PRESENT PERFECT - PRESENT PERFECT CONTINUOUS

Hiện tại hoàn thành- Hiện tại hoàn thành tiếp diễn
I. Cấu trúc:
THÌ HIÊN TẠI HOÀN THÀNH
Present Perfect
(+) S + has/have + PII. (+) S + has/have + been + Ving.
(–) S + has/have + not + PII. (–) S + has/have + not + been + Ving.
(?) Has/Have + S + PII? (?) Has/Have + S + been + Ving?
II. Cách sử dụng:
THÌ HIÊN TẠI HOÀN THÀNH
Present Perfect
a/ Một hành động hay hoàn cảnh được bắt đầu trong quá khứ và
tiếp tục diễn ra ở hiện tại và có thể cả trong tương lai:
I have lived in Canada since 1984. (and I still do)
b/ Một hành động đã xong trong quá khứ nhưng có thể nhắc lại ở
hiện tại và tương lai.
She has been to the doctor twice this week. (and the week isn't
over yet)
Nam has visited Hai Phong three times.
c/ Một hành động lặp đi lặp lại trong một khoảng thời gian
không xác định giữa quá khứ và hiện tại.
We have visited London several times.
I have seen this film before
Khác với: I saw this film last Sunday.
d/ Một hành động vừa mới diễn ra. (diễn tả bằng từ 'just')
I have just finished my work.
e/ Một hành động đã hoàn thành trong quá khứ nhưng kết quả
cuả nó vẫn còn lien quan đến hiện tại .
I have opened the window ( It is still open now)
f/ Khi muốn diễn tả làn đầu tiên mình làm gì đó hoặc chưa bao
giờ làm điều gì đó trước đây. Dung với từ “before”
I have never traveled to London before
She has seen that woman before
g/ Nhấn mạnh đến kết quả của hành động
I'm doing English exercises. I have done 3 exercises
I'm waiting for him in front of the station. I have waited for
30 minutes
She started translating this novel last month. She has
finished half of the book.
- Trạng từ (dấu hiệu nhận biết) thường đi kèm các từ : since. for,
already, recently, yet, so far, up to now.....
THÌ HTHTTD
Present Perfect Progressive
THÌ HTHTTD
Present Perfect Progressive
- Nhìn chung, về cơ bản, thì hiện tại
hoàn thành tiếp diễn giống với thì
hiện tại hoàn thành, đều dùng để
diễn tả một hành động bắt đầu diễn
ra trong quá khứ và vẫn còn xảy ra ở
hiện tại. Tuy nhiên, thì hiện tại hoàn
thành tiếp diễn nhấn mạnh thời
gian của hành động (How long),
còn thì hiện tại hoàn thành quan
tâm đến kết quả của hành động.
- Thường dùng với 2 giới từ
“since” hoặc “for”.
I have been learning English since
early morning.(And I'm still doing it
now)
- Các dấu hiệu khác để nhận biết thì
hiện tại hoàn thành tiếp diễn: all
day, all her/his lifetime, all day
long, all the morning/afternoon
Phân biết 2 câu sau
- I have been learning English for 2
hours and I have done 3 exercises

III. PHÂN BIỆT GIỮA HAI THÌ

THÌ HIÊN TẠI HOÀN THÀNH
Present Perfect
Nhấn mạnh đến kết quả của hành động
I've waited for you for half an hour.
THÌ HTHTTD
Present Perfect Progressive
Nhấn mạnh đến sự liên tục của hành động
(Hành động vẫn tiếp diễn ở hiện tại, có khả
năng lan tới tương lai )
I've been waiting for you for half an hour. ( and
now I'm still waiting, hoping that you'll come)

