Water Treatment Operation and Unit Processes

*Introduction

*Waterworks Operations

INTRODUCTION

Water treatment is any process that improves the quality of water to make it appropriate for a
specific end-use. The end use may be drinking, industrial water supply, irrigation, river flow
maintenance, water recreation or many other uses, including being safely returned to the
environment. Water treatment removes contaminants and undesirable components, or
reduces their concentration so that the water becomes fit for its desired end-use.

It includes physical, chemical, and biological processes to remove physical, chemical and
biological contaminants. Its objective is to produce an environmentally safe fluid waste
stream and a solid waste suitable for disposal or reuse.

Why it is needed?

- To kill all pathogenic germs, which are harmful to human health

- To remove the unpleasant and objectionable taste and odours from the water

- To remove dissolved gases , color of water

- To make water fit for domestic, industrial, and commercial uses.

- To remove microorganism and colloidal matters

WATER TREATMENT PROCESS

1. Intake Pipe
2. Protective Bar Screen
3. Travelling Water Screen
4. Low Lift Pump Well
5. Pre Chlorination
6. Coagulation
7. Flocculation
8. Sedimentation Basin
9. Sand Filtration
10. Clear Well
11. Post Chlorination
12. Fluoridation
13. High Lift Pump Well
14. Storage
WATERWORKS OPERATIONS

Waterworks System means a system of pipes and structures through which water is
obtained and distributed, including but not limited to wells and well structures, intakes and
cribs, pumping stations, treatment plants, storage tanks, pipelines and appurtenances, or a
combination thereof, actually used or intended for use for the purpose of furnishing water for
drinking or household purposes.