MODAL VERBS – MODALINIAI VEIKSMAŽODŽIAI

1. MUST naudojame nusakyti pareigą (dažniausiai, kaip pats kalbėtojas nusprendė). Taip pat jį
naudojame ir taisyklėms. DUTY/INTERNAL OBLIGATION
You must be quite in a library.
MUST taip pat naudojame ir spėjimams LOGICAL DEDUCTION
She must be exausted after a long day at work.

MUSTN‘T (neigiama forma) – draudžiama kažką atlikti. PROHIBITION

You mustn‘t smoke.
Must būtojo laiko forma – had to. We had to finish the report by Friday.

2. HAVE TO naudojame nusakyti, ką būtina ar privaloma atlikti (dažniau jis naudojamas tada,
kai kažkas kitas, o ne pats kalbėtojas nusprendė). NECESSITY/EXTERNAL OBLIGATION
Our teacher says we have to do our homework 
- Don‘t have to/doesn‘t have to/didn‘t have to (neigiama
- forma)

Būtojo laiko forma – had to

3. SHOULD/OUGHT TO DUTY, ADVICE išreiškia pareigą, duodam patarimą.

You should brush your teeth twice a day.
4. SHOULDN‘T - išreiškiame kritiką CRITICISM
5. DON‘T HAVE TO ABSENCE OF NECESSITY – You don‘t have to water the plants. I will do that
tomorrow.
6. NEEDN‘T/don‘t need to – You needn‘t have watered the plants. I did it yesterday.
(nereikėjo to daryti, bet padarė).
7. MAY/CAN – naudojame, kai norime suteikti leidimą PERMISSION
You can stay with us if you want.
8. MAY/MIGHT/COULD– galbūt, POSSIBILITY/PROBABILITY
He might be late because of the storm.
9. COULD/MIGHT/WOULD + have V3/Ved naudojame kalbėdami apie galimybę praeityje
(galėjo įvykti, bet neįvyko).
10.CAN/CAN‘T – galėti, mokėti ABILITY
I can run really fast.
11.COULD/COULDN‘T – negalėjo, nemokėjo PAST ABILITY
He coudn‘t swim when he was 5 years old.
 PRESENT SIMPLE PRESENT CONTINUOUS
Pprastasis esamasis laikas Esamasis tęstinis laikas

Am / is / are + V / V ing
Veiksmui, kuris vyksta šiuo metu
V / Vs Ateities veiksmui, kai kalbama apie planus ar
Dažnai ar retai pasikartojančiam veiksmui. ketinimus kažką nuveikti
Jis visada sunkiai dirba. Jis dirba (šiuo metu) savo kambaryje.
He always works hard. He is working in his room now.

Usually, always, often, never, sometimes, every day, in the

morning, twice a years. Now, still, at the moment, this week, at present nowadays.

TEIG NEIG KLAUS TEIG NEIG KLAUS

I work I don‘t work Do I work? I am working I am not working Am I working?

You work You don‘t work Do you work? You are working You aren‘t working Are you working?
He works He doesn‘t work Does he work? He is working He isn‘t working Is he working?
She works She doesn‘t work Does she work? She is working She isn‘t working Is she working?
It works It doesn‘t work Does it work? It is working It isn‘t working Is it working?
PRESENT We work We don‘t work Do we work? We are working We aren‘t working Are we working?
ESAMASIS You work You don‘t work Do you work? You are working You aren‘t working Are you working?
LAIKAS They work They don‘t work Do they work? They are working They aren‘t working Are they working?

PAST SIMPLE PAST CONTINUOUS

Paprastasis būtasis laikas Būtasis tęstinis laikas

V ed / V 2 Was / were + V ing

MIRĘS (pasibaigęs) VYKO
Jis daug dirbo vakar. Jis dirbo dešimtą valandą.
Yesterday he worked much. He was working at ten o‘clock.

Yesterday, last (October, week, night), ago, when...?, in

(1998, May) on 28 July when (we were in Pris). While, when, at the time, at 6,00 last Monday.

TEIG NEIG KLAUS TEIG NEIG KLAUS

Was I working?
I worked I didn‘t worked Did I work? I was working I wasn‘t working Were you working?
You worked You didn‘t worked Did you work? You were working You weren‘t working Was he working?
He worked He didn‘t worked Did he work? He was working He wasn‘t working Was she working?
She worked She didn‘t worked Did she work? She was working She wasn‘t working Was it working?
It worked It didn‘t worked Did it work? It was working It wasn‘t working Were we working?
PAST We worked We didn‘ worked Did we work? We were working We weren‘t working Were you working?
BŪTASIS You worked You didn‘t worked Did you work? You were working You weren‘t working Were they
LAIKAS They worked They didn‘t worked Did they work? They were working They weren‘t working working?

FUTURE SIMPLE FUTURE CONTINUOUS

Paprastasis būsimasis laikas Būsimasis tęstinis laikas

Will + V Will be +V ing

Rytoj jis dirbs nuo devynių iki šešių. Trečią valandą jis dar dirbs.
Tomorrow he will work from 9 to 6. He will still be working at 3.

Tomorrow, next (week, month), tonight, soon, in a week. Tomorrow, tonight, next (week, month) in two (three), days, soon.

