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SCENIC ELEVATORS

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Rack & Pinion Lifts

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Dumbwaiter Lift

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Paternoster Lifts

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Scissors Lift

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Elevator Construction

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Escalator
Construction
Details

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Spiral Escalators

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What Are Most Common Elevator Defects?
1. Defective doors. Most modern elevator doors have built-in door sensors and open at a
slow pace to prevent injuries. However, sometimes these door sensors can fail to detect
a person or a limb. Some of the most serious elevator injuries occur when extremities
become trapped in doors – especially when the elevator is already moving.
2. Free falls. Because elevators weigh thousands of pounds and operate on complex pulley
systems, it’s all too easy for those systems to become overburdened, particularly if they
weren’t set up correctly in the first place. A snapped wire or faulty elevator track can
send the entire car into a free fall, putting passengers at serious risk of injury and death.
3. Unbalanced leveling. In buildings that predate the 1960s, elevator braking systems tend
to wear down more frequently. This can lead to unbalanced leveling, meaning that the
elevator stops either a few feet above or below the intended floor level. Seniors and
children are particularly vulnerable to trip-and-fall risks with this form of elevator
defect.
4. Speed malfunctions. If any of the counterweights, control systems, or braking systems
in an elevator aren’t working correctly, the elevator may move too fast, crushing
onboarding passengers in the process. It can also cause injuries inside the elevator car
when passengers are thrown against each other or the interior wall fixtures. 33
ELEVATOR ACCIDENTS

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Five (5) ways to avoid elevator accidents in
buildings:
1. Stay vigilant. Keeping a building’s elevator system in good working order takes
constant vigilance. The building superintendent can be the first line of defense in
keeping an elevator running smoothly. When visiting buildings that you manage;
ask the staff about problems or complaints regarding the elevator service. A
good staff person will keep a log of response calls and problems.
2. Dust free. If there is dust on the elevator equipment in the machine room, that is
a sign that the equipment is not being well-maintained. A good elevator
maintenance company will check the equipment regularly and keep everything
clean and dust free. If you are noticing signs of neglect, give the Service
Provider a call for better service.
3. Elevator should be level at all times. Mis-leveling is a sign that the brakes are
worn. This is when the elevator always stops a little above or below the floor,
rather than precisely at the floor. If you see mis-leveling occurring in your
elevators, you must report this immediately. 35
5 ways to avoid elevator accidents:
4. Be patient. If you are in an elevator and it has not stopped normally, do not try
and crawl out of the cab. Wait for a qualified help to arrive before you attempt
to leave the elevator. Push the alarm button and wait for someone to respond to
you.
5. Do not rush into an elevator with closing doors. One of the most common
elevator accidents happen when people think, no matter what, the elevator
door will not close on a person. While this is true in most cases, it is possible that
elevator doors can cause serious injury. It is always best to wait for the next
elevator when you are approaching an elevator with doors that are closing.
Modern elevators are very safe. If an elevator’s decent reaches a certain speed, an
independent powered speed governor trips a safety switch that activates the
elevators brake on the hoisting machine. If the elevator continues to accelerate,
the governor causes safety clamps to grip the guide rails, bringing the elevator to a
smooth and safe stop. Other devices prevent elevators from moving with open
doors, or doors from opening when an elevator has not reached a landing.
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Escalator Accidents

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Construction Lift Accidents

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Elevator Codes of Philippines (Pls check for updates.)
1. In apartments or residential condominiums of 5 storeys or more, at least one
passenger elevator shall be kept on 24-hour constant service.
2. No elevator passenger or freight shall be installed and/or operated in any place
of employment in the Phils. without a written permit issued for the purpose by
the Regional Labor Office or authorized representative having jurisdiction.
3. An elevator’s price ranges from Php1.3M to 5.0M where there are many factors
to determine where in that range the cost will fall.
4. PD1096 National Building Code of the Philippines
5. Labor Code of Philippines, Rule 1220 Elevators and Related Equipment
6. RA 9514 Fire Code of the Philippines BFP, Section 10.2.7.5 Elevator and
Escalators (1 elevator for healthcare occupancies 2 storeys or higher)
7. BP 344 The Accessibility Law
8. BP 220 Socialized and Economic Housing (1 elevator for 6 storeys or higher)
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Handling Capacity
Waiting Time = Round Trip Time / No. of Elevators

Where: RTT is average time required by each lift in taking one full load of
passenger from ground floor discharging them at various floors and coming back to
ground floor for next trip, including entry, door opening / closing, stopping, etc.

Example: Determine number of lifts required

Given Gross Area per Floor = 1,100 sqm.; Net Usable Area = 950 sqm.
No. of Landings including Ground Floor = 15
Population density at 9.5 / sqm.

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Solution
Probable population in 14 upper floors = p = 14 x 950 / 9.5 = 1,400 passengers
Capacity of lift as 20 passengers with 2.5 m/sec
RTT = 1,400 x 2.5 / 20 = 175 sec.
Ave. no. of passengers in car at 80%, Q = 20 x 0.8 = 16

a) Assume no. of lifts at 4, Waiting Interval in seconds T = RTT / No. Lift = 175 / 4 =
43.75 sec, say 44 secs.
Handling capacity as percentage of peak population during 5 min period H =
300 x Q x 100 / T x P = 300 x 16 x 100 / 44 x 100 = 8.3%

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Solution
b) Assume no. of lifts at 6, Waiting Interval in seconds T = RTT / No. Lift = 175 / 6 =
29.16 sec, say 30 secs.
Handling capacity as percentage of peak population during 5 min period H =
300 x Q x 100 / T x P = 300 x 16 x 100 / 30 x 100 = 11.43%

No. of Lifts required = 1400 / 20 = 7

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Inspection of Elevators

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Maintenance of Elevators
Only authorized personnel approved by appropriate Engineering Department
/ government agency may service elevators.
Routine repairs include:
1. Lubrication of wire rope and guide rails
2. Checking of levels of machine pits
3. Greasing of motor
4. Cleaning of equipment
5. Adjustment of electrical circuits, landing gate locks and car gate switches
6. Inspection of hoist switches
7. Painting of all structural steel members
8. All permits and circuit diagrams must be displayed prominently.
9. Service and Inspection Logbook must be updated regularly.

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 Elevator & Escalator YouTube Videos
How does an Electric Motor work? (DC Motor)
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=CWulQ1ZSE3c
How does an Escalator work?
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1jfNIBtfWDY&list=RDCMUCbsfyGlrjrKQC0gbzK0-EiA&index=2
How Elevator Works
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=StJ2oWVwFdo
Why the World's Fastest Elevator Exists
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=f_6d1CkOgXc&list=RDCMUCuCkxoKLYO_EQ2GeFtbM_bw&star
t_radio=1&t=2
An Elevator That Actually Goes Sideways
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=kdTsbFS4xmI
Why Movies Are Wrong About Elevator Free Falls - Cheddar Explains
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=KupaWKnQ9bM
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 Elevator & Escalator YouTube Videos
ELEVATOR ACCIDENTS ... and how they happen
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=16SPZTHrciY
What's a Paternoster Lift?
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=cTspoOpLgfc
10 MOST SHOCKING Elevator Accidents in History |
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=bmyGtpS8qrg
Shocking Escalator Accidents
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Pq-CIEptTX8

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