BRITISH STANDARD BS EN

12600:2002
Incorporating
corrigendum
April 2010

Glass in building —
Pendulum test —
Impact test method
and classification for
flat glass

ICS 81.040.20

12&23<,1*:,7+287%6,3(50,66,21(;&(37$63(50,77('%<&23<5,*+7/$:
BS EN 12600:2002

National foreword

This British Standard is the UK implementation of

EN 12600:2002. It partially supersedes BS 6206:1981 which
remains current for the testing and classification of plastics glazing
sheet material until the publication of a corresponding British
Standard.
The UK participation in its preparation was entrusted by Technical
Committee B/520, Glass and glazing in building, to Subcommittee B/520/4,
Properties and glazing methods.
A list of organizations represented on this subcommittee can be
obtained on request to its secretary.
This publication does not purport to include all the necessary
provisions of a contract. Users are responsible for its correct
application.
Compliance with a British Standard cannot confer immunity
from legal obligations.

This British Standard, having Amendments/corrigenda issued since publication

been prepared under the
direction of the Building and
Civil Engineering Sector Policy Date Comments
and Strategy Committee, was
published under the authority
of the Standards Policy and 30 April 2010 Supersession text added
Strategy Committee on
9 January 2003

© BSI 2010

ISBN 978 0 580 70323 2

EUROPEAN STANDARD EN 12600
NORME EUROPÉ ENNE
EUROPÄ ISCHENORM November 2002

ICS 81.040.20; 91.100.99

English version

Glass in building-Pendulum test-Impact test method and

classification for flat glass

Verre dans la construction-Essai au pendule-Méthode Glas im Bauwesen-Pendelschlagversuch-Verfahrenfür

d'essai d'impact et classification du verre plat die Stoßprüfung und die Klassifizierung von Flachglas

This European Standard was approved by CEN on 10 August 2002.

CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this European
Standard the status of a national standard without any alteration. Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references concerning such national
standards may be obtained on application to the Management Centre or to any CEN member.

This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language made by translation
under the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the Management Centre has the same status as the official
versions.

CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Czech Republic, Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, Greece,
Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Portugal, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and United Kingdom.

EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATION

COMITÉ EUROPÉ EN DE NORMALISATION
EUROPÄ ISCHES KOMITEE FÜ R NORMUNG

Management Centre: rue de Stassart, 36 B-1050 Brussels

© 2002CEN Allrights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved Ref.No.EN12600:2002E
worldwide for CEN national Members.
BS EN 12600:2002
EN 12600:2002 (E)

Contents

page
Foreword......................................................................................................................................................................3
Introduction .................................................................................................................................................................4
1 Scope ..............................................................................................................................................................5
2 Normative references ....................................................................................................................................5
3 Terms and definitions....................................................................................................................................5
3.1 asymmetric material ......................................................................................................................................5
3.2 drop height .....................................................................................................................................................5
3.3 masking...........................................................................................................................................................6
3.4 crack-free particle ..........................................................................................................................................6
4 Test requirements..........................................................................................................................................6
5 Test method....................................................................................................................................................6
5.1 Test apparatus................................................................................................................................................6
5.1.1 Description of test apparatus .......................................................................................................................6
5.1.2 Calibration ......................................................................................................................................................8
5.2 Test pieces......................................................................................................................................................8
5.2.1 General............................................................................................................................................................8
5.2.2 Dimensions of the test pieces ......................................................................................................................8
5.2.3 Number of test pieces ...................................................................................................................................8
5.2.4 Preparation of the test pieces.......................................................................................................................8
5.3 Impact test procedure ...................................................................................................................................8
6 Classification..................................................................................................................................................9
6.1 General............................................................................................................................................................9
6.2 Drop height class ...........................................................................................................................................9
6.3 Mode of breakage ........................................................................................................................................10
7 Test report ....................................................................................................................................................11
Annex A(normative) Sphere penetration test........................................................................................................17
A.1 Probe assembly............................................................................................................................................17
A.2 Operation ......................................................................................................................................................17
Annex B(normative) Calibration of the test rig .....................................................................................................19
B.1 Calibration procedure .................................................................................................................................19
B.2 Calibration report .........................................................................................................................................19
B.3 Reference calibration curve........................................................................................................................19
B.4 Calibration frequency ..................................................................................................................................21
Annex C(normative) Terms and definitions of glass types .................................................................................23
C.1 Terms and definitions..................................................................................................................................22
C.1.1 annealed glass (see EN 572-1)....................................................................................................................23
C.1.2 thermally toughened soda lime silicate safety glass (see EN 12150-1) .................................................23
C.1.3 heat strengthened soda lime silicate glass (see EN 1863-1)...................................................................23
C.1.4 chemically strengthened soda lime silicate glass (see EN 12337-1)......................................................23
C.1.5 laminated safety glass (see EN ISO 12543-1)............................................................................................23
C.1.6 wired glass (see EN 572-1)..........................................................................................................................24
C.1.7 polished wired glass (see EN 572-3) ..........................................................................................................24
C.1.8 film backed annealed glass ........................................................................................................................24
Annex D(informative) Example of a test rig ...........................................................................................................25

