Ordinary Differential

Equations (ODE)
PROGRAM STUDI MATEMATIKA
FAKULTAS MATEMATIKA DAN ILMU PENGETAHUAN ALAM
UNIVERSITAS PAKUAN


𝑦 ′′ + 𝑝 𝑥 𝑦 ′ + 𝑞 𝑥 𝑦 = 0
 𝑦1 (𝑥)
𝑦 ′′ + 𝑝 𝑥 𝑦 ′ + 𝑞 𝑥 𝑦 = 0

𝑦2 (𝑥)

−𝑝 𝑥 𝑑𝑥
𝑒
𝑦2 𝑥 = 𝑦1 (𝑥) 𝑑𝑥
𝑦12 (𝑥)
 𝑦 = 𝑣 𝑥 𝑦1 (𝑥) 𝑣

 𝑦′ 𝑦′′
 𝑦 𝑦′ 𝑦′′ 𝑦 ′′ + 𝑝 𝑥 𝑦 ′ + 𝑞 𝑥 𝑦 = 0
𝑣 ′′ + 𝑟 𝑥 𝑣 ′ = 0
 𝑤 = 𝑣′ 𝑣 ′′ + 𝑟 𝑥 𝑣 ′ = 0
𝑤′ + 𝑟 𝑥 𝑤 = 0
𝑤 = 𝑣′
 𝑣′ 𝑣(𝑥)
 𝑦2 = 𝑣 𝑥 𝑦1 (𝑥)
Given that 𝑦1 𝑥 = 𝑒 3𝑥 is a solution of
𝑦 ′′ − 6𝑦 ′ + 9𝑦 = 0 (−∞ < 𝑥 < ∞)
find a second linearly independent solution. From the two linearly
independent solutions, find the general solution.

ANSWER:
A second linearly independent solution is
𝑦2 𝑥 = 𝑥𝑒 3𝑥
which gives the general solution as
𝑦 𝑥 = 𝑐1 𝑒 3𝑥 + 𝑐2 𝑥𝑒 3𝑥
1) Given that 𝑦1 𝑥 = 𝑒 𝑥 is a solution of
𝑥𝑦 ′′ − (2𝑥 + 1)𝑦 ′ + (𝑥 + 1)𝑦 = 0
find a second linearly independent solution. From the
two linearly independent solutions, find the general
solution.
2) Given that 𝑦1 𝑥 = 𝑥 is a solution of
𝑥 2 + 1 𝑦 ′′ − 2𝑥𝑦 ′ + 2𝑦 = 0
find a second linearly independent solution. From the
two linearly independent solutions, find the general
solution.