EAPP-111 

/ ►Week 20. Second Quarter Exam / ►Second Quarter Exam

Identify whether the technique used in writing the following passage is Classification, Cause
and Effect, Comparison and Contrast, Analogy, Definition, Persuasion, Process Description,
or Interpretation. 
 
Study reveals internet can ruin family relationships
Can the Internet be a source of conflicts? A new study from online security firm says yes,
and it does not just affect intimate relationships but family relationships as well.
Previous researches have revealed that children on average spend six hours or more glued
to the screens of their devices.
Kaspersky Lab and iconKids & Youth researchers surveyed over 3,700 families in seven
countries to know about how the internet is affecting their personal relationship with their
children.
One in four of the parents surveyed say that their kids now prefer to go online rather than
talk to them, with one in three parents believing the internet isolates them from their children.
All in all, a fifth of parents and children say that the internet can cause family tension.
"It is only natural that using—and misusing—each other’s connected devices can become a
cause of conflict for families. However, as we spend more and more time online, family
dynamics are also changing. It is important that families maintain an ongoing dialogue about
how to spot and respond to potential dangers, with parents and children together agreeing
on the basic rules on how they can best navigate the digital world,” said Andrei Mochola,
head of consumer business at Kaspersky Lab.
The survey also reveals that the problem may be worsened in the following cases:
If the device used by both parents and children gets broken,
If the device is accidentally infected by a virus while online,
If the parents had to pay for something their child had ordered or downloaded, and
If the parents had accidentally deleted some of their children's data
Janice Richardson, senior advisor at European Schoolnet, said that although the internet
becomes a source of conflict in some families, siblings and extended family members take
on a much bigger role in children's online activities.
"Children are instinctively turning to the person they perceive to be able to fix technical
issues, advise on sites and security tools and provide more objective responses to delicate
queries,” Richardson said, citing a recent study by the Joint Research Center of the
European Commission.
She said that given the emerging trend, the importance of parents and guardians developing
their own technical competence and building trusting relationship with their kids grow.
"At the same time, software and social media providers, too, should seek to develop more
‘family-friendly’ tools,” Richardson added. — Alixandra Caole Vila
The correct answer is: Cause and Effect
sampling is a method that is suited for a population that can be divided into non-overlapping
groups in the analysis of data.
The correct answer is: Stratified
questions are basically data that contain single words or phrases that can be consolidated to
allow for spelling and/or other minor variations.
The correct answer is: Short answer
Why are women most commonly at the worse end of a divorce?
The correct answer is: they have difficulty adjusting to a new lifestyle of living solo
True or False: The telephone survey is the most convenient method of administering
questionnaires to respondents as it does not require the physical presence of the
researcher.
The correct answer is: False
True or False: Non-probability sampling is effective because it eliminates the researcher's
bias.
The correct answer is: False
 opens the report and gives a brief description of the problem or topic at hand.
The correct answer is: introduction
True or False: It is important for the position paper to be persuasive.
The correct answer is: True
is a short, sharp, concise document which is written for a particular purpose and audience.
The correct answer is: report
plays an important part in writing a report as these are commonly written in sections with
headings and sub-headings.
The correct answer is: Outlining
One tip in writing a report is to know your
The correct answer is: brief
According to the article, which of the following is not the duty of a husband in a marriage?
The correct answer is: render services in the home
In researching for materials for your position paper, remember to unfamiliar
terms/concepts.
The correct answer is: define
True or False: The researcher must assume that the readers know the preliminary details
about your research since they would not read it if they do not know what the topic is all
about.
is one method in administering questionnaires to respondents that is done by sending the
questionnaire to the respondent through postal service.
The correct answer is: self-administered questionnaire
 is vital in helping your reader follow your points and ideas. Connect the ideas presented and
how one argument relates to another.
The correct answer is: Transition
True or False: The statement, "From interviews with students, we can gather that they are
not directly affected..." is considered appropriate language of reporting results or findings.
The correct answer is: True
A large group which the sample is selected from.
The correct answer is: Population
The results of the data gathering must be : it must be based on actual data gathered and
not swayed or altered by any biased comment or slant.
The correct answer is: objective
True or False: The position paper may present two stands/arguments on one topic at the
most.
The correct answer is: False
True or False: The non-probability sampling method utilizes random selection of
respondents.
The correct answer is: False
A  generally presents one side of an arguable opinion about an issue.
The correct answer is: position paper
questions are questions given by the researcher that suggests answers in a list,
consequently limiting the responses of the interviewee.
The correct answer is: Closed
Identify whether the technique used in writing the following passage is Classification, Cause
and Effect, Comparison and Contrast, Analogy, Definition, Persuasion, Process Description,
or Interpretation. 
 
