PREPOSITIONS

about (1) – ilgili, hakkında, concerning, of. (2) diğer tarafında, karşıda on the other side of.

He talked about his old friend. He saw a grocer's shop across the street.

The lecture was about Charles Darwin. My brother lives across from the railway station.

That book about Napoleon is very interesting. 3.çapında

They are talking about his new job. During his political campaign he gave many
speeches across the country.
You should do something about your hair, it looks
very dry. 4. come across

I thought there was something strange about this One day I came across my old wedding
man. photographs.

after (1) sonra- later than (a time).

(2) neredeyse, yaklaşık nearly, approximately I will be able to see you after six o'clock.

It was about two o'clock when he left. Can you come to see us after the holidays?

There were about 2000 people. After dinner we will read your composition page
after page.
We will come about six o'clock.

(2) ardından following, behind.

above (1) yukarısında higher than, on top of
Go after him quickly and give him his umbrella.
The big bird flew above the trees.
The policeman ran after the burglar.
There is a monkey on the branch above you.
(3) adını vermek
This village is situated 300 m above sea level.
His oldest daughter was named after a famous
film star.
(2) yukarısında, miktar more than. over.
4. be after -peşinde olmak
Above two hundred people attended the
I understand that you are after some information
meeting.
about this company.

5. He is very stubborn, he took it after his father.

across ( 1 ) bir taraftan diğer tarafa- from one
side to the other of.
(5) bir sonucu olarak -as a consequence of.
The little boy ran across the street.
The headmaster would not grant the class a
The boy was walking across the street when he
holiday after their bad behaviour.
saw a red car.
(5) ragmen- in spite of.
After everything I said, you still had to do it
against (1) karşı olma
He has voted against the new regulations
The struggle against poverty and hunger is a hard
one.
He was against the scheme from the very start.
(2) -e karşı
It is difficult to run against a strong wind.
3- karşı, aykırı contrary to.
Smoking is against the school rules.
Along- boyunca
There are many tall trees along the road to the
village.
We saw big stones scattered along the tunnel
John was walking along the street when the
accident happened.
amid(st) ortasında
She stood in tears amid the alien corn.
The great man stood amidst the cheering crowd.
Amid the conflicts between European powers in
the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries, some
Protestants saw opportunity in America
among(st) (1) arasında, arasından from person to
person. –çoğul isim
The host moved about among his guests.
He finally found his book among mine.
(2) Divide this cake among all the boys here.
(3) arasında - one of.
Saudi Arabia is among the healthiest of the oil
producing countries of the world.
He is among the great man's followers.
around – etrafında, çevresinde
Many people stood around the injured man.
The news soon travelled around the world.
2.yaklaşık
It's around three inches tall and an inch wide.
at (1). to indicate a point of time, usually
moments and clock times.
His father appeared at that moment
We arrived at two o'clock
(2) Used before the names of festivals, etc. but
not before days:
They will begin their journey at Easter.
(3). Used before the name of a particular place
(usually an address, a building, a village, or a
small town).
He lives at the white cottage
We have seen a very nice house at the top of that
hill.
4. The soldiers aimed at the target.
She threw the book at me.
You mustn’t shoot at animals
5. He was able to read at the age of three.
before ( 1 )önüne, in front of.
The accused man was brought before the
magistrate.
I want you to repeat it before the jury.
(2) önce
My sister arrived home that night before ten
o'clock.
behind (1) arkasında at the back of.
His wife stood behind him, looking over his
shoulder at the man he was facing.
(2) gerisinde
The chemist's shop is a few yards behind the
church.
(3) destek supporting.
I knew that my friends were behind me in the
matter.
(4) gerisinde kalma inferior to, lower than.
John is behind the rest of the class in
mathematics.
Much of Africa lags behind the West in economic
terms.
(5) ardında -hidden by, being concealed by.
How have tourist numbers changed? What are the
factors behind the rapid growth in tourism?
There is something strange behind this apparently
simple occurrence.
(6) geç kalma late (with).
I am behind with my work.
(7) ardında/geçmişte kalma In the past (and
finished).
Your hard days in prison are behind you now.
below (1) altında lower than.
Just below the top of the wall there was a brick
missing.
(2) altında-oransal, miktarsal
Your composition was below average.
John is below the rest of the class in mathematics.
The temperature was below freezing.
Around 25 percent of people are below poverty
line.
This area is situated below sea level.
3. below average, below par, below the belt
beneath (1) altında below.
He had an Indian rug beneath his feet.
Scientists have discovered huge reserves of
freshwater beneath the ocean.
beside (1) yanında by the side of, near by, close
to.
Looking up, I saw a man standing beside me.
Susan saw a girl standing beside a big lony.
Besides- yanısıra in addition to.
There were three others present at the meeting
besides Mr Jackson.
Besides this store, he owns two hotels in our
town.
Between -arasında
(1) across (a space). His body was firmly wedged
between the two rocks,
(2) across (a period of time). What did you do
between two o clock and three o'clock?
(3) in the middle of. The journey by air to England
takes between ten and twelve hours.
(4) separating. There is a wide river between the
two villages.
(5) connecting, uniting. There is something
between the two men: find out what it is.
(6) shared by. He divided the money between
John and me.
7. I'm trying to decide between the red car and
the blue one.
8. An outbreak of military conflict between
Armenia and Azerbaijan over Nagorno-Karabakh.
Conflict, disagreement, fight, war
Communication, interaction,
beyond (1) ötesinde past, at the farther side of.
The wood is beyond the stream.
We are not sure but can theorize what lies beyond
the universe that we know
2. beyond belief, beyond recognition, beyond
description, beyond comprehension,
understanding beyond one 's control
Her beauty was beyond description.
but –hariç except.
No one but Sherlock Holmes can solve this
problem.
Is there nothing to drink but water?
I can see nothing but empty bottles here.
The econometric evidence suggests that growth
has become more employment intensive during
the 1990s in all countries but Germany
by (1 ) tarafından
Jack was punished by his father.
This tool has been made by a very talented
craftsman.
He was murdered by the angry mob.
He was murdered with this old knife.
(2) yanında, yanına at the side of, near.
The old woman wished to be buried by her
husband. There was a large dog lying by the
entrance.
3. Taşıt
Let's go by train, it will be more comfortable.
(4) yoluyla by means of.
He passed the examination by sheer hard work.
This old engine is driven by steam.
You can always contact me by telephone.
(7) önce, at or before (a time).
The ship will have arrived in Southampton by ten
o'clock.
Will you finish it by Friday?
By 1600, explorers had discovered the Americas.
8. oranında
Last year the price of gasoline went up by 5%.
9.by+Ving – yaparak, ederek
Coastal habitats provide a wealth of economically-
valuable services, such as enhancing fisheries
yields by creating essential fish habitat, reducing
shoreline erosion by slowing water flow, by
mitigating atmospheric climate change by
capturing and storing carbon, and enhancing
coastal recreation and touris
Despite -rağmen in spite of.
They will come with us despite the bad weather.
Last year the price of gasoline went up by 5%.
down (1) aşağı, aşağı doğru-from the top to the The neighbouring country showed its desire for
bottom of. peace by reducing its armed forces.

