CEFC 513 LECTURE 5

( 3 members only )

Introduction

The role of hydrology and hydraulics is essential in water resources engineering. These three
are interconnected and continuous study and application for the welfare of the engineering
society.

Pre-Assessment

What is the role hydrology and hydraulics in water resources engineering?

Watershed Management and Engineering Interventions: Role of Hydrology and Hydraulics

in WRE.

ROLE OF HYDROLOGY AND HYDRAULICS IN WATER RESOURCES ENGINEERING

- Water resource engineering involves planning and management of various constructed facilities.

- Hydrology is a science that includes the investigation of water on and beneath Earth's surface
and water, water's occurrence, water's chemical and physical features and its connection to the
environment's living and material elements.

Hydraulics, branch of scientific research, primarily in movement for the practical applications of
fluids. It is connected to fluid mechanics, which forms a theoretical basis in large part.

Hydraulics addresses such matters as liquid flow in and containment by dams and tanks in
pipes, rivers and channels. Some of its principles also apply to gasses, usually in cases where
density variations are relatively low. The range of hydraulics is therefore extended to mechanical
devices such as fans, gas turbines and pneumatic control systems.

Fluid mechanics, a science that deals with fluids' response to their strength. It is a branch in
classical physics, with major applications in hydraulic and aeronautical, chemical, meteorological
and zoological engineering.

The applications of water resources engineering include:

 Construction of various hydraulic systems, such as bridles and bridges, sewage ducts.
 Waterway management-protecting flooding and erosion.
 Resource protection – which involves the estimation of aggregation and distribution of various
forms of toxins in sea water.
 Building hydroelectric capacity.
 Drainage, water supply and navigation-in which water is used for advantageous purposes.

HYDROLOGY

- Scientific research on the flow, production and nature of water on Earth and other planets,
including the carbon cycle, water supplies and environmental protection of the watershed.

- It's the division of Earth science, which means water science. It is the science which deals with
the existence, circulation and distribution of the Earth's water and the Earth's atmosphere.

HYDRAULICS

-a field of science concerned with the functional application of fluids, mainly liquids, in motion.
It is related to fluid dynamics (q.v.), which is primarily based on its scientific basis. Hydraulics
deals with problems such as the drainage of liquids through pipelines, reservoirs and canals,
and their protection by dams and reservoirs. Any of its rules often refer to gases, typically in
situations where differences of density are comparatively small. As a result, the application of
hydraulics stretches to such mechanical instruments as fans and gas turbines and to pneumatic
control systems.

What is the role of hydrology and hydraulics in Water Resource Engineering?

 Rainfall-runoff analysis
 Watershed modeling analysis
 Hydraulic analysis
 Hydraulic design of flood protection channel
 Overland flood routing
 Fema floodplain mapping
 Feme levee certification and recertification
 Water availability forecasts

Water resources engineering is the quantitative study of the hydrologic cycle

-the distribution and circulation of water linking the atmosphere, land and oceans of the Earth.
Land runoff is defined as the difference between precipitation and accumulation, such as
erosion (which replenishes groundwater flow), soil melting and evaporation. Applications
include the maintenance of municipal water supplies, the construction of urban storm water
networks and the monitoring of flooding.

Hydraulic engineering consists of applying fluid mechanics to water flowing in an isolated

environment (pipe, pump) or in an open channel (river, lake, ocean). Civil engineers are mainly
concerned with the open channel flow, which is governed by the interdependent interaction
between the water and the channel.

Applications include the design of hydraulic structures, such as sewage ducts, dams and
watersheds, the management of waterways, such as protection against erosion and floods, and
environmental management, such as the prediction of mixing and transporting pollutants in
surface water. Hydroelectric power development, water supply, irrigation and navigation are
some familiar applications of water resource engineering involving the use of water for
beneficial purposes. More recently, the importance of water resource engineering has increased
with regard to preserving our natural environment and meeting the needs of developing
countries.
The study of water flow, including its properties and behavior, involves the application of
hydrological and hydraulic principles and methods. Hydrological analyzes are carried out to
quantify the volumetric flow rate of the water drainage from the watershed (i.e. the drainage
area) over time. The amount of water flowing from the watershed depends on the
characteristics of the watershed (e.g. size, land cover, antecedent moisture and steepness) and
the presence of water (e.g. intensity and duration of precipitation event, snowmelt rate, or a
dam regulation). Hydraulic analysis is carried out to assess the flux depth, flux velocity and
flow force on a surface or in a hydraulic structure. These studies are important components of
many structures in their hydraulic design and analysis.

Course Packet Discussion Forum

Why are water hydrology and hydraulics important to water resources engineering?

Post-Assessment

What is the role hydrology and hydraulics in water resources engineering?

Additional Activity

Write true if the statement is correct and false if not. If the statement is wrong, please underline
the word that make the sentence/s wrong and correct it by rewrite the question with correct
word/s.
1. Water resource engineering involves planning and management of various constructed facilities.
2. Hydrology is a science that includes the investigation of water on and beneath Earth's surface
and water, water's occurrence, water's chemical and physical features and its connection to the
environment's living and material elements.
3. Hydraulics is a branch of scientific research, primarily in movement for the practical applications
of fluids.
4. Hydrological analyzes are carried out to quantify the volumetric flow rate of the water drainage
from the watershed over time.
5. What is the role of hydrology and hydraulics in Water Resource Engineering?

Annexes:

Answer key to Pre-Assessment

Hydrology and hydraulics provide information in to be used in WRE.

Reference:

Galang, G. (2019). Role of

Hydrology and Hydraulics in
Water Resources Engineering.
Retrieved from: https://www.scribd.com/document/406533637/ROLE-OF-HYDROLOGY-AND-
HYDRAULICS-IN-WRE-pdf

https://www.sciencedirect.com/topics/earth-and-planetary-sciences/hydrology

The Editors of Encyclopaedia Britannica (n.d.). Hydraulics. Retrieved

from: https://www.britannica.com/science/hydraulics

Faber, T. (n.d.). Fluid Mechanics. Retrieved from: https://www.britannica.com/science/fluid-

mechanics