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 BS EN 12600:2002
EN 12600:2002 (E)

Foreword
This document (EN 12600:2002) has been prepared by Technical Committee CEN/TC 129 "Glass in building", the
secretariat of which is held by IBN/BIN.

This European Standard shall be given the status of a national standard, either by publication of an identical text or
by endorsement, at the latest by May 2003, and conflicting national standards shall be withdrawn at the latest by
May 2003.

In this European Standard the annexes A, B and C are normative and the annex D is informative.

According to the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations, the national standards organizations of the following
countries are bound to implement this European Standard: Austria, Belgium, Czech Republic, Denmark, Finland,
France, Germany, Greece, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Portugal, Spain,
Sweden, Switzerland and the United Kingdom.

3
BS EN 12600:2002
EN 12600:2002 (E)

Introduction
This European Standard is a test method standard, which is intended to classify flat glass products used in
buildings, by performance under impact and by mode of breakage. The classification by drop height corresponds to
graded values of energy transmitted by the impact of a person.

The classification system in this European Standard relates to increasing personal safety by:

- the reduction of cutting and piercing injuries to persons;

- the containment characteristics of the material.

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 BS EN 12600:2002
EN 12600:2002 (E)

1 Scope
This European Standard specifies a pendulum impact test method for single flat panes of glass for use in buildings.
The test is intended to classify flat glass products in three principal classes by performance under impact and by
mode of breakage.

This standard does not specify requirements for applications, nor does it specify requirements for durability.

2 Normative references
This European Standard incorporates by dated or undated reference, provisions from other publications. Normative
references are cited at the appropriate place in the text, and the publications are listed below. For dated
references, subsequent amendments to or revisions of this publication apply to this European Standard only when
incorporated in it by amendment or revision. For undated references the latest edition of the publication referred to
applies (including amendments).

EN 572-1, Glass in building – Basic soda lime silicate glass products – Part 1: Definitions and general physical and
mechanical properties.

EN 572-2, Glass in building -– Basic soda lime silicate glass products – Part 2: Float glass.

EN 572-3, Glass in building -– Basic soda lime silicate glass products – Part 3: Polished wired glass.

EN 1863-1, Glass in building -– Heat strengthened soda lime silicate glass – Part 1: Definition and description.

EN 12150-1:2000, Glass in building -– Thermally toughened soda lime silicate safety glass – Part 1: Definition and
description.

EN 12337-1, Glass in building – Chemically strengthened soda lime silicate glass – Part 1: Definition and
description.

EN ISO 12543-1, Glass in building -– Laminated glass and laminated safety glass -– Part 1: Definitions and
description of component parts (ISO 12543-1:1998).

ISO 48:1994, Rubber, vulcanized or thermoplastic -– Determination of hardness (hardness between 10 IRHD and
100 IRHD).

ISO 2408, Steel wire ropes for general purposes – Characteristics.

ISO 4251-1, Tyres (ply rating marked series) and rims for agricultural tractors and machines – Part 1: Tyre
designation and dimensions, and improved rim contours.

3 Terms and definitions

For the purposes of this European Standard, the following terms and definitions apply.

