Ground Boring & Piling Rev-3 PDF

DOC. SAFETY DIVISION STEEL WORKS EFF. DATE 01.03.
2011
STANDARD
DOC. # SS/ENGG-12 TITLE Ground Boring and REVISION 03
SHEET 1 OF 15 Piling Operation DUE FOR 01.03.2014
REVISION
COMP. BY S.N.Nandi SIGNED DATE 15.02.2011
AUTH. BY S.N.Ghatak SIGNED DATE 15.02.2011
1.0 Procedure: This procedure describes the safety precautions and protective systems required during
piling operation, boring for soil exploration work, rain water harvesting and electrical earthing Pit.
2.0 Reference:
SS/ENGG-01 : Safety standard on excavation
SS/ENGG-03 : Safety standard on working at height and continuous fall protection
SS/ENGG-13 : Safety standard on barricading
SS/ENGG-07 : Safety standard on personal protective equipment
SS/ELEC-01 : Safety standard on temporary electric wiring
SS/ENGG-06 : Safety standard on rigging equipment (sling and wire ropes)
SS/GEN-09 : Safety standard on equipment and machinery guarding
3.0 Associated Hazards: Slip, trip, fall, hit, impact, breaking of fly wheels, noise, vibrations, body
intrusion and abrasion, damage to existing structures, electrical hazards etc.
4.0 Applicability: This standard is applicable for all locations of Tata Steel Ltd., India.
5.0 Responsibility: Working department, Contractor, Consultants, Engineering & Projects.
6.0 Procedure:
6.1 General Requirement :
6.1.1 All Piling operations shall be carried out under the supervision of qualified and
competent persons.
6.1.2 Prior to piling, contractors shall obtain clearance from Central Project Engineering
Division, for protection of underground facilities, which may interfere with the piling work. The
work site shall be investigated for underground service lines in the area. Care must be taken,
particularly for underground live electrical cables. For this, one has to follow the safety standard
SS/ENGG-01, on excavation.
6.1.3 The work site must be barricaded with appropriate fencing, as per the safety standard
SS/ENGG-13, to prevent unauthorised entry.
6.1.4 All safety provisions must be brought to the notice of all concerned and matters needing
special attention must be displayed at a prominent place at site.
DOC. SAFETY DIVISION STEEL WORKS EFF. DATE 01.03.2011
STANDARD
REVISION
6.1.5 All workers must wear tight fitting clothes or uniform, helmets, hand gloves, protective
footwear and eye protectors, as per the requirement of the safety standard SS/ENGG-07 on
Personal Protective Equipment.
6.1.6 For work during night, the work site shall be illuminated with at least 100 lux intensity.
6.1.8 No material shall be piled, dumped or stacked at random but only in areas specified
for the same.
6.1.9 Mud / slurry coming out during pile driving, shall be channelised to a designated
place.
6.1.10 All holes, which are left unattended, shall be adequately and securely covered or shall
have an effective barrier placed as close to the edge as possible. A pile bore hole shall be
covered with grating during any break/waiting period in the sequence of piling activity. The
grating permits visibility of hole and therefore is less likely to be inadvertently removed.
6.1.11 All electrical connection will be taken through ELCB. Proper earthing to be ensured for
all electrical connections. Wiring to be done as per standard SS/ELEC – 01.
6.1.12 All abandoned and empty bore holes should be immediately back-filled by suitable
filling material. No abandoned bore hole shall be left without filling.
In case of any incident/accident regarding collapse of bore hole, the contractor shall fill-up the
bore hole as quickly as possible but, after obtaining approval of TSL Engineers.
6.1.13 Bold warning/caution board in local language to be placed at piling location with clear
visibility. The caution board should indicate the area to be ‘Hazardous’ and display ‘No entry
except on business’.
6.1.14 At every location, at least one piling supervisor shall be deputed at site whose
responsibility of supervision shall be limited to only two (2) piling rigs operating in the near
vicinity. The piling supervisor should have adequate knowledge and expertise of piling work,
safety and handling emergency situations.
STANDARD
REVISION
6.1.15 Other agencies, working in the vicinity of the piling work should be made aware of the
piling activity and the associated hazards.
6.1.16 Rescue plan for all possible emergencies shall be prepared in advance and displayed at the
piling site.
6.1.17 A capsule training to be provided at site to all supervisors on emergency preparedness and
rescue operation.
6.1.18 Person required to work in the vicinity of pile bore hole (e.g., lowering of cage in bore
hole, welding and placement of concrete trimme etc.) must have full body harness secured to a
firm structure.
6.1.19 Proper signage for vehicular movement around piling activity should be provided.
6.1.20 A flagman to be placed at all piling locations to direct safe movement of piling rig, hydra
and other road traffic.
6.1.21 All emergency telephone numbers to be displayed at piling site.
6.1.22 For any maintenance or installation work of piling rig or equipment above ground level
safety standard No. SS/ENGG-03 shall be followed.
6.1.23 Following precautions to be taken for filling petrol/diesel / lubricant in mobile drilling
machines, operating Cranes, Rigs, Sheet piling equipment etc.:
6.1.23.1 The area around the place, where filling is done shall be temporarily barricaded by
indicative tapes.
6.1.23.2 No hot work like, welding, gas cutting, grinding shall be carried out in the vicinity of filling
area.
STANDARD
REVISION
