Prepositions,

Prepositional Phrases
and 1. Rakamsal değerlerin üzerinde 2. Bir yüzeyin üst kısmı… Temas yok ldiomatic
anlatır Expressions

1. above

The temperature has not risen much above zero for the past week.

2. across 1- Karşısı 2- Tamamı-Baştan sona

We went across the street to that restaurant.

There are innumerous stars across the sky.

3. against Karşı

a) I saw Altan leaning against a wall in the terminal building.

b) Workers began to protest against their appalling conditions.
c) The Belgians were in favor, the Dutch against.
d) We can get rid of the real evidence against him.

4. ahead of Bir şeyin ilerisinde/ötesinde

a) We are now two years ahead of schedule.

b) We have a long journey ahead of us, so let's talk to pass the time.

5. En az üç ve daha fazla şeyin arasında Among

a) Their house is hidden among trees.

b) A Turkish woman was among the 150 victims of the airplane crash in the Alps.

6. around Etrafında/etrafına/civarı

Youngsters are receiving maximum exposure to new ideas of the world around them.

7. as Olarak

a) This watch was given me as a birthday present.

b) He works as a teacher in a private high school.

8. as well as: in addition to, besides, apart …nın yanısıra / ilaveten from

He eats meat as well as fruit and vegetables.

9. at ..de/da (küçük noktalar için)

at home
a) He passed his driving test at his fifth attempt. at university
b) He is at work on a new invention. at school
at the rate
c) We set off at dawn. at a cafe
d) Eggs are sold at twenty cents a dozen. at a restaurant
at a party
e) We buy our groceries at that store on the corner.
at night
f) School begins at 9 o'clock every day. at noon
at midnight
g) He lives at 56, Fifth Street.
at lunch
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at the temperature
at the age of 20’s
h) House prices are rising at a higher rate than inflation.

10.before …den önce

a) We have a long journey before us.

b) 1 should like to think the matter over again before giving my reply.
c) Work should come before pleasure.

11.behind arkasında

a) The sun was hidden behind the clouds.

b) She is rather behind the rest of her class in mathematics.

Altında 1- Rakamsal değerlerin 2- Yüzey olarak bir şeyin alt kısmında 12.below

a) The Browns live in the flat below this one.

b) The price of houses is not likely to fall below this level for some time to come

Alt kısmında (genelde yüzey altı için kullanılır) 13.beneath

a) The wrecked vessel disappeared beneath the waves.

b) He wore a woolen vest beneath his shirt.
c) His legs were invisible beneath the table.

14.beyond Ötesinde, uzağında

a) He soon realized that the task he had undertaken was beyond him.
b) We can do nothing beyond what we have done already.
c) Instruments have extended the range of human senses far beyond what any man can experience.
d) Why he did it is beyond my comprehension.
e) The city has changed beyond recognition during the last 50 years.

15.by

a) He learned English well by studying hard.

b) 1 know him by sight, but not by name.
c) On a cold evening it is pleasant to sit by the tire.
d) l'11 have finished all my work by Friday.
e) The price has been increased by five dollars.
f) Milk is sold by the pint, butter by the pound, and eggs by the dozen.
g) By my watch, the time is halt past eleven.
h) The carpet is two meters by two and a half.
i) She was very generous by nature.
j) l'm a Londoner by birth.

16.Concerning: about, with regard to, in connection with

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a) We have no information concerning his whereabouts.
b) The journalist wrote some articles concerning prisons and prisoners.

17.depending on

Different methods are used, depending on what results are required.

18.despite in spite of

Despite all the thought and hard work devoted to the scheme, nothing came of it.

19.excluding: not counting

There were fifty people present, excluding the officials.

20.following

a) The mines had been closed following a geological survey.

b) The investigation was thoroughly reorganized, following the resignation of the Chairman.

21.from

a) The fog extended from Ankara to Polatlı.

b) We found the village very much changed from what it used to be.
c) Wine is made from grapes, and flour is made from wheat.
d) From the 1990s onwards there has been a gradual, often structural, separation between research and
teaching in higher education.

22.in

g) The last few years of his life were spent in poverty.

h) The police arrived in a matter of minutes.
i) Her whole life was spent in helping others.
j) 1 arrived at the railroad station in time to buy my ticket.
k) My brother was born in 1980.
l) It's very hot in Antalya in summer.
m) I'll go to Antalya in September, when the weather is very nice.
n) He gets up early in the morning.

23.including

A new car of this type costs $ 5,000, including purchase tax.

24.in spite of: despite

In spite of my warning, they persisted in doing it.

25.into

a) The austerity measures will be put into effect soon.

b) Intense cold turns water into ice.

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c) The project ran into difficulties.
d) 1 took off my fancy clothes and changed into slacks.
e) 1 translated the letter from Turkish into English.
f) The police will start an inquiry into the cause of the accident.

26.like

Erbil, like her sister, is very eager to learn new things.

