1.

Investigation directed to the discovery of some fact by careful

consideration or study of a subject is:

a) Observation;
b) Response;
c) Research;
d) Science;

2. What is the main objective of research?

a) Learning methodology;
b) Modifying the world;
c) Enjoying;
d) Production of new knowledge;

3. What skills do researchers have?

a) Finding information skills;

b) Ability to collect evidence;
c) Critical reading ability;
d) All of the above options;

4. Participatory Action Research implies:

a) Involves two or more participants: Principal and Co-Researcher, who

will work together from the first
phase of the study, until the end of the research project;
b) Collaborative work by the time of completion of the research;
c) Its effectiveness is not dependent on collaborative work and
communications between survey
participants;
d) It practically does not apply to introduce research results in
practice;

5. Two main types of research studies are:

a) Observational and Cohort studies;

b) Cohort and Interventional studies;
c) Observational and Interventional studies;
d) Descriptive and Case-Control studies.

6. Observational studies include:

a) Randomized clinical trial (RCT), Primary prevention, secondary

prevention;
b) Cross-sectional study, Cohort study, Case-Control Study;
c) Cohort study, Primary prevention, secondary prevention;
d) None of the above;

7. Interventional studies are:

a) Randomized clinical trial (RCT), Primary prevention, secondary

prevention;
b) Randomised clinical trial (RCT), Cohort study, Case-Control Study;
c) Cohort study, Primary prevention, secondary prevention;
d) All the above.

8. Clinical trials are performed in:

a) Three phases;
b) Two phases;
c) Four phases;
d) One phase;

9. Decontamination is:

a) Physical or chemical measures of destroying microorganisms, but does

not kill spores;
b) Any process that removes and/or kills microorganisms;
c) Process that kills and / or deletes all classes of microorganisms and
spores;
d) None of the above mentioned;

10. What do the "Replace" principle mean in experimental research

conducted in animals?

a) The way the animals are cared for to help minimize any stress or pain,
by using less invasive
techniques where possible and improving medical care and living
conditions;
b) Where possible, experiments using animals with alternative techniques
such as cell culture,
computer modelling or human volunteers instead of animals;
c) Improving experimental techniques and sharing information with other
researchers so that the
same experiments aren’t being done by many people.
d) All above mentioned;

11. The main types of filter media are employed in laboratories are all
of the following, except?

a) A surface filter;
b) A depth filter;
c) Radiation;
d) All above mentioned;

12. Inhalant Anesthetics are all of the following, except?

a) Isoflurane;
b) Ondansetron;
c) Sevoflurane;
d) None of above mentioned;

13. What is ELISA method?

a) This is the method of Detection and quantitative analysis of

microorganisms (bacteria, viruses).
hormones, oncomarkers, growth factors and etc.
b) A technique to detect the presence of antibodies produced in the blood
of the immunized animals
(serum);
c) A method that allows the separation of the substance according to the
molecular size / mass;
d) A procedure that allows us to determine the composition of the
solution (how many and which
components are made of solution);

14. Types of chromatography are:

a) Gel-filtration;
b) Thin layer chromatography (TLC);
c) Ion-exchange chromatography;
d) All of above mentioned;

15. Select the correct statement related to the arithmetic mean:

a) The arithmetic mean is the sum of all observations divided by the

number of observations;
b) Arithmetic mean is the central and middle value of measurement;
c) Arithmetic mean is the only parameter to determine a central value of
measurement;
d) The arithmetic mean is the multiplication of all observations divided
by the number of observations:

16. Selects the incorrect statement related to the Mode:

a) Mode is the most frequently occurring value among all the observation
in a sample;
b) A certain variable may have more than one mode.
c) Mode is the modal variable;
d) In case of symmetric distribution, there can be a significant
difference between arithmetic mean,
mode and median. the average arithmetic, fashion and median may be a
significant difference;

17. In case of Open-ended Questionnaire:

a) Itis easy to code answers;

b) It is possible to get a wide variety of answers from the respondent;
c) Respondent's answers are limited and may not reveal important,
unexpected responses;
d) Respondent chooses from preselected, mutually exclusive potential
answers (Yes, No, Not sure);

18. Informed consent:

a) Informed consent means participants being told about any risks of

taking part of research
enables patients or healthy volunteers to participate in the study
without having any pressure
b) "Informed consent" prevents the participant from any outcome of the
Surveys: d researcher):
c) ‘Informed Consent form’ is a document which is signed by study
participants (patent and is
d) All the above.