6.1.23.3 The nozzle of the dispenser, while being carried towards the equipment and bringing back
shall be put inside a container so that petrol/diesel drops do not fall on the ground.
6.1.23.4 The engine of the equipment which is being filled should be in OFF condition.
6.1.23.5 All hoses & dispensers shall be maintained in good condition.
6.1.23.6 Filling shall be done using a hose made for the purpose & not by direct pouring from a can.
6.1.23.7 The electrical connection to the pumps (with oil tankers) shall be checked daily for any
exposed conductor or loose connection.
6.1.23.8 Use of mobile phone & smoking shall not be allowed in the vicinity of area where filling is
done.
6.1.23.9 A responsible person must supervise the work associated with filling at site.
6.1.23.10 Fire extinguisher shall be necessarily kept at the filling area.
6.1.24 Equipment & Machinery Guarding shall be done as per safety standard SS/ENGG-09.
6.1.25 Piling machine operators should have sufficient experience in working with the type
of machine involved.
6.1.26 All fitting appliances and lifting gear must have certificate of testing.
STANDARD
REVISION
6.1.27 Protection of neighboring structures and underground services:
6.1.27.1 During piling operation, vibration is set up which may cause damage to adjoining structures
or service lines depending on the nature of soil condition and the construction standard of
such structures and service lines. Accordingly, possible extent of all such damages shall be
ascertained in advance by a competent person and operational mode of driving shall be planned
with appropriate measures to ensure safety.
6.1.27.2 Wherever, there are old structures, in the vicinity of site, piling works are to be carried out
after ensuring adequate precaution to prevent any undesirable effect.
6.1.27.3 Measures shall be taken to ensure that there is no appreciable movement of soil mass into
the bore hole which may cause subsidence to any existing foundation in the close proximity. In
wet holes, where such possibilities are likely to be there the same shall be minimized by
approved technique and the operation shall be planned.
7.0 Tripod type piling rig operation:
7.1 There shall be firm level base for pile rig and winch machine.
7.2 The legs of the tripod shall be firmly spiked in the ground and shall be examined frequently
by supervisors as they become unsafe with usage. They shall be replaced, if any physical defects
(splits, cracks, knots etc.) are identified / noticed.
7.3 The pulleys shall be checked frequently by supervisors. Failure of bolt/pins due to shear is very
common in this type of job. All nuts and bolts which are likely to be loosened due to vibration while
piling, shall be checked regularly and tightened.
7.4 Pile drivers shall not be erected in proximity to electric conductors.
7.5 The frame of any rig shall be structurally safe for all anticipated dead, live or wind loads. No
pile driving equipment shall be taken into use until it has been inspected and found to be safe. For
details refer safety standard SS/ENGG-06 on Rigging Equipment.
STANDARD
REVISION
7.6 When the rig is not in use extra precautionary measures for its stability shall be adopted to
prevent any accident due to wind, storm, gales and earthquake.
7.7 Access to the top pulley shall be provided by standard ladders with safety precaution
7.8 Exposed gears, flywheels, belts etc shall be fully enclosed as per the safety standard SS/GEN-
09 on Equipment and Machinery Guarding. Expanded metal or wire mesh of sufficiently small size
(approximately maximum 1/2 inch or 12 mm.) opening shall be used all-around the gear box to
prevent entry of hands and fingers.
7.9 A competent person shall inspect pile driving equipment in use at regular intervals. A register
shall be maintained at site of work for recording the results of such inspection.
7.10 Pulley and other lifting appliances used in hoisting shall be ascertained for safe working
loads. (In case of doubt, actual testing shall be carried out)
7.11 Every hoisting machine and all gears referred to above shall be clearly marked with the safe
working load. In case of a hoisting machine having a variable safe working load, each safe working
load together with the conditions under which it is applicable shall be clearly indicated.
7.12 Where electricity is used as power for piling rig, only armored cable shall be used and the
cable shall be thoroughly waterproof.
7.13 While shifting & erection of winch/tripod by crane/hydra, guy rope shall be provided to
prevent swing of winch/tripod. Workers shall not be engaged in work within the swing area.
7.14 Aligning/Centering of rig shall be carried out after proper anchoring of tripod. While doing
this bailer shall be kept in lying position.
7.15 A l l winches shall be fitted with rachet locking system, to prevent free fall of load.
STANDARD
REVISION
7.16 Boring process in piling operation by tripod rig involves the following activities:
7.16.1 Boring by bailer (for soft strata)
7.16.2 Casing driving by bailer
7.16.3 Boring by chiseling (for hard strata or rock)
7.16.4 Loosening of casing
Note: In all the above activities it shall be ensured that the tripod legs are properly anchored b y
l o c k p i n s w i t h t h e g r o u n d and its physical inspection is done. The long leg shall be
anchored with the base of the winch machine by means of a sling and shall be locked
properly. The wire ropes, tools & tackles are properly tested and inspected physically. Break shoe
& clutch are physically inspected and the bailer & chisel are kept in lying position, when not in
use.
8.0 Rotary piling rig operation:

