New

No. 9
Central College
Ave, New of
Era
Era, Engineeri
Quezon
ng and
Univ
City, 1107
Metro
Architectu
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ersit
Manila
y

BUILDING
UTILITIES 2

Assignment no.06

3AR-1

Submitted by:
GAMUEDA, JOHN RANIEL A.

SEPTEMBER 2023
Car or Cab: The elevator car is the enclosed space in which passengers or cargo are

transported. It is responsible for moving between floors and has several important

components within it.

Counterweight: A counterweight is used to balance the weight of the elevator car and

its occupants. It is typically located in a shaft adjacent to the elevator car and moves in

the opposite direction to the car to maintain balance.

Guide Rails: Guide rails are vertical or inclined rails that run along the elevator shaft,

helping to keep the elevator car and counterweight aligned and moving smoothly. They

ensure the car's safe and precise movement.

Elevator Hoistway: The hoistway is the shaft in which the elevator car, counterweight,

and guide rails travel. It provides the structural framework for the entire elevator system.

Motor and Drive System: The motor and drive system provide the power needed to

move the elevator car. Modern elevators often use electric motors, which can be of

various types (e.g., geared, gearless, or machine-roomless), to drive the elevator's

movement.

Control System: The control system manages the operation of the elevator, including

starting and stopping the car, responding to passenger requests, and ensuring the

safety of the passengers and the equipment. It includes various safety features such as

limit switches, emergency brakes, and safety circuits.

Doors: Elevators have two sets of doors: the car doors and the hoistway doors. Car

doors allow passengers to enter and exit the elevator car, while hoistway doors provide

access to the elevator shaft for maintenance and emergency purposes.

Safety Devices: Elevators are equipped with several safety devices to ensure the well-

being of passengers. These include emergency brakes, overload sensors, and various

interlocks to prevent unsafe conditions.

Buttons and Control Panel: Inside the elevator car, there is a control panel with

buttons that passengers use to select their desired floor. There is also an emergency

communication system for passengers to use in case of an emergency.

Intercom and Emergency System: Elevators are equipped with intercom systems or

phones that allow passengers to communicate with building security or emergency

services in case of an emergency or entrapment.

Sensors: Various sensors are used to detect the position of the elevator car, ensure

doors are closed before moving, and prevent collisions or obstructions in the elevator

shaft.

Lighting and Ventilation: Elevators are typically equipped with lighting and ventilation

systems to provide a comfortable and safe environment for passengers.

PART II
Step: The steps are the individual moving surfaces on the escalator that passengers

stand on. They move in a continuous loop, transporting passengers between different

floors.

Handrails: Escalators have handrails on both sides that run parallel to the moving

steps. Passengers hold onto these handrails for stability and support while riding the

escalator.

Balustrade: The balustrade is the vertical enclosure or barrier that surrounds the

escalator, ensuring passengers' safety by preventing them from accidentally stepping

off the sides.

Drive System: The drive system includes the motor and gears responsible for driving

the movement of the escalator steps. It controls the speed and direction of the steps.

Truss: The truss is the structural framework that supports the escalator. It is typically

located beneath the steps and runs the entire length of the escalator.

Skirt Panels: Skirt panels cover the sides of the escalator to protect against debris and

to prevent passengers from coming into contact with the moving parts beneath the

steps.

Comb Plate: The comb plate is located at the bottom and top of the escalator and helps

guide the steps into alignment with the floor, allowing passengers to step on and off

safely.
Sensors and Safety Devices: Escalators are equipped with various sensors and safety

devices, such as motion detectors, emergency stop buttons, and overload sensors, to

ensure passenger safety.

Control System: The control system manages the operation of the escalator, including

starting, stopping, and maintaining a constant speed. It also monitors safety features

and responds to any anomalies or emergencies.

Emergency Stop Buttons: In case of an emergency, passengers or operators can

press the emergency stop buttons to halt the escalator's movement immediately.

Emergency Shutdown: There is a main emergency shutdown switch that can be used

by maintenance personnel or authorized individuals to completely power down the

escalator for maintenance or repair.

Directional Indicator: Many escalators have a directional indicator at the entrance or

above to show the direction in which the escalator is moving (up or down).

Lubrication System: Escalators require regular maintenance and lubrication of moving

parts to ensure smooth and efficient operation.