Laboratory: Building Transportation System

Objectives

i. To determine the operation system of elevator

ii. To determine the uses of elevator
iii. To determine the safety precaution of using elevator

Abstract

Elevators or lift (U.K) is a device for vertical transportation of goods or passengers to

different levels of building and towers. Early device is called hoist. It is still used in
building construction and mines. Famous manufacturers are OTIS from Elisha Otis,
SIEMENS from Werner Von Siemens, HITACHI, MITSUBISHI, GEC and lately LG.
(Jalilluddin, Manual ECM book, ECM 216).

There are two types of elevator that is electric lift (rope elevator) and oil hydraulic
elevator. Basically, components of elevator are car that is space or box that carried
people or goods inside it. It has shaft – a pathway for the car. In shaft there is a guide
and counter weight. The guide is important so that the car won’t shake while moving.
Counter weight is for the balancing with the motor. Other than that there is pit – for
place to stop, control panel that situated in the car, indicator that is outside the lift –
state where the position or levels of the car at that time, lift door, control speed, and
brake - in case of if the rope is .

Elevator is installed if the building is high more than 4 storey. The speed of elevators is
varied to the height or number of level of a building. Building with the range of 4-5
storeys will have the speed of 0.5 m/s and building with the range of 6-7 storeys will
have the speed of 1.2 – 1.5 m/s and 8 storeys above will have speed of 2.5 m/s. the
higher or the more level of a building the higher the speed.

Equipment

Elevator/lift trainer

Procedure

1. The explanations from the technician are listened and the elevator trainer is
observed.
2. The components of the elevator are observed.
3. After listen briefly to the explanations from the technician, the elevator is move
and demonstrated. Each particular component is observed.
4. How the elevator works and the safety precaution needed is determined.
5. All particular components of elevator that mentioned are recorded.
Data and analysis

1. There are two types of elevator that is rope elevator and hydraulic elevator.
Elevator components are car, shaft, pit, car door, guides, and counter weight,
landing door, control panel, indicator, PLC (control speed) and brake. Every lift
will have motor room or machine room. Elevator is used for transporting goods or
people to another level in a building. There is also elevator for fire bomba. It is
much bigger than typical elevator as it is used for emergency. It also has different
speed.
2. The safety precaution of using elevator are do not land on the door. This is
because it can lead to danger as the door will open suddenly. Other than that, do
not hold the door of the lift by bare hands because this can hurt the hand.

Results

1. The lift car moves in a special constructed vertical chamber within a building. The
lift car is driven up and down along guide rails by a drive machine which is
connected to an electric motor. The direction in which the lift car moves is
controlled by a drive controller. The car controller determines the direction of the
car movement according to the position of the car. When the lift car arrives at a
floor where a stop is required, the sensing circuits will inform the drive controller
to stop the car there. After the lift car is stopped, the car door and the landing
door will open together automatically. One lift car can transport up to about 20
passengers from one floor to another floor at one time. They are suitable for
high-rise buildings.
2. The safety precaution of using elevator are do not land on the door. This is
because it can lead to danger as the door will open suddenly. Other than that, do
not hold the door of the lift by bare hands because this can hurt the hand.

Discussion

The elevator initially mechanical with manually operated for speed, timing, and calling
but nowadays electronically automated. High speed lifts are used for tower and sky-
scrappers. It consists of a lift car in a vertical chamber or shaft guided by vertical rails.
When button is pressed, lift is called, door opens. Electronically switches ‘ON’, close
door, motor turns drum around where cable is wound. For safety, hydraulic brakes are
situated at the bottom and called.

The elevator trainer in laboratory is much similar as real elevator in building as it carried
the same operation. The elevator also has it advantages and disadvantages. It will
become disadvantage when a fire occurs because it dangerous and heavy risk of
maintenance. The advantage of lift is it efficient and can be programmed for certain
situation depending upon demand by human traffics.
Conclusion

The objective is achieved. Elevator consists of a lift car in a vertical chamber or shaft
guided by vertical rails. When button is pressed, lift is called, door opens. Electronically
switches ‘ON’, close door, motor turns drum around where cable is wound. For safety,
hydraulic brakes are situated at the bottom and called.

References

1. Building Services and Equipment F. Hall, Longman/Pearson

2. Manual Book ECM 216, Building Services Jalilluddin Hanafiah.
3. Building services Engineering / David V. Chadderton.