Harry Potter and the Cursed Child book review: How the script compares to the Palace
Theatre production
by Jack Shepherd (published in Independent)
For every HarryPotter fan, the release of The Cursed Child is a dream come true. Who
thought an eighth part to the Boy-Who-Lived’s story would actually materialise so soon after
the main series finished? However, it quickly transpired this was going to be no normal book
release. 
JK Rowling chose to release The Cursed Child as a play, one ‘tailor made for the stage’ as
noted inThe Independent’s five-star review of the Palace Theatre production. Critics,
including myself, were blown away by the magical performance, Jack Thorne and John
Tiffany helping Rowling create something of immense wonder. 
So, how does the script, released to the public in book form, compare to the theatre
production? Is the magic still there? Already, fans have devoured the story, taking it apart bit
by bit, uncovering inconsistencies in the story telling, particularly regarding a certain time-
turner paradox. Could it have ever lived up to expectations?
Unfortunately, as fantastic as the production was, racing through the script was never going
to compare. Where stage theatrics sparked imaginations, now there are brief lines quickly
explaining huge set-ups; everyone knew the script couldn’t compete with the stage
production, begging the question, should this have ever been released in this format?
An example of the script being unmeasurable against the production comes in act one,
scene four. It starts with the explanation: “And now we enter a world of time changing. And
this Scene is all about magic.” In these few pages our hero, Albus Severus Potter, goes from
being sorted into a Hogwarts house in his first year to rushing onto the Express in his third.
Along the way, we’re treated to a brief Quidditch lesson, Great Hall assembly, and a Potions
lesson, but they’re all so brief we hardly get a flavour of what is actually happening. 
On stage, it was one of the play’s greatest scenes; fast pace but with vivid imagery. If The
Cursed Child was perhaps written as a book this could have been built on but, in these
pages, we barely get a taste of these formative years. It’s so quick, so little is said, readers
will race through, given little direction as what is happening.
Another example comes when the new generation of wizards drink a Polyjuice Potion. In
previous books and on stage, it was utterly hilarious as Rowling’s heroes transformed, yet,
as a script, the scene passes by rapidly, the humour and magic lost. 
Of course, this is the problem with releasing The Cursed Child as a script, and one we must
all be resolute with. For those who are unable to see the stage play, there’s still a lot to enjoy
in the script. Scorpius Malfoy, son of Draco Malfoy, is the highlight of the script, funny
throughout. Meanwhile, the titular hero, Harry Potter, has evolved into a slightly grumpy
father and one who lacks some basic parenting skills. It’s a natural progression for an
orphan thrown into the spotlight that is interesting and will no doubt anger some fans.
Without giving too much, the first half is quite innocent, while the second takes a dark turn
thanks to a time-twisting plot that - when read at a reasonable pace - can be quite confusing,
at times reading like fan-fiction, particularly when cameo when cameo after cameo rolls in. 
If you do have the luxury of being able to attend the Palace Theatre production, I highly
recommend it. If you’re unable to do so, perhaps wait until the inevitable three-part film
series comes.
The correct answer is: Interpretation
serve as sources of information that will help you study an entire population to gain insight to
its society.
The correct answer is: Respondents
True or False: Evaluative writing seeks to answer questions like "how are positions x and y
similar and how do they differ?," "What is the relationship between the arguments for x and
y?" and "how do philosophers A and B compare with respect to their thinking on P?"
The correct answer is: False
A is a working document that presents questions as well as the place and space for
recording the answers.
The correct answer is: questionnaire
True or False: Secondary sources are pieces of information which were already interpreted
by someone other than the original author.
The correct answer is: True
sampling is a type of non-probability sampling which considers the convenience for the
researcher as he or she can choose subjects from people near him or her who are willing to
be respondents for the study.
The correct answer is: Availability
sampling is a method in which the researcher himself chooses people who are qualified to
respond to the objectives of his/her study.
The correct answer is: Purposive
The writer is aware of the dire consequences of divorce. But which of the following is not an
advantage in passing the divorce law in the Philippines?
The correct answer is: The passing of the divorce law will encourage more to speak up in
face of a difficult marriage and have it as an easy escape
Identify whether the technique used in writing the following passage is Classification, Cause
and Effect, Comparison and Contrast, Analogy, Definition, Persuasion, Process Description,
or Interpretation. 
 
WoundClot: The Science Behind Faster Healing 
by UP Materials Science Society
 
It's Wisdom Wednesday!
 
Do you know what WoundClot does?
 
The WoundClot Gauze, is a single use, sterile, and bioabsorbable medical device that is
fabricated to suit a variety of wounds. It is made from cellulose with a molecular structure
designed to entrap platelets and coagulants in a modified physical molecular matrix,
specifically designed to create this hemodynamic polymer membrane, with high adherence
and resilience, able to withhold massive blood pressure and restrict blood flow almost
immediately.
  
The ability to adhere to a bleeding wound reduces the amount of pressure needed in order
to stop bleeding, thus preventing unnecessary damage the body caused by excessive
pressure, or infection caused by prolonged contact with the wound. Next, platelets from the
injury attach to the gauze by inter-molecular forces to form a stable membrane, which is able
to withstand severe arterial and venous blood flow for hours.
 
At the same time, specifically designed molecular functional groups transform to enhance
and activate the natural coagulation process. Coagulation is a complex chain reaction,
where different elements are motivated into action, conditioned from other reactions.
 
Specific molecular groups, created in the manufacturing process, are then dispersed during
gel formation to activate various coagulation factors in the blood, thus helping to form a
physiologically natural fibrin clot in the wound. The ability to influence these reactions
speeds the whole coagulation process.
 
After bleeding has stopped, the remaining residual membrane can be irrigated out of the
wound safely without pulling on soft tissue or the existing clot. WoundClot is designed to
maintain its integrity through polymeric chains, specifically designed to interact with water
molecules to form a physical cross linked network, which is manageable and natural.
The correct answer is: Definition
A rule in conducting surveys that requires the researcher to commit to the promise of
keeping confidential information strictly private.
The correct answer is: Fidelity
An is a question-and-answer activity between the researcher and the respondent for the
purpose of knowing what the respondent thinks and feels about the subject of the research
study.
The correct answer is: interview
Which of the following is not a strategy in effectively analyzing gathered data for the
research?
The correct answer is: What do people think of the researcher's take on the topic?
is a variable in a concept paper which gives the focus and purpose of the paper. The
researcher introduces the concept at hand and its importance in this part.
The correct answer is: Statement of the problem
True or False: Concept paper may take a stand on the discussed topic.
The correct answer is: False
The recommendation provides suggestions for the improvement of the discussion that are
"specific, achievable and
The correct answer is: measurable
Identify whether the technique used in writing the following passage is Classification, Cause
and Effect, Comparison and Contrast, Analogy, Definition, Persuasion, Process Description,
or Interpretation. 
 
The Decay of Friendship
from The Idler, Number 23, September 23, 1758
by Samuel Johnson (1709-1784)
Life has no pleasure higher or nobler than that of friendship. It is painful to consider that this
sublime enjoyment may be impaired or destroyed by innumerable causes, and that there is
no human possession of which the duration is less certain.
Many have talked in very exalted language, of the perpetuity of friendship, of invincible
constancy, and unalienable kindness; and some examples have been seen of men who
have continued faithful to their earliest choice, and whose affection has predominated over
changes of fortune, and contrariety of opinion.
 