She ran down the hill when she saw a bull. Plenty of fresh air will be good for his health.

during esnasında, süresince, boyunca(1) Smoking is bad for the lungs.

throughout.
(6) taraftarı olmak in support of, in favour of.
We saw many interesting places during our stay in
How many are for the motion? How many are
England.
against it?
Many people were made homeless during the
7. için, birine göre
floods.
For many historians, it marks the beginning of
modern European politics and society.
except -hariç

All the pupils attended the meeting except Tony.

From –den ,dan have an origin in.

for (1 ) için - on behalf of
He is from China.
Mr Smith said that he signed the cheque for his
Wine is made from grapes.
wife.
The musicians travelled from London to
This gift is for my brother.
Singapore.
Do you have to use a pencil for drawing your
It was a good film from beginning to end.
picture?
Count from 1 to 20.
Let's invite him for coffee when he passes by our
house today. Choose a book from this shelf
Is this a good medicine for flu? I cannot distinguish him from his brother.
2. süre In April females of this species lay from to five
eggs.
I have been learning English for five years.
He always stay here from Monday to Wednesday.
She will stay in Paris for two weeks

He has lived in Italy for two years.

in (1) içerisinde -süre during (a period of time).

Jim answered all the questions in ten minutes.

(3) fiyat - in exchange for, for the price of.
(2) içerisinde –süre, sonra- after
I will give you £100 for your car.
She will meet us in two hours.