TEIG NEIG KLAUS TEIG NEIG KLAUS

Will I be working?
Will you be
working?
Will he be working?
Will she be
I will work I won‘t work Will I work? I will be working I won‘t be working working?
You will work You won‘t work Will you work? You will be working You won‘t be working Will it be working?
He will work He won‘t work Will he work? He will be working He won‘t be working Will we be
She will work She won‘t work Will she work? She will be working She won‘t be working working?
It will work It won‘t work Will it work? It will be working It won‘t be working Will you be
FUTURE We will work We won‘t work Will we work? We will be working We won‘t be working working?
 BŪSIMASIS You will work You won‘t work Will you work? You will be working You won‘t be working Will they be
LAIKAS They will work They won‘t work Will they work? They will be working They won‘t be working working?
 
PRESENT PERFECT PRESENT PERRFECT CONTINUOUS
Esamasis atliktinis laikas Esamasis atliktinis tęstinis laikas

Have / has + V ing Have been / has been + V ing

Naudojamas išreikšti užbaigtus praeities įvykius, Jis visą naktį sunkiai dirbo.
kurių pasekmės jaučiamos dabartyje. He has been working hard all night.
Jis dirba čia nuo 1987 metų.
He has worked here since 1987.

Yet, just, since, for, already, lately, recently, so far, ever, never,
today, all day. For, since, lately, all morning, how long.

TEIG NEIG KLAUS TEIG NEIG KLAUS

Have I been working?

Have you been
working?
I have worked I havn‘t worked Have I worked? I have been working I havn‘t been working Has he been working?
You have worked You havn‘t worked Have you worked? You have been working You havn‘t been working Has she been working?
He has worked He hasn‘t worked Has he worked? He has been working He hasn‘t been working Has it been working?
She has worked She hasn‘t worked Has she worked? She has been working She hasn‘t been working Have we been working?
It has worked It hasn‘t worked Has it worked? It has been working It hasn‘t been working Have you been
We have worked We havn‘t worked Have we worked? We have been working We havn‘t been working working?
You have vorked You havn‘t worked Have you worked? You have been working You havn‘t been working Have they been
They have worked They havn‘t worked Have they worked? They have been working They havn‘t been working working?

PAST PERFECT PEST PERFECT CONTINUOUS

Būtasis atliktinis laikas Būtasis atliktinis tęstinis laikas

Had + V 3 Had been + V ing

Visą savo gyvenimą jis sunkiai dirbo. Aš mačiau, kad jis sunkiai dirbo.
He had worked hard all his life. I saw he had been working hard.

When, by the time, before, after, already, just, till/until, by ten

o‘clock, never. When, for, since, before, after, how long, until.

TEIG NEIG KLAUS TEIG NEIG KLAUS

I had worked I hadn‘t worked Had I worked? I had been working I hadn‘t been working Had I been working?
You had worked You hadn‘t worked Had you worked? You had been working You hadn‘t been working Had you been working?
He had worked He hadn‘t worked Had he worked? He had been working He hadn‘t been working Had he been working?
She had worked She hadn‘t worked Had she worked? She had been working She hadn‘t been working Had she been working?
It had worked It hadn‘t worked Had it worked? It had been working It hadn‘t been working Had it been working?
We had worked We hadn‘t worked Had we worked? We had been working We hadn‘t been working Had we been working?
You had worked You hadn‘t worked Had you worked? You had been working You hadn‘t been working Had you been working?
They had worked They had‘t worked Had they worked? They had been working They hadn‘t been working Had they been working?

FUTURE PERFECT FUTURE PERFECT CONTINUOUS

Būsimasis atliktinis laikas Būsimasis atliktinis tęstinis laikas

Will have + V 3 Will have been + V ing

1997 metais jis bus dirbęs čia dvidešimt metų. Dešimtą bus dvylika valandų, kai jis jau dirba.
By 1997 he will have worked here for twenty years. By ten he will have been working for 12 hours.

By, by the time, before, until/till. By, by the time, before, until/till.

TEIG NEIG KLAUS TEIG NEIG KLAUS

Will I have been

I won‘t have been working working?
I will have worked I will have been working You won‘t have been Will you have been
You will have You will have been working working?
worked I won‘t have worked working He won‘t have been Will he have been
He will have You won‘t have He will have been working working?
worked worked working She won‘t have been Will she have been
She will have He won‘t have worked She will have been working working?
worked She won‘t have Will I have worked? working It won‘t have been Will it have been
It will have worked worked Will you have worked? It will have been working working working?
We will have It won‘t have worked Will he kave worked? We will have been We won‘t have been Will we have been
worked We won‘t have worked Will she have worked? working working working?
You will have You won‘t have Will it have worked? You will have been You won‘t have been Will you have been
worked worked Will we have worked? working working working?
They will have They won‘t have Will you have worked? They will have been They won‘t have been Will they have been
worked worked Will they have worked? working working working?

 „I have been to the cinema four times this month.“ =

Naudojame esamojo atliktinio laiko (Present Perfect) veiksmažodžio to be formą,
kadangi kalbėtojas išreiškia veiksmą, kuris prasidėjo praeityje, tačiau vis dar nėra
užbaigtas, t.y. tęsiasi dabartyje (this month).
 „I went to the cinema four times last month.“ = Naudojame paprastojo būtojo laiko
(Past Simple) veiksmažodžio to go formą, kadangi kalbėtojas išreiškia veiksmą, kuris
yra jau pasibaigęs, t.y. atliktas praeityje (last month).