But these instances are memorable, because they are rare. The friendship which is to be
practiced or expected by common mortals, must take its rise from mutual pleasure, and must
end when the power ceases of delighting each other.
Many accidents therefore may happen by which the ardor of kindness will be abated, without
criminal baseness or contemptible inconstancy on either part. To give pleasure is not always
in our power; and little does he know himself who believes that he can be always able to
receive it.
Those who would gladly pass their days together may be separated by the different course
of their affairs; and friendship, like love, is destroyed by long absence, though it may be
increased by short intermissions. What we have missed long enough to want it, we value
more when it is regained; but that which has been lost till it is forgotten, will be found at last
with little gladness, and with still less if a substitute has supplied the place. A man deprived
of the companion to whom he used to open his bosom, and with whom he shared the hours
of leisure and merriment, feels the day at first hanging heavy on him; his difficulties oppress,
and his doubts distract him; he sees time come and go without his wonted gratification, and
all is sadness within, and solitude about him. But this uneasiness never lasts long; necessity
produces expedients, new amusements are discovered, and new conversation is admitted.
No expectation is more frequently disappointed, than that which naturally arises in the mind
from the prospect of meeting an old friend after long separation. We expect the attraction to
be revived, and the coalition to be renewed; no man considers how much alteration time has
made in himself, and very few inquire what effect it has had upon others. The first hour
convinces them that the pleasure which they have formerly enjoyed, is forever at an end;
different scenes have made different impressions; the opinions of both are changed; and
that similitude of manners and sentiment is lost which confirmed them both in the
approbation of themselves.
Friendship is often destroyed by opposition of interest, not only by the ponderous and visible
interest which the desire of wealth and greatness forms and maintains, but by a thousand
secret and slight competitions, scarcely known to the mind upon which they operate. There
is scarcely any man without some favorite trifle which he values above greater attainments,
some desire of petty praise which he cannot patiently suffer to be frustrated. This minute
ambition is sometimes crossed before it is known, and sometimes defeated by wanton
petulance; but such attacks are seldom made without the loss of friendship; for whoever has
once found the vulnerable part will always be feared, and the resentment will burn on in
secret, of which shame hinders the discovery.
This, however, is a slow malignity, which a wise man will obviate as inconsistent with quiet,
and a good man will repress as contrary to virtue; but human happiness is sometimes
violated by some more sudden strokes.
A dispute begun in jest upon a subject which a moment before was on both parts regarded
with careless indifference, is continued by the desire of conquest, till vanity kindles into rage,
and opposition rankles into enmity. Against this hasty mischief, I know not what security can
be obtained; men will be sometimes surprised into quarrels; and though they might both
haste into reconciliation, as soon as their tumult had subsided, yet two minds will seldom be
found together, which can at once subdue their discontent, or immediately enjoy the sweets
of peace without remembering the wounds of the conflict.
Friendship has other enemies. Suspicion is always hardening the cautious, and disgust
repelling the delicate. Very slender differences will sometimes part those whom long
reciprocation of civility or beneficence has united. Lonelove and Ranger retired into the
country to enjoy the company of each other, and returned in six weeks, cold and petulant;
Ranger's pleasure was to walk in the fields, and Lonelove's to sit in a bower; each had
complied with the other in his turn, and each was angry that compliance had been exacted.
The most fatal disease of friendship is gradual decay, or dislike hourly increased by causes
too slender for complaint, and too numerous for removal. Those who are angry may be
reconciled; those who have been injured may receive a recompense: but when the desire of
pleasing and willingness to be pleased is silently diminished, the renovation of friendship is
hopeless; as, when the vital powers sink into languor, there is no longer any use of the
physician.
The correct answer is: Cause and Effect
The section shows the findings of the research done by the researcher by following the
methods.
The correct answer is: results
True or False: You may quote anyone as a supporting evidence or fact to your
research/study.
The correct answer is: False
Identify whether the technique used in writing the following passage is Classification, Cause
and Effect, Comparison and Contrast, Analogy, Definition, Persuasion, Process Description,
or Interpretation. 
 