3.1
asymmetric material
product in which, from both outer surfaces, the sequence of glass panes, plastic glazing sheet material and
interlayer(s) by type, thickness, finish and/or general characteristics is different; or

a monolithic glass pane with differing surface finish, e.g. patterned glass

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BS EN 12600:2002
EN 12600:2002 (E)

3.2
drop height
vertical height from the horizontal centre line of the impactor at the point of release to the horizontal centreline of
the impactor when it is at rest vertically

3.3
masking
temporary protective covering applied to the test piece for ease of transportation.

NOTE This does not include protective edge tapes.

3.4
crack-free particle
particle of toughened glass which does not contain any cracks which run from one edge to another

[EN 12150-1:2000, 8.4]

4 Test requirements
When tested by the method given in clause 5 each test piece shall either not break or shall break as defined in one
of the following ways:

a) numerous cracks appear, but no shear or opening is allowed within the test piece through which a 76 mm
diameter sphere can pass when a maximum force of 25 N is applied (in accordance with annex A).
Additionally, if particles are detached from the test piece up to 3 min after impact, they shall, in total, weigh no
2
more than a mass equivalent to 10 000 mm of the original test piece. The largest single particle shall weigh
2
less than the mass equivalent to 4 400 mm of the original test piece;

b) disintegration occurs and the 10 largest crack-free particles collected within 3 min after impact and weighed,
all together, within 5 min of impact shall weigh no more than the mass equivalent to 6 500 mm² of the original
test piece. The particles shall be selected only from the portion of the original test piece exposed in the test
frame. Only the exposed area of any particle retained in the test frame shall be taken into account in
determining the mass equivalent.

5 Test method

5.1 Test apparatus

5.1.1 Description of test apparatus

5.1.1.1 General

The test apparatus shall comprise:

a stable main frame;

a clamping frame which is fitted onto the main frame and is used to hold the test piece in position for the duration of
the test;

a dual tyre impactor with a suspension device and release mechanism.

5.1.1.2 Main frame (see Figures 1, 2 and 3)

This shall be constructed from welded, or bolted, hot rolled steel channel sections with rounded edges, designed to
present a rigid and flat surface to the sub-frame. The lower cross members shall be securely fixed to a concrete
floor.
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EN 12600:2002 (E)

NOTE Additional support to the frame can be provided, if required, by means of horizontal steel sections fixed to an adjacent
rigid wall (see Figure 2, F2).

The dimensions of the main frame (see Figure 3) shall be:

- internal width: (847 ± 5) mm;

- internal height: (1 910 ± 5) mm

5.1.1.3 Clamping frame (see Figure 4)

Clamping frame, used to hold the test piece in the apparatus, consisting of two rectangular parts which clamp the
test piece along its perimeter. The inner part of the clamping frame is attached to the main frame.

The assembly is held together by a clamping device. The clamping frame shall be suitably rigid to withstand the
pressure exerted by the clamping device.

The dimensions of the clamping frame shall be:

- internal width: (847 ± 5) mm;

- internal height: (1 910 ± 5) mm

Each part of the clamping frame shall be fitted with a strip of rubber. The rubber strips shall be the only element in
contact with the test piece and shall be (20 ± 2) mm wide and (10 ± 1) mm thick and have a hardness of
(60 ± 5) IRHD in accordance with ISO 48.

NOTE It is recommended to use polychloroprene or a similar material.

5.1.1.4 Impactor (see Figures 5 and 6)

Impactor consisting of two pneumatic tyres, Tyre 3.50-R8 4PR 1) in accordance with ISO 4251-1, with round
section and flat longitudinal tread. The tyres shall be fitted to the rims of the wheels that carry two steel weights of
equal mass. The weights shall be dimensioned so that the total mass of the impactor is (50 ± 0,1) kg.

NOTE An example of the impactor, using steel with a density of 7 830 kg/m³, is shown in Figure 5.

5.1.1.5 Suspension system (see Figure 2)

The impactor shall be suspended by means of a steel cable of 5 mm in diameter conforming to ISO 2408, from a
bracket attached above the head of the main frame. The bracket shall be rigid to ensure that the point of
suspension remains stationary during the test and shall be positioned to permit the impactor to strike the centre of
the test piece.

At the highest drop height the angle between the taut suspension cable and the bracket shall not be less than 14°
from the horizontal.

When the impactor is hanging freely, at rest, the distance between the fully inflated tyres and the surface of the test
piece shall not exceed 15 mm and shall not be less than 5 mm (see Figure 2; D) and the centre line of the impactor
shall be within 50 mm radially from the centre of the test piece.

