help of electrons
that are moving from negative to positive direction. Most of the
appliances that we use at home work on alternative
current. This AC is created by the constant back and forth of the
electrons from negative to positive. In AC electricity
the voltage can be adjusted according to the use of the appliance.
As solar panels only produce Direct current the
solar inverter is used to convert the DC to AC...[read more to
SOLAR INVERTER: This work is on solar inverter
converts direct current (DC) output of a photovoltaic (PV) solar
local, off-grid electrical network. It is a critical balance
of system (BOS)–component in a photovoltaic system, allowing
the use of ordinary AC-powered equipment. Solar
power inverters have special functions adapted for use with
photovoltaic arrays, including maximum power point
tracking and anti-islanding protection...[read more to
0289]. THE DESIGN AND CONSTRUCTION A 1.5KVA
AUTOMATIC VOLTAGE STABILIZER USING
MICROCONTROLLER AND DISPLAY:Voltage stabilizers
are used for many appliances in homes, offices and
industries. The mains supply suffers from large voltage drops
due to losses on the distribution lines en route. A
voltage stabilizer maintains the voltage to the appliance at the
nominal value of around 220 volts even if the input
main fluctuates over a wide range.
In this work, an automatic voltage stabilizer that can be adapted
to any power rating. Its intelligence lays in the
program on PIC 16F873A —a low-cost microcontroller that is
readily available. The circuit, when used with any
appliance, will maintain the voltage at around 220V even if the
input mains voltage varies between 90V and 240V.
This acts within 100ms to produce a smoothly varying output
whenever input mains voltage changes. (Servo
stabilizers move a variable contact on a toroidal auto
transformer to adjust the output when input goes up and down,
which takes seconds.)
The PIC16F877A is an RISC (reduced instruction set computer)
microcontroller with 35 instructions, and hence
program development with it is rather tough. But, there are good
support programs...[read more to downlooad
complete material]
0290]. DESIGN AND CONSTRUCTION A 1KVA
titled the design and construction of a 1kvaAutomatic Voltage
station generator plants, voltage stabilizer control the
voltage...[read more to downlooad complete material]
PURE SINEWAVE POWER INVERTER SYSTEM:
This project is titled the design and construction of a pure sine
wave inverter system. Pure sine wave inverters
produce a pure sine wave output. This means the power output
from a pure sine wave inverter is the same as the
mains supply.
What you may not know is that not all inverters are created
equal. The output from many inverters is a modified sine
wave, inferior to the 240 volt mains power supply. Pure sine
wave inverters produce a pure sine wave output....[read
An inverter converts DC power to standard AC power. Inverters
are used to operate electrical equipment from the
power produced by a car or boat battery or renewable energy
sources, like solar panels or wind turbines. DC power is
what batteries store, while AC power is what most electrical
appliances need to run so an inverter is necessary to
convert the power into a usable form. For example, when a cell
phone is plugged into a car cigarette lighter to
recharge, it supplies DC power; this must be converted to the
required AC power by a power inverter to charge the
phone. There are different types of inverters with different sine
wave, but in this work we are focusing on the pure
sine wave type of inverter...[read more to downlooad complete
material]
mains supply. What you may not know is that not all inverters
are created equal. The output from many inverters is a
modified sine wave, inferior to the 220 volt mains power supply.
Pure sine wave inverters produce a pure sine wave
output. A pure sine wave is not only critical for the correct
functioning of high end electronic equipment, it will...
PURE SINEWAVE POWER INVERTER
SYSTEM:This project is titled the design and construction of a
pure sine wave inverter system. Pure sine wave
inverters produce a pure sine wave output. This means the
power output from a pure sine wave inverter is the same
as the mains supply. What you may not know is that not all
inverters are created equal. The output from many
inverters is a modified sine wave, inferior to the 220 volt mains
power supply. Pure sine wave inverters produce a
pure sine wave output. A pure sine wave is not only critical for
the correct functioning of high end electronic
equipment, it will...[read more to downlooad complete
material]
mains supply. What you may not know is that not all inverters
are created equal. The output from many inverters is a
modified sine wave, inferior to the 220 volt mains power supply.
Pure sine wave inverters produce a pure sine wave
output. A pure sine wave is not only critical for the correct
functioning of high end electronic equipment, it will...
AUTHOMATIC BATTERY CHARGER USING
SCR: A battery is a device which can store energy in chemical
form and convert that energy into electrical energy
when needed. It can be secondary (rechargeable) or primary
(Non rechargeable) Rechargeable batteries have an
advantage over primary batteries with the fact that they can be
reused. This is possible by charging a battery, i.e.
feeding energy to the secondary cell by forcing electric current
through it. A battery basically consists of number of
cells, with each cell consisting of two electrodes immersed in an
electrolyte solution consisting of an acid and
distilled water. In charged state, one of the electrodes consists of
a metal whereas the other consists of metal oxide.
The acid enables flow of ions between the two electrodes...[read
BATTERY FULL CUT-OFF AND DIGITAL DISPLAY:
This project is on an 12 volts automatic battery charger
with battery full cut-off and digital display. An automatic battery
charger is an acid battery charger that is designed to
charge any acid battery. In this work, a voltage sensor circuit is
incorporated to sense the voltage of the battery under
charge. The charger has the ability to automatically switched
OFF when the battery voltage reaches the required
optimum level with the help of the relay relay, the transistor and
the zener diode when bend the current back to the
system, and the system have the ability to indicate when the
battery is charging or not, when the battery is empty or
fully charged through the digital display...[read more to
AUTOMATIC BATHROOM LIGHT WITH BACK-UP
LAMP:Sometimes we forget to switch off the bathroom light
and it remains on unnoticed for long periods. This
circuit solves the problem of electricity wastage by switching off
the lamp automatically after 30 minutes once it is
switched on. The back-up LED lamp provided in the circuit
turns on for three minutes when mains fails. This is
helpful especially when you are taking a shower at night...[read
AUTOMATIC INVERTER CHANGEOVER:This
work is on change over selector switch for automatic toggling of
an inverter when AC mains is present and vice versa
and also the system must enable automatic switching of the
battery charger such that when AC mains is present the
inverter battery gets charged and when AC mains fails, the
battery gets connected with the inverter for supplying AC
to the load. The configuration should be such that everything
takes place automatically and the appliances are never
switched OFF, just reverted from inverter AC to Mains AC and
vice versa during mains power failures and
restorations...[read more to downlooad complete material]
AUTOMATIC EMERGENCY LIGHTING SYSTEM:An
when there is no blackout...[read more to downlooad
complete material]
AUTOMATIC WATER LEVEL CONTROLLER: This
project is titled the design and construction of an automatic
water level controller system with water heater
compartment. It is designed to control flow and pumping of
water to over-head tank and at the same time heat the
water in the heat compartment for human usage. The Water
Level Controller System is an Electronic Equipment
which when electrically connected to the starter of any given
pump -set motor will control the operation of the pumpset
water in the tank...[read more to downlooad complete
material]
AUTHOMATIC BATTERY CHARGER: A battery
charger is an electrical device employed for charging batteries.
These batteries that are usually charged by battery
charger are the storage battery chargers are the storage batteries
also known as “accumulator” the battery charger
changes. The alternating current forms the power line into d.c
suitable for charging. When the battery is fully
changed, is up to it’s maximum, 12 volt, the charger with
automatically stop changing with the help of the contact
relay, the transistor and the zener diode when bend the current
back to the system...[read more to downlooad
complete material]
0303]. THE DESIGN AND CONSTRUCTION A 10KVA
is titled the design and construction of a 10KVA Automatic
Voltage Stabilizer. It is designed to meet up with the AC
the line...[read more to downlooad complete material]
0304]. DESIGN AND CONSTRUCTION OF AN AUDIO
EQUALIZER: This work is on audio equalizer. An
equalizer allows the sound in specified frequency bands to be
amplified or reduced, in order to adjust the quality and
character of the sound. There are different types of equalizer for
various uses, such as the parametric equalizers that
are controlled using the knobs built into each mixer channel, or
the graphic equalizers that allow multiple frequency
bands to be adjusted using sliders. Rarely are the sounds of
microphones and instruments that are input to the mixer
perfect for delivery as-is to the venue. When mixing music that
involves many instruments, some parts may
inevitably be difficult to pick out. In this situation, adjusting
only volume and panning is not sufficient, and equalizers
can be used to adjust each frequency band to make the best
characteristics of each instrument stand out. This work
focuses on the graphic equalizer which allows multiple
frequency band control in audio system...[read more to
0305]. THE DESIGN AND CONSTRUCTION OF A 35
WATT AUDIO STEREO POWER AMPLIFIER: This
work is titled the design and construction of a 35 Watt
Amplifier. An audio Amplifier is a device for increasing the
audio power of a signal by use of an external energy source. It is
design to meet up with the amplification demand in
homes, offices, industries and especially in music industries. An
audio Amplifier low-power audio signals (signals
composed primarily of frequencies between 20 - 20 000 Hz, the
human range of hearing) to a level suitable for
driving loudspeakers and is the final stage in a typical audio
playback chain, While the input signal to an audio
output may be tens, hundreds, or thousands of watts...
