Activity 1

Name: Denise Joy M. Maraña Score: ___________________

Course/Year/Section: BSN 2-G Date: 09/14/2020

Directions: Answer the following questions concisely.

I:
1. Differentiate the three levels of Moral Dilemma. Site an example.
 INDIVIDUAL DILEMMA- individual interaction of people with situations in their
daily lives. Conflict arises in this level when a person is asked to choose between
two important values for him or her.
Example: If you are in stop go traffic, you need to be somewhere and there are 3
exits on highway your on but aren't sure which one to take that will actually make
up the time you lost.
 ORGANIZATIONAL DILEMMA- this dilemma is faced by organizations, business or
companies in their decision-making processes. At this level the dilemmas that the
organizations' experience usually affects more than one person and they can be part
of the internal group or part of an external stakeholder.
Example: Production of particular type of drugs benefits patience by curing
diseases but it also has some known side effects.
 STRUCTURAL DILEMMA- has an effect on a network of organizations and practical
theoretical paradigms such as health treatment, juvenile policy and immigration.
This a dilemma could affect a group and even a society at large.
Example: Excessive Autonomy Versus Excessive Interdependence

2. Think of at least one personal dilemma that you’ve encountered before and write down the
details.
 The personal dilemma that I’ve encountered before was to exercise daily or not. As a
diabetic person my doctor always say that I should exercise for at least three times a day
but as a lazy person I always choose not to do it. But today I choose to do it because it makes
my body healthier and it decreases my blood sugar level.

3. What is moral dilemma? Cite an example.

 A moral dilemma is where you are forced to choose between two or more choices, and
where you have a legitimate justification to choose and not to choose of choice. In these
circumstances, no matter what choice you make, you still end up losing a certain moral
principle.
 Example: “lifeboat dilemma”, where there are only 10 spaces in the lifeboat, but there are
11 passengers on the sinking ship. A decision must be made as to who will stay behind.

II:
4. Directions: Elaborate the Thomas Beauchamp and James Childress “The Four Principles”, site an
example.

THE FOUR PRINCIPLES DEFINITION EXAMPLE

Requires giving persons The physician giving the patient the

1.Respect for Autonomy independence in their decisions
and actions to the extent to which
they do not harm others or do not
violate others' rights.
Described as an act of
2.Beneficence charity, compassion and kindness
with a strong connotation,
including moral obligation, of
doing good to others. Every
professional has the basic moral
imperative to do right.
To obtain a favorable result
3.Non-maleficence requires non-harming or causing
the least harm possible.
The moral duty to act on the
4.Justice basis of a fair judgment among
competing claims. It is linked, as
such, to justice, right and equality.
information needed to understand the risks
and benefits of a proposed intervention, as well
as the reasonable alternatives (including no
intervention), so that they may make
independent decisions.
Providing pain medication as soon as
possible to an injured patient in the emergency
room.
Avoiding negligent care of a patient.
Among the patients in the group of patients
that they are taking care of. Care must be fairly,
justly, and equitably distributed among a group
of patients.

5. Directions: Differentiate the Four Branches of Ethics and site an example.

 DESCRIPTIVE ETHICS deals with what people actually believe or made to believe to be
right or wrong, and accordingly holds up the human actions acceptable or not acceptable or
punishable under a custom or law.
Example: Different societies have different moral standards.
 NORMATIVE ETHICS deals with “norms” or set of considerations how one should act. Thus,
it’s a study of “ethical action” and sets out the rightness or wrongness of the actions.
Example: The moral decision is that which enhances wellbeing and limits suffering.
 META ETHICS or “analytical ethics” deals with the origin of the ethical concepts
themselves. It does not consider whether an action is good or bad, right or wrong.
Example: “Are there moral truths? What makes something a moral truth? How would we
know moral truths?”
 APPLIED ETHICS deals with the philosophical examination, from a moral standpoint, of
particular issues in private and public life which are matters of moral judgment. This branch
of ethics is most important for professionals in different walks of life including doctors,
teachers, administrators, rulers and so on.
Example: Do we have moral obligations to the environment?