1) Tyre 3.50-R8 4PR manufactured by Vredestein can be used for the pendulum test. It can be obtained from Vredestein BV,
Ingenieur Schiffstraat 370, NL - 7547 RD Enschede, Nederland or Vredestein GmbH, August-Horch-Strasse 7, D - 56070
Koblenz, Deutschland.

The above tyre does not mean that CEN is recommending the use of this particular tyre. Equivalent tyres may be used as long
as it is demonstrated that equivalent results will be obtained.
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EN 12600:2002 (E)

5.1.1.6 Impact release mechanism (see Figure 2)

The impactor release mechanism enables the impactor to be raised and positioned at each of the specified drop
height positions and then to be released so that it swings freely and impacts the test piece. The release cable shall
be connected to the top and bottom ends of the impactor by suitable links so that the raising force is applied at right
angles to the axis of the impactor. The release mechanism shall ensure that the release cable is maintained at the
correct orientation at each of the drop heights.

5.1.2 Calibration

The test apparatus shall be calibrated in accordance with annex B in order to ensure that the energy transferred to
the test piece by the impactor during the test carried out on different apparatus is consistent.

5.2 Test pieces

5.2.1 General

Each test piece shall comprise a single pane of glass product and be representative of the normal production of the
type of product submitted for test.

5.2.2 Dimensions of the test pieces

The test pieces shall have the following dimensions:

- width (876 ± 2) mm;

- height (1 938 ± 2) mm

Results obtained with test pieces of these dimensions are valid for classification purposes of the glass product
whatever the service dimensions.

5.2.3 Number of test pieces

The test shall be carried out at each drop height on four pieces of identical structure and the same nominal
thickness.

If the test pieces are of an asymmetric material, their number shall be doubled unless they are intended solely for
installation in situations where the risk of impact is from one side only.

5.2.4 Preparation of the test pieces

Remove all masking and protection material from the test pieces and condition for a minimum of 12 h at
(20 ± 5) ° C.

5.3 Impact test procedure

5.3.1 Testing shall start at the lowest drop height (see Table 1) and increase up to the drop height appropriate to
the class for which the material is intended (see 6.2).

5.3.2 The test shall be carried out at (20 ± 5) ° C.

5.3.3 Place each test piece in the clamping frame so that its edges are encased in the rubber to a minimum
depth of 10mm. When clamped, the rubber shall be compressed by not more than 20 % of its thickness.

Inflate both impactor tyres to a pressure of (0,35 ± 0,02) MPa. Pressure shall be checked before each drop height.

Raise the impactor to the lowest drop height (see Table 1) and stabilize. At the drop height the suspension cable
shall be taut, and the axis of the impactor and cable shall be in line (see Figure 2).
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EN 12600:2002 (E)

Table 1 — Impact levels

Classification Drop height
mm
3 190

2 450

1 1 200

5.3.4 Release the impactor so that it falls with a pendulum movement and without initial velocity. The direction of
impact on the centre of the test piece shall be normal to the surface. If the impactor strikes the test piece more than
once the test shall be deemed to be invalid.

The weights shall not make contact with the test piece during the impact.

5.3.5 For asymmetric materials that are intended for installation where the risk of impact is from both sides, carry
out the test on both sides.

For asymmetric materials where the required classification is for one face only (see 5.2.3) then only the designated
face shall be tested and this shall be reported in the test report.

5.3.6 Inspect the test piece after impact and note whether:

it remains unbroken; or

it broke in accordance with either the requirements a) or b) of clause 4; or

it broke and failed to conform to the requirements of clause 4.

5.3.7 If any of the initial four test pieces fails to conform to the requirements of clause 4, terminate the procedure.
If all four test pieces either do not break or else break according to the criteria given in clause 4, and it is required to
test the material to a higher impact level, increase the drop height to the next level (see Table 1). Repeat the test
on four more samples of the same material.

NOTE If the material remained unbroken, the same sample(s) may be used.

5.3.8 Report all test results as required by clause 7.

6 Classification

6.1 General

Glazing conforming to this European Standard is classified as follows:

- its performance under the impact test;

- the drop height at which breakage occurred;

- the drop height at which the product passed in accordance with a) of clause 4;

- the drop height at which the product passed in accordance with b) of clause 4;

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EN 12600:2002 (E)

- the mode of breakage of the material if it remains unbroken after the impact test.