0306]. PERFORMANCE EVALUATION OF A BASIN-
TYPE SOLAR DISTILLERY: Adequate quality and
reliability of drinking water supply is a fundamental need.
Without potable water or drinking water (less than about
500 ppm of salt) human life is not possible. Only 1% of Earth's
water is in a fresh, liquid state, and nearly all of this is
polluted by both diseases and toxic chemicals. For this reason,
purification of water supplies is extremely important.
Keeping these things in mind, we have devised a model which
will convert the saline ground water into pure and
potable water using the renewable source of energy (i.e. solar
energy). Solar energy is an abundant, never lasting, and
available on site and pollution free energy. Solar Energy is
freely available and can be used as a very cheap option to
convert saline ground Water through Solar Distillation, by using
Solar Stills. The conventional single basin and single
slop Passive Solar Still can be used to purify water but the main
problem is that the per square meter distillate output
is less. So it is need to modify the design of solar still for high
output of solar distillate...[read more to downlooad
complete material]
POWER AMPLIFIER: This work is titled the design and
construction of 100W power amplifier. Audio power amplifier is
a device for increasing the audio power of a signal
by use of an external energy source. It is design to meet up with
the amplification demand in homes, offices,
industries and especially in music industries. Audio power
amplifier amplifies low-power audio signals (signals
composed primarily of frequencies between 20Hz – 20kHz, the
human range of hearing) to a level suitable for
driving loudspeakers and is the final stage in a typical audio
playback chain, While the input signal to an audio
output may be tens, hundreds, or thousands of watts.This
device is designed to deliver appreciable 100w power to the
load. Audio Power amplifiers may be called upon to
supply power ranging from a few watts in an audio amplifier to
many thousands of watts to a load (speaker). In audio
amplifiers the load is usually the dynamic impedance presented
to the amplifier by a loudspeaker, and the function is
to maximize the power delivered to the load over a wide range
of frequencies...[read more to downlooad complete
material]
0308]. THE DESIGN AND CONSTRUCTION OF A 45
WATT AUDIO AMPLIFIER: This work is titled design
and construction of a 45 Watt Amplifier. An audio Amplifier is
a device for increasing the audio power of a signal by
use of an external energy source. It is design to meet up with the
amplification demand in homes, offices, industries
and especially in music industries. An audio Amplifier low-
power audio signals (signals composed primarily of
frequencies between 20 - 20 000 Hz, the human range of
hearing) to a level suitable for driving loudspeakers and is
the final stage in a typical audio playback chain, While the input
signal to an audio amplifier may measure only a few
hundred microwatts, its output may be tens, hundreds, or
thousands of watts.This device is designed to deliver
appreciable 45 Watt power to the load. Audio Power amplifiers
may be called upon to supply power ranging from a
few watts in an audio amplifier to many hundreds or thousands
of watts to a load (speaker). In audio amplifiers the
load is usually the dynamic impedance presented to the
amplifier by a loudspeaker, and the function is to maximize
the power delivered to the load over a wide range of
frequencies...[read more to downlooad complete material]
THERMOMETER: The project is titled “The design
and construction of a digital thermometer”. The device display
temperature information numerically. Thus help to
avoid the limitation due to parallax error in analogue device.
The whole system incorporates a microcontroller which
is interfaced to other components. This component include
temperature sensor, an analogue -to-digital converter, an
8051 microcontroller and a 16x2 LCD display unit. The
temperature sensor used is thermistor. The sensor senses
temperature and generates an analogue voltage which is
proportional to the sensed temperature...[read more to
0310]. DESIGN AND FABRICATION OF AN ELECTRIC-
GAS-CHARCOAL POWERED OVEN (TRIPLEX
POWERED OVEN): Due to irregular power supply common
in developing countries, as well as growing high cost
of hydrocarbon, the need arises for the development of a triple
energy source that uses electricity, gas and charcoal for
heating oven chambers. The triplex-powered oven is a
combination of components that make possible the use of
alternative heat sources. The upper chamber is powered by
electricity, the middle chamber is powered charcoal whilst
the lower chamber works for the supply of gas located outside
the chamber as a heat source. In the upper chamber is a
heating element that generates and dissipates heat within the
enclosure. The element is connected to a thermostat that
regulates the rate of heat generation in the system. Cooking gas
is supplied to the burner located in the lower chamber
of the oven via a pipe connection to the gas cylinder while the
heat required from the charcoal oven is supplied by the
coal. Perforations allow for heat dissipation within the lower
chamber. The performance test gave oven efficiency of
95.2 per cent. The oven can be adapted for both domestic and
industrial purposes and have been found very useful in
bakery industries....[read more to downlooad complete
material]
0311]. DESIGN AND CONSTRUCTION OF
TEMPERATURE CONTROL CIRCUITS: This project is
titled
design and construction of a temperature control circuits. It is
designed to control the temperature of the electric such
as electric kettle, oven, incubator to a variable range (0°C
-100°C) which must be set by the user or operator. And this
can be achieved by the use of temperature sensor known as
THERMISTOR. This thermistor is a temperature control
device with a high or low resistance value which can go high or
low when the temperature is increased or reduced
depending on the type. In this project, 100C is used as a set
temperature. And this device is design in such a way that
when the temperature of the liquid inside the kettle is reached,
the heater of the device will automatically switched-off
and will maintain the off stage until when the temperature the
liquid is dropped 97°C, and then it will switch-ON
again in other to maintain that 100°C. And this automatic feature
is controlled by a high current relay...[read more to
0312]. DESIGN AND CONSTRUCTION OF A FACTORY
WORKER ALCOHOL DETECTOR WITH
AUTOMATIC SHUTDOWN SYSTEM: The main purpose
behind this project is “Drunk working detection”. Now
a days, many accidents are happening our factories because of
the alcohol consumption of factory worker more
especially engine/machine operators. Thus Drunk machines
operating is a major reason of accidents in almost all
countries all over the world. Alcohol Detector in factory project
is designed for the safety of the people working
inside the factory.This device measures alcohol intake, displays
percentage of alcohol and also automatically
shutdown the machine the drunk person is operating (or about to
operate) if it is above a particular threshold. Here we
use an alcohol sensor circuit along with LCD display and a relay
for shutting down the system...[read more to
ALARM PANEL: The fire alarm panel is the central
element of any fire alarm system. All device are connected to
the fire panel, which typically provides power to them
and information is relayed back and forth to determine whether
there is a fire and if so activate an appropriate
warning. This device receives information from environmental
sensors designed to detect changes associated with
fire, monitors their operational integrity and provides for
automatic control of equipment, and transmission of
information necessary to prepare the facility for fire based on a
predetermined sequence. The panel may also supply
electrical energy to operate any associated sensor, control,
transmitter, or relay...[read more to downlooad complete
material]
0314]. FOOT STEP POWER GENERATION USING
PIEZOELECTRIC SENSOR: This work is on foot step
power generation using piezoelectric sensor. In this foot step
power generation project is designed to convert foot
step, walking and running energy into electrical energy. It is
used to generate electricity from by walking or running
on foot step. The demand of electrical energy is increasing day
by day. But power generation conventional resources
are now not enough for total demand of electrical energy.