8.1 The equipment shall be placed on stable, level ground, capable of taking the load of
the equipment.
8.2 The crawler tracks shall be in contact with ground and should not be projecting out
without ground supporting it.
8.3 For taking out and refitting rotary drill, take help of another crane or provide a steel gantry
with monorail.
8.4 For any welding to be done on rotary part, take precautions as given in 'standard no.
SS/ENGG-05', welding and gas cutting.
8.5 Inspection is to be carried out at the start of each shift by a operator who walks around the
equipment looking for defects or problem areas. Components that have a direct bearing on the safety
of the crane and whose status can change from day to day with use, must be inspected daily and
observed during operation for any defect.
STANDARD
REVISION
8.6 All piling boreholes shall be provided with steel casing pipe, which shall be projecting minimum
0.6 m above existing ground level and minimum 5.0 m below existing ground level. Depending
upon soil condition and possibility of collapsing of soil at lower depths, the depth of casing should
be extended beyond 5.0 m.
8.7 Hard framed protective barricade made of MS pipe / angle sections / SHS / RHS of adequate
rigidity with top, middle and bottom rails, at least 1.0m in height shall be placed approx 1m all
around from the outer periphery of the pile bore hole to prevent unintended / unauthorised
trespassing into the bore hole area. Please refer attached sketch No. SK/188932 (Rev.0) for
protective barricade around pile borehole.
8.8 While the piling work is in progress, in the event of soil collapse, which could be seen from the
top or identified by the depth gauge on the monitor screen on piling rig or by other means, as an
immediate precautionary measure, all persons in the vicinity shall be removed and barricade shall be
suitably widened.
8.9 All concerned persons need to be communicated in case of soil collapse and the area shall be
watched by a responsible person, after barricading it.
8.10 Indicative barricade outside swing area of each rotary rig to be provided as per safety standard
SS/ENGG-13.
8.11 Detailed inspection of the equipment shall be carried out as per safety standard no.
SS/ENGG-14 on inspection of mobile crane.
9.0 Concreting: After completion of the borehole, concreting in piling operation will involve the
following activities:
9.1 Cleaning of borehole:
9.1.1 For piling by tripod rig, flushing of borehole done by lowering a water pipeline inside the
borehole and overflowing water for required duration.
9.1.2 For piling by rotary rig, cleaning of borehole done by means of cleaning bucket.
9.2 Lowering reinforcement cage by using winch machine or crane.