6.2 Drop height class

Glazing shall be classified as follows:

Class 3 – material that conforms to the requirements of clause 4 when tested by the method given in clause 5 at a
drop height of 190 mm;

Class 2 - material that conforms to the requirements of clause 4 when tested by the method given in clause 5 at
drop heights of 190 mm and 450 mm;

Class 1 - material that conforms to the requirements of clause 4 when tested by the method given in clause 5 at
drop heights of 190 mm, 450 mm and 1 200 mm.

6.3 Mode of breakage

If all test pieces remain unbroken at the drop height appropriate to its intended drop height class, the mode of
breakage shall be determined as per Annex C. The mode of breakage shall be described as follows:

Type A – numerous cracks appear forming separate fragments with sharp edges, some of which are large;

Type B – numerous cracks appear, but the fragments hold together and do not separate;

Type C – disintegration occurs, leading to a large number of small particles that are relatively harmless.

NOTE The descriptions of the mode of breakage are intended to convey the following information (see annex C).

Type A – mode of breakage typical of annealed glass;

Type B – mode of breakage typical of laminated glass;

Type C – mode of breakage typical of toughened glass.

Performance classification

The performance classification of a glass product shall be given as follows:

α


where

α is the highest drop height class at which the product either did not break or broke in accordance with a) or b)
of clause 4;

 is the mode of breakage;

 is the highest drop height class at which the product either did not break or when broke, broke in accordance
with a) clause.

When a glass product breaks at a drop height of 190 mm and the breakage is not in accordance with a) of clause 4
then the value of 
quoted shall be zero.

EXAMPLES

A set of laminated glass test specimens were impacted with the following results:

Classification 2 (B) 2

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EN 12600:2002 (E)

- at 190 mm: 3 specimens did not break and 1 specimen broke in accordance with a) of clause 4;

- at 450 mm: all 4 specimens broke in accordance with a) of clause 4;

- at 1 200 mm: all 4 specimens broke and failed to comply with b) clause 4.

Classification 1 (C) 3

A set of thermally toughened soda lime silicate glass test specimens were impacted with the following results:

- at 190 mm: all 4 specimens did not break;

- at 450 mm: all 4 specimens broke in accordance with b) of clause 4;

- at 1 200 mm: all 4 specimens broke in accordance with b) of clause 4.

Classification 1 (C) 0

A set of thermally toughened soda lime silicate glass test specimens were impacted with the following results:

- at 190 mm: 2 specimens did not break and 2 specimens broke in accordance with b) of clause 4;

- at 450 mm: all 4 specimens broke in accordance with b) of clause 4;

- at 1 200 mm: all 4 specimens broke in accordance with b) of clause 4.

7 Test report
The test report shall give the following details:

a) type and nominal thickness of glass product;

b) dimensions of test pieces;

c) behaviour at each drop height for each test piece. This shall include whether or not the test piece broke. If the
test piece broke, the mode of breakage shall be stated, and whether or not it was in accordance with the
criteria given in clause 4 and state the particular criteria, i.e. a) or b) of clause 4. If the test piece remained
unbroken, the mode of breakage shall be determined from 6.3;

d) performance classification;

e) date of the last calibration of the test rig according to annex B;

f) in case of applied films, reference should be made as to whether or not the film was clamped in the frame;

g) the name and the address of the testing laboratory;

h) laboratory test identification number to enable test data to be traced;

i) date of test report;

j) name of manufacturer/processor and/or supplier of the test material;

k) declared description of the material tested (including product type, trade name or other means of
identification);

l) in the case of asymmetric materials, the test report shall state the classification of both surfaces unless only
one impact side has been tested (see 5.3.5). In the latter case the classification and the surface which was
impacted shall be reported.
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EN 12600:2002 (E)

Key

1 Main Frame
2 Clamping Frame
3 Impactor
4 Optional Support Member
5 Optional Suspension Device

Figure 1 — Test frame with impactor

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EN 12600:2002 (E)

Key
A Suspension cable
B Traction cable
C Drop height
D Impactor distance from sample
E Cross members
F1 Support member
F2 Optional support member
G Bracket
(5mm ≤ D ≤ 15mm)

Figure 2 — Side elevation of the main frame with the impactor

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EN 12600:2002 (E)

Dimensions in millimetres

Limit deviation: ± 5 mm

Figure 3 — Dimensions of the front elevation of the frame

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EN 12600:2002 (E)

Key

A Clamping frame
B Rubber strips
C Test piece
D Outer part of main frame
E Inner part of main frame

Figure 4 — Example of clamping of the test piece

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EN 12600:2002 (E)

No. Component No. req. Remarks

1 Eye Bolt 2 M20

2 Hexagonal Nut 2 M20

3 Screw Spindle 1 M20 – 45mm

4 Hexagonal Nut 4 M20

5 Collar 4
a
6 Weight 2 See cross-section 6

7 Pneumatic tyre 2 Tyre 3.50-R8 4PR b

8 Rim 2 250 - 8
a
density = 7 830 kg/m³
b
Tyre 3.50-R8 4PR manufactured by Vredestein can be used for the pendulum
test. It can be obtained from Vredestein BV, Ingenieur Schiffstraat 370, NL - 7547
RD Enschede, Nederland or Vredestein GmbH, August-Horch-Strasse 7, D - 56070
Koblenz, Deutschland.
The above tyre does not mean that CEN is recommending the use of this particular
tyre. Equivalent tyres may be used as long as it is demonstrated that equivalent
results will be obtained.

Figure 5 — The impactor

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EN 12600:2002 (E)

Annex A
(normative)

Sphere penetration test

A.1 Probe assembly

The probe assembly shall consist of a sphere of diameter (76 ± 1) mm connected to an arm with a device for
measuring when a maximum force of 25 N has been applied. An example of a probe assembly is shown in
Figure A.1.

A.2 Operation
The probe assembly shall be held so that it is horizontal. It shall then be pushed into any opening formed in the test
piece. The weakest point of resistance shall be selected. A horizontal force shall be applied until:

- a maximum force of 25 N has been achieved without penetration by the sphere. The test piece shall be
deemed to have passed the test; or

- the maximum diameter of the sphere has passed through the plane of the test piece without a force of 25 N
being achieved. The test piece shall be deemed to have failed the test.

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EN 12600:2002 (E)

NOTE 1 The portable force indicator (model PF1-200N) can be obtained from Mecmesin Limited, Unit 30, Lawson Hunt
Industrial Park, Broadbridge Heath, West Sussex RH12 3JR, England.
The above does not mean that CEN is recommending the use of this particular equipment. Equivalent equipment may be used
as long as it is demonstrated that equivalent results will be obtained.

NOTE 2 The 76 mm diameter polypropylene sphere can be obtained from Euromatic Ltd., Clausen House, Perivale Industrial
Park, Horsenden Lane South, Greenford, Middlesex UB6 7QE, England.
The above does not mean that CEN is recommending the use of this particular equipment. Equivalent equipment may be used
as long as it is demonstrated that equivalent results will be obtained.
Figure A.1 — Example of a probe to verify free passage of a 76 mm diameter sphere

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EN 12600:2002 (E)

Annex B
(normative)

Calibration of the test rig

B.1 Calibration procedure

B.1.1 The calibration specimen shall be a 10mm thick pane of thermally toughened soda lime silicate safety glass
according to EN 12150-1 made from soda lime silicate float glass according to EN 572-1 and EN 572-2.

The dimensions of the calibration specimen shall be (876 ± 2) mm by (1 938 ± 2) mm.

Remove all masking and protection material from the calibration specimen and condition it for a minimum of 12 h at
the calibration temperature of (20 ± 5) ° C.

Fix a constantan rosette strain gauge to the centre of the pane in order to measure the horizontal and vertical
micro-deformation. The precision strain gauge shall be of the following type:
• resistance at 24° C 350,0
± 0,5 %;

• length of the grid 3,18 mm;

• width of the grid 4,57 mm.

NOTE Strain gauge used for carrying out the reference calibration test is: CEA-06-125WT-350 manufactured by Micro-
Measurements Division and can be obtained from: Measurements Group INC, P.O. Box 27 777, Raleigh, N.C 27611 or 951
Wendell Boulevard, Wendell, NC 27591, USA or Vishay-Micromesures, 98 - Boulevard Gabriel Péri, BP 51, F-92242 Malakoff
Cedex, France.
The above strain gauge information does not mean that CEN is recommending the use of this particular strain gauge.
Equivalent strain gauges may be used as long as it is demonstrated that equivalent results will be obtained.
B.1.2 Place the calibration specimen in the clamping frame so that the strain gauge is on the opposite side to the
impact. When clamped, the rubber shall be compressed by not less than 5 % and not more than 10 % of the
thickness.

Inflate both tyres to a pressure of (0,35 ± 0,02) MPa.

Raise the impactor to the lowest drop height and stabilize. At the drop height the suspension cable shall be taut,
and the axis of the impactor and cable shall be in line.

B.1.3 Release the impactor, stabilized in the launch position, so that it falls with a pendular movement without initial
velocity. The impact shall occur at the centre of the calibration specimen striking it only once.

Measure and record the horizontal and vertical micro-deformation. Record three measurements per drop height.

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EN 12600:2002 (E)

B.1.4 Repeat the procedure in B.1.3 for each drop height (see Table B.1).

Table B.1 - Drop heights for the calibration test

drop height

mm

200

250

300

450

700

1 200

B.2 Calibration report

The test report shall give the following information:

a) type and nominal thickness of glass;

b) dimensions of the calibration specimen;

c) description of the test rig (material e.g. steel, …; type of clamping i.e. continuous, bolted, …);

d) all measured values per drop height;

e) curves (drop height versus horizontal micro-deformation and drop height versus vertical micro-deformation)
based upon the mean values.

B.3 Reference calibration curve

The curves obtained after the calibration procedure shall be in accordance with the reference calibration curves
within a tolerance of ± 10 % (see Tables B.1 and B.2 and Figures B.1 and B.2) in order to ensure that the energy
transferred to the test piece by the impactor during the test is equivalent to the energy required for the
classification.

Table B.2 - Reference mean peak horizontal micro-strain

Drop height Mean value Mean value Mean value

- 10 % +10 %
200 1 275 1 147 1 402
250 1 418 1 276 1 559
300 1 542 1 388 1 696
450 1 793 1 613 1 972
700 2 063 1 857 2 269
1 200 2 503 2 252 2 753

20
 BS EN 12600:2002
EN 12600:2002 (E)

Table B.3 - Reference mean peak vertical micro-strain

Dropheight Mean value Mean value Mean value

- 10% +10%
200 805 724 885
250 911 820 1 002
300 1 013 912 1 114
450 1 181 1 063 1 299
700 1 389 1 250 1 528
1200 1 742 1 567 1 916

B.4 Calibration frequency

The calibration procedure shall be undertaken every 3 years. However, if a major change e.g. change of structural
components, clamping system, etc., is made to the rig then it shall be recalibrated prior to testing.

Figure B.1 — Reference horizontal micro-strain calibration curve

21
BS EN 12600:2002
EN 12600:2002 (E)

Figure B.2 — Reference vertical micro-strain calibration curve

22
 BS EN 12600:2002
EN 12600:2002 (E)

Annex C
(normative)

Terms and definitions of glass types

C.1 Terms and definitions

For the purposes of this European Standard, the following terms and definitions apply.

C.1.1
annealed glass (see EN 572-1)
glass that has been subjected to controlled cooling to reduce the presence of residual stress in the glass thus
allowing easy cutting. It includes float glass, sheet glass, patterned glass and wired glass and is independent of
the glass composition

NOTE If annealed glass is broken and penetrated the resulting glass edges will be sharp and capable of producing piercing
injuries. Breakage typical of Type A.

C.1.2
thermally toughened soda lime silicate safety glass (see EN 12150-1)
glass within which a permanent surface compressive stress has been induced by a controlled heating and cooling
process in order to give it greatly increased resistance to mechanical and thermal stress and prescribed
fragmentation characteristics

NOTE Thermally toughened glass is difficult to penetrate, but if broken it fragments into small relatively harmless pieces.
Breakage typical of Type C.

C.1.3
heat strengthened soda lime silicate glass (see EN 1863-1)
glass within which a permanent surface compressive stress has been induced by a controlled heating and cooling
process in order to give it increased resistance to mechanical and thermal stress and prescribed fragmentation
characteristics

NOTE When penetrated, heat strengthened glass breaks like annealed glass. Breakage typical of Type A.