Therefore many researchers and engineers are working on
non conventional ways of electrical power generation. Foot step
power generation system is also a non conventional
electrical energy production system. It converts mechanical
energy of foot steps into electrical energy by using
transducers. It can be implemented on roads, bus stations and
many public places. Foot step power generation system
basically converts force energy of foot into electrical energy by
using piezoelectric sensor. Piezoelectric sensor is
transducer which converts force energy into electrical energy...
0315]. ESTIMATION OF SOLAR ISOLATION OF
TEMPERATURE VARIATION FROM SOLAR HEATED
LIQUID:Renewed interest of solar as an energy source in
heating systems has gained relevance in various fields and
in agricultural operations such as dairy farm hot water supply
and food preservation. Microwave heating and food
irradiation using solar systems have also been used on
commercial scale. Many of these applications require heated
air at relatively low temperatures. Traditional heat production is
through wood, natural gas or LP gas. Fuel wood
account for over 50% of the overall energy consumption in
Nigeria, about 80% of these are consumed as firewood
mainly in the rural households...[read more to downlooad
complete material]
0316]. DESIGN AND CONSTRUCTION OF A CAR ANTI-
THEFT PROTECTION WITH BUZZER: This
project work is titled design and construction of a car anti-theft.
A car anti-theft device is an electronic security device
fitted to an automobile that prevents an intruder or unauthorized
person from moving the car to a far distance. The
system demobilizes the car after few seconds the user moved the
car. This is the circuit diagram of car anti-theft to
protect and increase the security of your car, prevent your from
stealing. This circuit is very simple, low cost and easy
to built. When key-operated switch S2 of the car is turned on,
12V DC supply from the car battery is extended to the
entire circuit through polarity-guard diode D5. Blinking LED1
flashes to indicate that the car protection circuit is
enabled. It works off 12V power supply along with current-
limiting resistor R4 in series...[read more to downlooad
complete material]
0317]. DESIGN AND CONSTRUCTION OF A CAR
THEFT EXPOSER: This is the circuit diagram of car theft
exposer to protect and increase the security of your car, prevent
your from stealing. This circuit is very simple, low
cost and easy to built. When key-operated switch S2 of the car is
turned on, 12V DC supply from the car battery is
extended to the entire circuit through polarity-guard diode D5.
Blinking LED1 flashes to indicate that the car
protection circuit is enabled. It works off 12V power supply
along with current-limiting resistor R4 in series...[read
MICROCONTROLLER BASED SOLAR CHARGE
CONTROLLER FOR STREET LIGHT: Solar charge
controller limits the rate at which electric current is added
to or drawn from solar panel to electric batteries. It prevents
overcharging and may protect against overvoltage,
which can reduce battery performance or lifespan, and may pose
a safety risk. It may also prevent completely
draining (“deep discharging”) a battery, or perform controlled
discharges, depending on the battery technology, to
protect battery life. The terms “charge controller” or “charge
regulator” may refer to either a stand-alone device, or
to control circuitry integrated within a battery pack, solar
battery-powered device, or battery charger...[read more to
0319]. DESIGN AND CONSTRUCTION OF SOLAR
CHARGE CONTROLLER:Solar charge controller limits
the rate at which electric current is added to or drawn from solar
panel to electric batteries. It prevents overcharging
and may protect against overvoltage, which can reduce battery
performance or lifespan, and may pose a safety risk. It
may also prevent completely draining (“deep discharging”) a
battery, or perform controlled discharges, depending on
the battery technology, to protect battery life. The terms “charge
controller” or “charge regulator” may refer to either
a stand-alone device, or to control circuitry integrated within a
battery pack, solar battery-powered device, or battery
charger...[read more to downlooad complete material]
COMPUTER CABLE TESTER:This project is titled the
design
and construction of a computer cable tester. It is designed to
meet up with the safety and accuracy demand in flow of
signal in computer cable. It is design to detect If the cable
carries the signal, this indicates that all the circuits are
closed, meaning that electric current can move unimpeded
through the wires, and that there are no short circuits, or
unwanted connections, in the wire. A cable tester can identify if
the wires are paired correctly. It can also show if
there is a break in the insulation, a situation which allows
crosstalk between two wires that should not be connected.
The tester can also tell whether the cable has the proper level of
resistance...[read more to downlooad complete
material]
0321]. IMPROVING THE RESPONSE TIME OF AN ATM
BASED ELECTRONIC PAYMENT SYSTEM
USING RECURSIVE ALGORITHM: Systems that facilitate
card-less financial transactions are provided. The
innovation enables card-less ATM (automated teller machine)
transactions such as cash withdrawals, transfers,
balance inquiries, etc. In aspects, customers can set up an
‘electronic wallet’ account based upon a pre-set range or
otherwise. Accordingly, access to the ‘electronic wallet’ is
granted or denied based upon responses to challenges
presented. However, often it is slow response is usually notice
on the system when performing all these transaction.
This work deals on how this slow response can be tackled using
recursive algorithms...[read more to downlooad
complete material]
0322]. DETERMINATION OF THE EARTH MAGNETIC
INTENSITY OF ULI: Earth’s magnetic field is
generated by an interaction between rotation in the planet’s core
and electrical currents. The field then creates the
magnetosphere, which acts sort of like a force field, protecting
the planet from the brunt of the sun's solar wind. This
field has both a North and South pole, which can be used for
navigational purposes, and they are not static. The field
itself is not fixed either, and about every 450,000 years or so, the
poles actually reverse. This puts the magnetic North
where the South was, and vice versa. In this work, the earth
magnetic intensity of Uli Community in Anambra State
was determined using deflection magnetometer...[read more to
0323]. ESTIMATION OF WASTES GENERATED IN
UNIVERSITY OF UYO:The purpose of this study is to
outline the major trends and challenges that will shape the future
of waste management for the next few decades in
UNIUYO. There are certain trends and facts that more or less
create the ‘bigger picture’ in which the waste
management industry will evolve. It is clear that new challenges
are emerging, and the current situation must be seen
in a different way because the disposal site is limited and also it
has to be made cost effective. Amounts of waste
generation are largely determined by two factors: first, the rate
of population increasing in UNIUYO and second, its
per capita waste generation - which are controlled by the
evolution of economic growth, life style and food habits.
The present study explains the correlation analysis of among
different factors of waste and the objective is to assess
the future waste generation stream in UNIUYO. The results
show that for a decoupling to take place between
economic growth and waste generation, the waste generation by
UNIUYO students in relation to their economic
activities must decrease in the future...{read more to download
full material}
STANDING FAN POWERED BY A 20W SOLAR
STANDING FAN: This work is on a 12v/20w solar standing
fan. The project involves using solar energy to recharge
power standing fan. Rechargeable solar standing fan, charges
with solar energy. Solar Standing fan operated either by
solar panel and battery. Solar panel charges the battery during
the day while the rechargeable supplies the energy
stored in the battery to the fan during the night...{read more to
AUTOMATIC EMERGENCY LIGHTING SYSTEM:An
when there is no blackout...{read more to download full
material}
0326]. DESIGN AND CONSTRUCTION OF AN AC/DC
POWER SUPPLY FOR ELECTRONICS DEVICE
(A CASE STUDY OF A RADIO TRANSMITTER POWER
SUPPLY) :This project is titled design and
construction of a of an ac/dc power supply for electronics
device. This power supply is basically a Production of low
voltage DC power supply from AC . Here a transformer is used
to step down the AC mains input voltage to the
required DC level...{read more to download full material}
CONTROLLED IRRIGATION SYSTEM:Costs of
diesel for irrigation systems are increasing sharply due to the
lack of availability of diesel in the markets. Moreover,
the use of diesel fuel is also more expensive in the “new lands”
due to the remoteness of desert farms. Taking into
account the costs of transportation of diesel, maintenance and
overhauling of generators, using diesel will no longer
be economically feasible or affordable for those farms in the
near future...{read more to download full material}
PARABOLIC SOLAR COOKER: The sun’s energy is really
powerful. Solar energy is renewable and it’s free. We can use it
to make electricity, to heat buildings and to cook. The
field of cooking consumes many fossil fuels such as gas and
wood. Million people cannot find enough gas and/or
wood to cook, so using solar cookers is a good idea. During this
work, we designed, built and studied a parabolic
solar cooker...{read more to download full material}
0329]. DESIGN AND FABRICATION OF AN
AUTOMATIC WHITEBOARD CLEANER: Now-a-days
white
boards are widely used in almost every educational institute.
