PRESENT PERFECT - PRESENT PERFECT CONTINUOUS

Hiện tại hoàn thành- Hiện tại hoàn thành tiếp diễn
I. Cấu trúc:
THÌ HIÊN TẠI HOÀN THÀNH THÌ HTHTTD
Present Perfect Present Perfect Progressive
(+) S + has/have + PII. (+) S + has/have + been + Ving.
(–) S + has/have + not + PII. (–) S + has/have + not + been + Ving.
(?) Has/Have + S + PII? (?) Has/Have + S + been + Ving?
II. Cách sử dụng:
THÌ HIÊN TẠI HOÀN THÀNH THÌ HTHTTD
Present Perfect Present Perfect Progressive
a/ Một hành động hay hoàn cảnh được bắt đầu trong quá khứ và tiếp - Nhìn chung, về cơ bản, thì hiện tại
tục diễn ra ở hiện tại và có thể cả trong tương lai: hoàn thành tiếp diễn giống với thì hiện
I have lived in Canada since 1984. (and I still do) tại hoàn thành, đều dùng để diễn tả một
b/ Một hành động đã xong trong quá khứ nhưng có thể nhắc lại ở hiện hành động bắt đầu diễn ra trong quá khứ
tại và tương lai. và vẫn còn xảy ra ở hiện tại. Tuy nhiên,
She has been to the doctor twice this week. (and the week isn't over thì hiện tại hoàn thành tiếp diễn nhấn
yet) mạnh thời gian của hành động (How
Nam has visited Hai Phong three times. long), còn thì hiện tại hoàn thành quan
c/ Một hành động lặp đi lặp lại trong một khoảng thời gian không xác tâm đến kết quả của hành động.
định giữa quá khứ và hiện tại. - Thường dùng với 2 giới từ
We have visited London several times. “since” hoặc “for”.
I have seen this film before I have been learning English since
Khác với: I saw this film last Sunday. early morning.
d/ Một hành động vừa mới diễn ra. (diễn tả bằng từ 'just') - Các dấu hiệu khác để nhận biết thì
I have just finished my work. hiện tại hoàn thành tiếp diễn: all day,
e/ Một hành động đã hoàn thành trong quá khứ nhưng kết quả cuả nó all her/his lifetime, all day long, all
vẫn còn lien quan đến hiện tại . the morning/afternoon
I have opened the window ( It is still open now)
f/ Khi muốn diễn tả làn đầu tiên mình làm gì đó hoặc chưa bao giờ làm
điều gì đó trước đây. Dung với từ “before”
I have never traveled to London before
She has seen that woman before
g/ Nhấn mạnh đến kết quả của hành động
I'm doing English exercises. I have done 3 exercises
I'm waiting for him in front of the station. I have waited for 30
minutes
She started translating this novel last month. She has finished half
of the book.
- Trạng từ (dấu hiệu nhận biết) thường đi kèm các từ : since. for,
already, recently, yet, so far, up to now.....

III. PHÂN BIỆT GIỮA HAI THÌ

THÌ HIÊN TẠI HOÀN THÀNH
Present Perfect
Nhấn mạnh đến kết quả của hành động
I've waited for you for half an hour.
THÌ HTHTTD
Present Perfect Progressive
Nhấn mạnh đến sự liên tục của hành động (Hành
động vẫn tiếp diễn ở hiện tại, có khả năng lan tới
tương lai )
I've been waiting for you for half an hour. ( and now I'm
still waiting, hoping that you'll come)

I. Present perfect or present perfect continuous