21st Century Philippine Writing
by Danton Remoto (May 30, 2015)
Philippine writing in the 21st century has taken a new turn. The works are seen as sensitive
to gender, alludes to technology, show culture as plural rather than singular, and questions
conventions and supposedly absolute norms.
Writing by women continues to flourish. They have a feminist stance that questions the
centrality of the patriarchy (male-centered viewpoints). Forbidden Fruit: Women Write the
Erotic edited by Tina Cuyugan and Kung Ibig Mo, love poems edited by Joi Barrios show
that a woman’s map of dreams and desires is better drawn by a woman writer herself. Gone
were the days when female characters only came from the imagination – or fantasy – of
men.
Lesbian and gay writing continue to be written. Neil Garcia and I have just
published The Best of Ladlad. My other books
include Bright, Catholic – and Gay: Essays and Rampa: Mga Sanaysay, while coming soon
is a book of stories and essays called Happy Na, Gay, Pa.
Technology is also an important part of this literature, centered on the rise of the city and
anchored on globalization. The economic boom, albeit benefiting only the elite, has led to
the opening of the Philippines to diverse economic interests. Writings on Filipinos abroad
and of Filipinos abroad also add to this more cosmopolitan, if not more consumerist, attitude
of the 21st-century Filipino.
Moreover, writings from the regions have served notice that “imperial Manila” is no longer
the only fountain of ideas. We have to thank Ateneo de Naga Publishing House, National
Commission on Culture and the Arts, UP Press, and University of San Agustin Publishing
House, among others. The Don Carlos Palanca Memorial Awards in Literature has opened
its magisterial doors to writing from the regions. Ateneo de Manila University Press and UST
Publishing House are both in fine form, publishing important works from Katipunan and
Espana.
Nowadays, writers are no longer made to feel guilty if they write in English. In true
subversive fashion, they now write not just in English or Filipino but in both languages. Some
books show poems printed enface: one side in English, the other in Filipino. The twains have
met, and you can no longer detect which is written first, and which is the translation, for there
is equal facility and fluency in both. This recalls the verbal legerdemain of our ladino poets in
the 17th century.
Moreover, Marjorie Evasco has been translating her poems in English into Cebuano, J.
Iremil Teodoro writes lyrical stories in Kinaray-a and translates them into English, Peter Nery
slides from English to Hiligaynon in his erotic poems, Kristian Cordero and Victor Nierva
write works in Bicolano and in the next breath, translate them into elegant English. Surely,
the vessels that contain Philippine literature are no longer one, or two, or even three, but as
many as the different languages in our archipelago.
What about the English being written? Trinidad Tarrosa Subido coined the phrase “language
if [our] blood.” Dr. Gemino H. Abad has used it as framework in his three anthologies on
Philippine poetry in English. He said that we have colonized English and have made it our
own, and the poems are now “wrought from English.”
It is no longer the very proper English from the old textbooks, or the Americanese in books
copyrighted in New York. It is now a language filtered by our regional languages and by
mass media – printed, seen, broadcast – as well as shaped by social media, by the
fragmentation of text language, by sound bites, anime, graphic novels,
and cosplays (costume plays).
In 1995, the Philippine Studies journal of Ateneo de Manila University
published New Philippine Writing,which was edited by Professor Emmanuel Torres and I.
Prof. Torres said: “An alternative poetics is at work. . . . Form is more open-ended than
closed, looser, more improvisatory; the tone conversational, informal. And no one seems to
think twice about making explicit statements in the name of personal passion or liberation.
Despite the rise of ‘cause-oriented’ writing, formal matters of craft in no way seem
endangered, thanks to the influence of writing workshops in leading universities.”
Prof. Torres continues: “The popularity of poetry readings [and now open mike readings
even by non-poets, for good or for bad] on campuses and in writer-friendly coffeehouses is
partly the reason for the current taste for the laid-back and discursive. Apparently being
revived is the tradition of the poet as bard, one communally interactive and inclined to
addressing the sound-world of a poem to a roomful of listeners rather than one crafting lines
intended solely for the book page and the solitary reader. . . .”
Thus, we no longer find a poem about a poem; or a poem with Greek or Roman allusions; or
a story set in Greenwich Village. There is now a certain historicity; allusions to Philippine
myth and fable, lore and legend; astringent satires of popular culture and political foibles.
Anglo-American writers are still being read, but now they are hyphenated and seem like
dispatches from the global village. Works, in translation, of African, Asian, and Latin
American writers are being devoured. There is the shock of recognition in reading about
postcolonial experiences similar to ours, and fears and dreams coming from the same socio-
political conditions.
The internet has also made the Filipino writer less insular or old-fashioned.  Bob Ong started
a blog, “Bobong Pinoy” and parlayed it into bestselling books. Other blogs have become
popular books and even box-office-hit movies, i.e., Ang Diary ng Panget. Celebrities are now
supposedly writing, while radio anchors are turning their zany scripts into books. Senator
Miriam Defensor Santiago’s book, Stupid isForever, is the doyenne of them all: it has been
the bestselling book since December.
Pimply teenagers can upload their stories in Wattpad, watch them viewed 15 million times,
and now get contracts for a TV series or a romance film. Ghost stories are selling, and so do
children’s books and graphic novels. Young-adult novels are being written, for a generation
on the run (or eyes glued to their gadgets). I have done a controversial – and bestselling –
translation of Greene’s The Fault in Our Starsand Anvil will publish my translation of Marivi
Soliven’s novel, The Mango Bride.
The Filipino public has begun to read – and we are all the better for it.
The correct answer is: Comparison and Contrast
is a method of gathering data that aims to get the stand or opinion of a selected group of
people regarding various issues, that will affect a society.
The correct answer is: Survey
The must be inserted somewhere in the beginning to state the focus and the scope of all
the ideas included in the paper.
The correct answer is: thesis statement
One important tip in writing a report is to avoid using or terms that are widely unfamiliar to
your readers.
The correct answer is: jargons
A is an irregularity in the selection arising from the difference between the sample and
the population that resulted from random sampling.
The correct answer is: sampling error
sampling is a method wherein the researcher may select for individual respondents through
simple random or systematic random sampling from a chosen group.
The correct answer is: Cluster
True or False: The researcher may choose to reveal the specific details of his/her study to
the interviewee to make him/her better understand what he/she'll participate in.
The correct answer is: False
used on a concept paper are usually based on theory, past research, experience and need.
These will keep the writer on track to the goal, focusing mainly on the problem of the
research.
The correct answer is: Research questions
True or False: The concept paper used for research acts as a proposal wherein it serves as
a foundation for the whole research process.
The correct answer is: True
True or False: It is not important to name your figures in the presentation of findings. It is
enough to describe them as accurately and objectively as possible.
The correct answer is: False
Identify whether the technique used in writing the following passage is Classification, Cause
and Effect, Comparison and Contrast, Analogy, Definition, Persuasion, Process Description,
or Interpretation. 
 
How they make pancakes in Osaka
by Elfren S. Cruz (August 4, 2016)
A marriage of a pancake and an omelet is a beautiful thing — two breakfast favorites grilled
to juiciness and served piping hot.
In Japan, they call this delicious hybrid okonomiyaki, the “scrambled” version of which
originated from Osaka. It is prepared like a pancake and served with okonomiyaki sauce,
seaweed flakes, bonito flakes, Japanese mayo, and pickled ginger.
One of the original okonomiyaki restaurants in Osaka, Chibo Okonomiyaki, is now in Manila
at S Maison in the newly opened Conrad Hotel. Okonomiyaki shops abound in Osaka, but
Chibo is one of the oldest, dating back to 1973. They pride themselves on delivering the
same original okonomiyaki taste consistently across all its branches around the world. Even
visitors from Japan looking for something to eat that reminds them of home say that Chibo
Okonomiyaki in Manila is up to their standards.
Imagine this: you are in a room (they call it the Presidential Room), engulfed in smoke while
you watch the Chibo chef chop, toss, whisk, and press an okonomiyaki into shape, carefully
creating a nice, thin crust. It resists your bite but the center — composed of anything you
like, anything at all, because Chibo Okonomiyaki has a variant for all tastes — melts in your
mouth.
Chef Akihiro, who is from Osaka and therefore versed in the art of creating these savory
pancakes, creates several different dishes for us, while Kenji Komuro and David Guevarra,
operations manager, share the dish’s origins and how they create the
same okonomiyaki flavor in Manila. They bring most ingredients from Japan, while some
they create. The batter and the sauce are key and must be consistent. As for what’s inside
the pancake, their menu has more choices than you can handle.
Chef served us a really complex-looking one, topped with unsweetened meringue and a
flattened crab crown — the Shirayukihime or “Snow White Princess,” an extra-
soft okonomiyaki with prawn, bacon, pork, tomato, avocado and cheese. Kenji says it’s so
pretty some guests like to order it during birthdays, in lieu of cake. Well, happy birthday to
me. It’s delicious.
The correct answer is: Process Description
Identify whether the technique used in writing the following passage is Classification, Cause
and Effect, Comparison and Contrast, Analogy, Definition, Persuasion, Process Description,
or Interpretation. 
 