(3) içinde parts of the day, weeks, months,

(4) için amaç. in order to obtain.
seasons, and years.
He plays the piano for pleasure.
She teaches in the morning only.
(5) His hopes for success in the election were soon
The examination will be in June.
clashed.
They will return home for their holidays in
summer.
We left Nigeria in 1960.
(4) içinde – yer- towns, cities, countries, etc., or
any large area.
She lives in London.
(5) That book is not in the library.
He has a sword in his hand.
I saw him in the theatre.
The man in the brown suit is our boss.
Who was the girl in the blue dress?
6. You are wasting your efforts in attempting this
impossible feat.
He has difficulty in answering Maths exercises.
6. There's been a sharp decline in the rate of
violent crime since she took office as mayor.
A sharp rise in the number of severely obese
mothers delivering babies in many Irish maternity
hospitals is causing concern among doctors.
Rise, growth, increase, expansion
Drop, fall, decline, decrease
Improvement, development, advance, progress
inside –içinde
He was waiting inside the cinema.
Once inside the door, the thief took off his mask.
Look for the key inside your pockets.
into – içine, iç doğru
1. He went into the house.
The elephants wandered back into the Jungle.
2. He translated the play into French.
The big palace has been turned into a luxurious
hotel.
Green houses gases are released into the
atmosphere.
Venezuela is opening an investigation into the
possible killing of 28 miners in the south-eastern
jungle state of Bolívar.
Like –gibi, benzerlik
1.She saw a strange animal like a dragon.
Your shoes are just like mine,
I want a pen like John's.
You cannot fly like bird .
In a city like New York you must be very cautious
2. gibi –örnek
German cities like Leipzig and Dresden
experienced a drastic population decline as many
people emigrated to western cities like Berlin.
Near- yanında, yakınında
Mrs Jones sat near the fire.
There are many trees near the new school.
He insisted on standing near me.
My brother came near to winning this
competition.
Next to –bitişinde
Her room is next to the kitchen
of (1) –nın, -nin, aitlik belonging to; part of.
She was the daughter of my friend.
The leaves of this tree are beginning to fall.
Many people died of their wounds
I gave him a book of mine.
2. The chair is (made) of wood.
A bridge of steel stretched across the river
I have never seen such a beautiful necklace made
of silver.
(3) ölçü miktar göstermek içinshow (3) On+ving/Noun = When, as soon as
measurement or amount.
On reaching home, I had a bath and changed my
The teacher took out a piece of chalk. clothes.

I have bought a new pair of gloves. (4) hakkında, üzerine about, concerning.

The little boy wanted to buy a pound of biscuits. I was asked to give a talk on my research.

(4) It is kind of you to present the prizes. We talked on many subjects.

It was wicked of him to plot against the king.

It was clever of the king to discover the plot. 5. Should we get on this train?

(5) The island of Hong Kong is a great trading Can you turn on the TV please?
centre.
Have you heard this news on the radio/on the
The Isle of Capri is near Naples. television?

You are now in the City of Leeds. They insisted on living on fish and seaweeds.

6. The decrease of murders in the city is On the left- on the right

surprising.
onto – üzerine – üstüne
off (1 ) uzağında away from.
Don 't throw nuts onto the carpet.
If you are not careful, the glass may fall off the
The thief climbed onto the roof.
table.

Keep off the grass (= Don't walk on the grass).

opposite – karşısında
When you get off the bus, turn to the right.
The shop opposite the school sells radios.
Turn off the TV please.
The cinema is opposite (to) our house.
(2) daha az,less than.
Can you see that tower opposite the school?
They are selling the radios at twenty per cent off
the market price.

on – 1- üzerinde -on the surface of, on top of. out – dışına, dışarı
There is a cat on the roof! I don’t understand why they told me to take
everything out of my pockets.
I like that picture on the wall.

2. On - günlerden önce, tam tarihlerden önce

Out of (1) –arasından
I am going to a football match on Saturday.
Two out of ten lions kept in our zoo usually get
We arranged to meet on June 20th.
sick.
What are you doing on Christmas Day
2. You haven’t done it out of necessity, have you?
–ihtiyaçtan

3. The man came out of the hotel.

outside (1) dışında, dışarda police and other civilians from more than 120
countries have participated in UN peacekeeping
He was waiting outside the cinema.
operations.
She was standing outside the door.
(8) over- finish
His fans have been waiting outside his house for 5
Wouldn’t you like the school year to be over?
hours.
(9) domination,sovereignty over
(2) dışında, haricinde apart from, except for.

He is the only person who knows about the plan

outside the committee. past ( 1 ) geçme

over ( 1 ) yukarısında above (without touching). The soldiers marched past the church.

A sign hung over the inn door. The mill is past the bridge

Pigeons are flying over our house.

round (1) dönme, etrafında rotating, so as to

encircle or enclose.
(2) üzerine above (touching), on the surface of.
The earth goes round the sun.
The burglar put a mask over his face.

(2) çevreleme, erafında surrounding,

3. üzerinden from one side to the other of.
The enemy gathered round/around the village.
The boys quickly climbed over the wall into the
orchard.

Their horse can easily jump over this hedge (3) her tarafında throughout,

The boy wandered round the town until it got

dark.
(4) üstün superior to.

A new manager has been appointed over us.

save hariç except.

The whole class save Peter arrived on time.

(5) üzerinde, miktar more than, above.

Over five hundred people were present at the

ceremony. since (1 ) den beri

(6) hakkında, üzerine about, concerning. They have been working for this company since
1960.
He went to see Mr Jones over his son's poor
examination results. I have visited Ann only once since her accident

The quarrel was over a small child. The trains run less frequently since the
introduction of the new timetable.
(7) over+süre/zaman
They have seen the thieves several times since the
Over the years, hundreds of thousands of military
robbery.
personnel, as well as tens of thousands of UN
2. için, çünkü Till – kadar

Since his proposal has been accepted by His secretary has to work till 6 p.m. today.
everybody, we don 't have to vote.
John and Ann stayed in the summer cottage from
spring till late autumn.