19. In scientific research, confidentiality implies:

a) The data of individuals participating in the study is retained by

names an
interested;
b) The data of individuals participating in the study is retained by
names, store
researcher and is accessible to the government structures,
c) Protecting the identity of those who agree to take part in research;
keeping data separate code that is only accessible to the researchers;
d) None of the statement is true;

20. Is the following statement true or false - before registering a

patent, an invention must be proven t
not obvious, and useful.

a) False;
b) True;

21. What is Good Clinical Practice (GCP)?

a) An international ethical and scientific quality standard that ensures

human participant protection and
data credibility;
b) A standard for designing, conducting, recording and reporting research
involving human subjects;
c) All of the above options;
d) None of the above options;

22. After signing up an informed consent, patients and healthy

volunteers:

a) Only healthy volunteers undergo screening tests;

b) Only patients undergo screening tests;
c) Patients and healthy volunteers undergo different screening tests;
d) None of the above options;

23. What does anonymity mean?

a) the researchers do not collect named data at all;

b) The identity of the participant is protected:
c) Keeping names and data separated by using a code that is only
accessible to the researchers:
d) All of the above options:

24. What is project management?

a) The discipline of acting and saving the resources for a better

understanding a problem;
b) The discipline of getting the results and using the national
guidelines
c) The discipline of planning, organizing, securing and managing
resources to bring about the successful
completion of specific project objectives;
d) All of the above options;

25. Aims and Objectives must be:

a) Clear and specific;

b) Measurable and achievable;
c) Realistic and time-bound:
d) All of the above options;

26. Primary data is:

a) Aggregated data;
b) Collected especially for the study;
c) Overall data;
d) Disaggregated data;

27. Elsevier includes journals such as:

a) The Lancer and Cell, the ScienceDirect collection of electronic

journals;
b) The Trends and Current Opinion series of journals;
c) The online citation database Scopus and the ClinicalKey solution for
clinicians;
d) All of the above options;

28. Medscape is:

a) A web resource for physicians and other health professionals;

b) An evidence-based. physician-authored clinical decision-making support
resource which clinicians
trust to make the right point-of-care decisions;
c) A free database accessing primarily the MEDLINE database of references
and abstracts on life sciences
and biomedical topics;
d) All of the above options;

29. Impact Factor (IF) is:

a) Reliable, integrated, multidisciplinary information from the global

research community;
b) A measure reflecting the average number of citations to recent
articles published in the journal:
c) A citation index originally produced by the Institute for Scientific
Information (ISI) and created by
Eugene Garfield;
d) All of the above options:

30. Statistics is the field that is related to:

a) Collection and organizing of data;
b) Summarization and analysis of data;
c) Drawing of inferences about a body of data when only a part of the
data is observed:
d) All of the above options:

31. What are commonly used to measure of location?

a) Mean;
b) Median;
c) Mode;
d) All of the above options:

32. What is Mode?

a) Most frequently occurring value among all the observation in a sample;

b) The middle value of the series of measurement;
c) One the measures for location and is the sum of all observations
divided by the number of
observations;
d) All of the above Options:

33. Types of Graphs:

a) The-dot graph;
b) Histogram:
c) A pie graph;
d) All of the above options:

34. Roles of Corresponding Author(s), except?

a) Decides the other authors:

b) Submits the article;
c) Comments the article;
d) Handles all communications with journal editor;

35. The main facets of oral presentation, except?

a) Author’s name.
b) Content;
c) Design;
d) Delivery;

36. What are the advantages of poster to oral presentations?

a) Scheduled in less space;

b) More research can be presented in the same amount of time;
c) Do not require numerous meeting rooms and visual projection equipment;
d) All of the above options;

37. What are the logical pieces of the proposal, except?

a) Abstract;
b) Results;
c) Specific aims;
d) Introduction;

38. The entire proposal is:

a) Expansion of the abstract;

b) Expected outcome;
c) Significance/impact;
d) All of the above options;

39. Copyright is exclusive right on intellectual property.

a) True;
b) False;
c) All of the above;
d) None of the above;

40. The use of generic or chemical names for products is usually

a) Is obligatory in the text and preferred in titles and summaries;

b) Preferred in the text and obligatory in titles and summaries;
c) Not recommended at all:
d) All of the above;