I. Present perfect or present perfect continuous

1. Mary _____________ (rest) in the garden all day because she ________________ (be) ill.
2. He ____________________ (not, be) here since Christmas. I wonder where he ________________ (live)
since then.
3. She ______________ (work) so hard this week that she __________________ (not have) time to go to the
movies.
4. That book _______________ (lie) on the table for weeks. You __________________ (not read) it yet?
5. Tom ______ (never be) in Hanoi.
6. You _____________________ (sleep) so far?
7. I __________________ (ring) the bell for the last twenty minutes.
8. They ____________________ (swim) all the morning.
9. She __________________ (wait) for him all her lifetime.
10. It's the second time he ________________ (lose) his passport.
11. Up to the present, we _______________ (write) almost every lesson in the book.
12. Fred's brother __________________ (just, graduate) from Oxford University.
13. He ___________________ (not/speak) on the phone for half an hour, just a couple of minutes.
14. The dog ___________________ (bark) since midnight.
15. The children ___________________ (be) on holiday for six days.
16. I ___________________ (try) to learn English for years, but I ___________________ (not succeed) yet.
17. She (read) __________________ all the studys of Dickens. How many (you read) __________________?
18. I (wait) __________ here nearly half an hour for my girlfriend; do you think she (forget) __________ to
come ?
19. Although John (study) _______________ at the University for 5 years, he (not get) __________ his degree
yet.
20. Jack (go) ________________ to Switzerland for a holiday. He (never, be) _______________ there.
21. We (live) ___________________ here for the last six months, and (just, decide) ________________ to
move.
22. He (lose) ______________ his books. He (look) _________________ for them all afternoon, but they (not
turn up) _________________yet.
23. She (study) ________________ so hard this week that she (not have) ______________ time to go to the
cinema.
24. Your hair is wet. (You swim) __________________ for a long time ?
25. Bill is still a bad driver although he (drive)__________________ cars for six years.
26. You look very tired. (You study) _________________very hard ?
27. The phone (ring) _________________ for 2 minutes, but I (not answer) _________________ it yet.
II. Put the verbs in brackets in the present perfect or the simple past tense.
1/ We (never watch) __________ that TV programme.
2/ We (watch) __________ a good programme on TV last night.
3/ He (read) __________ that novel many times before.
4/ He (read) __________ that novel again last vacation.
5/ I (have) __________ a little trouble with my car last week.
6/ However, I (have) __________ no trouble with my car since then.
7/ I (not see) __________ John for a long time. I (see) __________ him 3 weeks ago.
8/ The school bell (ring) __________. We must go now.
9/ I (meet) __________ Mary last night. She (become) __________ a very big girl.
10/ He is very thirsty. He (not drink) __________ since this morning.
11/ It is very hot. Summer (come) __________.
12/ They (study) __________ at this school for 7 years now.
13/ They (begin) __________ to study at this school 7 years ago.
14/ Since when (you know) ___________ her ?
15/ How long ago (he start) __________ to learn French ?
16/ She (lose) __________ her handbag on the train yesterday morning.
17/ My mother (be) ______ in hospital for a long time and she cannot go home yet.
 18/ His dog (just run) __________ out of the garden.
19/ Mr Brown (travel) __________ by air several times in the past.
20/ He (travel) ___________ to Mexico by air last summer.
III. Put the verbs in brackets in the present tenses.
1. I (be) __________ sorry I (forget) __________ that fellow’s name already.
2. Jack (look) __________ forward to his vacation next June.
3. I (have) __________ no trouble with my English lessons up to now.
4. Mr. and Mrs. Brown (be) ___________ in New York for 2 months.
5. Michael (study) __________ 38 hours a week.
6. At present, that author (write) ___________ a novel.
7. George (do) __________ good study in this class so far.
8. The weather( generally, get) __________ hot in July .
9. You must wake her up. She (sleep) __________soundly for 10 hours.
10. Listen! I (think) __________ someone (knock) __________ at the front door.
11. How long (you learn) __________ English?
12. That student (know) __________ all the new words very well now.
13. Alice (lose) __________ her Vietnamese-English dictionary.
14. Fred (just, graduate) __________ from Oxford University.
15. The earth (circle) __________ the sun once every 365 days.
16. That grandfather clock (stand) ________ there for as long as I can remember.
17. That brown briefcase (belong) __________ to Dr. Rice.
18. Jim (study) __________ on his report this year.
19. Robert (wait) __________ for you since noon.
20. That museum (stand) ___________ here for centuries.
21. The sun (get) __________ very hot during the afternoon.
22. Tom (buy) ___________ a new car next week.
23. The boys and girls (go) ___________ home after this lesson.
24. Davis (play) __________ football every afternoon.
25. Up to the present, we (write) __________ almost every lesson in this book.
IV. Give the correct forms of the verbs in brackets
1. Sam ______________ (not receive) the parcel the last time I ________________ ( speak) to him.
2. I ____________ (consider) buying a house but now I ______________ (change) my mind.
