BUILDING SERVICES III

( QSM 605 )

ELEVATOR/LIFT
GROUP MEMBERS :
 
 HASNI BINTI MAT IDRIS 2009488646
 NURAZIEAN BINTI ISMAIL 2009609092
 NUR AININA BINTI MOHD ALI 2009686544
 NUR SYAZWANI BINTI MADZI 2009853364
 AMIRA BINTI MOHD HUSSAIN 2009622704
 MOHAMAD AZIZI BIN MERSAL 2009481662
 HASLINDA BINTI ABDUL KADIR 2009489746
 KU MOHD ASYRAF BIN KU AZIR 2009436062
 MOHAMAD ZAKARIA BIN SIDEK 2009252802
 NURUL FADZILAHWATI BINTI MAHZALAN 2009698566
 NURUL TASHIDA BINTI MOHAMMAD TASRIF 2009823792

PREPARED FOR :

CIK NUR HIDAYAH BINTI IDRIS

 As a moving platform or cage for carrying
passengers or freight from one level to another,
as in a building.
 The elevator as a platform or an enclosure raised
and lowered in vertical shaft to transport people
or freight.
 The most popular elevator design is the roped
elevator. In roped elevators, the car is raised and
lowered by traction steel ropes rather than pushed
from below
 It used electric motor to moved it.
 Electric Lift which is function with a motor that
powered by electric that hoisted the lift car up
and down
 In other hand the hydraulic lift works with lift a
car using a hydraulic ram, a fluid-driven piston
mounted inside a cylinder.
 It goes up and down by using the fluid driven
system.
LIFT ELECTRIC LIFT HYDRAULIC LIFT
COMPONENT
LIFT ELECTRIC LIFT HYDRAULIC LIFT
COMPONE
NT

1) Lift Car To carry passenger. Travel by To carry passenger. Travel by

track, and hoisted to the lift hydraulic ram on bottom of the lift car
motor.
LIFT ELECTRIC LIFT HYDRAULIC LIFT
COMPONENT

2) Buffer To absorb the impact from the lift No buffer for the hydraulic lift ,
car, act as a safety device, its this due to the movement of the
located at the bottom of the lift car by the hydraulic ram .
shaft
LIFT ELECTRIC LIFT HYDRAULIC LIFT
COMPONENT

3) Lift door There are sliding door, 2 side Same

opening doors. This for
internal lift door.

4) Landing door Landing door is provided at Same

each level. It is to provide as a
safety to cover opening at each
level.
LIFT ELECTRIC LIFT
COMPONENT
5) Lift motor The machine room is located at
room the above the lift shaft as this
position reduce the length of
the ropes and increase the
efficiency. The room must be
proper ventilated and well
ventilated
HYDRAULIC LIFT
The machine room is located at the
bottom or side the lift shaft as this
position reduce the length. There a
few type of the operational for the
hydraulic lift
1)Direct acting
2)Side direct acting
3)Direct side acting
4)Indirect acting.
LIFT ELECTRIC LIFT HYDRAULIC LIFT
COMPONENT
6)Guard rail Guide rail is built by using a Same.
T- shape metal, the
function is to guide the lift car
and the counterweight form
out from the track and drive it
to the vertical movement.

7) Brake This is fixed at the lift car and Same.

motor room. The brake is to
allow the car stop, slowing,
and preventing form the lift
car crash.
LIFT ELECTRIC LIFT HYDRAULIC LIFT
COMPONEN
T

8) Counter The counter weight is made by No counter weight

weight the metal that connected to the lift
car, this to balancing the car lift
when travelling
LIFT ELECTRIC LIFT HYDRAULIC LIFT
COMPONENT

9) Ram No Ram Allow the fluid to be pump up through

the cylinder. The ram will push up the
lift car and allow the car to travel
level by level.
 At the first steps the passengers must press the
level button
 The door open when the car stop at the required
level
 Then the passenger push the button at the
required level .
 Then the system will received the instruction
and then send the respond to the system to works
the electric motor system
 It will process the information, than it will gives
feed back to move to which floor required
 Electric motor will spin the Sheave that will pull
the cable
 Counter weight act as balance weight to the lift
car to stabilise the weight
 The motor stops by command by the control
system to ensure it stop at the required level.
 Main component
1. Control system
2. Electric motor
3. Sheave
4. Counterweight
5. Guide rails
6. Lift Car
7. Buffer
The cylinder is connected to a fluid-pumping system.

The hydraulic system has three parts:

1) A tank (the fluid reservoir)

2) A pump, powered by an electric motor

3) A valve between the cylinder and the reservoir

 At the first steps the passengers must press the
level button which will indicate to go up or
down
 Door will open when the car reach at required
level.
 System will received the instruction and then
send the respond to the system to works the
hydraulic system
 The pump forces fluid from the tank into a pipe
leading to the cylinder
 As the fluid collects in the cylinder, it pushes
the piston up, lifting the elevator car
 When the car approaches the correct floor, the
control system sends a signal to the electric
motor to gradually shut off the pump
 Piston rests on the fluid, and the car stays where
it is.
 TYPES/DIFFERENCES HYDRAULIC LIFT
Definition Is a systems lift a car using a
hydraulic ram a fluid-driven
piston mounted inside a
cylinder
ELECTRIC LIFT
A systems lift car using a
motor system housed in the
machine room and connected
to counterweight.