About 70-80% educational institute around the world
uses white board as the writing medium in their class room.
They are large in size, for that reason it is very time
consuming process to erase the writings from the board with
duster...{read more to download full material}
ELECTRONICS LETTER BOX: This work is on design and
construction of an electronic letter box .This project is
developed for the users to find out whether any letter is inside
the letter box and also to display the number of letters inside the
letter box. An IR Transmitter and Receiver are
connected at the opening of the letter box. In normal operation,
the rays transmitted from the transmitter falls on the
receiver. When anyone puts letter inside the letter box, the letter
hides the rays and thereby the receives no signal at
the particular instance. Thus it senses that there is a letter inside.
The I.C connected with the sensor counts that there
is one letter inside. When the next letter is put inside the letter
box, the sensor senses the letter and the
microcontroller counts two. The same way it counts all the
letters inside. A display and buzzer is connected inside the
house. The owner of the house can identify the number of letters
inside the letter box. When the letter box is opened,
the IC resets and the count goes to zero...{read more to
ELECTRONICS LETTER BOX WITH COUNTERS AND
INDICATORS:This work is on design and construction of an
electronic letter box with counters and indicators.This
project is developed for the users to find out whether any letter
is inside the letter box and also to display the number
of letters inside the letter box. An IR Transmitter and Receiver
are connected at the opening of the letter box. In
normal operation, the rays transmitted from the transmitter falls
on the receiver. When anyone puts letter inside the
letter box, the letter hides the rays and thereby the receives no
signal at the particular instance. Thus it senses that
there is a letter inside. The microcontroller connected with the
sensor counts that there is one letter inside. When the
next letter is put inside the letter box, the sensor senses the letter
and the microcontroller counts two. The same way
it counts all the letters inside. A display and buzzer is connected
inside the house. The owner of the house can
identify the number of letters inside the letter box...{read more
to download full material}
ELECTRONICS LETTER BOX WITH COUNTERS AND
WIRELESS FEEDBACK:This work is on design and
construction of an electronic letter box with counters and
wireless feedback. This project is developed for the users to find
out whether any letter is inside the letter box and
also to display the number of letters inside the letter box thereby
sending the senders name via mobile phone.An IR
Transmitter and Receiver are connected at the opening of the
letter box. In normal operation, the rays transmitted
from the transmitter falls on the receiver. When anyone puts
letter inside the letter box, the letter hides the rays and
thereby the receives no signal at the particular instance. Thus it
senses that there is a letter inside...{read more to
INFRARED SHADOW DETECTOR WITH AN ALARM:
This shadow alarm circuit can sense a moving shadow in a
confined area. It can be used to protect things from theft.
When somebody approaches the unit, it will give a loud alarm to
abort the attempt of theft. The circuit uses the light
sensing property of the Photo diode. The circuit uses the light
sensing property of the PIN Photodiode. The p-n
junction of the photo diode gives light current when it is forward
biased, it is designed as a voltage comparator...
{read more to download full material}
0334]. DESIGN AND CONSTRUCTION OF A GSM
(PHONE) BASED HOME AUTOMATION SYSTEM
USING ARDUINO: This device is design to monitor and
control electrical devices (Analog and Digital) remotely
using GSM modem/phone. The GSM modem provides the
communication mechanism between the user and the
microcontroller system by means of SMS messages. User can
control multiple electrical devices by sending suitably
formatted SMS message to the microcontroller based control
system. These SMS commands are interpreted by
microcontroller system and are validated. If the SMS command
received is valid then it takes the necessary action to
control the said devices. This system also continuously monitors
the status of devices connected to it. If the status of
any critical device changes from ON to OFF or vice versa, then
microcontroller based system automatically sends the
SMS alerts back to user. After completion of the command
implementation this system sends the confirmation
messages back to the calling user...{read more to download full
material}
PASSWORD BASED DOOR LOCK SYSTEM USING 8051
MICROCONTROLLER: This system demonstrates a
password based door lock system wherein once the correct
code or password is entered, the door is opened and the
concerned person is allowed access to the secured area. Again
if another person arrives it will ask to enter the password. If the
password is wrong then door would remain closed,
denying the access to the person...{read more to download full
material}
PASSWORD BASED CIRCUIT BREAKER: The circuit
breaker
is an absolutely essential device in the modern world, and one of
the most important safety mechanisms in your
home. Whenever electrical wiring in a building has too much
current flowing through it, these simple machines cut
the power until somebody can fix the problem. Without circuit
breakers (or the alternative, fuses), household
electricity would be impractical because of the potential for fires
and other mayhem resulting from simple wiring
problems and equipment failures. This system uses a
microcontroller and keypad to control and protect electric
power. Keypad is used to enter the password. The password
which is entered is compared with the predefined
password. If entered password is correct then the corresponding
electrical line is turned ON or OFF...{read more to
AUTOMATIC DOOR ALARM SYSTEM USING PASSIVE
INFRARED (PIR) BASED :The project is on a passive
infrared (PIR) based automatic door alarm system used in
places like shopping malls, hotels and theatres. This project
proposes a system of automatic sensing any body
movement object near the door. This is achieved with help of a
PIR (Passive Infrared) sensor. A live body generally
emits infrared energy which is sensed by the PIR sensor from a
considerable distance. This sensing signal is fed to an
integrated circuit to trigger a buzzer. When a body approaches
within the operating range of the sensor, it sends a
logical command through an alarm indicating that someone is
approaching the door. If there is no further movement
within the PIR operating range...{read more to download full
material}
ELECTRONICS NOTICE BOARD USING LED: As the
name implies, the purpose of having a notice board is to pass
notice to the public or passerby of the particular place it
is been placed or mounted. Notice board is a surface intended
for the posting of public messages, for example, to
advertise items wanted or for sale, announce events, or provide
information. This notice board is made of a light
emitting diode, or they can be placed on the road or public
places so people can other people to read and see. LED
notice board uses lighting as a means of conveying their
information. Light-emitting diode (LED) is highly used
because it is way of way to increase visibility...{read more to
0339]. DESIGN AND IMPLEMENTATION OF
ELECTRONICS SEQUENTIAL SIGN PATTERN
DISPLAY:
This design implementation of this electronic sequential sign
post display employs the use of some specialized
components. This section of the project introduces the reader to
the different section of the project and the
components that makes them up. Emphasis are laid on
describing the behaviour and operational system of the
components as related to the project modeling, analysis, design
and implementation of an ELECTRONIC SIGN
POST, which is made up of a power supply, a shift register, a
counter, multivibrator (555CMOSI.C) transistor, relay,
resistors of different ohmic values capacitors...{read more to
0340]. ELECTRICAL DESIGN AND DRAFTING OF A
STANDARD SWIMMING POOL:Humans have
enjoyed swimming pools for thousands of years, but they
haven't always installed electric lights in them or circulated
the water with pumps. Adding those and other electric features
makes pools potentially lethal, and more enjoyable.
But one of the challenges then was that no one can swim in the
night time because of darkness.
Nowadays, an enjoyable and standard swimming pool is the one
with a complete electrical installation. The main
reasons of installing electricity in swimming pole are for
enjoyment, illumination, and beautification. A standard
swimming is the one that have complete electrical installation,
which composes of a water pump for automatic
pumping or refilling of water to the pool, beautiful lighting
fixture for beautification and illumination of the water and
pool environment...{read more to download full material}
0341]. DESIGN OF EXTERNAL LIGHTING USING
CONVENTIONAL POWER SUPPLY:This project is on
design of external lighting using conventional power supply. As
the name implies, an external lighting is any
electrical lighting that is fixed outside house for the illumination
of such environment or is an electrical device used
to create artificial light by use of an electric lamp that is used
outside the house. All external light fixtures have a
fixture body and a light socket to hold the lamp and allow for its
replacement.