3. When you _____________ (feel) hungry later, room service ________________ (bring) you whatever you
______________ (want).
4. I ____________ (find) it difficult to convince the ticket inspector that I _____________ (lose) my ticket.
5. Since I ______________ (pay) for our lunch, I _____________(try) to attract the waiter’s attention.
6. As soon as I _____________ (have) a good look at the design, I ______________(send) the, back to you.
7. I _____________ (hope) to meet you ever since I ______________ (read) your first novel.
8. Whatever ______________ (happen), I _____________ (meet) you here in a week’s time.
9. Sally! I ____________ (not expect) to see you here! What __________ you __________ (do) in New York?
10. How long do you want me to heat the oil? _ Heat it until it ___________(begin) to smoke.
11. How long are you going to stay here ? I'm going to stay here till my brother ___________(finish) his exam.
12. When will you start the trip? As soon as we _______________(get) our tickets.
13. I'm learning French. _ Well, when you ______________(speak) French fluently, you may find a good job.
14. By the time you ______________(finish) this book, your meal will get cold.
15. Are you taking English course? _ Yes, and my teacher says when I ______________(finish) five courses,
I'll be able to speak it quite fluently.
16. Is your father at home? _ No, he's away on business. If you have a message for him, I ______________
(give) it to him as soon as he _____________(get) home.
17. Please tell me how to get to the Post Office? Go till you ____________(come ) to a square with a statue in
the middle, the turn left and you ____________(find) it on your right.
18. What did he say before he ____________(leave) for Paris? He said he'd give me a ring as soon as he
_________ (be) sold out.. So, I ____________(have) to go back home.
20. Last night I (go) ________________ to a party. When I (get) _______________, the room (be)
________________ full of people. Some of them (dance) _________________ and others (talk)
________________. One young woman (stand) _________________ by herself. I (never, meet)
________________ her, so I (introduce) _______________ myself to her.
21. Yesterday, I _____________(walk) to school when I _____________(meet) Jim, my old friend. He changed
so much that I ______________(not recognize) him at first. He ____________( tell ) me he ____________
(see) me a few time in this street but he _____________(not be ) sure until I ____________(call) his name.
V. Use the suggested words to make meaningful sentences
1. Trang / the / good / student / our class .________________________________________________________
2. Traveling / train / slower / but / interesting /traveling / plane.
_________________________________________________________________________________________
_
3. Which / most / suitable house / Mr. Lam /and / family ?
_________________________________________________________________________________________
_
4. Uncle / farmer / and / grow / lot / vegetables / his farm.
_________________________________________________________________________________________
_
5. It / difficult / find / a partment / Ho Chi Minh city ?
_________________________________________________________________________________________
_
6. Brazil / most / successful / soccer team / world.
_________________________________________________________________________________________
_
7. Who / the / fat / person / your / group?_________________________________________________________
8. Lesson / this year / long / and / more difficult / those / last year
_________________________________________________________________________________________
_
9. It / easy / find / book / either / author / title._____________________________________________________
10. There / not be / good movies / show / moment.
_________________________________________________________________________________________
_
11. You / going / sell / house / and / move / capital?
_________________________________________________________________________________________
_
12. Eat / and / talk / friends / be / most common ways/ relax / many countries.
_________________________________________________________________________________________
_
13. Linh / not go / school / last Wednesday / because / she / have / bad cold.
_________________________________________________________________________________________
_
14. You / should / eat / too / candies / because / they / not good / your teeth.
_________________________________________________________________________________________
_
15. Last year / brother / work / engineer / printing factory.
_________________________________________________________________________________________
VI. Read the following passages and circle the best answers
COMMUNICATION SKILLS
1. Good communication is the key to being successful and satisfied in many situations: work, personal,
social. At work, communication skills (1)_______ most commonly shown in your (2)______ to use and
understand language, whether spoken or on (3)_______ . you need a good command of language to (4)______
your ideas, opinions, (5)______ feelings across clearly. Listening carefully is (6)_____ important
communication skill, as is the ability and confidence to (7)_______ questions when you need to understand
something or get (8)_______ from someone. (9)______ in a language other than your mother tongue also
counts as a (10)______.
1. A. are B. have C. were D. do
2. A. capacity B. ability C. knowledge D. fluency
3. A. writing B. written C. paper D. letter
4. A. come B. get C. understand D. know
5. A. also B. too C. so D. and
6. A. a B. the C. an D. any
7. A. answer B. put C. ask D. suggest
8. A. things B. information C. knowledge D. explanation
9. A. Competence B. Ability C. Talent D. Use
10. A. understanding B. speaking C. giving D. communication
FILM MUSIC
2. In the (1)_______ days of the cinema, before sound was introduced, silent films were (2)______ by
pianist, or even a small orchestra playing in the cinema itself. One reason (3)______ this was to cover up the
noise of the projector. However, a more important role was to provide (4)______ for what was going on in the
film, and (5)______ the audience through the story. Different kinds of music were (6)______ with different
situations, (7)______ as fights, chases, romantic scene and so on. Music was (8)______ used to identify the
geological location or historical setting of the story. In (9)______, individual characters often had their own
tune, which could also (10) ______ what sort of person they were.
1. A. early B. starting C. beginning D. original
2. A. chased B. pursued C. taken D. accompanied
3. A. on B. about C. for D. of
4. A. support B. description C. suggestion D. comment
5. A. allow B. guide C. follow D. send
6. A. grouped B. joined C. associated D. collected
7. A. if B. for C. such D. so
8. A. too B. also C. additional D. more
9. A. plus B. addition C. all D. total
10. A. see B. point C. put D. indicate
VII. Read the following passage and circle the best answers
1/ USING TIME WISELY
Grover Cleveland was one of the Presidents of the United States. When he was only nine years old, he
wrote down some good advice. Here is his advice, rewritten to make it simpler.
Time is divided into seconds, minutes, hours, days, weeks, months, years. and centuries. If we expect to
come great and good men, we must improve our use of time when we are young. Many of our great men were
poor boys. As boys, these men had small means of obtaining an education. Improving their use of time when
they were young and in school helped them to gain their standing.
Andrew Jackson, for example, was a poor boy. He improved his use of time when he was young. After he
became President of the United States, he was able to guide and direct a growing nation. Many people have said
that time is the most valuable thing we have.
Do you agree? Do you use your time to good advantage? What are some ways you might improve your
use of time?
1. While not stated in the article, you can tell that ______
A. Cleveland wanted to get ahead. B. Jackson was rich.
C. all great men make good use of time in their youth. D. the older we are the more wisely we use our
time.
2. This article as a whole is about _______
 A. Cleveland’s boyhood. B. becoming President.
C. doing good work in school. D. making good use of time.
3. Which of the following is NOT true?
A. Some poor boys become great men B. Andrew Jackson ran for President, but never
won.
C. Jackson was a poor boy. D. Improving our use of time is helpful.
4. Grover Cleveland’s advice was on ______
A. how to use time wisely. B. how to become a President.
C. how to get rich.   D. how to obtain an education when he was young..
 5. The phrase “to good advantage” in the last paragraph can be replaced _____
 A. valuably B. selfishly C. fruitfully D. respectably
2/ BRAVE SAILORS
Several hundred years before the voyages of Columbus, America was visited by men called Vikings.
These brave warriors came from Norway, Sweden, Denmark, and Iceland. Many of them were good sailors and
made long voyages. They learned to make strong boats that could travel long distances over the seas. These
small ships, which usually measured about seventy feet long and sixteen feet -wide, had oars and single sails.
In many countries the Vikings were greatly feared. Sweeping down upon towns and villages, they would
loot and burn them and then would return to their ships. Sometimes, however, the Vikings would settle in a
place and quickly learn the ways of the people.
It is believed that the Vikings established small settlements in North America. These settlements, however,
were so far from their homes that they could not be maintained. Because of this, the visits of the Vikings to the
New World were not considered as important as the visits of later explorers. Even so, we should remember that
these brave men played a part in the discovery of parts of America.
1. While not stated in the article, you can tell that______
A. Vikings invented boats. B. Vikings were sometimes farmers.
C. Vikings were at home at sea. D. Vikings arrived in America after Columbus.
2. This article as a whole is about ______
A. ancient fishermen B. Vikings C. discovering America D. early settlements
3. Which of the following is NOT true?
A. Boats made by the Vikings were too small to travel long distances.
B. The Vikings attacked towns and villages and took away people’s possessions.
C. Vikings’ small settlements in North America did not last long.
D. The Vikings played a certain part in the discovery of parts of America.  
4. Vikings were feared because _______
A. they were brave. B. they attacked and looted towns and villages.
C. they established settlements wherever they arrived. D. they were better at making boats.
5. The visits of the Vikings to the New World were not considered as important as the visits of later explorers
because ______
A. Vikings were never peaceful.
B. they were not brave enough to settle permanently in the New World.
C. their boats were too small.
D. they made no lasting settlements there.

VIII. Find out and then correct one mistake in each line of the passage.

Nam is a student. This year he had a very interested summer 1. ………

holiday. He traveled with him classmates, to a mountainous area 2. ………
in Vinh Phuc province. They gone there to help people make a road 3. ………
through a forest among two villages. “It was very difficult 4. ………
because there had no water to drink and no shops where we 5. ………
could bought food,” said Nam. “ It was very cold and wet 6. ………
in the mountains. It is one of the wetter places in the country.” 7. ………
Nam stayed in the mountains since six weeks. It was a hard work, 8. ………
But he says it was the best thing he has ever did. He hopes to return 9. ………
next year to do any more work there. 10. ………
IX. Circle the words that have different pronuncation
1. . disposal B. exhaust C. themselves D. students
2. A. thought B. bought C. shoulder D. fought
3. A. attend B. device C. ending D. recommend
4. A. riot B. kind C. nice D. military
5. A. beam B. deal C. wealth D. mean
6. A. cut B. but C. full D. shut
7. A. stay B. says C. nation D. face
8. A. careful B. notice C. distance D. succeed
9. A. pour B. noun C. ground D. doubt
10. A. bind B. kind C. find D. win
11. A. choice B. intimacy C. guidance D. prospect
12. A. place B. chase C. phrase D. purchase
13. A. future B. closure C. furniture D. pure
14. A. snow B. slow C. low D. how
15. A. Indian B. precise C. miss D. inside
16. A. supply B. simply C. deny D. reply
17. A. worry B. body C. wholly D. by
18. A. pear B. early C. earn D. yearn
19. A. smoke B. major C. so D. disposal
20. A. cease B. decrease C. release D. deafness
21. A. national B. fat C. bat D. fate
22. A. famous B. compose C. us D. frustrated
23. A. only B. accuracy C. multiply D. busy
24. A. facial B. coming C. special D. artificial

VOCABULARY work as (v): làm việc như là

appearance (n): vẻ bề ngoài accountant (n) : kế tóan
background (n) lai lịch electrician (n) thợ đi ện
experience (n): kinh nghiệm job interview (n) : phỏng vấn xin việc làm
interview (v): phỏng vấn interviewee(n) : ng ười được phỏng vấn
journalist (n): phóng viên interviewer(n) : người phỏng vấn
primary school (n): trường tiểu học stressful (a) : áp lực, căng thẳng
secondary school (n): trường THCS impress (v) on : tạo ấn tượng => impression (n)
champion (n): nhà vô địch sign(n) : biển báo
join (v): gia nhập Marvelous (a) = wonderful: Tuyệt vời
attend (v): tham dự Rude (a) : thô bạo
interest (n): sở thích Formal (a) : trang trọng
pass (v): (thi) đậu informal (a) : thân mật
tourist guide (n): hướng dẫn viên du lịch Polite(a) : lịch sự
telephonist (n): nhân viên điện thoại Absolute (a) hòan tòan
travel agency (n): văn phòng du lịch Kidding (n) : đùa