27.of

The preposition of can be used to indicate:

(1)what something consists of: strong feelings of jealousy
(2)the subject matter of something: the idea of death
(3)possession: Mary aimless/y turned the pages of her magazine.
(4)a special characteristic: a woman of energy and determination
(5)age: a woman of thirty-two
a) it was very considerate of you to let me know you were going to be late.
b) It's an area of low rain fail.
c) She is a woman of great determination and persistence.
d) He called for the removal of the ban.
e) Only a disastrous tactical mistake can deprive him of victory.
f) I'm willing to do all the duties demanded of me provided they are within reason.
g) A household of this size inevitably has problems.
h) He has a fear of spiders.
i) He is a man of energy and ambition.
j) We are faced with problems of varying complexity.
k) She must address the problem of corruption.
l) He can barely maintain an attention span of 20 minutes.
Note also the following:
m) Punctuality is of great importance in our culture.
n) His contribution to science is of great significance to future generations.
o) This book will be of great use to you in the future.
p) The rapid destruction of tropical forests is of great concern to environmentalists.
q) English will be of great value to you in your future life.
r) The success of the program is of vital interest to the university.

28.off: away from; aside from

a) Halt of what he said was off the subject.

b) You will find the post office just off High Street.
c) He's off duty today.

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d) An oil tanker ran aground off the shore of Silifke, Mersin.

29.on

a) I heard it on the radio.

b) He worked on a farm for several years.
c) Our classroom is on the second floor of the building.
d) They are on holiday now.
e) He went to Istanbul on a business trip.
f) We'll go on a picnic next Sunday.
g) Take the first turning on your right.
h) On his doctor's advice, he took a month's holiday.
i) The two men were arrested on a charge of housebreaking.
j) On hearing the crash, we rushed out of the house.
(= When we heard the crash, we rushed out of the house.)
k) On his stepping out of the taxi, he was seized by two men.
= When he stepped out of the taxi, he was seized by two men.)
l) He is on a diet now.
m) He worked on this project for a long time.
n) Mr. Smith is on leave now. He'll be back at the end of August.
o) The workers decided to go on strike.
p) I can only do it on the understanding that I am not held responsible for the outcome.
q) The next round of drinks is on me.
r) What's on at the cinema tonight?
s) He came to visit me on several occasions.
t) The museum is open on Sundays.
u) 1 was born on October 22, 1976.
v) Most cars run on petrol.
w) He's on duty now.

30.on account of: because of; owing to; due to

He was absent from class yesterday on account of his sudden illness.

31.out of

a) Out of all the people present, only two spoke in favor of the proposal.
b) She did it out of jealousy.(=because of)
c) Only five students passed out of fifty.
d) The salary offered is out of all proportion to the work involved. –

32.owing to: because of; on account of

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All the schools in the area were closed owing to an outbreak of measles. –

33.past

a) He walked past me without speaking.

b) I caught a glimpse of John in the crowd while I was driving past Kızılay. –

34.to

a) He drowned in 10 to 12 feet of water.

b) Wait until the lights change to green.
c) I've lost the key to the file cabinet.
d) He was the British Ambassador to Turkey during the Second World War.
e) To my surprise, I passed the exam. (=I was surprised that I passed the exam.) –
f) To the disappointment of the spectators, the match had to be cancelled.
g) To the best of my knowledge, I have never seen the person before.
h) He works long hours, to the detriment of his health.

35.through

a) 1 got to know of it through a friend. (=by means of)

b) 1 got this job through an employment agency. (=by means of) –
c) Yesterday we walked through a beautiful park on the outskirts of the city. (=from one end to the other)
d) We travelled through the night. (=throughout, all through, during) –
e) 1 work from Monday through Saturday and take Sunday off. (=from ... until. .. )
f) We will be in Ankara from June 7 through December 7. (=from ... until. .. )
g) The diameter of a circle passes through the center.
h) The project was abandoned through lack of funds. (=because of, owing to, on account of, due to) –

36.throughout

a) Throughout the day, Alper maintained a sullen silence.

b) Throughout his career, his main concerns have been with politics.
37.together with
Plant disease, together with a prolonged drought, has ruined most of the crops.

38.towards

a) When we last saw the car, it was travelling towards Polatlı.

b) He has a negative attitude towards his school.
c) He will be here towards noon.

39.under

a) No one under twenty-one is eligible for membership of the club.

b) The subject is under discussion. (=in the process of)

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c) The road is under repair.

40.unlike: different from

Unlike Ali, who is optimistic, his sister is quite pessimistic.

41.up to

a) On Saturdays the shops keep open up to 7 p.m. (=until)

b) Read up to page 11. (=as far as)
c) You may have to pay up to $100 for a coat of this size. (=as much as)

42.with

a) 1 unlocked the door with my own key.

b) You can leave your dog with me.
c) Mary was in bed with 'flu'.
d) With some reluctance, George agreed to lend me his car.
e) With only two weeks to go before the birth of my baby, I was involved in an accident.
f) With inflation in the country rising, this caution is understandable.
g) I was taken to hospital with fierce abdominal pains.
h) He helped me with my homework.
i) With a few exceptions, it's a very friendly group of people.
j) The campaign was conducted with remarkable skill and tenacity.

43.within

a) Deep within him lived a secret dread.

b) Within a matter of weeks, she recovered from her illness.
c) it ensured a balance within society.
d) The house is within easy reach of the shops and the station.

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