1. Search or investigation directed to the discovery of some fact by

careful consideration or study of a subject is;

a) Science;
b) Ability;
c) Character;
d) Research;

2. An assumption or concession made for the sake of argument; an

interpretation of a practical
situation or condition taken as the ground for action is:

a) Research;
b) Study issue;
c) Hypothesis;
d) Theoretical view;

3. The result of the research should provide:

a) Research and study findings are not based on existing knowledge and
experience;
b) The results of the research should be organized non-systematically and
subjectively:
c) When drawing conclusions prejudice, bias and subjectivity are
permissible;
d) The opportunity to: understand, explain, predict and control real
phenomena;

4. Hypothesis:
a) 1s a scientific assumption;
b) Does not require a verification;
c) Formation of Hypothesis does not require observations;
d) Is not important for the development of science;

5. In case of close-ended Questionnaire:

a) Respondent’s answers reveal important, unexpected responses;

b) It is possible to get a variety of answers from the respondent;
c) It is not easy to group and analyze the answers;
d) To get a variety of answers from the respondent is limited;

6. Types of Research Studies are:

a) Observational studies;
b) Interventional studies;
c) Qualitative and Quantitative studies;
d) All the above;

7. Interventional studies are all, except:

a) Randomized Control Trial RCT (clinical trial);

b) Secondary prevention;
c) Primary prevention;
d) Cross-sectional (survey) study;

8. Observational studies are all, except:

a) Cross-sectional (survey) study;

b) Cohort study;
c) Clinical trial;
d) Case-control study;

9. Antimicrobial drug:

a) Substance that inhibits the growth and development of microorganisms,

but does not necessarily kill
them;
b) Physical or chemical measures of destroying microorganisms, but does
not kill spores;
c) Kills microorganisms or inhibits its growth and reproduction;
d) Substance that enhances the growth and development of microorganisms,
but does not necessarily kill
them;

10. Which statement is correct:

a) There is no need to be a very clear scientific reason for research on

animals to be considered;
b) Humans and animals always react in the same way to a drug;
c) It is cheap to use model organisms as the animals must be purchased
and then fed, housed and
cared for;
d) The use of animals in the lab has dramatically improved scientists’
understanding of human
biology and health;

11. Ways to Prevent Pipetting Errors:

a) Cleaning and checking pipette daily;

b) Service a pipette every six months;
c) Using the appropriate pipette;
d) All above mentioned;

12. What is Filtration?

a) Various mechanical, physical or biological operations that separate

solids from fluids (liquids or gases)
by adding a medium through which only the fluid can pass;
b) Various physical and chemical manipulations, which allow for the
production of solid particles;
c) Various biological and chemical manipulations that allow liquid mixing
with solid particles;
d) All of above mentioned;

13. Subcutaneous injections are made:

a) Into the posterior quadrant of the abdomen;

b) Into the scruff of the neck;
c) In the front of the thigh;
d) All of above mentioned;

14. Which statements is not correct for Thin-layer chromatography (TLC)

is?

a) A method that allows the separation of the substance according to the

molecular size / mass;
b) Is useful for separating organic compounds;
c) A procedure that allows us to determine the composition of the
solution (how many and which
components are made of solution);
d) None of above mentioned;

15. The first 3 phases of clinical studies are:

a) Preliminary;
b) Post-marketing;
c) Premarketing;
d) None of the above is correct;

16. What does placebo-control mean?

a) Patients of the control group take placebo, which contains active

substance;
b) It is different from study drug depends on the form, color, taste,
odor of the skin;
c) Patients of the control group receive a placebo, which does not
contain active substance;
d) All of the above mentioned are permissible;

17. What is double-blind fashion?

a) Neither the patient nor the assessing investigator is aware of the

type of treatment;
b) The patient is aware of the type of treatment:
c) The assessing investigator is aware of the type of treatment;
d) The patient and the assessing investigator are aware of the type of
treatment;

18. Comparison with “Golden Standard” means:

a) When examining drug is compared to unknown drug which is not approved

for treatment;
b) When examining drug is compared to existing, approved, or widely
accepted drug:
c) Both answers are true;
d) None of the answer is true;

19. What are the characteristics of a research project?

a) Series/blocks of activities;
b) Working in the teams;
c) The integration of different perspectives and skills;
d) All of the above options;

