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    29 views9 pages

    92 S28 PDF

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    picott

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    CRI Title no, 92-828 URAL JOURNAI Shear Strengthening of Reinforced Concrete Beams Using Externally Applied Composite Fabrics by Michael J. Chajes, Ted F. Januszka, Dennis R. William W. Finch, Jr. A series of pvelve under-reinforced concrete Tbeams was tested 10 study the effectiveness of using externally applied composite fabrics as a method of increasing a beam's shear capacity. Woven composite fabries made of aramid, E-slass, and graphite fibers were bonded to the web of the T- beans using a o-component epoxy. The three diferent fabrics were cho sen 10 allow various fabric sifeesses and strengths to be studied. The beams were tested in flexure, and the performance of eight beams with euernal shear reinforcement was compared 10 results of four control beams with no extemal reinforcement. All the beams failed in shear and those with composite reinforcement displayed excellent bond characters ties. For the Beams with external reinforcement, increases in ultimate strength of 6010 150 percent were achieved. Keywords: adhesives; beams (supports); bonding; composite materials; epoxy resins; reinforced conerete; reinforcing materials: shear strength: With deterioration of the nation’s infrastructure comes the growing need for effective means of rehabilitating struc- tures. Possibly one of the most challenging tasks is to up- grade the overall capacity of concrete structures. Use of advanced composite materials for structural reha- bilitation shows great promise. Composite materials are non- corrosive, nonmagnetic, nonconductive, and generally resistant to chemicals, with a high strength-to-weight ratio. Several researchers have written surveys discussing promis- ing applications of composite materials for a variety of civil structures.” With regard to strengthening of concrete struc- tures, applications studied include: 1) bonding of composite plates to reinforced concrete and prestressed concrete beams to improve flexural stiffness and strength;*"? 2) wrapping of reinforced concrete columns with fiberglass/epoxy jackets to provide needed flexural and shear strength enhancement to allow resistance to seismic loads; and 3) wrapping of rein- forced concrete columns to increase axial capacity.5"6 In a study involving shear strengthening of beams with ‘composite materials,” preliminary tests indicated that exter- nally applied composite materials may provide a significant strength increase. The focus of this paper isto present effects of externally applied composite fabrics on shear capacity of reinforced concrete beams. Included in the study are effec- ACI Structural Journal / May-June 1995 Mertz, Theodore A. Thomson, Jr., and tiveness of a variety of woven composite fabrics with differ- ent strengths and stffnesses (aramid, E-glass, and graphite), as well as the effect on performance of changing fiber orien- tation of the bonded woven fabric. RESEARCH SIGNIFICANCE Rebuilding the infrastructure is a major problem facing the United States today. In the U.S. Department of Transporta- tion's 10th biennial report to Congress titled “The Status of the Nation's Highways and Bridges: Conditions and Perfor- mance,” it was concluded that approximately 16 percent of interstate bridges and 42 percent of all bridges are consid- ered to be deficient.'® The cost of replacing all deficient bridges is prohibitive. Limited public funds available to meet the challenge must be wisely spent. According to the report, limited financial resources and current technology together ‘will not solve the problem. High-tech solutions must be in ‘vestigated so innovative uses of new technologies and mate- rials can be employed to rebuild the infrastructure.” Utilization of composite materials in rehabilitating struc tures is one such innovative technique. While there has been significant amount of research conducted on flexural strengthening of concrete beams with externally applied composite reinforcement.*" little work has been done in- volving shear strengthening. To add flexural reinforcement toa prismatic concrete beam, a flat composite plate may sim- ply be bonded to the beam's tension face. It is more difficult to add shear reinforcement to concrete beams, especially when the beams are not isolated but are instead part of a floor-beam system. To best provide external shear reinforce- ment, it is desirable to encase the beam's web withthe exter- nal reinforcement. This can be more easily accomplished using a flexible material, such as a composite fabric, than us- ACI Siractaral Joma. 92, No.3, May-June 1985 eee Fe. 3, 1998, nd reviewed under Insite publication policies. Copsiaht (011988, Amercan Concrete Insti. Aliht tested. cluding the making of opie nls: permission bed from the copyrpt proprietor Pertnem dns Sion wl puted the Match Apa 1986.41 Strctal urna received by 295 ‘XCt member Michael J. Cher an asians profesor i the Departmen of Coit Eincring, the Univer of Delaware, Newer. Ted FE Jamarcka ic graduate seen in the Deparment of Ci sinerng at he University of Delaware Dennis R. Mert is an associate professor in the Departmen of Cl Engincering ot the University of Delaware. Theodore A Thomson, Jia grate dentin th Deparment of Chl Engineer Ing ar he Univer of Delaware ACT member Wiliam W Bich, Ji. raduate student in he Departmen of Chi Engineering athe Univers of Delaware [a —_ a EG 7 _ _ ——— Fig. 1—Test beam geometry, strain gage locations, and applied loading ing a plate, since the fabric can conform to any arbitrary shape. This paper demonstrates that externally bonded com- posite fabric can be used successfully to provide a significant amount of shear reinforcement. EXPERIMENTAL STUDY Beam design ‘The concrete T-beams were designed to meet specifica- tions of the ACI Building Code.” The internal flexural rein- forcement consisted of one No. 5 Grade 60 stee! bar. This selection satisfied the ACI code's ductility requirement, in that the percentage of reinforcing steel p was between the upper and lower bounds for an under-reinforced beam (Pan# 0.0083

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