1. Mary _____________ (rest) in the garden all day because she ________________ (be) ill.
2. He ____________________ (not, be) here since Christmas. I wonder where he ________________ (live) since then.
3. She ______________ (work) so hard this week that she __________________ (not have) time to go to the movies.
4. That book _______________ (lie) on the table for weeks. You __________________ (not read) it yet?
5. Tom ______ (never be) in Hanoi.
6. You _____________________ (sleep) so far?
7. I __________________ (ring) the bell for the last twenty minutes.
8. They ____________________ (swim) all the morning.
9. She __________________ (wait) for him all her lifetime.
10. It's the second time he ________________ (lose) his passport.
11. Up to the present, we _______________ (write) almost every lesson in the book.
12. Fred's brother __________________ (just, graduate) from Oxford University.
13. He ___________________ (not/speak) on the phone for half an hour, just a couple of minutes.
14. The dog ___________________ (bark) since midnight.
15. The children ___________________ (be) on holiday for six days.
16. I ___________________ (try) to learn English for years, but I ___________________ (not succeed) yet.
17. She (read) __________________ all the studys of Dickens. How many (you read) __________________?
18. I (wait) __________ here nearly half an hour for my girlfriend; do you think she (forget) __________ to come ?
19. Although John (study) _______________ at the University for 5 years, he (not get) __________ his degree yet.
20. Jack (go) ________________ to Switzerland for a holiday. He (never, be) _______________ there.
21. We (live) ___________________ here for the last six months, and (just, decide) ________________ to move.
22. He (lose) ______________ his books. He (look) _________________ for them all afternoon, but they (not turn up)
_________________yet.
23. She (study) ________________ so hard this week that she (not have) ______________ time to go to the cinema.
24. Your hair is wet. (You swim) __________________ for a long time ?
25. Bill is still a bad driver although he (drive)__________________ cars for six years.
26. You look very tired. (You study) _________________very hard ?
27. The phone (ring) _________________ for 2 minutes, but I (not answer) _________________ it yet.
II. Put the verbs in brackets in the present tenses.
1. I (be) __________ sorry I (forget) __________ that fellow’s name already.
2. Jack (look) __________ forward to his vacation next June.
3. I (have) __________ no trouble with my English lessons up to now.
4. Mr. and Mrs. Brown (be) ___________ in New York for 2 months.
5. Michael (study) __________ 38 hours a week.
6. At present, that author (write) ___________ a novel.
7. George (do) __________ good study in this class so far.
8. The weather( generally, get) __________ hot in July .
9. You must wake her up. She (sleep) __________soundly for 10 hours.
10. Listen! I (think) __________ someone (knock) __________ at the front door.
11. How long (you learn) __________ English?
12. That student (know) __________ all the new words very well now.
13. Alice (lose) __________ her Vietnamese-English dictionary.
14. Fred (just, graduate) __________ from Oxford University.
15. The earth (circle) __________ the sun once every 365 days.
16. That grandfather clock (stand) ________ there for as long as I can remember.
17. That brown briefcase (belong) __________ to Dr. Rice.
18. Jim (study) __________ on his report this year.
19. Robert (wait) __________ for you since noon.
20. That museum (stand) ___________ here for centuries.
21. The sun (get) __________ very hot during the afternoon.
22. Tom (buy) ___________ a new car next week.
23. The boys and girls (go) ___________ home after this lesson.
24. Davis (play) __________ football every afternoon.
25. Up to the present, we (write) __________ almost every lesson in this book.
III. Give the correct forms of the verbs in brackets
1. Sam ______________ (not receive) the parcel the last time I ________________ ( speak) to him.
2. I ____________ (consider) buying a house but now I ______________ (change) my mind.
3. When you _____________ (feel) hungry later, room service ________________ (bring) you whatever you
______________ (want).
4. I ____________ (find) it difficult to convince the ticket inspector that I _____________ (lose) my ticket.
5. Since I ______________ (pay) for our lunch, I _____________(try) to attract the waiter’s attention.
6. As soon as I _____________ (have) a good look at the design, I ______________(send) the, back to you.
7. I _____________ (hope) to meet you ever since I ______________ (read) your first novel.
8. Whatever ______________ (happen), I _____________ (meet) you here in a week’s time.
9. Sally! I ____________ (not expect) to see you here! What __________ you __________ (do) in New York?
10. How long do you want me to heat the oil? _ Heat it until it ___________(begin) to smoke.
11. How long are you going to stay here ? I'm going to stay here till my brother ___________(finish) his exam.
12. When will you start the trip? As soon as we _______________(get) our tickets.
13. I'm learning French. _ Well, when you ______________(speak) French fluently, you may find a good job.
14. By the time you ______________(finish) this book, your meal will get cold.
15. Are you taking English course? _ Yes, and my teacher says when I ______________(finish) five courses, I'll be able
to speak it quite fluently.
16. Is your father at home? _ No, he's away on business. If you have a message for him, I ______________ (give) it to
him as soon as he _____________(get) home.
17. Please tell me how to get to the Post Office? Go till you ____________(come ) to a square with a statue in the middle,
the turn left and you ____________(find) it on your right.
18. What did he say before he ____________(leave) for Paris? He said he'd give me a ring as soon as he _________ (be)
sold out.. So, I ____________(have) to go back home.
20. Last night I (go) ________________ to a party. When I (get) _______________, the room (be)
________________ full of people. Some of them (dance) _________________ and others (talk) ________________.
One young woman (stand) _________________ by herself. I (never, meet) ________________ her, so I (introduce)
_______________ myself to her.
21. Yesterday, I _____________(walk) to school when I _____________(meet) Jim, my old friend. He changed so much
that I ______________(not recognize) him at first. He ____________( tell ) me he ____________ (see) me a few time in
this street but he _____________(not be ) sure until I ____________(call) his name.
IV. Complete the following sentences using the prompts below
1. First present/ I / receive/ my best friend /steal / last week//
_________________________________________________________________________________________________
2. She/ only woman/ win / gold medal / this event/ Viet Nam//
_________________________________________________________________________________________________
3. Both /Mary/ her sister /prefer/ play /guitar/ listen/ music/ free time//
_________________________________________________________________________________________________
4. Grandfather/ enjoy/ classify /books / different categories/ and/ put/ them/ shelves//
_________________________________________________________________________________________________
5. If/ I/ not/ eat/ enough/ breakfast/ I / hungry/ class
_________________________________________________________________________________________________
6. Nowadays/ many Vietnamese people/ get/ scholarship/ study/ many developing countries
_________________________________________________________________________________________________
7. The weather forecast/ say/ it/ would/ cold/ but/ it/ warm/ today
_________________________________________________________________________________________________
8. many countries/ pupils/ have/ standup/ when/ teacher/ enter/ class-room
_________________________________________________________________________________________________
V. Error identification

1. The prices of accommodation are as big that many people cannot afford to buy a house.
A B C D
2. He had smoked so a lot of cigarettes that he died of cancer.
A B C D
3. Despite she was in her middle age, she looked very graceful and charming.
A B C D
4. It was so a funny film that I burst out laughing.
A B C D
5. They had to sell their house because of they had been broke.
A B C D
6. They can speak English and use a computer so as to they can easily get a good job.
 A B C D
7. In order that to buy his new car, he had to borrow his friend some money.
A B C D
8. He was tired so that he couldn’t continue his work.
A B C D
9. Those students are trying their best in order that to get the scholarship.
A B C D
10. Sound is carried from the eardrum to the nerves so as to we can hear it.
A B C D
11. Many teachers have devoted all their lives to teaching so teaching is not a well paid job.
A B C D
12. Mai has such many things to do that she has no time to go out.
A B C D
13. Because it was late, so that he tried to type the contract as fast as possible.
A B C D
14. I was such nervous that I didn’t think I would pass the exam.
A B C D
15. My only regret is that I didn’t study English good enough to get a good job.
A B C D
16. The novel was such interesting that I had read it all night.
A B C D
17. Since last Monday, I didn’t meet Mr. Hai, who is our form teacher.
A B C D
18. Whom wrote this novel? – Charles Dickens did.
A B C D
19. New York is the largest city where I have ever visited.
A B C D
20. The time which we will have another discussion should be appointed as soon as possible.
A B C D
21. Do you know the boy whose bicycle was stole last night?
A B C D
22. Mr. Hung, to that we complained, apologized for the mistake.
A B C D
23. The Thames, when I spent my childhood, is always in my mind.
A B C D
24. Dr Xuan, that lives next door, is willing to help poor patients.
A B C D
25. The teacher whom was respected by all his students teaches English.
A B C D
VI. Read the following passages and circle the best answers
COMMUNICATION SKILLS
1. Good communication is the key to being successful and satisfied in many situations: work, personal, social. At
work, communication skills (1)_______ most commonly shown in your (2)______ to use and understand language,
whether spoken or on (3)_______ . you need a good command of language to (4)______ your ideas, opinions, (5)______
feelings across clearly. Listening carefully is (6)_____ important communication skill, as is the ability and confidence to
(7)_______ questions when you need to understand something or get (8)_______ from someone. (9)______ in a language
other than your mother tongue also counts as a (10)______.
1. A. are B. have C. were D. do
2. A. capacity B. ability C. knowledge D. fluency
3. A. writing B. written C. paper D. letter
4. A. come B. get C. understand D. know
5. A. also B. too C. so D. and
6. A. a B. the C. an D. any
7. A. answer B. put C. ask D. suggest
8. A. things B. information C. knowledge D. explanation
9. A. Competence B. Ability C. Talent D. Use
10.A. understanding B. speaking C. giving D. communication
FILM MUSIC
2. In the (1)_______ days of the cinema, before sound was introduced, silent films were (2)______ by pianist, or even
a small orchestra playing in the cinema itself. One reason (3)______ this was to cover up the noise of the projector.
However, a more important role was to provide (4)______ for what was going on in the film, and (5)______ the audience
through the story. Different kinds of music were (6)______ with different situations, (7)______ as fights, chases,
romantic scene and so on. Music was (8)______ used to identify the geological location or historical setting of the story.
In (9)______, individual characters often had their own tune, which could also (10) ______ what sort of person they were.
1. A. early B. starting C. beginning D. original
2. A. chased B. pursued C. taken D. accompanied
3. A. on B. about C. for D. of
4. A. support B. description C. suggestion D. comment
5. A. allow B. guide C. follow D. send
6. A. grouped B. joined C. associated D. collected
7. A. if B. for C. such D. so
8. A. too B. also C. additional D. more
9. A. plus B. addition C. all D. total
10.A. see B. point C. put D. indicate
VII. Read the following passage and circle the best answers
1/ USING TIME WISELY
Grover Cleveland was one of the Presidents of the United States. When he was only nine years old, he wrote down
some good advice. Here is his advice, rewritten to make it simpler.
Time is divided into seconds, minutes, hours, days, weeks, months, years. and centuries. If we expect to come great
and good men, we must improve our use of time when we are young. Many of our great men were poor boys. As boys,
these men had small means of obtaining an education. Improving their use of time when they were young and in school
helped them to gain their standing.
Andrew Jackson, for example, was a poor boy. He improved his use of time when he was young. After he became
President of the United States, he was able to guide and direct a growing nation. Many people have said that time is the
most valuable thing we have.
Do you agree? Do you use your time to good advantage? What are some ways you might improve your use of time?
1. While not stated in the article, you can tell that ______
A. Cleveland wanted to get ahead. B. Jackson was rich.
C. all great men make good use of time in their youth. D. the older we are the more wisely we use our time.
2. This article as a whole is about _______
A. Cleveland’s boyhood. B. becoming President.
C. doing good work in school. D. making good use of time.
3. Which of the following is NOT true?
A. Some poor boys become great men B. Andrew Jackson ran for President, but never won.
C. Jackson was a poor boy. D. Improving our use of time is helpful.
4. Grover Cleveland’s advice was on ______
A. how to use time wisely. B. how to become a President.
C. how to get rich.   D. how to obtain an education when he was young..
 5. The phrase “to good advantage” in the last paragraph can be replaced _____
 A. valuably B. selfishly C. fruitfully D. respectably
2/ BRAVE SAILORS
Several hundred years before the voyages of Columbus, America was visited by men called Vikings. These brave
warriors came from Norway, Sweden, Denmark, and Iceland. Many of them were good sailors and made long voyages.
They learned to make strong boats that could travel long distances over the seas. These small ships, which usually
measured about seventy feet long and sixteen feet -wide, had oars and single sails.
In many countries the Vikings were greatly feared. Sweeping down upon towns and villages, they would loot and
burn them and then would return to their ships. Sometimes, however, the Vikings would settle in a place and quickly
learn the ways of the people.
It is believed that the Vikings established small settlements in North America. These settlements, however, were so
far from their homes that they could not be maintained. Because of this, the visits of the Vikings to the New World were
not considered as important as the visits of later explorers. Even so, we should remember that these brave men played a
part in the discovery of parts of America.
1. While not stated in the article, you can tell that______
A. Vikings invented boats. B. Vikings were sometimes farmers.
C. Vikings were at home at sea. D. Vikings arrived in America after Columbus.
2. This article as a whole is about ______
A. ancient fishermen B. Vikings C. discovering America D. early settlements
3. Which of the following is NOT true?
A. Boats made by the Vikings were too small to travel long distances.
B. The Vikings attacked towns and villages and took away people’s possessions.
C. Vikings’ small settlements in North America did not last long.
D. The Vikings played a certain part in the discovery of parts of America.  
4. Vikings were feared because _______
A. they were brave. B. they attacked and looted towns and villages.
 C. they established settlements wherever they arrived. D. they were better at making boats.
5. The visits of the Vikings to the New World were not considered as important as the visits of later explorers because
______
A. Vikings were never peaceful.
B. they were not brave enough to settle permanently in the New World.
C. their boats were too small.
D. they made no lasting settlements there.
VIII. Rewrite the following sentences
1. I didn’t work hard at school so I didn’t get a good job when I left.
If I _____________________________________________________________________________________
2. They haven’t finished the report yet. -> The report ________________________________________________
3. It is said that the prisoner escaped by climbing over a wall.
The prisoner is said________________________________________________________________________
4. He started playing football when he was five years old.
He has __________________________________________________________________________________
5. “Why don’t you ask your boss for a rise?” He asked me
He advised _______________________________________________________________________________
6. He doesn’t take any exercise so he is unhealthy.
If he ____________________________________________________________________________________
7. I’ll only help you if you promise to try harder. -> Unless ____________________________________________
8. He's the criminal. The police are looking for him.
He is the ________________________________________________________________________________
9. Nobody has used this room for years. -> This room _____________________________________________________
10. I live in the town not far from the capital.
The town which ____________________________________________________________________________________
11. Those children need our help. Their parents are too poor to send them to school.
Those children _____________________________________________________________________________________
IX. Circle the words that have different pronuncation
1. . disposal B. exhaust C. themselves D. students
2. A. thought B. bought C. shoulder D. fought
3. A. attend B. device C. ending D. recommend
4. A. riot B. kind C. nice D. military
5. A. beam B. deal C. wealth D. mean
6. A. cut B. but C. full D. shut
7. A. stay B. says C. nation D. face
8. A. careful B. notice C. distance D. succeed
9. A. pour B. noun C. ground D. doubt
10.A. bind B. kind C. find D. win
11.A. choice B. intimacy C. guidance D. prospect
12.A. place B. chase C. phrase D. purchase
13.A. future B. closure C. furniture D. pure
14.A. snow B. slow C. low D. how
15.A. Indian B. precise C. miss D. inside
16.A. supply B. simply C. deny D. reply
17.A. worry B. body C. wholly D. by
18.A. pear B. early C. earn D. yearn
19.A. smoke B. major C. so D. disposal
20.A. cease B. decrease C. release D. deafness
21.A. national B. fat C. bat D. fate
22.A. famous B. compose C. us D. frustrated
23.A. only B. accuracy C. multiply D. busy
24.A. facial B. coming C. special D. artificial