There are so many types of external lighting system such as
fence lighting system, security lighting system for
building or house, and/or street lighting system etc. but among
all types of external lighting system, security lighting
was considered and designed in this project and a 220VAC
power supply was used to power it. This work is aimed at
designing a home security light as the external lighting using
220VAC as the power supply...{read more to download
full material}
ELECTRONIC DOOR BELL: An electronic bell is a
signaling device typically placed near an entry door to a
building. When a visitor presses a button the bell rings inside
the building, alerting the occupant to the presence of the visitor.
Modern house bells are electric — they are actuated
by an electric switch. In most wired systems, a button on the
outside next to the door, located around the height of the
doorknob, activates a signaling device (usually a chime, bell, or
buzzer) inside the building. Pressing the electronic
bell button, a single-pole, single-throw (SPST) pushbutton
switch momentarily closes the doorbell circuit. The
function of the indicator is to indicate when someone is pressing
the button...{read more to download full material}
0343]. DYNAMIC ANALYSIS OF SHUNT WOUND D.C
MOTOR:This work is on analysis of a shunt wound dc
motor. Shunt DC Motors operate on direct current. As such, the
field windings and armature are connected in a
parallel combination, and in electrical terminology a parallel
combination is known as a shunt. This type of motor is a
"shunt-wound" DC Motor and the type of winding is called a
shunt winding. The construction of a DC Shunt Motor is
the same as any other DC motor. It contains all the fundamental
parts, which include a stator (field windings), a rotor
(also known as armature), and a commutator. This work focuses
on the analysis of a Shunt wound DC Motor...{read
more to download full material}
0344].DESIGN AND CONSTRUCTION OF AN
ELECTRIC SHOCK GUN: Electric shock gun uses a
temporary
high-voltage low-current electrical discharge to override the
body's muscle-triggering mechanisms. The recipient is
immobilized via two metal probes connected via wires to the
electroshock device. The recipient feels pain, and can be
momentarily paralyzed while an electric current is being
applied. Electric shock guns are devices that put out a non
lethal, high voltage shock! Touching an attacker will
immobilized him for several minutes. The advantage of an
electric stun gun is that it is non lethal and does no permanent
damage. In spite this fact your attacker can be
immobilized for as long as 15 minutes. Exactly how long
depends on the voltage of the electric shock gun and the
duration of contact...{read more to download full material}
ELECTRIC OVEN: This paper presents the design,
construction and testing of an electric oven. A critical analysis
of the design was also carried out. The oven consisted
of the oven chamber, racks, a heating element, a variable
thermostat and a suitable lagging material. The oven was
constructed using locally available materials and technology. It
was then assembled and tested. Tests results showed
that on the average, it took 22.9 minutes and 28.8 minutes to
bake meat-pies and bread loaves respectively in the
oven...{read more to download full material}
ELECTRIC COOKER:This project entails the design and
construction of electric cooker, the cooker is powered by
electricity because it is cheap and readily available. The
energy conservation in this electric cooker involves the
conversion of electrical energy to heat energy in the system.
Materials used for the construction were selected based on their
reliability availability, maintainability and durability.
The device was tested and found to be working properly...{read
ELECTRIC GAS COOKER WITH TEMPERATURE
CONTROL OVEN: This work is on an electric gas cooker with
temperature control oven. An electric gas cooker is
an electric and gas powered cooker for heating and cooking of
food. An electric gas cooker has two different heating
place, one for electric powering and the other for gas. An
electric cooker is powered by electricity, while gas cooker
is powered by gas. A gas cooker uses natural gas, propane,
butane, liquefied petroleum gas or other flammable gas as
a fuel source. An electric cooker used to incorporate with an
oven. An oven is a thermally insulated chamber used for
the heating, baking or drying of a substance and most commonly
used for cooking. An electric cooker and oven
operates with the same power source. There will be knobs to
determine the temperature of the cooker and the oven.
The temperature of the oven is to be controlled automatically
using a temperature sensor known as thermostat or
thermistor...{read more to download full material}
0348]. DESIGN AND CONSTRUCTION OF FUELLESS
GENERATOR: This is a feature that makes it safe to
use any where when compared to generator. The programme of
work done described in this project work represents
an exploration of the working principles of a generator without
making use of fuel or any type of liquid, hence
“fuelless generator’’ which was invented by Nikola Tesla after
patenting a successful method for producing
alternating current. He claimed the invention of an electric
generator that would not ‘’consume any fuel’’. However,
the system design comprises of its method of construction,
principles of operation, experiment, test and results...{read
0349]. ELECTRONIC CODE LOCK WITH USER
DEFINED PASSWORD USING 8051
MICROCONTROLLER (AT89C51): This work is on an
electronic lock or digital lock. An electronic lock or
digital lock is a device which has an electronic control assembly
attached to it. They are provided with an access
control system. This system allows the user to unlock the device
with a password. The password is entered by making
use of a keypad. The user can also set his password to ensure
better protection...{read more to download full
material}
0350]. DESIGN OF A PHOTOVOLTAIC CELL WITH
COPPEROXIDE ELECTRODE: This work focuses on
designing photovoltaic cell using copperoxide electrode Copper
(I) oxide (Cu 2 O) is a potential material for the
fabrication of low cost solar cells for terrestrial application. A
detailed survey on the previous work so far carried out
on Cu 2 O based solar cells has been presented in this work...
0351]. NEW DYNAMIC MODEL OF EARTH FAULT
RELAY FOR SINGLE PHASE POWER SYSTEM:
The single-phase earth fault is the most common fault type on
high voltage transmission line. But the sensitivity of
single-phase distance relays can't satisfy the requirement of
power system for such reason a dynamic model type of
earth was introduced to achieve that security required. Very high
levels of faulty current in electrical power systems
are usually caused by short circuit faults between phases or
between phases and earth...{read more to download full
material}
0352].DESIGN AND CONSTRUCTION OF AN
ECONOMICAL WATER PUMP CONTROLLER:This
project
is titled the design and construction of an economical water
pump controller which is also known as an automatic
water level controller system. It is designed to control flow and
pumping of water to over-head tank. The economical
water pump controller is an Electronic Equipment which when
electrically connected to the starter of any given pump
-set motor will control the operation of the pumpset depending
upon the water level in the Source and Destination
Storage Tanks. It Switches ON the Pump-set when Water level
drops below pre-set level (i.e. T2 level) in Overhead
Tank, Switches OFF the Pump-set when Water level in
Overhead Tank becomes full (i.e. T1 level),Switches OFF the
Pump-set when Water level is low in tank (i.e. S2 level), and
Switches ON the Pump-set when there is sufficient
water in the tank.This work is aim at constructing an economical
water pump controller that will control the flow and
pumping of water in the overhead and underground tank...{read
0353]. POWER TRANSFORMER WINDING THERMAL
ANALYSIS CONSIDERING LOAD CONDITION
AND TYPE OF OIL: This paper presents steady state
temperature distribution of a power transformer layer-type
winding using conjugated heat transfer analysis, therefore
energy and Navier-Stokes equations are solved using finite
difference method. Meanwhile, the effects of load conditions
and type of oil are investigated using the model. Oil in
the transformer is assumed nearly incompressible and oil
parameters such as thermal conductivity, special heat,
viscosity, and density vary with temperature. Comparing the
results with those obtained from finite integral transform
checks the validity and accuracy of the proposed method...{read
0355]. PROTECTION OF A 33KV TRANSMISSION
LINE:Transmission line power systems are associated with
serious issues of faults on high voltage transmission lines.
Instant isolation of fault is necessary to maintain the
system stability. Protective relay utilizes current and voltage
signals to detect, classify, and locate the fault in
transmission line...{read more to download full material}
0356]. POWER SYSTEM RELIABILITY IN NIGERIA:The
importance of power system reliability is
demonstrated when our electricity supply is disrupted, whether it
decreases the comfort of our free time at home or
causes the shutdown of our companies and results in huge
economic deficits. The objective of Assessment of Power
System Reliability is to contribute to the improvement of power
system reliability...{read more to download full
material}
0357]. PRICING/TARIFF MECHANISM
METHODOLOGY OF ELECTRICITY IN NIGERI:The
price at
which electricity is sold is known as tariff for electricity and
several factors come into play while determining the
tariff. Normally the tariff of electricity is mentioned in rate per
kilowatt hour of power consumed or rate per kWh. 1
kWh refers to the amount of electricity consumed when an
appliance of one kilowatt power rating runs for one full
hour or sixty minutes. Of course all appliances have different
power ratings so the power consumption is calculated
accordingly. For example a half kilowatt appliance would need
to run for two hours to consume one unit of electricity.