Should We Pay?
 
Many issues have been plaguing the sports world recently, especially the question of paying
college athletes. Are athletics so important that colleges need to put out millions of dollars
per year just to pay for students to play for them? Paying college athletes is like throwing a lit
match into a haystack: once the fire is started, it just keeps burning, making a bad situation
worse.
There are several differences between the haystack and paying athletes. To start,
throwing a needle in a haystack is a totally negative concept; everything will burn. However,
with paying college athletes, some people can find reasons why this could be a positive
thing. For instance, some believe paying athletes will bring more competition to the table and
make some colleges much more prestigious than others. Others say this will bring in more
money and more revenue. A second difference is the end of the situation. At the end of the
fire, there is smoke and it will eventually put itself out. However, this is an issue that cannot
extinguish itself. No matter what the verdict, someone is going to be unhappy and the "fire"
will keep burning.
Despite these differences there are many similarities between the two. One similarity is the
haystack going up in flames and the whole educational system going up. If we pay our
college athletes the focus will be more on the money than on learning.
College is supposed to prepare a student for life's work through learning, not be life's work.
College sports will also become more like professional sports- all about the money and less
about the love of the sport. Related to this is the issue of scholarships. Are scholarships not
enough pay for the student? And who decides how much money each player receives? Will
it depend on how good the player is, what sport they play, what position they are?
Another similarity has to deal with going up in flames. By throwing one little lit match into that
haystack, the whole thing goes up. Just by paying college athletes many other issues arise.
Yes, paying athletes may bring in more revenue, but how much of that will actually go back
to the college or institution? Another issue that comes up is the fairness to other students.
Young athletes already receive many things that non- athletes do not. Not only do they have
the opportunity to travel and stay overnight in the best hotels, they also get special
treatments away from the sport. Some athletes may receive special attention from certain
professors or even people throughout the town in which the college is located.
A third similarity between the burning haystack and paying athletes is the rate at which
things will "burn". The haystack will burn fast, leaving nothing behind, and getting bigger and
bigger as it goes. The same goes for this issue. Everyone wants to voice their own opinion
about it, snowballing into a bigger and bigger issue. People will quickly become angry and
quick to defend their side.
Paying college athletes is like throwing a lit match into a haystack: the educational system
and other issues go up in flames and they will occur very quickly. I believe there are more
problems with this idea than there are good things about it. I find nothing about it to be worth
spending millions of dollars to pay students to play a game. They need to be worrying more
about their studies. This issue will be burning for a long time.
The correct answer is: Analogy
Identify whether the technique used in writing the following passage is Classification, Cause
and Effect, Comparison and Contrast, Analogy, Definition, Persuasion, Process Description,
or Interpretation. 
 
What happens when a Youtube star writes a book
by Bong Osorio
Since the dawn of the Web and its many versions, numerous Internet sensations have come
and gone, but only a few have sustained and continue to increase their following. One of
them is Felix Kjellberg, popularly known by his Internet alias “PewDiePie.” He is a 20-
something Swede who has lingered as YouTube’s biggest star since 2013, garnering over
40 million followers on his channel. This makes him the holder of the Guinness Book of
World Records title for generating the most number of subscribers of all time. What’s more
astounding about his fame is that his videos have been viewed over 10 billion times but he
remains strange and nameless to most of his audience.
PewDiePie is a social media phenomenon whose popularity emanates from his one-of-a-
kind approach to his video productions, which usually start off with a shrill declaration of his
name before he slides into mocking, panicky reactions to various games and activities. At
the end, he thanks his “bros” for tuning in. PewDiePie’s fans have multiplied swiftly and
become more pervasive because instant communication facilitates increased word of mouth.
Following his social media success, PewDiePie ventured into book publishing and came up
with This Book Loves You, now a New York Times bestseller that is poised to become an
international sensation as well. The tome is an extremely imaginative pictorial collection of
direction and advice manifested in gags and witticisms that lampoons Internet memes and
passages. As he declared, it is a “parody on self-help books” and is “full of useful quotes.”
This Book Loves You serves up a lot of toilet humor and impassioned communication. The
heftiest improprieties, though, are masked by intriguing visuals or cheeky figures, while still
making the message quite apparent. The images are caricatures, executed mostly as
cartoony patchworks, and are funny bordering on the ridiculous. Hostility is not a prevalent
theme and the sexual content is manageable. The character of the opinions listed is ironic
and satiric and projects the persona of the author and the tonality of the message he wants
to convey.
What's the narrative?
The book — jokingly or seriously — was a byproduct of the author’s discovery of his “great
wisdom,” or so it seems.  He claims that he needs to share it with a world that desperately
needs to read it. His exasperation with the invariable quotes and memes cluttering social
media pushed him to put together this “first-rate, highly flavored, and optimistic” book.
A fan pic on Twitter inspired him to counter those bothersome memes with his own take. “I
turn these one-liners and quotes upside down by adding acerbic, smart-alecky, tongue-in-
cheek punch lines and colorful, witty and sometimes irreverent visual supports,” says
PewDiePie.
Millennials will surely get some laughs out of this paperback, which appears superficial and
thoughtless on the surface but holds a certain charm for a specific audience. But knowing
that millennials now number in the millions, who needs breadth and depth? Certainly not
PewDiePie.
This Book Loves You provides a window into the wacky mind of one of YouTube’s best
entertainers. Here are samples:
• “My favorite quote? It’s like being asked what my favorite child is. I don’t have a child.”
• “Money can’t buy you happiness; but it buys you all the things you don’t have, even friends.
I feel sorry for poor people.”
• “Don’t be afraid to say how you feel, because no one is going to care anyway.”
• “If you can fight your way out of a situation, don’t. You’ll die.”
• “To fly, you must get rid of the things that weigh you down. This is why all your friends left
you.”
• “Don’t sugarcoat everything… you’ll get diabetes.”
• “Impossible is nothing. Doing nothing is easy. So do nothing!”
• “You can’t watch YouTube in prison, so don’t kill anyone.”
• “Running out of money doesn’t count as exercise.”
• “Running away from problems won’t make you skinny.”
• “You can never fail if you never try. So why bother.”
• “You’re not bad, everyone else is just so much better.”
• “You can’t make everyone happy. So focus on making yourself happy so that maybe one
day your happiness will evolve and eat everyone.”
• “Don’t listen to haters. Live your life the way you want to live it.”
• “Keep your friends close, but your enemies closer. Unless you don’t have any friends, then
just sit in a corner and cry.”
• “Don’t worry about your problems. If you end up dead tomorrow, they’ll all be gone.”
• “Every second you’re closer to oblivion. No quote in the world is going to change that.”
• “If you can’t beat them, there’s still a good chance to annoy them.”
• “Change your life today, for the worse!”
• “Quotes are the most important thing in the universe, and you should always take them to
heart.”
If you’re dedicated PewDiePie fan you might just love him enough to buy the book out of
support for the phenomenon and his unusual, confusing and unique approach to book
writing. But expecting anything beyond a momentary laugh might be asking too much.
The correct answer is: Cause and Effect
Identify whether the technique used in writing the following passage is Classification, Cause
and Effect, Comparison and Contrast, Analogy, Definition, Persuasion, Process Description,
or Interpretation. 
 