Than (1) den dan, comparisons to (1 ) –e, -a yönelme

Fred is much taller than you. I travelled by boat to Bombay last year.

He was rather a businessman them a clerk. They returned to their village.

The acrobat jumped to the ground.

through (1) içinden between the parts of, from go to bed, go to church, go to prison, go to sea,
one end to the other of.
go to town, go to work, (but go to the office, go
He peered through his binoculars.
to the city, go to the shop, etc. ; go home)
We went through a wood to the cottage.

(2) kadar, until.

(2) yoluyla, because of, by means of, on- account
He said he would be busy from two o'clock to four
of.
o'clock.
He passed the examination through hard work.
(3) The chances of success are a hundred to one.
Students develop new skills through producing
The ratio is four to nine.
their own work
(4) To my utter astonishment, he laughed when
(3) süresince, during, throughout
he heard the news.
This music was popular through 1920s.
The small boy did not appear frightened, much to
The exhibition will be open from Monday through the dismay of his kidnappers.
Wednesday.
To his teacher 's surprise, Bill turned out to be a
Throughout- (1) süresince boyunca through the good student.
whole of.
(5) Give it to him.
Throughout his life, the doctor always tried to
Her father brought the basket to her.
help others.
Add it to the bill.
Throughout the 18th Century, the colonies were
becoming more diverse as their populations (6) To infinitive (i) after certain verbs, (ii) in
expanded. infinitive
(2) her tarafında phrases,
Their shops spread throughout the country. The stranger suddenly began to sing.
Most of the rural population throughout the 'To be or not to be, that is the question,
continent does not have easy access to reliable
power 7. in order to/so as to

I went home to find my book.

toward(s) (1) -e doğru in the direction of, to.
Don 't you think that we should move the
cupboard toward the door
Jane 's attitude towards her new duties was
strange.
(2) – e yönelik in relation to, with regard to.
Jane 's attitude towards her new duties was
strange.
3. Our boss will be back towards the end of
March.
We are now coming towards the end of the cave.
They left the party towards midnight.
Spending has shifted towards restaurant dining
recently.
under (1) altında lower than, vertically below,
beneath.
There was a black spot under his left eye.
We sheltered under the big tree.
(2) He became ill under the heavy burden of
work.
The slaves cried out under the oppression.
It must be kept under control until he returns.
His father could not agree to Bill working under
such conditions.
This road is under repair
(3) altında less than.
Only parcels under 5 kg can he sent by air mail.
Under a quarter of the members attended the
meeting.
(4) düşük altında -inferior to.
At least ten boys were under John in the results
of the test.
(5) I was under the protection of my big brother.
We stood under the wall while the stones flew
overhead.
(6) yönetimi altında, in the reign of.
Sir Francis Drake lived under Queen Elizabeth.
He has been working under Professor Higgins
since 1980.
8. It shouldn’t have happened under good
weather conditions
This law was introduced under president
Blackstone.
underneath (1) altında
Look for your glasses underneath the blanket
Much larger quantities of water are thought to be
trapped underneath Mars's thick cryosphere
until (till) Kadar (1 ) up to the time of.
The children stayed awake until midnight.
The Browns said they would stay here until the
end of that week.
(2) önce before.
Until his accident, he had always been strong and
healthy.
Up- yukarı
The brave fireman quickly climbed up the ladder
and rescued the old woman.
Once up the mountain, the climbers found the air
cool and fresh.
Your friend must have walked up this hill.
Onion prices have climbed up because of less
availability, which is not going to improve in the
near future.
Upon – üzerine, (6) eşliğinde in the company of, among.

Upon/On our arrival, the natives began to sing I am going to England with my sister
and dance.

The lecture will be upon/on the effects of the

(7) The old man gets up every morning with the
radio satellite.
sun.
Up to - e kadar
The petrol consumption usually increases with the
1. These skirts have been very expensive up to last age of a car.
summer
The sick man climbed the steps with great
2. We can go either to Italy or to Spain, this is up difficulty.
to you
He witnessed the ceremony with considerable
3. Given policy support, wind power could provide pride.
up to 30 percent of the global electricity supply by
With the collapse of Soviet Union, Azerbaijan got
2050
its independence in 1991

within (1) içinde inside or in (a place).

with (1) ile vasıtasyla by means of.

He sharpened his pencil with a small knife.

There are often huge differences in the level of
I cannot write with this pen. development within a country.

Social conflict and the development of

technologies can produce changes within a
(2) ile aitlik having.
society by altering social dynamics and promoting
Many parents of young children with learning new cultural models.
disabilities ask what they can do at home to help
No sound came from within the big house.
their youngsters.