The aim of this work is to discuss how electric tariff is been
calculated...{read more to download full material}
PROXIMITY DETECTION SENSOR: proximity sensor is a
sensor able to detect the presence of nearby objects without any
physical contact. Examples of proximity sensor usage
include detecting an out-of-paper condition in a printer or a
mobile phone screen that dims to save battery life when
placed near a face...{read more to download full material}
0359]. PROGRAMMABLE CONTROL OF INVERTED
FED INDUCTION MOTOR USING
CONTROLLER:This paper presents an advanced three phase
inverter topology the Source Inverter and its control
using microcontroller 89C52. Inverter employs second order
filter network at front end which provides unique buckboost
feature for inverter. The inverter can be controlled by any
traditional PWM method. Here the modified
maximum constant boost PWM method is utilized for inverter
control...{read more to download full material}
0360]. CONSTRUCTION OF PVS CONDUIT WIRING
SYSTEM OF TWO BEDROOM BUNGALOW:
Building wiring is the electrical wiring and associated devices
such as switches, meters and light fittings used in
buildings or other structures. Electrical wiring uses insulated
conductors. This project present a practical
demonstration of how to carryout the wiring of a two bedroom
bungalow, using PVC conduit system. In recent times
surface wiring is gradually giving way to conduit wiring where
much of the cable are concealed. PVC pipes are used
because of it cost friendliness, compared to metal conduit. In
carryout this construction a careful attention is given to
the IEF regulations. Calculations are made for current
consumption, space factor, diversity factors and other
necessary consideration that guarantees safely of material and
personnel...{read more to download full material}
0361]. DESIGN OF AN ELECTRICITY PREPAID
METER: Electric utilities use electric meters installed at
customers premises to measure electric energy delivered to their
customers for billing purposes. They are typically
calibrated in billing units, the most common one being the
kilowatt hour [kWh]. They are usually read once each
billing period...{read more to download full material}
0362]. DESIGN AND IMPIMENTATION OF A
PYROMETER:Pyrometer is a type of remote-sensing
thermometer used to measure the temperature of a surface. in the
modern usage, it is a device that from a distance
determines the temperature of a surface from the spectrum of the
thermal radiation it emits. A modern pyrometer has
an optical system and a detector. The optical system focuses the
thermal radiation onto the detector...{read more to
0363]. DESIGN OF AN ENVIRONMENT MONITORING
SYSTEM: Environment Monitoring System project is
developed for the users to control a Robot with Humidity sensor,
Fire sensor and metal detector. The user can control
the movements of the robot like hand up, hand down, Left and
right. When the user presses a specific button of the
computer, a signal corresponding to the operation is sent through
serial port. The microcontroller receives the signal
through serial port and controls the multi channel RF transmitter
...{read more to download full material}
0364]. DESIGN AND CONSTRUCTION OF AN ENERGY
CONSUMPTION INDICATOR: Electricity
demands in hospitals and other public places are characterized
by their need for high quality, guaranteed supplies.
The existence of captive electricity uses and the size and
regularity of the electrical and heat loads required by
hospitals are aspects that could well buttress the possibility of
installing cogeneration plants fired by natural gas
(CHP). The purpose of this project is to estimate the CHP
technical potential in hospitals. Based on a classification
of hospitals by specific energy consumption indicators, this
potential are assessed, taking into consideration gas
fueled engines associated with absorption cooling systems. A
potential figure of approximately 500 MWe was
obtained, whose effective implementation runs up against the
obstacles inherent to hospital sector...{read more to
0365]. TELECONFERENCING SYSTEM: This work is on
teleconferencing system. A teleconference is a
meeting of three or more people who are separated by distance,
using electronic communication. The participants
might be in the same city, or could be thousands of miles apart,
in different countries on different continents. They
may interact with one another, or the conference might be one-
way – a lecture or presentation that a number of
people can attend at the same time from different places.
Sometimes, there are only three or four people involved,
sometimes 25 or 30, sometimes hundreds. Teleconferencing is a
way of bringing a group of people together from
different locations without having to travel long distances...
REGULATED AC VOLTAGE STABILIZER: A voltage
stabilizer is an electrical appliance used to feed constant voltage
current to electrical gadgets like ACs and
computers, and protects them from damage due to voltage
fluctuations. It works on the principle of a transformer,
where the input current is connected to primary windings and
output is received from secondary windings. When
there is a drop in incoming voltage, it activates electromagnetic
relays which add to more number of turns in the
secondary winding, thus giving higher voltage which
compensates for loss in output voltage. When there is rise in
the incoming voltage, the reverse happens, and, thus, the voltage
at the output side remains almost unchanged...{read
CONTROL DISH ANTENNA TRACKING
SYSTEM: This work is on remote control dish antenna tracking
system. The main scope of the project is to control
the Dish antenna from a remote area. Stepper motors operate
differently from normal DC motors, which rotate when
voltage is applied to their terminals...{read more to download
full material}
0368].DESIGN AND CONSTRUCTION OF A REMOTE
MONITORING SYSTEM CONTROL SYSTEM
WITH AUTOMATIC IGNITION SYSTEM USING GSM
BLUETOOTH: Nowadays, vehicle thefts are on the
rise, and therefore, demand urgent security measures to ensure
proper security to vehicles and other transportation
systems. If this proposed system is installed in the vehicle that
someone tries to steal, then this system prompts and
sends information to the owner of the vehicle through SMS
using GSM technology. An added advantage of this
system is that the owner can send back another SMS which can
disable the ignition of the vehicle...{read more to
0369]. DESIGN AND CONSTRUCTION OF RESONANCE
TUBE: The velocity of sound in air may be found
quite simply by using the resonance of a column of air in a tube.
A tuning fork of known frequency is sounded over
the upper end, the air in the tube vibrates and a note is heard.
The length of the air column is adjusted by raising the
tube out of the water until a point is found where resonance
occurs and a loud note is produced using a resonance
tube...{read more to download full material}
0370]. DESIGN AND CONRTUCTION OF AN RF BASED
HUMAN MOVEMENT MONITORING FOR
RESTRICTED AREAS: It is the project it name is RF based
human movement monitoring for Restricted Areas.
To know the human movement is the border is a big a problem
in our country. But those systems are not reliable
and high cost and the need of the manual power. This project
has overcome the disadvantages...{read more to
0371]. DESIGN AND CONSTRUCTION OF RF
CONTROLLED ROBOTIC VEHICLE WITH LASER
BEAM ARRANGEMENT: This work on controlling a robotic
vehicle by using a RF technology for remote
operation. A low power laser light is interfaced for
demonstrating the possibilities of destroying a distant object by
its beam. An 8051 series of microcontroller is used for the
desired operation...{read more to download full
material}
0372]. DESIGN AND CONSTRUCTION OF AN RF GSM
MOBILE JAMMER: This work is on RF GSM
mobile jammer. The main purpose of this Final Year Project is
designing a mobile jammer that enables user to jam
the mobile devices at undesired places such as meeting room,
class room, library, and worship places. The mobile
device can jam all the mobile devices nearby. Therefore, it is
required to design a complete system which contents
power system, IF section and RF section...{read more to
0373]. DESIGN AND CONSTRUCTION OF RFID AND
PASSWORD BASED AUTOMATIC DOOR
ACCESS CONTROL SYSTEM:Traditional lock systems
using mechanical lock and key mechanism are being
replaced by new advanced techniques of locking system. These
techniques are an integration of mechanical and
electronic devices and highly intelligent. One of the prominent
features of these innovative lock systems is their
simplicity and high efficiency...{read more to download full
material}
0370]. DESIGN AND CONSTRUCTION RFID BASED
ATTENDANCE MANAGEMENT SYSTEM:
Attendance needs to be taken at various places including
colleges, school for students and in the industries for the
login logout time of employees. Radio Frequency Identification
(RFID) based attendance management system can
be used in any college or university or company. Main objective
of RFID based Attendance System project is to
take the attendance of students or employees. Microcontroller
does the task of storing the attendance of the
respective person in the Microcontroller memory...{read more
0370]. DESIGN AND CONSTRUCTION OF RFID BASED
GARAGE DOOR ENTRY: The RFID Garage
Door Entry System team is a project team which seeks to create
an automation solution using a relatively unharnessed
technology called Radio Frequency Identification (RFID). Using
RFID technology, the team seeks to
combine the functionality and convenience of automated remote
transmission with an existing garage door opener
system. The intent of this project was to build a system that
allowed a garage door to open wirelessly with no
interaction from the user...{read more to download full
material}
0371]. DESIGN AND CONSTRUCTION RFID BASED
HIGHWAY TOLL TAX COLLECTION SYSTEM:
Electronic toll collection system allows the vehicle drivers to
pass the toll tax booths without stopping at the toll
booths. The toll amount is deducted from the RFID card. This
RFID card is rechargeable and account is stored on
the records...{read more to download full material}
0372]. DESIGN AND CONSTRUCTION OF AN RFID
BASED SECURITY SYSTEM USING ARDUINO:
RFID based security system using arduino project detects
whether RFID card is valid or invalid. If the card is invalid
then system turns on the buzzer. However if the RFID card
shown by user is valid then the DC motor is turned on
and at the same time Relay is turned on.Arduino based RFID
access control system provides us the feature of
Automated access control system...{read more to download full
material}
0373]. DESIGN AND CONSTRUCTION OF AN RFID
BASED SECURITY SYSTEM: This work is on radio
frequency identification security system. This project aimed to
develop a wireless system to detect and allow only
the authorized persons. The system was based on Radio
Frequency Identification (RFID) technology and consists of
a passive RFID tag. The passive micro transponder tag collects
power from the 125 KHz magnetic field generated
by the base station, gathers information about the Tag ID and
sends this information to the base station...{read more
0374]. THE DESIGN AND CONSTRUCTION OF HOUSE
BELL: A house bell is a signaling device typically
placed near an entry door to a building. When a visitor presses a
button the bell rings inside the building, alerting the
occupant to the presence of the visitor. Modern house bells are
electric — they are actuated by an electric switch...
0375]. DESIGN AND CONSTRUCTION OF A 220V/12V
POWER SUPPLY SYSTEM: This work is on 220vac
to 12vac power supply using transformer, which served as a step
down transformer whose secondary voltage is less
than its primary voltage. It is designed to reduce the voltage
(220v) from the primary winding to 12v in the
secondary winding.
As a step-down unit, the transformer converts high-voltage, low-
current power into low-voltage, high-current power.
The larger-gauge wire used in the secondary winding is
necessary due to the increase in current. The primary
winding, which doesn’t have to conduct as much current, may
be made of smaller-gauge wire...{read more to
0376]. DESIGN AND CONSTRUCTION OF A 220V/110V
STEP DOWN TRANSFORMER: This work is on
220vac to 110vac power supply using transformer, which served
as a step down transformer whose secondary
voltage is less than its primary voltage. It is designed to reduce
the voltage (220v) from the primary winding to 110v
in the secondary winding. As a step-down unit, the transformer
converts high-voltage, low-current power into lowvoltage, high-
current power. The larger-gauge wire used in the secondary
winding is necessary due to the increase in
current. The primary winding, which doesn’t have to conduct as
much current, may be made of smaller-gauge wire...
0377]. DESIGN AND CONSTRUCTION OF A CANISTER
VACUUM CLEANER: Cleaning has became a
basic need of all the human beings. Throughout the world many
researchers are conducting experiments in order to
eradicate and solve the dust removing process. There should be
improvision with innovative ideas and techniques
which may ensure good health...{read more to download full
material}
0378]. THE DESIGN AND CONSTRUCTION OF HOUSE
BELL WITH INDICATING LIGHT: A house bell
is a signaling device typically placed near an entry door to a
building. When a visitor presses a button the bell rings
inside the building, alerting the occupant to the presence of the
visitor. Modern house bells are electric — they are
actuated by an electric switch...{read more to download full
material}
0379]. DESIGN AND CONSTUCTION OF LPG
(LIQUIDIFIED PETROLEUM GAS) ALARMING
SYSTEM: One of the most common types of energy source
used in domestic is propane in which liquefied gas
contains. Though the safety issues are considered by the
company, inability to differentiate between gas and other
liquid has become very common accident which can cause
damage to human lives and property. This paper presents
a low cost, power efficient centralized LP gal alarm system. The
system has two main devices: the gas detector and
the centralized alarm unit. The gas detector that is located close
to the gas usage point (gas cylinder) is a battery
operated device that is designed...{read more to download full
material}
0380]. DESIGN AND CONSTRUCTION OF A LOW FUEL
INDICATOR SYSTEM:A low fuel indicator
system for a motor vehicle comprises a light-emitting indicator
which is energized or de-energized by an output
signal derived from a voltage comparator which receives a
reference voltage from a reference voltage source and a
variable voltage signal from a time delay circuit, which variable
voltage signal is derived from a voltage signal
generated by a fuel level sensor in a fuel tank of the vehicle. The
light-emitting indicator is energized when the fuel
level in the fuel tank falls below a predetermined low level, and
time delay circuit operates to isolate the voltage
comparator and light-emitting indicator from temporary
variations in fuel level produced by "fuel-slosh" in the fuel
tank caused by variations in the motion or orientation of the
motor vehicle...{read more to download full material}
0381]. DEVELOPMENT OF A LYSIMETER TO
MEASURE THE EVAPOTRANSPIRATION OF A
PLANT: Large weighable lysimeters allow a precise
determination of the soil water balance and the quantification
of both water exchange at the soil-atmosphere interface and the
flux below the root zone toward the groundwater. If
well embedded into an equally-vegetated environment, they
reach a hitherto unprecedented accuracy in estimating
precipitation (P) by rain, dew, fog, rime and snow, and
evapotranspiration (ET). Lysimeters largely avoid errors
made by traditional measurement systems, such as the wind
error of Hellmann rain gauges, the island error of classA pans,
or errors from soil-water measurements that are subject to
subsurface heterogeneity...{read more to
0382]. DESIGN AND CONSTRUCTION OF A MACHINE
OVERHEAT DETECTION WITH ALERT:
Malfunction or failure of mechanical, electrical and electro-
mechanical equipment, for example equipment used in
manufacturing operations, is often preceded by an increase in
the operating temperature of at least some portion of
the equipment. A temperature-sensitive, active material-
containing actuator is pre-selected to operate at a predetermined
temperature indicative of impending equipment failure and
placed in thermal contact with the
equipment. If the equipment achieves the pre-selected
temperature the actuator signals this by displaying a flag or
providing some other passive visual indication...{read more to
0383]. DESIGN AND CONSTRUCTION OF A MAGNETIC
PROXIMITY SWITCH: Magnetic proximity
switches detect magnetic fields at greater distances of up to 60
mm, even through non-ferromagnetic materials like
stainless steel. Depending on the permanent magnets used,
different sensing distances can be implemented. The
permanent magnet can be installed independent of polarity and
with large tolerances, which allows many different
installation options, even in cramped spaces. Precise switching
is thus guaranteed even when used in dirty or damp
environments. This means that applications in cranes or heavy
vehicles are also easy to implement...{read more to
MICROCONTROLLER BASED WATER LEVEL
CONTROLLER USING 89C52:The Water Level Controller
System is an Electronic Equipment which when
electrically connected to the starter of any given pump -set
motor will control the operation of the pumpset
water in the tank...{read more to download full
material}
0385]. DESIGN AND CONSTRUCTION OF A 60A THREE
PHASE AUTOMATIC CHANGEOVER
SWITCH USING MICROCONTROLLER: This paper
therefore presents the design and construction of
microcontroller based programmable automatic power change
over. The paper discusses the design, construction and
operation of a program controlled power change over system
that allows users to select the mode they would prefer
to have their change over operate. Three modes were achieved,
including auto mode, timed mode and manual mode,
which were selected from push buttons. LCD interface was used
for the output display. 8051 microcontroller was
used to implement the control program while modular
methodology was adopted...{read more to download full
material}
MICROCONTROLLER BASED DIGITAL
AC/DC VOLTMETER: Microcontroller based digital
voltmeter is an instrument used to measure the AC or DC
voltage. The digital display is the main output which is used to
indicate the numerical value of measurement. Since
the display is digital, so there is no parallax reading error will be
occurring. This meter is uses liquid crystal display
(LCD) to display digital value because it has low power
consumption, lower than light emitting diodes (LED)...{read
MICROCONTROLLER BASED SECURITY ACCESS
CONTROL SYSTEM USING RFID: Access control is the
process of verifying a user's claimed identity and
giving or denying the access. The proposed project is a secure
access control system to control the entry of various
items through a door or a passage using RFID technology. At
the very simplest level, Radio Frequency Identification
(RFID) technologies allow the transmission of a unique serial
number wirelessly, using radio waves. The two key
parts of the system that are needed to do this are the RFID 'tag'
and the 'reader'; attaching an RFID tag to a physical
object allows the object to be 'seen' and monitored by existing
computer networks....{read more to download full
material}
RECHARGEABLE LANTERN: Since the invention of
electricity by Michael faraday, Man has been so used to
electricity that he cannot do without it. The absence of
electricity causes a lot of sadness in our daily lives. Due to this
reason I decided to work on a by rechargeable lamp
as my project...{read more to download full material}
0389]. DEVELOPMENT OF A MICRO HYDROPOWER
SYSTEM DRIVEN BY RAIN WATER:
Hydropower plants are actually based on a rather simple concept
-- water flowing through a dam turns a turbine,
which turns a generator. Dam , Intake , Turbine , Generators ,
Transformer , Power lines, Outflow are the basic parts
of any hydro power plant. A micro hydro power (MHP) system
is a type of hydro electric power scheme that
produces up to 100 KW of electricity using a flowing steam or a
water flow. The electricity from such systems is
used to power up isolated homes or communities and is
sometimes connected to the public grid...{read more to
0390]. DESIGN AND CONSTRUCTION OF AN LCD
BASED DIGITAL ALARM CLOCK USING 8051
MICROCONTROLLER (AT89C51): Alarm clock is a clock
that indicates a pre-set time by producing sound at
that time. This functionality of digital clock is used to awaken
people or remind them of something. This circuit is an
extension to the digital clock with time setting option. Here an
extra switch is provided to set the alarm. While the
alarm is set, the clock time does not stop and runs in the
background. The circuit is build around 8051
microcontroller (AT89C51) and uses LCD to display time...
MICROCONTROLLER BASED CODE LOCKING
SYSTEM WITH ALARM: This work is onMicrocontroller
Based Code Locking System with Alarm The need for
strict security measures has been necessary since the beginning
of time. Access to certain places and items need
strict restrictions to only the privileged few. This restricted zone
can vary from strong holds and safes in financial
institutions to doors leading to restricted areas. The various
innovations in security access system include; code
based lock, keycard lock, thumb print scan, retina scan. They
come in handy in security systems...{read more to
MICROCONTROLLER BASED FAN SPEED
CONTROLLER ACCORDING TO ROOM
TEMPERATURE:This work is on microcontroller based fan
speed
controller- according to room temperature. Temperature
controller is done using Microcontroller for temperature
controlling. In this project, microcontroller 89s51 forms the
processing part, which firstly receives data from ADC.
ADC receives data from temperature sensor through amplifier.
Then microcontroller 89s51 performs the comparison
of current temperature and set temperature as per the logic of
program for which microcontroller has already been
programmed. The result obtained from the above operation is
given through output port of 89s51 to LCD display of
relevant data and generated pulses as per the logic program
which is further fed to the driver circuit to obtain the
desired output of ceiling fan...{read more to download full
material}
0393]. DESIGN AND CONTRUCTION OF A
TEMPERATURE CONTROLLED FAN SPEED: The
temperature-controlled fan designed with microcontroller is
quite useful for conference halls, auditoriums, cinema
halls, and other commercial organizations where many people
gathered together, and lot of fans are required at these
places. Depending up on the weather condition, organizers of
the above places are supposed to be control each and
every fan, otherwise lot of energy will be wasted. Controlling
each and every fan manually is highly impossible;
there by this project work is taken up, which controls the fan
automatically depending upon the temperature. ...{read
0394]. DESISN AND CONSTRUCTION OF A
MICROCONTROLLER BASED TEMPERATURE
CONTROL OVEN WITH DIGITAL DISPLAY: The design
and construction of microcontroller based electric
oven and cooker with time and temperature control is presented
in this project. The project is built around an Atmel
89C52 micro controller which is programmed to carry out some
user defined function. The project is design to meet
the safety requirement that is lacking in many similar systems in
the market and also make it operation as easy to
operate as possible. The microcontroller unit was interfaced with
some other components to achieve the set
objectives. A temperature sensor senses the temperature of the
oven units which is in analogue form and fed the
output voltage to the input of the analogue to digital converter
(ADC) which convert the analogue signal to a digital
equivalent signal. The microcontroller performs the mathematics
and display the result appropriately on the display
unit...{read more to download full material}
0395].DESIGN AND CONSTRUCTION OF
MICROCONTROLLER BASED PC PROJECT-OPENING
FILES ON PC USING REMOTE:With advancement of
technology things are becoming simpler and easier for us.
Automatic systems are being preferred over manual system.
This unit talks about the basic definitions needed to
understand the Project better and further defines the technical
criteria to be implemented as a part of this project.
This project work is on controlling a desktop computer with a
remote control. The functions of a computer like
opening and closing folders, opening media player and doing its
operations, etc can be done from a distance. It
requires a few hardware components to build. The project is to
be interfaced with the desktop computer through the
computer’s keyboard port....{read more to download full
material}
0396]. DESIGN AND CONSTRUCTION OF 8051 MICRO-
CONTROLLER BASED ROBOTIC CAR:
Robotic Car is a miniature prototype car powered by batteries
whose various movements can be control either
manually or automatically, or the combination of both. In this
system, the command is given through keyboard; it
would have been better if we used IR remote control or
something of that kind rather than using keyboard for
commanding. However, by realizing the complexities we have
made simple using keyboard...{read more to
0397].DESIGN AND CONSTRUCTION OF A
MICROCONTROLLER BASED STEPPER MOTOR
DRIVE: Microcontroller based steppers drivers can achieve
very high rotation speeds in stepper motors. Using a
microcontroller, it is possible to have extreme control over
exactly how each individual coil is energized inside the
motor. This is absolutely necessary to obtain high speeds
because as speed increases, timing of the coils firing must
be perfectly in sync...{read more to download full material}
MICROCONTROLLER BASED WINDING MACHINE:In
this project “microcontroller based automatic coil winding
machine" main objective is to bring out a machine which
can implement the idea of automation in Transformer winding
or any type of coil windings. The proposed system
controls the speed of a winding machine in order to obtain the
optimum stop point in terms of security and fast
production. The system is based on a microcontroller and an
extremely simple hardware. The system has been tested
for two years and results evince a very good mean time between
failures...{read more to download full material}
0399]. MICROPROCEESOR TRAINING MUDULE
SUBSECTION USING SEVEN SEGMENT DISPLAY:
The teaching philosophy and the equipment developed for a
course in microprocessor applications programming
techniques suitable for retraining engineers in the potential uses
of microprocessors is presented. A brief explanation
of the application modules designed for the course is given and a
detailed description of a typical application
assignment is presented. Microprocessor training modules is a
tool to allow Students and developers to program PIC
Micro-controllers. It is a powerful and flexible system that
provides a user friendly environment to carry out a large
variety of programming application tasks...{read more to
RECEIVER: Radio receiver design includes the electronic
design of different components of a radio receiver which
processes the radio frequency signal from an antenna in
order to produce usable information such as audio. This project
only concentrates on fm receiver design. The
complexity of a modern receiver and the possible range of
circuitry and methods employed are more generally
covered in electronics and communications engineering. The
term fm receiver is understood in this project to mean
any device which is intended to receive a radio signal in order to
generate useful information from the signal. This
F.M. receiver is designed using single IC used to receive
frequency range of 88 MHz to 108 MHz in F.M. band, it is
built around IC TEA5591...{read more to download full
material}

Electrical Importance in Developing Country

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Electrical Importance in Developing Country

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DESIGN AND CONSTRUCTION OF TEMPERATURE

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