STANDARD
REVISION
9.3 Lap joint of rebar cage by welding
9.4 Lowering of tremie & fixing of hopper.
9.5 Concrete pouring.
9.6 Tremie withdrawal.
9.7 Withdrawal of casing pipes.
Note: All the precautionary measures applied during boring process are applicable in concreting
process also. In addition to that precaution to be taken during welding of cages for temporary
wiring & electrical connection.
During washing of bore holes, pit to be made to collect water to prevent water flooding. Lap joint of
two reinforcement cage shall be done by skilled manpower only. It should be ensured that the
alignment & binding joints are done properly and the reinforcement cages should be guided by guy
rope to prevent swing of reinforcement and striking human body.
10.0 Pre-cast pile:
10.1 Pre-cast piles hoisted in the rig shall be so slung that they do not swing around. A hand rope
shall be fastened to a pile that is being hoisted to control its movement. While a pile is being guided
into position, workers shall not put their hands or arms between the pile and the inside guide or on
top of the pile, but shall use a rope for guiding.
10.2 While a pre-cast pile is being hoisted, all workers not engaged in the work shall keep a safe
distance. An indicative barricade to be put around the area, where the pile may accidentally fall.
STANDARD
REVISION
11.0 Conventional method of Sheet Piling by mechanically operated drop hammer & rig:
STANDARD
REVISION
11.1 The sheet piling equipment shall be erected with a crane of adequate capacity and shall move on
firm and level ground.
11.2 The top of the piling tower shall be anchored with nearby rigid structures preferably at an angle
of 450 with horizontal to eliminate toppling of the piling equipment.
11.3 All rigging equipment like steel rope, sling, guy rope used shall be of adequate capacity, tested
& inspected as per safety standard SS/ENGG-06 prior to its use.
11.4 Indicative barricade or protective barricade (in case of work going on beside the road) shall be
provided around the sheet piling area as per safety standard No. SS/ENGG-13.
11.5 The pulleys shall be checked frequently by supervisors. Failure of bolt/pins due to shear is very
common in this type of job. All nuts and bolts which are likely to be loosened due to vibration while
piling, shall be checked regularly and tightened.
11.6 Slow and controlled movement of piling equipment shall be done while shifting of its position
and scotch blocks shall be provided below the roller pipes to restrict its rolling during operating
condition.
11.7 Guy ropes shall be used to restrict swinging of sheets while lifting the same by crane for
positioning and aligning before driving.
11.8 Workers who have to sit on a steel sheet section to interlock sheets shall be provided with a
platform or other devices to afford them a safe seat. Workers shall not stand or sit on sheet
piling while it is being released from the slings, lowered or moved into position.
11.9 Workers handling sheets shall wear hand gloves.