Speed Moderate speed and travel High travel speed

Machine Room Positioned in the basement or Separate machine room

first floor of the building

Space Less space More space

Safety (in event of fire) Easy access Difficult
Services and maintenance Less maintenance High maintenance

Suitability Suitable for low rise Suitable for high rise

buildings building
 ADVANTAGES
Required small plant room to operate the
lift.
The installation of hydraulic lift is simple.
Car can be lowered manually by the
operation of oil valve.
The lift shaft is smaller.
Lower construction requirement and cost.
DISADVANTAGES
Cannot be used for tall building.
The maintenance of hydraulic lift is
frequently required.
Noise from the pump and motor plus
piping noise can be disturbing.
Does not have buffer to prevent the falling
of the car lift
Uses a lot of energy
 ADVANTAGES DISADVANTAGES
Available for high rise applications Lift design consideration is complicated

Quiet and smooth ride Higher installation cost

Fast speed and efficient performance Need large space

No limitation to the rises up Needs a deeper lift shaft

Not require an oil to operate the system Required completes servicing at regular
interval
 SPACE
Required more space for lift lobby,
lift shaft, lift machine room, etc.
Basic parameters for elevator traffic
calculations ( lift lobby consideration) :
1) for office buildings - the planned
office space
2) for hotels - the number of hotel
rooms
3) for residential buildings - the
number and size of apartments
Required less space
Does not have lobby which required
uses of a large area.
However its need proper planning to
minimize the area used by escalator by
choosing suitable arrangement of
escalator.
 WAITING TIME

Does have waiting time for users. Does not have waiting time.
Waiting time is meant for lift Users are freely used the escalator.
movement plus lift door to be open.
Average waiting time for :
* office building with prestige : 20-25
sec.
*other buildings : 25-30 sec.
*residential and hotels : 40-100 sec
 REQUIREMENT

Type of building : Type of building :

*High-rise building (over 5 floors level) *Commercial Building, example ;
shopping complex, railway station, office
building, etc.

CAPACITY OF USERS / LOADING RATE

Low capacity of users due to size of lift
car and also lift loading rate.
High capacity of users due to no
waiting time required and also high
loading rate of escalator.
Number of passengers the population
of each story is determined by the usable
floor space.
 MAINTENANCE COST

High maintenance cost Low maintenance cost

Maintenance for operation room
(machine), cleaning, etc.
Confined space and high risks to do
the maintenance works at the lift
shaft.
Maintenance for main components
(motor) cleaning, etc.
Open space to do the maintenance,
low risks.

DISTANCE

For long distance travel over a large For travel over a small number of
number of floors. floors
(eg : shopping centres, railway
station)
 MOVEMENT PATTERN

Vertical movement Inclined movement

Escalator arrangement :
*Parallel
*Multiple parallel
*Cross-over or criss-cross
*Walk around
 25 million passengers and one million tonnes of
cargo a year.

 Operations on June 28, 1998.

 The airport is built on 10,000 hectares (25,000 acres

- one of the world's largest construction site)

 Cost : US$3.5bn
 The vertical transportation system is designed to the standard of
the latest state-of the – art technology available.

 The design took consideration of the functionality of the areas

served, security impact and the latest technology available to
commensurate with this building.

 In general, the vertical transportation design for this building

can be categorized into:

Passenger/Service Lifts/Elevators.
Car park lift
Escalators
 Jabatan Bomba dan Penyelamat (BOMBA)
 Jabatan Keselamatan dan Kesihatan Pekerja
(JKKP)
 Tenaga Nasional Berhad (TNB)
Performance of lifts shall be based on the
following parameters:

 Car capacity
Passenger Lifts : 21 persons / 1450 kg

 Fire Lift / Service Lift : 24 persons / 1600 kg

 Car Park Lifts : 15 persons / 1000 kg

 Car Speed
Passenger Lifts : 4.5 m/s (High Zone)

 Car Park Lifts : 1.75 m/s

 The lift operation drivers systems use at KLIA is
electrical drives motor.

The figure shows the combination of escalators and electric lift at KLIA.
 Location: Kept as near to the centre of gravity of the car as possible.

The number of guide rails depends upon the loads to be handled and the sizes
available for use

The guides are drawn from steel

Guide rails

Guide shoes
 The counterweight provides traction between the ropes and
sheave, by balancing the weight of the car
 Counterweights usually consist of a steel frame of welded.

Weight

Counter weight
frame

Hocking down
angle

Buffer blocking
Car frame was made by steel and the lift well is from high durability glass
 The function of the door operator, or door engine, is
to open and close the lift doors in a safe and swift
manner.
 Various methods are used, but the most common is
an electric door operator mounted on top of the
car.
 When the lift arrives at a floor, a mechanical device
couples the car doors to the landing doors.
 As the car doors open they also pull open the landing
doors.
Electric door operator
Motor

Driver
Arms

Door
Track

Door
Hanger
 Two-speed-
centre-opening

Door
Track

Sliding
Door
Panel

The condition when the sliding door lift at KLIA is opening.

 Buffers are placed below the car and
counterweight to arrest them should they over
travel into the lift pit.
Buffer

Piston
assembly

Stroke Stand Spring

 Steel ropes used for hoisting lift cars; each strand
consisting of a number of wires
 Steel with a high carbon

Rope size:
19mm.

Rope lay:
Lang's
lay.
 Help to make a lift more 'user friendly' and will improve service.

 While these items will contribute greatly to the appearance of the lift.
 Their prime function is to inform users of what is happening and/or to enable
instructions to be given to the lift control system

Some of the fixtures :

Push Button
Lift Position Indicator
Hall Lantern/Lobby
car operating panels
any signs
magnetic card readers
key-pads
 The light indicators give easily view each of the buttons represent the
levels.
 Indicators should be provided within the car and on the main landing.
 On single units, an indicator at all floors is a useful addition which
provides users with a visible indication of the progress of the lift.
 Hall lanterns should always be provided at each landing for groups of two or more
cars and may be provided on single lifts, if desired.

The lantern should illuminate and chime before the car arrives at the floor to alert
waiting passengers
At the top of wells located the electric motors.