C.1.4
chemically strengthened soda lime silicate glass (see EN 12337-1)
glass made by subjecting a soda lime silica glass to an ion exchange process in order to give it increased
resistance to mechanical and thermal stress. The smaller diameter ions in the glass surface and edges are
replaced with larger ones, which results in the glass surface and edges being placed in compression

NOTE When penetrated, chemically strengthened glass breaks like annealed glass. Breakage typical of Type A.

C.1.5
laminated safety glass (see EN ISO 12543-1)
assembly consisting of one sheet of glass with one or more sheets of glass and/or plastics glazing sheet material
joined together with one or more interlayers. In the case of breakage the interlayer(s) serves to retain the glass
fragments, limits the size of opening, offers residual resistance and reduces the risk of cutting and piercing injuries

NOTE Breakage typical of Type B.

23
BS EN 12600:2002
EN 12600:2002 (E)

C.1.6
wired glass (see EN 572-1)
flat translucent, clear or tinted soda lime silicate glass obtained by continuous casting and rolling which has a steel
mesh (welded at all intersections) incorporated into the glass during its manufacturing process. The surfaces may
be either patterned or plain

NOTE When wired glass is broken after impact, it will be held together by the wires. However, if penetrated the edges will be
sharp. Breakage typical of Type B.

C.1.7
polished wired glass (see EN 572-3)
flat translucent, clear or tinted soda lime silicate glass having parallel and polished faces obtained by grinding and
polishing the faces of wired patterned glass

NOTE When wired glass is broken after impact, it will be held together by the wires. However, if penetrated the edges will be
sharp. Breakage typical of Type B.

C.1.8
film backed annealed glass
glass which has a flexible plastics film adhered to one surface

NOTE When broken the film holds together the glass pieces. Breakage typical of Type B.

24
 BS EN 12600:2002
EN 12600:2002 (E)

Annex D
(informative)

Example of a test rig

Figure D.1 — Side elevation of the main frame with the impactor

25
BS EN 12600:2002
EN 12600:2002 (E)

Figure D.2 — Locking mechanism of frame

26
 BS EN 12600:2002
EN 12600:2002 (E)

Figure D.3 — Pivoting mechanism of frame

27
BS EN 12600:2002
EN 12600:2002 (E)

Dimensions in millimetres

Figure D.4 — Component N° 1

28
 BS EN 12600:2002
EN 12600:2002 (E)

Figure D.1 — Detail 1

29
BS EN 12600:2002
EN 12600:2002 (E)

Dimensions in millimetres

Figure D.6 — Components N° 17, 18 and 19

30
 BS EN 12600:2002
EN 12600:2002 (E)

Dimensions in millimetres

Figure D.7 — Component N° 2

31
BS EN 12600:2002
EN 12600:2002 (E)

Dimensions in millimetres

Figure D.8 — Components N° 3 and 4

32
 BS EN 12600:2002
EN 12600:2002 (E)

Dimensions in millimetres

Figure D.9 — Components N° 5 and 6

33
BS EN 12600:2002
EN 12600:2002 (E)

Dimensions in millimetres

Figure D.2 — Components N° 7 and 8

34
 BS EN 12600:2002
EN 12600:2002 (E)

Dimensions in millimetres

Figure D.11 — Components N° 9 and 10

35
BS EN 12600:2002
EN 12600:2002 (E)

Dimensions in millimetres

Figure D.12 — Components N° 11, 12 and 13

36
 BS EN 12600:2002
EN 12600:2002 (E)

Dimensions in millimetres

Figure D.13 — Components N° 14, 15 and 16

37
BS EN 12600:2002
EN 12600:2002 (E)

Figure D.14 — Detail 2

38
 BS EN 12600:2002
EN 12600:2002 (E)

Dimensions in millimetres

Figure D.15 — Components N° 20 and 21

39
BS EN 12600:2002
EN 12600:2002 (E)

Dimensions in millimetres

Figure D.16 — Components N° 22 and 23

40
 BS EN 12600:2002
EN 12600:2002 (E)

Dimensions in millimetres

Figure D.17 — Components N° 24, 25 and 26

41
BS EN
12600:2002
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