Federalism and Democracy
by Elfren S. Cruz (August 4, 2016)
Federalism is a form of government where there is a division of powers between the national
government and the regional governments. Federalism is said to be particularly suited to
democracies especially those with very large populations or large geographical territories.
It has also been noted that real federalism can exist only in a democracy. This is because an
authoritarian government will always insist on centralizing powers through a unitary form of
government. The second reason is that the separation of powers must be rooted in
constitutionalism and the rule of law.
All organizations, whether in business or government, reach a certain point at which there
must be a decentralization of powers if it wants to be more efficient. In a businesss
organization, this decentralization comes in the form of creating regional offices and
appointing regional heads. In a democracy, powers must be delegated to an elected body if
there is to be credibility and popular support from the people. Here is how George Anderson
of the Forum of Federations explains it:
“The Soviet Union, Yugoslavia and Czechoslovakia were not true federations  during the
period of Communist rule, even though they had federal constitutions. All real powers were
centralized in the Communist Party.
The situation was more complex in Latin America. Brazil and Argentina had periods of
military rule at the center, but sometimes allowed relatively free elections within their states
or provinces – particularly during military rule; in Brazil, the states developed a key role in
designing a constitution to end [military] rule. In Mexico, the Institutional Revolutionary Party
[PRI] largely controlled elections for many years but over time its grip loosened, particularly
in certain states.
Nigeria and Pakistan have had similar experiences of intermittent military rule and federal
democracy. Thus, some undemocratic federations are clearly for show, but in others their
federal structure might have some reality. Moreover, in all these countries, federal
constitutional arrangements came to have real significance during the transition to
democracy as previously subservient units were empowered . In the formerly communist
countries, the federal structure played a role in their break up.”
Federalism and Constitution
A truly effective federal system must be based on a written constitution and the rule of law.
The constitution must clearly define the distribution of powers between the national
government and the regional government.
However, another component in the constitution must be the method for resolving conflicts
over the legal powers of the national and the regional governments. A citizen cannot obey
two contradictory laws. Normally, the legal conflicts can arise in the following ways:
• When there is a conflict between the laws of the national government and the regional
governments, the central government’s laws are considered paramount. The only exceptions
are those specifically provided by the constitution.
• Sometimes the national government and the regional government may pass laws that are
in conflict. However, both sides may claim that their laws is derive from their powers. For
example, the national government may have powers over internal trade but the regional
government has powers over property. They may pass conflicting laws over these two
areas. In such a case resolving the conflict requires determining which power – internal
trade or property – is more relevant. The constitution must provide a method for interpreting
relevant laws.
• There can also be times that there are no conflicts but a government or private party may
object to law passed by another government on the grounds that the law goes beyond its
powers.
• Sometimes, there are objections to a law on the grounds that it goes against a
constitutionally established right.
A federal form of government requires a very strong and autonomous federal judiciary.  In
almost all federal states, the judiciary – especially the Supreme Court – has the ultimate
authority for resolving constitutional disputes.
In the United States, the appointment of Supreme Court Justices is a highly politicized and
debated issue but no one questions the right of the Supreme  Court to be the final authority
for deciding on constitutional issues. This is again another reason why federalism can
succeed only in a democracy where the rule of law prevails and is accepted by all authorities
– national and regional.
It is true that federalism cannot guarantee good governance any more than a unitary form of
government. But the increase in worldwide attention to federalism is being driven by the
spread of democracies and the increase in population in many developing countries. These
two factors are leading to the demand for the devolution of powers to the areas outside the
usual centers of powers.
In the Philippines, Metro Manila has always been the center of power. The electoral powers
has always resided in the so called “ corridor” that stretches from Pangasinan to Quezon. It
is not a coincidence that the economic power is also concentrated in this same corridor of
power.
The devolution of power to the local government units is limited by the fact that these LGUs
are too small to have any real powers; and, must remain dependent on the largesse of the
central powers in Metro Manila.
The time has come to seriously consider how to allow the more equitable distribution of
economic and political power from the center to the regions. We are not a small country.
With a population of more than 100 million, federalism is the more effective form of
government. Why regional governments?  Political power cannot be devolved to an
appointive body. In a democracy, political power can only be devolved to an elected
government. This is the reason for federalism.
The correct answer is: Definition
In the position paper at the beginning of the test, was the author in favor of the passage of
the divorce law in the Philippines?
The correct answer is: Yes
is one rule in conducting surveys wherein the researcher must be aware of what information
must be kept private and public.
The correct answer is: Confidentiality
The gives the ideal timeframe for the whole process to serve as a guide for the
researcher.
The correct answer is: timeline
One strength of survey is that is shown by the ability to get a specific group of people to
answer to a particular issue.
The correct answer is: generalizability
is an ethical principle in conducting a survey that reminds the researcher to respect the
opinions and position of the respondents in a certain issue.
The correct answer is: Autonomy
is one rule in conducting surveys wherein the researcher must be aware of what information
must be kept private and public.
The correct answer is: Confidentiality
True or False: It is not important to name your figures in the presentation of findings. It is
enough to describe them as accurately and objectively as possible.
The correct answer is: False
The concept paper may include the   that the writer/researcher must answer during the
course of the research.
The correct answer is: research questions
Identify whether the technique used in writing the following passage is Classification, Cause
and Effect, Comparison and Contrast, Analogy, Definition, Persuasion, Process Description,
or Interpretation. 
 