20. In science unethical is:

a) Falsification of own data;

b) Plagiarism;
c) None of the above:
d) All the above;

21. Researcher is responsible for ethical decisions:

a) From formulation through to the dissemination of research;

b) Only at the beginning of the research;
c) At the end of the research;
d) Is not always responsible, depending on the type of research;

22. A consent form is signed by:

a) Only researcher;
b) Study participant;
c) Researcher, as well as study participant (healthy volunteer or
patient);
d) Head of the ethical committee;

23. The possible financial compensation to participants implies:

a) High risk experiments, compensation could not force the participants
to participate in the study;
b) High risk experiments, compensation seems to have no ethical conflict;
c) Involvement of participants in the study without financial
compensation is unethical;
d) Low risk experiments, compensation seems to have no ethical conflict
and it is commonly used;

24. The main aim of the EU Directive - “protection of animals used for
scientific purposes” is to adopt the
following principles:

a) To replace;
b) To reduce;
c) To replace, reduce and refine;
d) To replace and reduce;

25. The indicator of scientific Journal ranking is:

a) Impact Factor;
b) H-index;
c) Citation index;
d) All the above;

26. During the Process of scientific

a) Citation is not necessary when using a data from another source;

b) Follow ethical principles;
c) It is not necessary for all the authors to have the same role in given
study;
d) It is acceptable if data is not fully transmitted or not true;

27. Types of plagiarism are all, except:

a) Partial Plagiarism;
b) Paraphrasing;
c) self-plagiarism;
d) Template;

28. The names of medicines (drugs) are all, except:

a) Generic name;
b) Non-patent name;
c) Commercial (trade) names;
d) Chemical name;

29. Legal issues implies all, except:

A) Ideas;
b) Patents;
c) Public property;
d) Copyright;

30. Biological and Medical Science uses:

a) Only descriptive statistics;
b) Only Inferential statistic; They use both Descriptive and Inferential Statistics
c) Biostatistics;
d) None of the above;

31. Types of scale are all, except:

a) Proportional; The Ratio Scale also exists

b) Nominal;
c) Ordinal;
d) Interval;

32. Selects the correct statement related to the Median:

a) Median is the sum of all observations divided by the number of

observations;
b) When n is odd: the median is (n—-1):2;
c) When n is even number: the median is (n/2-1);
d) Median is the central and middle value of the series of measurements;

33. Types of data are all, excepts:

a) Nominal data;
b) Non-interval data;
c) Variable data;
d) Categorical Data;

34. Types of Graphs:

a) Histogram;
b) Pictogram;
c) Diagram,
d) All the above;

35. A paraphrase is:

a) A restatement in your own words of someone else's ideas;

b) Recognizing of the other’s intellectual property by using the relevant
quotes;
c) Wrongful appropriation of another author's intellectual property and
the representation of them as
one's own original work;
d) None of the above;

36. The abstract of scientific Paper represents:

a) Conclusions and result obtained from the scientific work, which are
provided for those groups who
have already read the work;
b) Provides detail descriptions of methodology which is one of the most
important components of
abstract;
c) Scientific Hypothesis which requires verification;
d) A brief version of the work for those people who may not read the full
article; abstract follow by a
cover sheet of the document;

37. Which statement applies to copyright:

a) Copyright can be granted on any material product created by humans and

by nature;
b) Copyright is the right of exclusive ownership by an author of the
benefits resulting from the creation
of his or her work. It gives authors control over how the work is
reproduced and disseminated;
c) Copyright is the right of non-exclusive ownership by an author of the
benefits resulting from the
creation of his or her work. It gives authors control over how the work
is reproduced and
disseminated,
d) Copyright is the right of exclusive ownership by an author of the
benefits resulting from the creation
of others work. It gives authors control over how the work of others is
reproduced and disseminated,

38. Abstract should be:

a) Stand alone;
b) Clear, concise, usually a word limit (250-400 words);
c) Covering ALL key elements of the proposal in the order proposed;
d) All of the above options;

39. What is review process?

a) It’s a competition;
b) Your proposal will be judged against others;
c) All of the above options;
d) None of the above options;

40. When you publish your paper in a journal, copyright is generally

transferred to

a) Owner;
c) Publisher;
c) Reader;
d) All of the Above;

1. Investigation directed to the discovery of some fact by careful

consideration or study of a subject is:

a) Research;
b) Observation;
c) Science;
d) Response;

