CIVWARE

Lecture Topic on
Flood Routing

Department of Civil Engineering

De La Salle University
Term 1 2020-2021
Routing
 Q
Flow Routing
◼ Procedure to t
determine the
flow hydrograph Q
at a point on a
watershed from
a known t
hydrograph
upstream Q
◼ As the
hydrograph
travels, it t
 attenuates
Q
 gets delayed

t
5
Why route flows?

◼ Account for changes in flow hydrograph as a flood wave

passes downstream
◼ This helps in
◼ Accounting for storages
◼ Studying the attenuation of flood peaks

6
Types of flow routing

◼ Lumped/hydrologic
 Flow is calculated as a function of time alone
at a particular location
 Governed by continuity equation and
flow/storage relationship
◼ Distributed/hydraulic
 Flow is calculated as a function of space and
time throughout the system
 Governed by continuity and momentum
equations

7
Hydrologic Routing
Hydrologic Routing
Problem Exercise 1
Solution Guide
 Discharge I (t ) Discharge
Inflow
Transfer Q (t )
Function
Outflow

I (t ) = Inflow Q(t ) = Outflow

Upstream hydrograph Downstream hydrograph

Input, output, and storage are related by continuity equation:

dS
= I (t ) − Q (t ) Q and S are unknown
dt
Storage can be expressed as a function of I(t) or Q(t) or both
dI dQ
S = f (I , ,  , Q, , )
dt dt
For a linear reservoir, S=kQ
28
 Hydrologic river routing (Muskingum Method)
Wedge storage in reach

Advancing I
S Prism = KQ Flood
Q
Wave
S Wedge = KX ( I − Q) I>Q
I −Q
K = travel time of peak through the reach
X = weight on inflow versus outflow (0 ≤ X ≤ 0.5) Q Q
X = 0 ➔ Reservoir, storage depends on outflow,
no wedge
X = 0.0 - 0.3 ➔ Natural stream
I Q
S = KQ + KX ( I − Q)
Receding
Flood
S = K [ XI + (1 − X )Q] Wave Q−I
Q>I
I I
 Muskingum Method (Cont.)
S = K [ XI + (1 − X )Q]

S j +1 − S j = K {[ XI j +1 + (1 − X )Q j +1 ] − [ XI j + (1 − X )Q j ]}

Recall:
I j +1 + I j Q j +1 + Q j
S j +1 − S j = t − t
2 2

t − 2 KX
Combine: C1 =
2 K (1 − X ) + t
Q j +1 = C1I j +1 + C2 I j + C3Q j
t + 2 KX
C2 =
2 K (1 − X ) + t
2 K (1 − X ) − t
C3 =
2 K (1 − X ) + t

If I(t), K and X are known, Q(t) can be calculated using above

30
equations
 Problem Exercise 2

𝐾
𝐶ℎ𝑜𝑖𝑐𝑒 𝑜𝑓 ∆𝑡; ≤ ∆𝑡 ≤ 𝐾; 13.33 ≤ ∆𝑡 ≤ 40; 𝑐ℎ𝑜𝑜𝑠𝑒 ∆𝑡 = 30𝑚𝑖𝑛
3
Compute for C1, C2 and C3
Where K = 40min, X =0.2 and t=30
C1 = 0.149 t − 2 KX
C1 =
2 K (1 − X ) + t
C2 = 0.489 t + 2 KX
C2 =
2 K (1 − X ) + t
C3 = 0.362
2 K (1 − X ) − t
C3 =
2 K (1 − X ) + t

Verify that C1 + C2 + C3 = 1.0 = 0.149+ 0.489+0.362

Q j +1 = C1I j +1 + C2 I j + C3Q j
Problem Exercise 3
Hydraulic Routing
Muskingum - Example
Period Inflow
◼ Given: (hr) (cfs)
1 93
 Inflow hydrograph 2 137

K = 2.3 hr, X = 0.15, t = 1

3 208
 4 320
hour, Initial Q = 85 cfs 5 442
6 546
◼ Find: 7 630
 Outflow hydrograph using 8 678
9 691
Muskingum routing method 10 675
11 634
t − 2 KX 1 − 2 * 2.3 * 0.15
C1 = = = 0.0631 12 571
2 K (1 − X ) + t 2 * 2.3(1 − 0.15) + 1 13
14
477
390
t + 2 KX 1 + 2 * 2.3 * 0.15 15 329
C2 = = = 0.3442 16 247
2 K (1 − X ) + t 2 * 2.3(1 − 0.15) + 1 17 184
18 134
2 K (1 − X ) − t 2 * 2.3 * (1 − 0.15) − 1 19 108
C3 = = = 0.5927
2 K (1 − X ) + t 2 * 2.3(1 − 0.15) + 1
20 90

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 Muskingum – Example (Cont.)

Q j +1 = C1I j +1 + C2 I j + C3Q j
Period Inflow C1Ij+1 C2Ij C3Qj Outflow
(hr) (cfs) (cfs)

C1 = 0.0631, C2 = 0.3442, C3 = 1
2
93
137
0
9
0
32
0
50
85
91
3 208 13 47 54 114
0.5927 4
5
320
442
20
28
72
110
68
95
159
233
6 546 34 152 138 324
7 630 40 188 192 420
800 8 678 43 217 249 509
9 691 44 233 301 578
700 10 675 43 238 343 623
11 634 40 232 369 642
12 571 36 218 380 635
600 13 477 30 197 376 603
14 390 25 164 357 546
Discharge (cfs)

500 15 329 21 134 324 479

16 247 16 113 284 413
17 184 12 85 245 341
400
18 134 8 63 202 274
19 108 7 46 162 215
300 20 90 6 37 128 170

200

100

0
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20
Time (hr)

45
Practice Problem Exercise

◼ Route the inflow hydrograph tabulated in

the following table through a river reach for
which x=0.2 and K=2 days. Use a routing
period t=1 day and assume that the
inflow equals outflow for the first day.
Time (day) Inflow (cfs) Time (day) Inflow (cfs)
1 4000 11 20000
2 7000 12 17000
3 11000 13 14000
4 17000 14 11000
5 22000 15 8000
6 27000 16 5000
7 30000 17 4000
8 28000 18 4000
9 25000 19 4000
10 23000 20 4000
Hydraulic Routing