I saw the man with the scar on his face.

(2) içerisinde inside (a period of time).
He spoke with a foreign accent.
You must pay me back within one month.
She was talking to the lady with the large basket.
I would like to have my watch repaired within two
hours.
(3) tarafında on the side of.

The Americans fought with the English against the

(3) A man should always try to live within his
Germans. Are you with me or against me?
means. We are now within sight of the airport.

(5) karşı against.

Why do you wish to quarrel with me? It's no good

trying to compete with those who have so much
more experience than you.
without (1) olmaksızın not having, lacking in, free
from.
The poor man went without food and shelter for
several days.
He came without delay.
The boy climbed the cliff without any fear.
Mr Joy boy is going on holiday without his wife,
Can you close the door without waking the baby?
Ozone layer is the layer in the atmosphere that
protects us from ultra violet radiation. Without
ozone layer, we wouldn’t survive.
along with- ile birlikte together with, in
company with.
He went on the dangerous journey along with his
two friends.
Laboratory quality control continues to evolve
along with advances in automation, measurement
techniques and information technology.
Along with Cold War military research came a
widespread phobia of military and scientific
espionage,
but for – olmazsa, olmasaydı
But for the doctor's skill, he would have died.
except for – hariçinde
The road was deserted except for a few cars.
according to (1)e göre in a similar manner to. in
agreement with.
Do this problem according to the way you have
been shown.
He acted according to my instructions.
Regional integration drives inclusive growth in
Africa, according to experts
According to the doctor, Mr Smith has been ill for
a fang time.
apart from -yanısıra besides.
1. What do you study apart from English ?
Regional integration drives inclusive growth in
Africa, according to experts
2. hariçinde
Apart from China and India, the other emerging
countries are mostly oil and commodities rich
as for –gelince, hakkında so far as it concerns,
regarding.
As for women in politics, more work could be
done to encourage, nurture and help women into
elected office.
as to – hakkında regarding.
I have no doubts as to your son's ability.
The decision as to whether a budget will be
approved or rejected usually depends upon
similar factors in local, state, and national
government
Instead of – yerine in place of.
He went to the meeting instead of his employer.
Instead of consuming fruit juice, one is better off
obtaining one's vitamin C from fresh raw
vegetables, fruits, raw dairy, and lightly cooked
meat.
By using persuasive means instead of coercive
ones, the positive effects of a nonviolent action
are much more durable.
prior to - öncesinde before.
Prior to his return, he wrote to everyone about his
recent marriage.
together with ile birlikte (1) in the company of. as of

I went to Rome together with my students. As of 1960, both the USA and Canada stand
together as close allies and as members of NATO
against the Communist threat
(2) as well as. yanısıra

Getting adequate rest as well as exercise and

physical activity helps you keep healthy.

Concerning – ilgili

Concerning the lectures, few students think it is

advisable to attend.

considering – göz önünde bulundurulursa

I think you were treated unfairly, considering

everything you did.

notwithstanding – rağmen

Notwithstanding his unpopularity, the brave man

faced the violent crowd.

Regarding ilgili, hakkında

Regarding your application, I am pleased to

inform you that you have been successful.

aboard - taşıt üzerinde

The Egyptian government said there were 217

passengers aboard the plane that crashed,
including 214 Russians and three Ukrainians.

Given- gözününde bulundurulursa

Given the high rate of losses in the food chain,

investment in processing, storage and cold chain
facilities must enable farmers to capture more
value from their production.

Versus -karşı

Supermarkets versus farmers' markets: which is

better in value and taste?

via -yoluyla

it is possible to develop, via high technology in the

laboratory, strains of micro-organisms that have
the desired properties.
in ABUNDANCE ANGER at something

Dates and pineapples grow here in abundance. The manager's anger at our criticism was
unimaginable.
ACCESS to
ANSWER TO
Every farmer must have an access to his fields.
He hasn’t given me answers to any of my
by ACCIDENT –
questions.
Yes, you are right, we met by accident.
APPETITE FOR
in an ACCIDENT
Sick people don’t have appetite for anything.
How manyy people were killed in this terrible
APPOINTMENT with
accident?
We would like to take an appointment with dr.
on no ACCOUNT –
Randall.
On no account tell him this story.
APPROVAL for/of something
in ADDITION to –
ATTITUDE to/
You can give your dog these pills in addition to
His general attitude towards the law is not to
meat and veggies.
abide by it
in ADVANCE
BARRIER to –
This hotel requires a full payment in advance.
Such regulations must be a barrier to foreign
ADVANTAGE of doing something – investment in our country

I can see many advantages of being self- BASIS for/of –

employed.
Good education is the basis of your future career
ADVANTAGE over –
BOOM in –
Your son has an advantage over those who don’t
The boom in our trade with Hungary is a good
speak any foreign languages.
sign.
ADVICE on/about –
BORDER between two countries
You should give her some advice on how to
The border between Poland and the Ukraine was
become a model.
closed because of an epidemic of typhus, but our
AGGRESSION towards/against – border with the Czech Republic was still open