What happens when a Youtube star writes a book
by Bong Osorio
Since the dawn of the Web and its many versions, numerous Internet sensations have come
and gone, but only a few have sustained and continue to increase their following. One of
them is Felix Kjellberg, popularly known by his Internet alias “PewDiePie.” He is a 20-
something Swede who has lingered as YouTube’s biggest star since 2013, garnering over
40 million followers on his channel. This makes him the holder of the Guinness Book of
World Records title for generating the most number of subscribers of all time. What’s more
astounding about his fame is that his videos have been viewed over 10 billion times but he
remains strange and nameless to most of his audience.
PewDiePie is a social media phenomenon whose popularity emanates from his one-of-a-
kind approach to his video productions, which usually start off with a shrill declaration of his
name before he slides into mocking, panicky reactions to various games and activities. At
the end, he thanks his “bros” for tuning in. PewDiePie’s fans have multiplied swiftly and
become more pervasive because instant communication facilitates increased word of mouth.
Following his social media success, PewDiePie ventured into book publishing and came up
with This Book Loves You, now a New York Times bestseller that is poised to become an
international sensation as well. The tome is an extremely imaginative pictorial collection of
direction and advice manifested in gags and witticisms that lampoons Internet memes and
passages. As he declared, it is a “parody on self-help books” and is “full of useful quotes.”
This Book Loves You serves up a lot of toilet humor and impassioned communication. The
heftiest improprieties, though, are masked by intriguing visuals or cheeky figures, while still
making the message quite apparent. The images are caricatures, executed mostly as
cartoony patchworks, and are funny bordering on the ridiculous. Hostility is not a prevalent
theme and the sexual content is manageable. The character of the opinions listed is ironic
and satiric and projects the persona of the author and the tonality of the message he wants
to convey.
What's the narrative?
The book — jokingly or seriously — was a byproduct of the author’s discovery of his “great
wisdom,” or so it seems.  He claims that he needs to share it with a world that desperately
needs to read it. His exasperation with the invariable quotes and memes cluttering social
media pushed him to put together this “first-rate, highly flavored, and optimistic” book.
A fan pic on Twitter inspired him to counter those bothersome memes with his own take. “I
turn these one-liners and quotes upside down by adding acerbic, smart-alecky, tongue-in-
cheek punch lines and colorful, witty and sometimes irreverent visual supports,” says
PewDiePie.
Millennials will surely get some laughs out of this paperback, which appears superficial and
thoughtless on the surface but holds a certain charm for a specific audience. But knowing
that millennials now number in the millions, who needs breadth and depth? Certainly not
PewDiePie.
This Book Loves You provides a window into the wacky mind of one of YouTube’s best
entertainers. Here are samples:
• “My favorite quote? It’s like being asked what my favorite child is. I don’t have a child.”
• “Money can’t buy you happiness; but it buys you all the things you don’t have, even friends.
I feel sorry for poor people.”
• “Don’t be afraid to say how you feel, because no one is going to care anyway.”
• “If you can fight your way out of a situation, don’t. You’ll die.”
• “To fly, you must get rid of the things that weigh you down. This is why all your friends left
you.”
• “Don’t sugarcoat everything… you’ll get diabetes.”
• “Impossible is nothing. Doing nothing is easy. So do nothing!”
• “You can’t watch YouTube in prison, so don’t kill anyone.”
• “Running out of money doesn’t count as exercise.”
• “Running away from problems won’t make you skinny.”
• “You can never fail if you never try. So why bother.”
• “You’re not bad, everyone else is just so much better.”
• “You can’t make everyone happy. So focus on making yourself happy so that maybe one
day your happiness will evolve and eat everyone.”
• “Don’t listen to haters. Live your life the way you want to live it.”
• “Keep your friends close, but your enemies closer. Unless you don’t have any friends, then
just sit in a corner and cry.”
• “Don’t worry about your problems. If you end up dead tomorrow, they’ll all be gone.”
• “Every second you’re closer to oblivion. No quote in the world is going to change that.”
• “If you can’t beat them, there’s still a good chance to annoy them.”
• “Change your life today, for the worse!”
• “Quotes are the most important thing in the universe, and you should always take them to
heart.”
If you’re dedicated PewDiePie fan you might just love him enough to buy the book out of
support for the phenomenon and his unusual, confusing and unique approach to book
writing. But expecting anything beyond a momentary laugh might be asking too much.
The correct answer is: Cause and Effect
Identify whether the technique used in writing the following passage is Classification, Cause
and Effect, Comparison and Contrast, Analogy, Definition, Persuasion, Process Description,
or Interpretation. 
 