STANDARD
REVISION
11.10 If necessary to prevent danger from displacement by water current, steel sheet sections shall be
braced until they are firmly placed in position. If necessary to prevent danger from undercutting
of the cofferdam by the current a substantial berm shall be installed upstream.
11.11 Adequate pumping facilities shall be available at cofferdams to remove water. Also adequate
means of escape, such as ladders and boats shall be provided at cofferdams for the protection
of workers in case of flooding.
11.12 Adequate life saving equipment shall be available for the workers employed on cofferdams.
11.13 When sheet sections are being removed, their movements shall be controlled by cables or other
effective means.
A photograph of sheet piling

STANDARD
REVISION
12.0 Boring for soil exploration work, rain water harvesting and electrical earthing pit:
12.1 The safety hazards and necessary safety precautions in case of boring work for Soil
exploration work, rain water harvesting and electrical earthing pit by using conventional tripod rig is
almost same as boring for piling work as indicated earlier. Following additional special precautions
to be taken while boring by truck mounted mobile boring / drilling machine:
12.1.1 Adequate safety guards for the equipment as per Safety standard SS/ENGG-09.
12.1.2 Scotch blocks shall be provided in the all wheels resting on the ground.
12.1.3 The out riggers and the wheels of the truck must rest on firm and leveled ground.
12.1.4 Precautions to be taken for filling petrol/diesel / lubricant in mobile drilling machine as
indicated in clause 6.1.23.
A photograph of truck mounted boring machine

STANDARD
REVISION
13.0 Monitoring & Reviewing
Frequency Mechanism Responsibility

Record
Before and During Inspection Inspection Record Piling Contractors
Piling activities
Once in a year Test / examination of all Test Record Piling Contractors

lifting machines / tools
and tackles by competent
person
Week / monthly Inspection Inspection Record Consultant / Contractor
STANDARD
REVISION

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DOC. SAFETY DIVISION STEEL WORKS EFF. DATE 01.03.

AUTH. BY S.N.Ghatak SIGNED DATE 15.02.2011

AUTH. BY S.N.Ghatak SIGNED DATE 15.02.2011

AUTH. BY S.N.Ghatak SIGNED DATE 15.02.2011

6.1.21 All emergency telephone numbers to be displayed at piling site.

AUTH. BY S.N.Ghatak SIGNED DATE 15.02.2011

6.1.23.5 All hoses & dispensers shall be maintained in good condition.

6.1.23.10 Fire extinguisher shall be necessarily kept at the filling area.

AUTH. BY S.N.Ghatak SIGNED DATE 15.02.2011

6.1.27 Protection of neighboring structures and underground services:

7.0 Tripod type piling rig operation:

7.4 Pile drivers shall not be erected in proximity to electric conductors.

AUTH. BY S.N.Ghatak SIGNED DATE 15.02.2011

AUTH. BY S.N.Ghatak SIGNED DATE 15.02.2011

7.16.1 Boring by bailer (for soft strata)

7.16.2 Casing driving by bailer

7.16.3 Boring by chiseling (for hard strata or rock)

7.16.4 Loosening of casing

8.0 Rotary piling rig operation:

AUTH. BY S.N.Ghatak SIGNED DATE 15.02.2011

9.2 Lowering reinforcement cage by using winch machine or crane.

AUTH. BY S.N.Ghatak SIGNED DATE 15.02.2011

9.3 Lap joint of rebar cage by welding

9.4 Lowering of tremie & fixing of hopper.

9.5 Concrete pouring.

9.6 Tremie withdrawal.

9.7 Withdrawal of casing pipes.

10.0 Pre-cast pile:

AUTH. BY S.N.Ghatak SIGNED DATE 15.02.2011

AUTH. BY S.N.Ghatak SIGNED DATE 15.02.2011

11.9 Workers handling sheets shall wear hand gloves.

AUTH. BY S.N.Ghatak SIGNED DATE 15.02.2011

A photograph of sheet piling

AUTH. BY S.N.Ghatak SIGNED DATE 15.02.2011

A photograph of truck mounted boring machine

AUTH. BY S.N.Ghatak SIGNED DATE 15.02.2011

13.0 Monitoring & Reviewing

Frequency Mechanism Responsibility

Once in a year Test / examination of all Test Record Piling Contractors

AUTH. BY S.N.Ghatak SIGNED DATE 15.02.2011

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