He showed no aggression towards me and then BREACH of –

attacked me unexpectedly.
A breach of state law is a very serious offense.
ALTERNATIVE to –

I don 't think this is a good alternative to Jim 's

BRIDGE over/across –
proposal.
Have you seen the new bridge that is being built
across the river?
on the BRINK of in COMBINATION with

Many species are on the brink of extinction
in BULK –
Certain things cannot be purchased in bulk.
BY-PRODUCT of-
This is a by-product of processing coal.
CAUSE for –
What is the action of this medicine in combination
with others?
in somebody's COMPANY –
Spending a whole day in my aunt's company was
tiresome.
in COMPARISON to/with - w por6wnaniu z
This exercise isn’t very difficult in comparison to
the last one.

Your teacher 's remark was not a cause for this in COMPETITION with
kind of behaviour.
Small shops almost always lose in competition
CAUSE of- What was the cause of his suicide? with big supermarkets.

CEILING on – CONCENTRATION of –

introducing a ceiling on salaries is necessary. The concentration of salt varies in different seas
and oceans.
with CERTAINTY
CONCENTRATION on -
We can 't say with certainty that it will rain
tomorrow. The mayor's concentration on building a new road
distracted his attention from other important
CHANCE OF problems.
You have no chance of becoming a champion. CONCERN about/at/over
by CHANCE – He doesn’t show any concern about the future of
It's hard to believe, but he became a minister by his children.
chance. in CONCLUSION
CHANGE of – In conclusion, let me say that we can be proud of
A rapid change of behaviour is typical of animals all members of ourteam.
with rabies. CONDITION for/of –
CLAIM for - Foreign investments are one of important
His claims for this land was absurd. conditions for the development of our country.

CONFIDENCE in –

COLLISION between two things/with something I do have confide1tce in Nick's talent.

A collision between two ships seemed to be CONNECTION to/with something /between two
inevitable. things -

in COLOUR – Do you think that event has a connection with the

last murder?
The editor wants to have this photo printed in
colour.
in CONNECTION with – at somebody's DISPOSAL –

We have been questioned in connection with the This car is at your disposal any time you need it
forgery of documents.
DOMINANCE over –
under CONSIDERATION -
Ben's dominance over his wife led to their
This project has been under consideration since I divorce.
started my work here.
be in DOUBT-
CONSULTATION with somebody about
He says this villa is his, but I am in doubt.
something -
on DUTY -
Consultation with an expert on coal deposits may
change your plans. Tomorrow my sister will be on duty all night long.
CONTACT with/between EFFECT of something on –
I can prove that any contact between them was The effect of this experiment on bee colonies may
impossible. be very bad.
CONTRAST with/to EMPHASIS on –
Every vacation was a great contrast to her usual Jn your article you shouldn’t put so much
lifestyle. emphasis on the results of the election.
CONTROL over/of ENCOUNTER with
Trade unions would like to have too much control It was our first encounter with politicians.
over all affairs.
END of –
in DIFFICULTY
Can you see a light at the end of this tunnel?
We could see from beginning that the truck driver
was ill difficulty. in the END-

DISADVANTAGE of doing something – In the end, we became good friends.

One of the disadvantages of living in the country is ENEMY of-

the lack of theatres and cinemas. He pretended that he was an enemy of the
under DISCUSSION – guerrillas.

Pay attention to the item that will be under ENTRANCE to/of-

discussion today. We will meet at the main entrance to your office.
in DISGUISE EQUIVALENT of/to-
My children can recognize me even in the best I paid in French francs, but it was an equivalent of
disguise. 50 dollars.
on DISPLAY – EVIDENCE of/about –
It must be dangerous to keep all these gems on Don 't you think this is clear evidence of his
display. negligence?
EXCEPTION to- BE IN FAVOUR OF

The gradation of these adjectives is an exception I am in favour of lower taxes

to the general rule.

with the EXCEPTION –

FEAR for
With the exception of Mary everybody voted for
Our fear for her health prevented us from
Smith.
continuing our trip
EXCERCISE in-
FEAR of –
You need more exercise in swimming.
He felt no fear of tigers
in EXCHANGE for-
for FEAR of –
They gave us some jewels in exchange for food.
He didn’t do it for fear of getting fired.
EXCURSION to-
FEATURE of
The most interesting one was excursion to
Long, boring speeches were the main feature of
Bialowieta.
his campaign.
EXCUSE for-
FEELINGS about –
This is not a good excuse for being late every day.
You can have negative feelings about my
EXPERIMENT on/with proposal, I don’t care.

This kind of experiments on animals should be FLAW in –

forbidden.
Your PhD dissertation is perfect, one cannot find
EXPERT on/in any flaw ill it.

I can give you some advice, but I 'm not an expert ON FOOT –
on cows.
He can go by bus, but we'll go on foot.
EXPLANATION for/of-
FRIENDSHIP with –
Can it be the only explanation for your failure?
Her friendship with Betty ended unexpectedly.
FAITH in –
FOR FUN
One must have faith in his abilities.
This cat doesn’t eat mice, he catches them for fun.
FALL in - The fall in the number of our members is
GAP in/between
very disturbing.
Here I can see a big gap in your system of
FAN of-
education.
This concert attracted all fans of rock.
at a GLANCE
in FASHION –
One could tell at a glance that our professor was
These shoes are still in fashion in my country. disappointed.

out of FASHION GRUDGE against

Our bathing suits will be out of fashion soon. Andrew felt a grudge against his stepfather.
GUIDE to My brother doesn’t need any incentive for hard
work.
Would you please show me a guide to Spanish
castles? (NCIDENCE of –

The lower incidence of fatal accidents has been

reported recently.
HATRED for/of-

Her hatred for white people comes from the times

of slavery. INCLINATION for/towards –

HINDRANCE to His inclination for excessive drinking made his

wife leave him.
This is the major hindrance to the future
development of our city. INCREASE in/of –

for HIRE- The constant increase of prices makes our life

very difficult
This coach is not for sale, but it is available for
hire. The constant increase in prices makes our life very
difficult
on HOLIDAY –
INFLUENCE. on/over/upon
We 'II water your flowers while you are on
holiday. Do you think that your son’s girlfriend has a bad
influence on him?
in the HOPE of-
INFORMATION about –
He entered the competition in the hope of
winning ii. This article lacks the most important information
about spiders.
HUNGER for
INFRINGEMENT of/on –
His hunger for fame made him do it.
This is a protest against an infringement of human
IDEA on/about –
rights.
They have very good ideas on how to train dogs.
INSURANCE against
IMMUNITY against/from/to
The fact that you have an insurance against fire
This herb should strengthen your immunity to doesn’t mean that you should let your children
colds. play with matches.

IMPACT on/upon – INTEREST in –

Their decision will have an impact on international She probably took interest in painting after her
trade. mother

IMPROVEMENT in/of – INTRODUCTION to /of –

I have noticed a gradual improvement of your The introduction to your scientific paper should
compositions. be very short.

INCENTIVE for/to INVESTIGATION into –

The investigation into this murder lasts forever.

in JEOPARDY by MISTAKE

If Trumps is elected president democracy in the Peter was given this award by mistake.
US will be in jeopardy.
MISUNDERSTANDING between people
KEY to – about/over something

What is the key to success? A misunderstanding between two engineers

about their work schedule led to serious
problems.
LACK of –
MIXTURE of –
I think that the lack of common sense is the worst
This is a strange mixture of oil, herbs and vinegar.
of all these features.
MODIFICATION of/to –
at LARGE –
The modifications of your plan were necessary.
The lion, that escaped from the zoo last week, is
still at large. for the MOMENT –

LECTURE on/about – MONOPOLY on/of

I am to give a Lecture on butterflies on Monday.
LEGISLATION on –
The new legislation on this issue won't change
anything
Our company has a monopoly on retail of these
automobiles.
in the MOOD for –
Leave her alone, she is not in the mood for jokes.

LIMIT on by NATURE –

Yes, there is an upper limit on subsidies for This breed is by nature very gentle.
farmers.
NECESSITY for/of –
within LIMITS –
All inhabitants notice the necessity of changes in
Professional sport, within limits, can be a our system of public transportation.
pleasure.
NEED for/of - There is no need for international
for a LIVING – aid.

He is a medical student, but he works as a waiter in NEED –

for a living.
After the earthquake over a thousand people
MASTER of – were in need of food.

I didn’t expect her to be a master of history. OBJECTION to –

MEMORY for Some people have objections to such a large

number of commercials on our TV.
If you want to study biology you should have a
good memory for Latin names. OBSTACLE to –

MEMORY of – Having a child right now can be an obstacle to

your career.
The memory of the last war will never fade from
his mind.
be at ODDS with – in PUBLIC

Most sailors were at odds with the captain. I 'm not going to repeat it in public.

OPINION about/of – in PURSUIT of

What is his opinion about farming in our country? Reynold has always been in pursuit of wealth.

OPPORTUNITY for – QUESTION about

I can see no opportunity for a better job. They asked me many questions about my past.

QUOTATION from

out of ORDER – This is a quotation from ''A lice in Wonderland".

No wonder you can 't start the engine, it's out of RAID on –
order.
The police raid on the headquarters of our party
PARTICIPANT in – was illegal.