Federalism and Democracy
by Elfren S. Cruz (August 4, 2016)
Federalism is a form of government where there is a division of powers between the national
government and the regional governments. Federalism is said to be particularly suited to
democracies especially those with very large populations or large geographical territories.
It has also been noted that real federalism can exist only in a democracy. This is because an
authoritarian government will always insist on centralizing powers through a unitary form of
government. The second reason is that the separation of powers must be rooted in
constitutionalism and the rule of law.
All organizations, whether in business or government, reach a certain point at which there
must be a decentralization of powers if it wants to be more efficient. In a businesss
organization, this decentralization comes in the form of creating regional offices and
appointing regional heads. In a democracy, powers must be delegated to an elected body if
there is to be credibility and popular support from the people. Here is how George Anderson
of the Forum of Federations explains it:
“The Soviet Union, Yugoslavia and Czechoslovakia were not true federations  during the
period of Communist rule, even though they had federal constitutions. All real powers were
centralized in the Communist Party.
The situation was more complex in Latin America. Brazil and Argentina had periods of
military rule at the center, but sometimes allowed relatively free elections within their states
or provinces – particularly during military rule; in Brazil, the states developed a key role in
designing a constitution to end [military] rule. In Mexico, the Institutional Revolutionary Party
[PRI] largely controlled elections for many years but over time its grip loosened, particularly
in certain states.
Nigeria and Pakistan have had similar experiences of intermittent military rule and federal
democracy. Thus, some undemocratic federations are clearly for show, but in others their
federal structure might have some reality. Moreover, in all these countries, federal
constitutional arrangements came to have real significance during the transition to
democracy as previously subservient units were empowered . In the formerly communist
countries, the federal structure played a role in their break up.”
Federalism and Constitution
A truly effective federal system must be based on a written constitution and the rule of law.
The constitution must clearly define the distribution of powers between the national
government and the regional government.
However, another component in the constitution must be the method for resolving conflicts
over the legal powers of the national and the regional governments. A citizen cannot obey
two contradictory laws. Normally, the legal conflicts can arise in the following ways:
• When there is a conflict between the laws of the national government and the regional
governments, the central government’s laws are considered paramount. The only exceptions
are those specifically provided by the constitution.
• Sometimes the national government and the regional government may pass laws that are
in conflict. However, both sides may claim that their laws is derive from their powers. For
example, the national government may have powers over internal trade but the regional
government has powers over property. They may pass conflicting laws over these two
areas. In such a case resolving the conflict requires determining which power – internal
trade or property – is more relevant. The constitution must provide a method for interpreting
relevant laws.
• There can also be times that there are no conflicts but a government or private party may
object to law passed by another government on the grounds that the law goes beyond its
powers.
• Sometimes, there are objections to a law on the grounds that it goes against a
constitutionally established right.
A federal form of government requires a very strong and autonomous federal judiciary.  In
almost all federal states, the judiciary – especially the Supreme Court – has the ultimate
authority for resolving constitutional disputes.
In the United States, the appointment of Supreme Court Justices is a highly politicized and
debated issue but no one questions the right of the Supreme  Court to be the final authority
for deciding on constitutional issues. This is again another reason why federalism can
succeed only in a democracy where the rule of law prevails and is accepted by all authorities
– national and regional.
It is true that federalism cannot guarantee good governance any more than a unitary form of
government. But the increase in worldwide attention to federalism is being driven by the
spread of democracies and the increase in population in many developing countries. These
two factors are leading to the demand for the devolution of powers to the areas outside the
usual centers of powers.
In the Philippines, Metro Manila has always been the center of power. The electoral powers
has always resided in the so called “ corridor” that stretches from Pangasinan to Quezon. It
is not a coincidence that the economic power is also concentrated in this same corridor of
power.
The devolution of power to the local government units is limited by the fact that these LGUs
are too small to have any real powers; and, must remain dependent on the largesse of the
central powers in Metro Manila.
The time has come to seriously consider how to allow the more equitable distribution of
economic and political power from the center to the regions. We are not a small country.
With a population of more than 100 million, federalism is the more effective form of
government. Why regional governments?  Political power cannot be devolved to an
appointive body. In a democracy, political power can only be devolved to an elected
government. This is the reason for federalism.
The correct answer is: Definition
Identify whether the technique used in writing the following passage is Classification, Cause
and Effect, Comparison and Contrast, Analogy, Definition, Persuasion, Process Description,
or Interpretation. 
 
How they make pancakes in Osaka
by Elfren S. Cruz (August 4, 2016)
A marriage of a pancake and an omelet is a beautiful thing — two breakfast favorites grilled
to juiciness and served piping hot.
In Japan, they call this delicious hybrid okonomiyaki, the “scrambled” version of which
originated from Osaka. It is prepared like a pancake and served with okonomiyaki sauce,
seaweed flakes, bonito flakes, Japanese mayo, and pickled ginger.
One of the original okonomiyaki restaurants in Osaka, Chibo Okonomiyaki, is now in Manila
at S Maison in the newly opened Conrad Hotel. Okonomiyaki shops abound in Osaka, but
Chibo is one of the oldest, dating back to 1973. They pride themselves on delivering the
same original okonomiyaki taste consistently across all its branches around the world. Even
visitors from Japan looking for something to eat that reminds them of home say that Chibo
Okonomiyaki in Manila is up to their standards.
Imagine this: you are in a room (they call it the Presidential Room), engulfed in smoke while
you watch the Chibo chef chop, toss, whisk, and press an okonomiyaki into shape, carefully
creating a nice, thin crust. It resists your bite but the center — composed of anything you
like, anything at all, because Chibo Okonomiyaki has a variant for all tastes — melts in your
mouth.
Chef Akihiro, who is from Osaka and therefore versed in the art of creating these savory
pancakes, creates several different dishes for us, while Kenji Komuro and David Guevarra,
operations manager, share the dish’s origins and how they create the
same okonomiyaki flavor in Manila. They bring most ingredients from Japan, while some
they create. The batter and the sauce are key and must be consistent. As for what’s inside
the pancake, their menu has more choices than you can handle.
Chef served us a really complex-looking one, topped with unsweetened meringue and a
flattened crab crown — the Shirayukihime or “Snow White Princess,” an extra-
soft okonomiyaki with prawn, bacon, pork, tomato, avocado and cheese. Kenji says it’s so
pretty some guests like to order it during birthdays, in lieu of cake. Well, happy birthday to
me. It’s delicious.
The correct answer is: Process Description
The position paper must be written in the point of view.
The correct answer is: first person