2. Proposal describes:
a) Research background, including relevant literature;
b) The research question;
c) Methods;
d) All the above;

3. Data collection methods include:

a) Postal questionnaire;
b) Field notes;
c) Interviews;
d) All the above;

4. Research Methodology:

a) Selection of research method does not imply the survey participants

and measurement parameters,
b) Describes the ways of testing hypothesis;
c) Research method does not represent the most specific and reasonable
approach for a given research;
d) Research method is common for any research in the field of science;

5. Participatory action research researcher:

a) Can be a collaborator and/or co-researcher at the same time and need

to be trained in both qualitative
and quantitative research methods;
b) Does not need to acknowledge the skills and knowledge of the
practitioners and it is possible for
him/her not to have a collaborative work experience;
c) Cannot be a collaborator and/or co-researcher at the same time;
d) Is getting familiar with the quantitative and qualitative research
methods during the research process;

6. Observational studies are:

a) Cross-sectional (survey) study;

b) Cohort study;
c) Case-control study;
d) All the above;

7. Cohort:

a) Is a group of people who are selected by the certain characteristic:

b) Cohort study is a longitudinal and mainly prospective;
c) Retrospective Cohort Study also exists;
d) All the above;

8. Which research does not include in observational studies?

a) Cohort studies;
b) Case-control studies:
c) Quantitative;
d) Cross-sectional (survey);
9. Antiseptic is:

a) Process that kills and / or deletes all classes of microorganisms and

spores:
b) Physical or chemical measures of destroying microorganism
c) Substance that inhibits the growth and development of microorganisms,
bur does not necessarily kill them;
d) All of above mentioned;

10. Which statement is correct:

a) The use of animals in research is essential for enabling researchers

to develop new drugs
treatments;
b) It is not expensive to use model organisms as the animals must be
purchased and then fed, housed
and cared for;
c) Far more animals are used in scientific research than are killed for
humans to eat;
d) All above mentioned;

11. Strong Bases are washed in the following way:

a) Rinse thoroughly with tap water to remove the base, then rinse 3-4
times with deionized water before
putting the glassware away;
b) Under the fume hood, carefully rinse the glassware with copious
volumes of tap water. Rinse 3-4
times with deionized water, then put the glassware away;
c) Rinse 2-3 times with ethanol or acetone, rinse 3-4 times with
deionized water, then put the glassware
away;
d) All of above mentioned;

12. Intramuscular injections are made:

a) Into the quadriceps muscle groups on the anterior of the thigh;

b) Into the posterior quadrant of the abdomen;
c) Into the scruff of the neck;
d) All of above mentioned;

13. Which statement is NOT correct for Thin-layer chromatography (TLC)

is?

a) Is useful for separating organic compounds;

b) A method that allows the separation of the substance according to the
molecular size / mass;
c) A procedure that allows us to determine the composition of the
solution (how many and which
components are made of solution);
d) None of above mentioned;

14. What is DOT method?

a) A technique to detect the presence of antibodies produced in the blood
of the immunized animals
(serum);
b) A method that allows the separation of the substance according to the
molecular size / mass:
c) A procedure that allows us to determine the composition of the
solution (how many and which
components are made of solution);
d) Method helps to determine serum titer and specificity and the only way
to determine the different
types of viruses;

15. Procedures of finding scientific information’s:

a) Definition of research topic;

b) Selection of database;
c) Adding filters;
d) All the above;

16. The researcher's scientific potential indicator is:

a) H -index;
b) Impact factor (IF);
c) Citation index;
d) All the above;

17. The indicator of scientific publication ranking is:

a) H -index;
b) Citation index;
c) Impact Factor;
d) Number of publications where this article is cited in a given journal
within 3 years;

18. Types of Scientific Journal Submissions are all, except:

a) Editorial;
b) Original Research;
c) Review Article;
d) Grey Literature;

19. Patent:

a) Is any invention;
b) Protects the ideas as they are put into practice as manufacture,
processes and composition of important
projects which must be registered;
c) Is any innovation;
d) Is public property.