Our neighbour would like to be a participant in RANGE of –

every important event in our district.
The range of this plant is unknown.
PASSION for –
at any RATE –
Your passion for collecting stamps is widely
Our chairman, at any rate, agreed to our plan.
known.
REACTION to –
PASSPORT to –
Could we expect any other reaction to this
Money isn 't a passport to a happy life.
proposal?
PERSPECTIVE of
REASON for –
From the perspective of the elderly this is an
I can see no reason for keeping your cat in a cage.
improvement.
RECIPE for –
PREDICTION about/of-
Mary gave me a wonderful recipe for lemon tart.
That 's interesting, her predictions about civil
wars always come true. REDUCTION in/of –
at PRESENT – Reduction in population of the Third World
countries should help to combat hunger.
At present I prefer to work as a clerk.
RELATIONSHIP with/between
PRODUCT of –
In our family the relationship between the oldest
Terrorism is a product of fanaticism.
and the youngest gene ration is very good.
PROOF of –
RELIEF from –
It was a proof of their innocence.
Fishing is a relief from my stressful life.
in PROPORTION with/to
REMAINS of –
The number of farmers in the USA is very small in
The remains of a dinosaur have been discovered
proportion to the population of this country.
here recently.
REMEDY for – SCHOLARSHIP to

Bee stings are supposed to be a good remedy for Is it difficult to get a scholarship to your
rheumatism. university?

REPRESENTATIVE of – SECRET of-

A representative of a foreign investor has just The secret of finding a good job is to look for it
arrived. patiently.

in SECRET –

Two generals met in secret to discuss the details

of the battle.
REQUEST for –
SIGN of –
We should send a request for an additional aid.
This is a sign of your child's good health.

SLUMP in ·
RESISTANCE to –
Nobody knows what caused a slump in the
Very few fruit show resistance to mould.
demand for gasoline.
RESPECT for –
SOLUTION for/to
One cannot have a respect for a diplomat who is a
Don 't seek an easy solution to this problem.
smuggler.
STRENGTH of –
in RESPONSE to –
Let 's check the strength of this rope.
He said nothing in response to our accusation.
STRESS on –
REVENGE against somebody for something –
You should put stress on better education of your
Jack wanted to seek revenge against his brother
children.
for Kate 's death.
under STRESS –
at RISK –
People living under stress often get ill.
The health of the foetus will be at risk if you keep
smoking. go on STRIKE/be on STRIKE -

for the SAKE of- To my knowledge, all workers are on strike.

It has to be changed for the sake of elderly SUBSTITUTE for –

people.
This powder can be a substitute for eggs.
for SALE –
SYMBOL for -
Five houses are for sale in our neighbourhood.
These are symbols for pine trees and oak trees.
SANCTIONS against/on –
SYMBOL of –
No sanctions imposed on civilians will stop
Our flag is a symbol of victory.
guerrilla fights.
SYMPATHY for/with be in TROUBLE –

Everybody felt sympathy for Ted when he got Start arguing with our boss and you'll be in
fired. trouble.

SYMPTOM of – TROUBLE with –

This is the first symptom of a nervous breakdown. The trouble with our teacher is that she always
wants to be right
SYNONYM for –
TYPE of - This type of a lawn mower will be ideal
"Error " is a synonym for "mistake ".
for us
TARGET for/of
UNDERSTANDING of -
Rich people often become a target of blackmail.
His understanding of physics allowed him to
TASTE for – construct this device.

Her taste for wearing strange hats makes people URGE for -
laugh at her.
There is no urge for completing our work before
on TELEVISION - the end of this week.

This is the best serial that has ever been shown on VACANCY in organization/office for a job –
our television.
I have read about a vacancy for a secretary in your
in TERMS office.

In medical terms this phenomenon cannot be on VACATION –

explained.
You can 't see Jenny today, she is on vacation.
in THEORY –
of VALUE –
In theory, Jim should have broken his own record
This information is of no value to us.
a long time ago.
VARIETY of -
in TIME- on TIME –
We grow three varieties of sunflowers.
Remember, you have to pay your instalments on
time. VERDICT on –

TITLE of – Their verdict on the quality of this product is still

unknown.
The title of this TV programme should be
changed. on the VERGE of-

in TOUCH with - The orphans have lived on the verge of poverty

for five years.
Don 't worry, I 'II be in touch with our daughter.
VERSION of-
TRADITION of –
I have heard at least four different versions of this
The tradition of sending postcards on Valentine 's
story.
Day is new in our country
in the VICINITY of-

There are two old wells in the vicinity of my

house.

VICTORY over/against –

Your victory over James wasn 't surprising.

in somebody’s VIEW –

In my view, this building lot is too small.

in VIEW of-

In view of his experience, he should be a better

teacher.

from one's VIEWPOINT

From the manager's viewpoint this isn 't the best

solution.

by VIRTUE of-

Ted can 't do any more climbing by virtue of his

age.

WITNESS to

I haven 't been a witness to any of their quarrel