20. Select the incorrect statement related to data:

a) Data can be constant or variable;

b) Categorical data is data obtained by grouping data in categories;
c) Types of Categorical data: Nominal, ordinal and interval;
d) Categorical data is constant;

21. What type of questionnaire s do we use in science?

a) There is only one type of questionnaire, that asks the respondent to

choose from preselected, mutually
exclusive potential answers;
b) There are two types of questionnaires: open-ended and close-ended;
c) There is only one type - ‘open-ended’ questionnaire, that enables
obtaining answers in the responder's
own words and can have a various answer;
d) There are three types of questionnaires: open-ended, close-ended and
mixed;

22. Procedures of finding scientific information’s are:

a) Design, Hypothesis formation, study findings, motivation, results;

b) Definition of research topic, selection of database, Hypothesis
formation, Hypothesis analysis, selection
of the best results;
c) Establishment of research objectives, hypothesis formation, design of
the study population, conclusion;
d) Definition of research topic, selection of database, adding filters,
analysis of obtained results and
selection of the best results;

23. Impact factor (IF) is calculated by:

a) Based on the number of citations one researcher has received in others

publications:
b) Based on the number of publications, where the given article is cited;
c) IF=A/B, where A is total number of articles published in a given
journal; B is the number of times
the journal received citations during a certain period of time;
d) IF=A/B, where A is the number of times that articles was published in
a given journal and received
citation for a certain period of time; B is the total number of ‘citable
items' published by that
journal;

24. Plagiarism is:

a) Copying words or ideas from someone else and giving information about
the source (author).
b) Recognizing of the other's intellectual property by using the relevant
quotes;
c) Wrongful appropriation of another author's intellectual property and
the representation of them as
one's own original work.
d) Copying another author's intellectual property and phrases and giving
information about the source
(author);
25. What is the difference between Copyright Infringement and plagiarism?

a) Copyright infringement is a construct of the law; plagiarism is a

construct of ethics;
b) Copyright infringement is defined as the taking the original work and
plagiarism is defined as the
violation the rights of copyright holders;
c) All of the above options;
d) None of the above options;

26. Any proposal relating to human participants may involve:

a) Physical intervention;
b) Psychological intervention;
c) Observation;
d) All are correct;

27. The important issue of ethics is anonymity, which means:

a) Informed person's consent;

b) Researcher cannot identify which respondent gave the data;
c) Collecting data without identification markers by the researcher;
d) The researcher's advantage over the results of the study in compared
with its moral side;

28. Falsification is

a) Making up data or results;

b) Appropriation of another person’s ideas, processes, results, or words
without giving appropriate credit;
c)Manipulating, changing or omitting data or results such that the
research is not accurately represented
d) All from above mentioned are correct;

29. Which are involved in project management team?

a) Project manager;
b) Medical/technical, personnel;
c) Data management/ statistician;
d) All from above;

30. EMBASE is:

a) Developed and presented by Thomson Reuters;

b) One of the services of the National Library of Medicine;
c) International Biomedical Database of Elsevier;
d) Full texts database from journals of nursing science;

31. The h-index (Hirsch index) is:

a) Quote index;
b) The total number of works;
c) The researcher's ability to evaluate scientific productivity,
sensitivity and influence;
d) The number of scientific journal ratings;

32. Project management involves team lead by the

a) Manager;
b) Medical/technical Personnel;
c) Data management/ Statisticians:
d) Logistics:

33. Copyright holder rights include:

a) The right to publicly display or perform the work:

b) The right to create derivative works based upon it;
c) The right to distribute copies of the work to the public:
d) All of the above;

34. Copyrights does not protect intellectual Property

a) False;
b) True;
c) None of the Above;
d) All of the above;

35. What are the Steps to prepare for grant writing?

a) Understanding grant agencies;

b) Finding a gran opportunity;
c) Matching Project to funding Opportunity;
d) All of the above options;

36. What is review Process?

a) It’s a competition:
b) Your proposal will be judged against others;
c) All of the above options;
d) None of the above options;

37. What is typically required in cover form?

a) Name;
b) Institution;
c) Contact information;
d) All of the above options;

38. What is the importance of the title, except?

a) It is the first impression of the clarity and substance of your

scientific writing;
b) To identify reviewers;
c) It sets the expectations of the reviewer;
d) To identify the author’s aim;

39. How to avoid common mistakes, except?

a) Cite the relevant work of others;
b) Include up-to-date citations:
c) Do not use charts, figures, and tables;
d) Provide a detailed plan;

40. Types of journal submissions:

a) Original research;
b) Reviews;
c) Editorial:
d) All of the above options: