RAY OPTICS & OPTICAL ES Ue Recap of Early Classes (Opties is the science of light. Traditionally, optics is divided into two main areas: geometrical (ray) optics, which deals with how light moves and where it goes; and physical optics, which deals with the nature of light itself and with the interaction between light and matter .It is accepted that light has dual character, which means, depending on the situation light may behave as a wave or particle. The branch of optics in which one compieteiy neglects the finiteness of the wavelength is called geometrical optics. In this chapter, we consider the phenomena of reflection, refraction and dispersion of light, using the ray mode! of light. Using the basic laws of reflection and refraction, we shall study the image formation by plane and spherical reflecting and refracting surfaces. We then go on to describe the construction and working of some important optical instruments, including the human eye, Sudex 10 2.0 3.0 INTRODUCTION REFLECTION OF LIGHT 2.1 Laws of Reflection REFLECTION FROM PLANE MIRROR SPHERICAL (CURVED) MIRROR 4.1. Definitions for thin Spherical Mirors 4.2 Rules for Image formation (for paraxial 90 83 PowerofLens 8.4 Combination of Lenses, 8.5 Displacement Method 8.6 Combination of Lenses and Minors 87 Siveringof Lens PRISM 9.1 Condition of Minimum Deviation 9.2. Condition for maximum Deviation/grazing rays only) emergence 4.3. Relations for spherical mirrors 98. Noemergence condition 4.4 Mognifcation 10.0 DISPERSION OF LIGHT 4.5, Image Formation by Spherical Minors 4.6. Velocity of mage of Moving Object (Spherical Miror) 4,7 Power ofa Mieror 4,8. Newton'sFormula 10.1. Angular dispersion 10.2. Dispersive Power (o) 10.3 Combination of prism 10.4 Chromatic Aberration 10.5. Lateral Chromatic Aberration 10.6 Achromatism 50. REFRACTION 1.0 OPTICAL INSTRUMENTS BA Lawson Tit Simpomisescoe 5.2 Bending of lightray 11.2 Compound Microscope 5.3. Apparent Depth and Normal Shift 11.3 Astronomical Telescope 54 Lateral hi 14 tans -Canen 60. TOTALINTERNAL REFLECTION EXERCISE 10. REFRACTION AT TRANSPARENT exencise-2 41 Toalenghoesnesphicl sac EXERCISE) EXERCISE-48) po) LENS: EXERCISES 8.1 Lons-Maker's Formula 8.2. Rules for mage Formationvente ate 18296 1} te Porte conf £8 j cee ig eae AR Sradis™S acose by BP SOR Ebi a oie 4 7 Maas ow Mcrae D7 ame a od 8.8 ars ' hs ' HOE: fecal iN wal Wal { ! i MOH fs et? ns ED { | | fgets bone ai Ba oe peal Rao Fab nent oie emis tw 9 wt cs BE Son amar 90i Es Ray Optics & Optical Instruments 1.0 24 INTRODUCTION om “The branch of Physics called optics deals withthe behavior of ight and other electromagnetic waves. Under ‘many circumstances, the wavelength of lights neglgfble compared withthe dimensions ofthe device asin the case of ordinary miro an lenses, light beam can then be treated as a ey whose propagation is governed by simple geometric rules. The pat of optics that deals wit such phenomenon is known as geomet opis. Propagation of Light Light raves along straight line in a medium orin vacuum. The path oflight changes only when thereisan object ints path cr where the medium changes. We cal his rectilinear (staighttine) propagation of light. Light that stats rom a point A and passes through another point B inthe same medium actually pases through allthe Points on the straight ine AB. Such astraight lin path oflghtis called a ray of ight. Light rays star from each Point ofa source and travel along straight lines til they fall on an objector a surface separating two media (mediums). A bundle of light rays clled a beam of ight ‘Apart from vacuum and gases, ight con travel through some iquds and solids. A medium in which ight can travel freely over large distances is called a transparent medium. Water, lyeaine, lass and clear plastics are transparent. A medium in which ight cannot travels called opaque. Wood, metals, bricks et. are opaque. In materials ike cl, jght can travel some distance, but its intensity reduces rapidly: Such materials ae clled translucent REFLECTION OF LIGHT aa ‘When light rays stike the boundary of two media such as airand glass, a part of lights bounced back into the same medium. This is called Reflection of light. () Regular/ Specular reflection : ‘When the reflection takes place from a perfect plane surface then after reflection rays remain parallel Itis called Regular reflection. (il) Diffused reflection ‘When the surface is rough, light is reflected from the surface from bits ofits plane surfaces in iregular directions. Thisis called diffused \ reflection, This process enables us fo see an abject from any position. mK Laws of Reflection aa Incident ray reflected ray and normal lies in the same plane. ‘The angle of reflection is equal to the angle of incident ie. Z normal Invector formJEE-Physics 3.0 REFLECTION FROM PLANE MIRROR Plane mirrors the perpendicular bisector ofthe line joining object and image. ‘Theimage formed by a plane mirror suffers lateral-inversion, i. in the image formed by a plane minor {stumed into right and vice-versa with respect to object. left right right left Rj 7 object ‘mage A plane mirror behaves like a window to virtual world, ‘Tosee complete image in plane mirror the minimum length of plane miror should be half the height ofa person, From figure. AHNM and AENM are congruent Sm Poke ‘Similarly AEN M and ALN Mare congruent Lndhcttensetit =n +0 = Lee be ; ; oto as= ba Minimum of ength of mor is just half f the person, 1 This result does not depend on position of eve (height of the eve from ground This reauitis independent of distance of person infront of miro. © Deviation fora single minor Ne < a ‘© Total deviation produced by the combination of two plane mirrors which are = 180-(i+ 1); Zi = 21,8 = 180-21 inclined atan angle from each other. 8=5, 48; = 180-20 + 180-28 = 360-2 (a+) ..(i) From AQAB, @ + 90a + 90-B = 1800 =a+ Bult) Putting the value of @ in (i) from (i), 8 = 360-20 ozi Ray Optics & Optical Instruments If there are two plane mirror inclined to each other at an angle @ the number of image (n) of a point object formed are determined as follows. (25 sm seventies nnbeatinagesn = m1 260° oo =m is odd. There will be two case. (i) When object is not on bisector, then number of images n = m (ii) When object is at bisector, then number of images n = m—1 1 182m ja cion and heodets paced sme then a ina —neae ee em S.No. | @in Number of images formed if object is ers Teed asymmetrically symmetrically i = ° 2 [ae 1 aps 7 7 alo 6 s s 3p 3 : [a8 - +] 7, 90 4 3 3 | 8 [125 32 sn au well of 3 2 Ifthe object is placed between two plane mirrors then images are formed due to multiple reflections. At each reflection, a part of light energy is absorbed. Therefore, distant images get fainter. Keeping the minor fixed ifthe incident ry isolated by some angle, the reflected ray isso rotated by the same angle but in opposite sense. (See Fig 1) N (Fig. 2) Keeping the incident ray fixed, ithe mirror is rotated by some angle, then the reflected ray rotates by double the tangle in the same sense. (See Fig. 2) atoms Pe Minor 103though speed of abject and image are the same -omponent of velocity of object along parallel to mirror. -omponent of velocity of object along normal to misror. -omponent of velocity of image along parallel to mirror. component of velocity of image along normal to mirror. %,_ = component of velocity of object along normal '¥,, = component of velocity of image along mirror. 4, = component of velocity of mage along normal Illustrations Mlustration 1, Find the velocity ofthe image Solution ., = (10 cos 37}1 = -81 and 94, = (0sin37) j= 6} d= 2, -W, = 2-21) -(-81) =i and @, =¥,,=6) Mlustration 2. A point object O can move along vertical line AB (due to earth gravity) » asshoun inigue, When image f the objects ist visible to D then tis 0 released at t = 0 from rest from A. The time for which image is visible to t Dis: ‘Solution Tat or t] i t c } 3 eee [si i ZZ i 1 es H 8 Required time is given by 3L = 53° => | Solution Mlustration 3, A person has D cm wide face and his two eyes are separated by d cm. The minimum width of a | rmitor required fr the person to view his complete face is j According to ray diagram : a : HE, = HEL 3 HM, = 4 @ ny, = Me 1 Ded JHE = D- 5 (D-a) = PS" = ae, Ded D-HM, - HM, = D- (=F 1M. D-d zEas Rey Opts & Opie nso Mlustration 4. Two mirrors are inclined at an angle 0 as shown in the figure. Light ray is incident parallel to one of the mirrors. The ray wil start retracing its path afier third reflection if Solution AOAB => @ + @ + 90 + @ = 180, => 0 = 30" Real and Virtual Spaces ‘A mirror, plane or spherical divides the space into two + (2) Real space, aside where the reflected rays exis. (b) Virtual space is onthe other side where the reflected rays do not exist. Ret F vir rest vet vrs Rost Space | Space soa svoce wee g some Object Object is decided by incident rays only. The point object is that point from which the incident rags actually diverge (Real object) or towards which the incident rays appear to converge (virtual object. Pint Beal Object, Pont 4 eed Ober E Image Image is decided by reflected or refracted rays only. The point image is that point at which the refracted / reflected rays reflected from the mirror, actualy converge (real image) or from which the refracted /rfiected rays ‘appear to diverge (virtual image). | T i ) (Meal maa) i {Real image) i }Plane Mirror [1 Aplane miormakes an angle 30° ith hozontal. fa veel ray trikes themiox find he angle beeen 1 inior and reflected ray 5 A)30° (B) 45 (C160 090 105JEE-Physics AL ae 2 A plane mirror is placed al origin parallel fo y-axis, facing the positive x-axis, An object starts from (2, 0, 0) witha velocity of (2i + 2}) mis. The relative velocity of mage with respect to objects along (A) postive x-axis (B) negative x-axis (C) positive yeanis (D) negative y-aixs 3. When light wave suffers reflection a the interface from air to glass, the change in phase of the reflected wave is equal to ayo as On (D)2n 4, The light reflected by a plane mirror may form a real image (A) fthe rays incident on the mirror are diverging (B)lfthe rays incident on the mirror are converging (C) Ifthe objects placed very close to the mirror (D) Under no circumstances 5. plane mitror approaches a stationary person with acceleration 10 ms, The acceleration of his image as seen by the person, will be (A) 10m (©) 20m? ©) Sm? (D) cant determined ‘Two plane mirrors are placed as shown inthe figure and a point object'O! ee is placed at the origin. Find how many images will be formed. a ea alo —ear objet ‘There is a point object and a plane mirror. If the mirror is moved by 2.em away from the object find the distance (in cm) which the image will move, 4.0 SPHERICAL (CURVED) MIRROR ow Curved minors par ofa hollow sphere. Ifreflection takes place from the inner surface then the mirror is called concave and ifits outer surface acts as reflector it is convex. on prete— <_< 4.1 Definitions for thin Spherical Mirrors an @ Poles any point onthe reflecting surface of the mirror. Forconvenience we ake ftasthe midpoint ofthe ‘incor (as shown). (i) Prinetpal-seetionis any section ofthe mir such as MM passing through the pole is clledprincipal-section, (ii) Centre of curvature is the centre C of the sphere of which the mirror isa part, Gv) Radius of curvature is the radius R of the sphere of which the miror isa part. (v) Prineipal-axis isthe line CP, joining the pole and centre of curvature ofthe mirror. (i) Prinetpal- focus is an image point F on principal axis for which objects at infinity. 04]Baas Ray Optics & Optical ns Toc —cenive of (vil) Focal-Length isthe distance PF between pole P and focus F along principal axis. (vii) Aperture, in teference toa miror, means the effective diameter of the light reflecting area ofthe mirror. (a) Focal Plane is the plane passing through focus and perpendicular to principal ais A ° Bi plane (9) Paraxtal Rays Those rays which make small angle with normal at point of incidence and hence are close toprincipa axis, so (Bis very small) Rays having a large angle of incidence ‘Sign-Convention ‘Along principal axis, distances are measured from the pole ( pole is taken asthe origin) Distance in the direction of light are taken to be positive while opposite to be negative. ‘The distances above principal axis are taken to be positive while below itnegative. Whenever and wherever possible the ray of lights taken to travel from left to right.JEE-Physics 4.2 Rul a Eas for Image formation (for paraxial rays only) (These rules are based on the laws of reflection Zi = Zt) © Atay parallel to principal axis after reflection . from the mittor passes. or appears to pass ‘through ts focus (by definition of focus) © Aroypassing through or directed towardscentre of curvature, after reflection from the mirror, retraces its path (as fort Zi =0 and so dr =0) 4.3 Relations for spherical mi Relation between f and R for the spherical mirror © ForMarginal rays In AABC, AB = BC AC= CD+ DA= 28Cc0s0 -> R = 2BCcos0 =pe=_F R 2eosb and BP = PC-BC =R. Not ‘election meets © Forparaxial rays (parallel to principal axis) (smal so sind = "hs init moe P te mesefenot) a mtn! FOS eogP =~ 8 (Detain Pema ple pnp aher eda orbs ner poke axis at focus) + ietetattant FE] © Paraxcal rays (not parallel to principal axis) Such rays after reflection meet ata point n the focal plane (F), such that FF 708 Boost is not the focus; itisjust a point where a marginal ray after R + £006 a1, fond =6). Hence BC = 5 and BP = & Aray passing through or directed towards focus, after reflection from the mirror, ‘becomes parallel to the principal axis. Incident and reflected rays atthe pole of a minor are symmetical about the principal axis Zi = 2,hay Opfes& Optical nsoments Relation between u,v and f for curved mirror ‘An object is placed at a distance u from the pole of a mirror and its image is formed at a distance v (from the pole) ifangle is very small w from ACMO, from ACMI, sowecan write ‘Sign convention for object/image for spherical mirrors Realobject u -ve Real image v-ve Virtualobjectu + ve Virtualimage =v + ve Magnification ‘Transverse or lateral magnification . __ height of image _ h Linear magnification ™ = Sect of object he AABP and AAP are similar so Magnification m= cor lateral magnification. |™= 5" =~ Magnification Image Mognification Image m|>1 enlarged |mj <1 diminished m<0 inverted m>0 erect © Longitudinal magnification If one dimensional object is placed with its length along the principal axis then linear magnification is called longitudinal magnification. ication : m, = enath of image _ ¥a—vi] Longitudinal magnification = ™. = Tero of object ~ fu, — ui] For small objects only :™, =JEE-Physics ww) Cc) ‘Superficial magnification Ifrwo dimensional object placed with its plane pemendicular to principal as its magnification is known as superical magnification Linear magnification m = b= mh, .w, = mw, ‘ea of image: Ange mA of image _ (ima) (mb) area of object (ab) Superficial magnification m, Object : Placed at infinity i) Object : Placed in between infinity and C Image : real, inverted, diminished at F Image : real, inverted, diminished in between Cand F Ink <<1 & m S& mc Object : Placed at (si) Object : Placed between Fand P Image : real, inverted, very large Image : virtual, erect, enlarged and (assumed) at infinity (m<<-1) bbehind the minor (m > + 1) 70For concave mirror bet Tmege _|__Magniiaton ze F Imlze1 & me0 wee c-F gnl<1 &m<0 c ic 1 CF enc Iml> 1 & meo Just before Frowards © -2 at | Just after F towards P +o mot Convex mirror Image is always virtual and erect, whatever be the position of the object and m is always positive. st F ital, eet and tuner, dished very sal nce) Se eat fr), betwen Pond F Illustrations Illustration 5. The focal length of a concave mirtoris 30cm. Find the position ofthe object in front ofthe mirror, ‘0 that the image is three times the siz of the object. Solution ‘As the object isin front of the mircor its real and for real object the magnified image formed by concave mirror can be inverted (i.e.feal) or erect (i.e, virtual), so there are two possibilities. (@) Ifthe image is inverted (ve. real) ‘Object must be at a distance of 40 em in front ofthe mirror (in between C and F). (b) Ifthe image is erect (ie, virtual) f = 32 u 3 Object must be ata distance of 20 cm in front ofthe mizror (in between F and P). m sus -20cn £ Ilustration 6. A thin rod oflength 3 isplaced along the principal axis ofa concave miror of focal length f such that its image which is real and elongated, just touches theod. Whatis magnification? Solution, Image is real and enlarged, the object must be between C and One end A’ of the image coincides with the end A of rod itsel. 7 be Y= Uy seitchr attend ABC. balngh atti £ Ray Optics & Optical InstrumentsJEE-Physics Mlustration 7. Solution Mlustration 8. Solution Mlustration 9, Ans. Solution Mlustration 10. Distance of the other end B from P is Up ifthe distance of image of end B from thelength ofthe image vp I=Ivg 3-2 "Negative sign implies that image is inverted with respect to object and s real, ‘A concave mirror of focal length 10 cm and convex mirtor of focal length 15 cm are placed facing each other 40 cm apart A point objects placed between the mirror on theit common axis and 15, em from the concave mirtor. Find the position of image produced by the reflection fits at concave minor and then at convex miro. ForM, mirror O act as a objec, let its image is then, -15em, =u =-30em Image |, will act as.a object fr minor M, ts ditance from minor 1, = {40 ~30) om = -10 em a; and 1 © ter aap ag a oe ‘So final image |, is formed at a distance 6 cm behind the convex miror and is virtual ‘The sun subtends an angle 0 radians atthe pole of a concave mirror of focal length f. What is the diameter of the image of the sun formed by the mirror. 1 Since the sun is at lage distance very distant, u is very large and so = = 0 Ujlailia vat > aud “The mage of sun wil be formed atthe focus and willbe real inverted and diminished Ae AB od AB = height ofimageand @= Aa AB gd ge = height of mage and 6 MS ond sdem If x and y denote the distances of the object and image from the : focus ofa concave mirror. The line y = 4x cuts the graph at a point whose abscissa is 20 cm. The focal length of the mirror is (A) 20 em (B) 40 cm (C) 30 em (D) cantt be determined 6) For x = 20 om, y = 4 x 20 = 80 em From Newton's formula xy = # => (2) (80) = # > f = 40 cm ‘A.concave mirror forms an image I corresponding toa ppoint object O. The equation ofthe circle intercepted. bby the xy plane on the (aye + ¥? = 1600 (B) x? + y®-20x- 1600 = 0 (C)x? + 2-20x~1500 = 0 (D)x? + y2-20x + 1500 =0 TzRay Optics & Optical Instruments 1 %-25 1 FBO 4 = 441-100 = x, 450-9 3x, = 150 x, = 50 uit 40 unit 20 unit => R 1a 1” 50-25" 50-50 (3*i00) = Contre of circle willbe at (10,0) Equation of required circle (x-10)* + (y-0)* = (40)? =» x? + y?-20x-1500= 0 (a) ) B g moemrenenrenne ing Object (Spherical Mirror) Velocity of Ima; a Velocity component along axis (Longitudinal velocity) ‘When an object is coming from infinite towards the focus of concave mirtor a_i uw dt 4 — velocity of object along principal‘axis [ree ey eda i = at Velocity component perpendicular to axis (Transverse velocity) wt (£) ely lt ) mao Tu 2h" a) 2h velocity of image ! to principal-axis ay ( ‘ ae a (Fou velocity of abject to principal axis Note : Here principal axis has been taken to be along x-axis, Power of a Mirror a ‘The power of a mirrors defined as P Newton's Formula om In cave tf spherical minors if objet distance (x, and imagedlstance v3) are measured from foes instead of pole, u = ~(f+x,) and v = (4%), 14 i) Ta T ensolving [ra=F] ThisisNewton's formula,JEE-Physics BEGINNER'S BOX-2 Spherical Mirror 1 The distance of areal objec from the pole ofa concave mirror is equal to its radius of curvature, The image must be: (A)real (B)inverted (C) same sized (Detect In the figure shown, the image of a real object is formed at point I. AB is the principal axis ofthe mirror. The mirror must be ° (A) concave & placed towards right I (B) concave & placed towards left of | (C) convex and placed towards right of (D) convex & placed towards lft of. ‘point ebjec is placed onthe principal axis at 60cm infront ofa concave miror of focal length 40/cm on the principal ans. the object is moved with a velocily of 10 ems along the principal ais, then the velocity (only magnitude) ofimageis (A)20 cms (B)30.cms (C)40 ems (D)60ems The focal length of a concave mirror is 12 em. Whete should an object of height 4 em be placed, so that @ real image of 1 cm height is formed~ (4) 48.em (B)3em (C)60em (0)15em ‘Theradius of curvature ofa convex spherical mirors 1.2m. An abject of height 1.2 emis placed front of mirror, ifthe distance between its virtual image and the mirror is 0.35 m? What isthe height (in mm) of the image? 1 ‘A.convex mirror of focal length {forms an image whieh is times the objec. The distance ofthe objea from themirroris nd (a) (n= 1)f 8) (3 )r ol (D) (n+ If Which ofthe following could not produce e virtual image (A) Plane mirror (8)Convex mirtor (C) Concave mirror (D)Allthe above can produce a virtual image ‘An object 5 cm tallis placed 1m from a concave spherical mirror which has a radius of curvature of 20cm, The sizeof the image is (a) 0.11 em (8) 0.50.em (€)055 em (0) 0.60em a 5.0 REFRACTION Refroction i the phenomenon in which direction of propagation of ight changes at the boundary when it passes from one medium to the other. In case of refraction frequency does not change. 5.1. Laws of Refraction an (i) Incident ray, refracted ray and normal always le in the same plane Invector form (il) Thepproduct of refractive index and sine of angle of incidence ata ‘point in a medium is constant. p, sini = yysin x (Snell's law) aia Baan‘Absolute refractive index hndanederterioctspead cli infec gue etntinagien madam, yor ne £ Danser teen eee te sped light and ogni ithe inde, Vans < Yates * BG > Bw lavender . ibn pase em oe meuniere cin rT. ‘medium 2 relative to 1 is writen as 1 and is defined as “ i He (e/a) _ ve my 74) ve AccordingtoSnellslaw, sini = wsinr flight passes from rarer to denser medium p= fig and py = Hp Mlle 15 Zi> a Sine by so that In passing from rarer to denser medium, the ray bends towards the normal, (@ light passes from denser to rarer medium j4,= Ug and jg Helo vica Sint Hp In passing rom denser to rarer medium, the ray bends away from thenormal Apparent Depth and Normal Shift ao Ifa point object in denser medium is observed from rarer medium and boundary is plane, then fromSnellslawwehave pp sini = ugsins “a Ifthe rays OA and OB are close enough to reach the eve. sin i= tan i de u “The distance between object and its image, called normal shift (x) teat (lyq= Tsp = w then dy = B= cod, < dy TSJEE-Physies ‘Object in a rarer medium is seen from a denser medium Se ot te dye hy SY dyrndy le, dy>dy Abhigh flying object appears to be higher than in reality. X= dyn tye > X= MM de 5.4 Lateral Shift ao Derek donc bntemocdetacomarentyhknownasbinl si Lateral shift d= BC and t = thickness of slab In ABOC : sin(!~ na Beak d= OB sin(i-2) 0) oo - In AOBD: cost SB7 gg 7 B= i) , t From (i) and (i) d= = sin('—) ‘Transparent glass slab (Normal shift) When an object placed infront ofa glass slab, it shift the object inthe direction of incident light and form a image at a distance x. ar ‘Some Illustrations of Refraction © Bending of an object When a point cbject in a denser medium is seen from a 4 ‘arer medium itappears to bend by 1¢ e © Twinkling of stars Due to fluctuations in refractive index of atmosphere the refraction becomes irregular and the light sometimes reaches the eye and sometimes it does not. This gives rise to twinkling of stars, j 1}Roy Optics & Optical Instruments Illustrations Mlustration 11. A ray of light is incident on a transparent glass slab of refractive index 1.62. If the reflected and ‘refracted rays are mutually perpendicular, what is the angle of incidence ? {tan”? (1.62) = 58.3] Solution According to given problem :r + 90° + 7’ = 180° Le,1'= 90° = P= (90"=i) [7 Zim Ze} and as according to Snells Taw sin = ysin st usin (90 -i) => sini = posi [sin (90 -) => tani =p 91 = tant p= tan (1.62) = 58.3" cos i] Ilustration 12. A 20.m thick glass slab of refractive index 1.5 is kept infront of plane mirror. An object is kept in airata distance 40 cm from the mirror. Find the position of image wrt an observer near the object. ‘What is effect of separation between glass slab and the mirror on image, senon Sgn cero dane 1-2) c=] em Det em miners mi = 0-22 inoue eetat aden 2 fom mir ‘Shifting in image due to gas sa: So distance of image from mirror Distance of image from the actual plane mirror is independent of separation b between glass slab and the mirror. Ifthe distance is more then brightness of image will be less. Mlustration 13. fone face ofa prism angle 30° and 1=12 is silvered, the incident ray retraces its initial path. What Isthe angle of incidence? Solution ‘As incident ray retraces its path the ray is incident normally on the silvere face ofthe prism as shown in figure. Further, as in AAED 30° + 90+ D= 180? => 2D = 60° Now as by constuction, ZD + Zr = 90°=> Zr = 90"~ 60° = 30° «from Snell's law at surface AC, 1sini = v2 sin30° = V2 x: 1 Be a sini= t= i= 45° aJEE-Physics Mlustration 14, An object is placed 21 om infront of a concave mirror of radius of curvature 20 em. A glass slab of thickness 3 em and refractive index 1.5 isplaced closed tothe minor in space between the object and the mirror. Find the position of final image formed if distance of nearer surface of the slab from the mirror is 10 em. shin by asd x= a (1~ Solution forimage formed by minor u = ~ (21-1) em = - 20cm, 111 1 uly" t? 20 Pen, shiftin the direction of light v = ~(20 + 1) = ~21 em. OF 6.0 TOTAL INTERNAL REFLECTION an When light ray travel from denser to rorer medium it bend away from the normal if the angle of incident is ‘increased, angle of refraction wil ako increased. Ata particular value of angle the refracted ray subtend 90° angle with the normal, this angle of incident is known as critical angle (@,).Ifangle of incident further increase the ray ‘come backin the same medium this phenomenon is known as total intemal reflection, ‘Angle ofincident > critical angle [i> @,] Light should travel from denser fo rare medium => Glass to air, water to air, Glass to water sind, Snells Lawatboundary xe p$inO, = _sin90" => Graph between angle of deviation (8) and angle of incidence (i) ae rays goes from denser to rare medium 161 <8, gsini = tp 8Ee Ray Opler & Opie niroment ofrefractive index » upto height h. tis found light from the source come out of liquid surface through a circular portion above the object Fan r 5 1 sins = & sind, 24 Vea wR Jean aout? =r? +h? = (u? 1)? =h? = radius of eicular portion Some Illustrations of Total Internal Reflection ¢ Sparkling of diamond : The spaziling of diamond s du to total intemal reflection inside it. As refractive index for diamond s 2.5 0 0, = 24°. Now the cutting of diamond are such that > 8-.So TIR will take place again and again inside it. The light which beams out rom a fow places in some specifi directions makes it spark. (© Optical Fibre : nitlight through mulipl total intemal reflections is propagated along the axis of a dls fibre cof radius of few microns in which index ofrefaction of core is greater than that of surroundings. © Mirage and looming : Mirage is caused by total internal reflection in deserts where due to heating ofthe earth, ‘refractive index of air near the surface of earth becomes lsser than above it. Light from distant objects reaches the surface of earth with {> @ g so that TIR wil take place and we see the image of an object along with the object as ‘Similar to'mirage'in deserts, in polar regions looming takes place due to TIR. Here decreases with heightand 120 the image of an objects formed in air if (I> <) as showm in figure. {ii3}—Eases Illustrations Mlustration 15. _A rectangular block of glass is placed on a printed page laying on a horizontal surface, Find the ‘minimum value of the reactive index of glass for which the letters on the page are not visible from any of the vertical faces ofthe block. Solution ‘The situation is depicted in figure. Light will not emerge out from the vertical face BC if at it [>t a sntndntjounis Hons But from Snelfs law at 1x sin = isin And in OPR, + +90 +i = 18091 +1=90°=1=90-i Soin 6 = sin (90-1) = p cosi=> cost [els so substituting the value of sin from equation (i) in(), so sini = y1— cos? sin? 1 bean? > 1 + sin > (in? 0),.= 1 p> t eg Mend > 1 + sinks sin?) = Do Zour We tee Refraction From Plane Surface 1. When aay of light of frequency 6% 10 He travels from water of refractive index 4/8 to glass of refractive index YS, its (A) frequency decreases by a factor of 5/6 (B) speed decreases by a factor of 5/6 (C) wavelength increases by a factor of 65 (D) speed increases by a factor of 6/5 2 Aray oflight passes from vacuum into a medium of refractive index J. Ifthe angle of incidence is ‘twice the angle of refraction, then the angle of incidence is (A)oos 2) (B)sin-%(w2) (C)2cos (ue) (D)2sin-w2) 8 Aray R, fs incident on the plane surface of the glass slab (Kept in ai) of refractive index V2 at an angle of incidence equal tothe critical angle for this ar glass system. The refracted ray Ry undergoes partial reflection and refraction at the other surface. The angle between reflected ray Ry and the refracted ray R, at that surface is: (a) 45° (8) 135° (©) 105° (0) 75° 4. Abcam of lights converging towards a point on the screen. Ifa plane parallel plate of glass of refractive index Hand thickness tis introduced in the path of the beam, the convergent point is shifted w4i—!]eney 41-4] eared] emey — 0) 41D nemer r ae i x {0}Ray Optics & Optical Instruments Locate the image of the point P as sean by the eye in the A figure (4) 0.9 em below P Ce sen mitaegt se] s (C)0.7 em above P 20cm] we ee 8 (D) 0.9 cmabove P 2.00m I » 6. Thecaitical ange oflight going from medium A to medium Bis 0. The speed of light in medium Ais v The speed of ight in medium Bis ae (8) vsine (C)veote (D) vtane 7.0 REFRACTION AT TRANSPARENT CURVED SURFACE cr iy = refractive index of the medium in which actual incident ray ies. 'm, = refractive index of the medium in which actual refractive ray les. ° P. c R= PC = radius of curvature Refraction from curved surface sin @, = usin @ iM angle is very small : 148; = 11205.) But 0, = a+ (i) + a from (i) and (i) w+ B) = Hy) hat mB = weber Hye tHeY= am IAB APM MPM WHIM 5 Bet Bet Sign convention for radius of curvature Be surfaceR>@, aiJEE-Physics a 7.4 Focal length of a single spherical surface a ‘Asingle spherical surface as two principal focus points which ate as follows (First focus: The first principal focus isthe point on the axis where when an, object is placed, the image is formed at infinity, That is when (ii) Second focus: Similary, the second principal focus is the point where parallel rays focus. That is u, = -20, =f then. (iil) Ratio of Focal length: Illustrations Mlustration 16. An ir bubble in glass (= 1.5) is situated ata distance 3 em from a spherical surface of diameter 10 emas shown in Figure. Atwhat distance from the surface wil the bubble appear the surface is (a) convex (b) concave ty) Soltion nosso fom ane sufce MB = Ua 1_(.5)_ 1-15 Semand u=-3em=5~ Tg = eg SY @) m=15,m=-1,8 the bubble will appear ata distance 2.5 cm from the convex curved surface inside the glass 1 ©) Wy 18.n=1, R=Scmand u=-3ems, By v= -L66em the bubble will appear ata distance 1.66 cm from the concave curved surface inside the glass. Note : Ifthe suriace is plane then R > (1.5) _(0=1.5) 3) 2cm case(ajor —(b) would yield |Bas) Ray Optics & Optical Instruments IMlustration 17. Solution Mlustration 18. Ans. Solution | Ans. Mlustration 19. Una in oa hd oft 10 led waar of rater eos sh tases on fom CD trcnaeCcshonin ave hele happen be dncntom }e0nd(}F lege ethces cfgasl? : Le, fish will appear at a distance 5.3 cm from E towards F (lesser than actual distance, ie., 6 cm) 4 (b) Seon fromF i =5, t= 1,R =~ 10cmand u= (10 + 4) = -14.em 16.154 cm iS Rey 4 4 a1 3 3 oval Vv =14" =10 13 so fish will appear ata distance 16.154 cm from F toword E {more than actual distance, ie., 14 em) Tem 1618 Quarter pert of a transparent cylinder ABC of radiusR is kept on a horizontal floor and a horizontal ‘beam of light falls on the cylinder in the two different arrangement of cylinder as shown in the figure (a) & (b) In arrangement (a) ight converges at point D, which is ata distance 2R/m from B, ‘And in arrangement (b) ight converges at point E, which is ata distance Ri(m ~ 1) from C. Find out the refractive index of the material () o eS D a oe Ria “a Ls mi Atay oflight falls on a transparent sphere with centre at Cas shown infigre. The ray emerges from the sphere parallel toline AB. Find the refractive index of the sphere. Sel 4JEE-Physics Solution Fromsnellslaw 1, sin 60° = sin (at PtP) again sine = 1. sin2r (at PQ) , sin 2r = sin 60° 5 ‘30° 60, 1.sin 60° = psin 30" p= V3 Mlustration 20. A uniform, horizontal beam of lights Incident upon a quater onder ofradius R = 5 cm, and has refractive index 2/3. a ‘Appatch on the table fora distance ‘from the cylinder is > niluminated. Find the value of? ‘Ans. 5m Solution }EGINNER'S BOX-4 Refraction through curved surface 1 ia ‘There is a small black dot at the centre C of a solid glass sphere of refractive index y. When seen from ‘outside, the dot will appear to he located: (A) away from C forall values of t (B) at C for all values of (C) at C for 4 = 1.5, but away from Cfor p# 1.5 (D)atC only for J 1 & m>1 F-0 Tn front of fens mt Image formation for convex lens (Convergent lens) () Objects placed at infinity (ii) Objectis placed in between o—2F Image : Image at Freal inverted very small in size real (F —2F) inverted small in size (diminished) Iml1 & m +1)JEE-Physics SSS Image formation for concave lens (divergent lens) Imge is virtual, diminished, erect, towards the object, m = +ve (Objects placed at infinity (i) Objectis placed infront of ens Image : Image ALF virtual erected between F and optical centre diminished (m << + 1) virtual erected diminished (m < + 1) Sign convention for object/image for lens Real object ue Real image v tw Virtual ect ut, Virtual image ve 8.3 Power of Lens ao Reciprocal of focal length in meter is known as power of lens SIUNIT : dioptre (D) 1 _ 100 wer of tens: P= ph = 100. stern ai Power of lene: P= Fr) ~ Fenn) “lope Un ai] 8.4 Combination of Lenses ‘Two thin lens are placed in contact to each other at At Pm EET power of combination, P= Use sign convention when solve numericals ‘Two thin lens are placed in at a small stance d y f ipal axis) (provided incident rays are parallel to princi d TEP = Prt Ped PP location * behind secondens Lisi convention when sing numa © Newton's Forma (= Jim distance of object fom focus ance of mage om focus.ALLEN Ray Optics & Optical Instruments ‘Some Special Cases (i) The focal length of equiconvex lns placed in ar | ; aw Na, refrectiveindex oflens ui, = yrefractiveindex of medium thy = 1 waar [RO R,=+R, R,=-R 1 1a ; w-rf2-(-4)] = Focal length f= Rio (ii) Focal lenath of planoconvex lens placed in air ght =e 1 1a. R teu-np-2]5 Focallenth f= G5) objects placed towards plane surface R r R, tatu a[2-(-3)] = Focallength ! (a) tren egiconvex nso focaleng i ctinto qual ps by a hoot plane AB then he focal length ofeach par wil be equa to that of nal ens. tenanp iting Ow rimapratentend [\ = f\ intensity I « (apertures)* A B intensity tough single part be read (lv) ithe same len s cut into equal pets by a vertical plone CD thefocallength ic ofeach part willbe double of inal value but intensity willremain unchanged. \— af as 7 1_p-t Forequiconvextons += "="? For ponoconvexlens ¢ = 2 1_2 Sof 75 fy = 26> Focal lenath ofeach past = 2 D (focal length of original lens) ‘ert become 21 (v) _Ifalensis made of numberof layers of different refractive index fora given wavelength aa, then no of mogesisequalto number of refacive index, as F< (=1) nt, In figure numberof images = 2 hs 1 1. a, (vt) Focal length offens depends on wavelength. f(D d [Fe 2] fy> hy a, ‘White ohJEE-Physics (ii) Ifhaif portion of tens is covered by black paper then intensity of image willbe reduced but complete image willbe formed, (iti) Sun-gogales: radius of curvature of two surfaces is equal with centre on the same side be 2 BE TT Bae 1 14 = dig al Ar R= +R so 7H UH alk al = }e0sfemand P=0 = — sungoggeshavenopower (ix) refractive index of medium < Refractive index oflens Bac Tltyg Refeactive index of lens rs me ott a Ved ia a > ps <1 [will be negative “| My > SFL vegative ] é convex lens will behave diverging and concave lens will behave converging. Ifa air bubble is formed in water it behaves diverging. dete Illustrations Mlustation21. pein scarce’ is pleced a dtance 15cm fom aconvernglenstfocalengih 10cm, Where { shoul at) concave mori conven mia focal lng 12cm be laced so tht eal image formed on object itself. i 1 elt 1 18cm, f= 10am: yy" Ty" Eag) 10> Y = v4 2f=> 304+2x 12 = 54cm [il)x =v-2= 30-2 12=6em Solution u 0.cm 730)Mlustration 22. A convex lens of focal length fis producing real image which is 1/n times ofthe size ofthe object. Find out position ofthe object. Solution Image is real so, from lens formula su=-f(l4n) IMlustration 23. (a) Iff = +0.5m, whatis the power of the lens ? (b) The radii of curvature ofthe faces of a double convex lens are 10.cm and 15 em. Its focal length is 12 cm. What is the refractive index of glass? (€) Aconvex|lens has 20 cm focal length in air. What the focal length in water? (Refractive index. of air-water = 1.33, refractive index for air glassis 1.5) Solution lustration 24. Column It (foe length) (P)80em ® (Q 40cm | wl (®) 30m i i j | i © ie (8) 206m i = fans, ()-S @) PORJEE-Physics (Led) dheteton 1 Solution For (A) : 7 20 * 20)" 20 BS ahead com -(15-4)(g)e foi --18( $5) =1-900m yet (fast [tis used for determination of focal length of convex lens in laboratory. A thin convex lens of focal length fis placed between an object and a screen fixed at a distance D apart. If D > 4f there are two position of lens at ‘which a sharp image ofthe object is formed on the sereen Byles mul 0210 se arete possibilities @) for D<4f willbe imaginary hence physically no position oflens is possible D (for D=4f w=} = 2fso.only one pesiton of ens i posible and since v = D-u=4{-2f= (i) for D> at y= PSDID“AN ng, = D+ WDID= 41) 1 yan 2 ‘So there are two positions of lens for which real image will be formed on the screen. (for two distances u, and ty ‘of the object from lens) ithe distance between wo postions oflen is xthen oupu, - PPD PaWPD=A _ BDza x= vane Distance offnage corespondsto two positions ofthe lens 4) =D-u,=D-3D- JDD-M}- HD+ (DD=ah}=u, =v, i}Ray Optics & Optical Instruments vp =D =u, =D-HD + (DD= A= HID - JBD=aHl=u, = v5 =u, {or two positions ofthe lens distances of object and image are interchangeable. Now x=up—u, and Dav, tu =u, + uly =u) =0-h Illustrations Mlustration 25. Solution, Mlustration 26, Solution Mlustration 27. Solution Mlustration 28, Solution ‘Aconvex lens is placed between an object and a screen which are ata fixed distance apart for one position ofthe lens. The magnification of the image obtained on the screen is m,. When the lens is ‘moved by a distance d the magnification ofthe image obtained on the same screen is m, Find the focal length of the lens. If is the distance between the object and the screen, d the separation of the two position oflens throwing two images on the screen then (O40 sm, (=a mmm, Ina displacement method using lens, we obtain two images for separation of the lens ¢, Oneimage is magnified as much as the other is diminished. If m is the magnifications of one image, find the focal length of the lens. md sof becomes (57) From above question here if m, is taken as m, m, In the displacement method the distance between the object and the screen is 70 em and the focal length of the lens s 16 cm, find the separations ofthe magnified and diminished image position of the lens. d= vD°— 4d TOF ~4 16x70 = 420 = 20.5em ‘An object 25cm high is placed infront ofa convex lens of foal length 30 em. the height of image formed is 50 cin, find the distance between the object and the image (real and virtul)? ‘As object isin front ofthe lens, itis real and as hy = 25 em, f= 30.em, hy = ~ 50.em; hy. -50 be 2 hy 25JEE-Physics =, ‘Asin this situation object and image are on opposite sides of lens, the distance between object and mage ‘d, =u + v= 45 +90 = 135 em. Ifthe image is erect (Le. virtual) t 20. yee ayy 2 Ue Bam Asin the situation both image and object are infront ofthe lens, the distance between object and image d, = v—u = 30-15 = 15cm, Combination of Lenses and Mirrors a ‘When several lenses or mirrors are used, the image formation is considered one after anotherin steps, The image formed by the lens facing the object serves as an object forthe next lens or mirror, the image formed by the second lens acts as an object for the thie, and so on, The total magnification in such situations will be given by Power of Lens fin air) DiverginglensP,, = ve ower For itror Concaveminor Py = +ve 8.7 Silvering of Lens a Calculate equivalent focal length ofa equiconvex lens silvered at one sid. P=P,+Py+P_=2P, + Py x2 ,2_4u-442_, RR OR ind Illustrations Illustration 29. Calculate equivalent focal length of plano convex lens for following case — (i) When curved surface is silvered., (@) When plane surface issitvered. Solution 0Mlustration 30. Solution cal Instruments ® P= 2, +Py “The radius of curvature ofthe convex face of a plano-convex lens is 12 em and its refractive index is 1.5.) Find the focal length of this lens. The plane surface ofthe lens is now sivered. (b) Atwhat distance frorn the lens will parallel rays incident on the convex face converge ?{c) Sketch the ray diagram to locate the image, when a point object is placed on the axis 20 cm from the lens. (d) Cleulate the image distance when the object is placed asin (c) 1 deli fe) fs orale bye mate = um [ 2] Here 1 = 1.5;R, = 12cmandR, = 0 einige] ia BO GT gen ect “ 8 ° (b) As light after passing through the lens willbe incident on the mirror which will reflect it back Lees through the lens again, soP = P, + Py + P= 2P, + Py ButP, = 7 = Gog ond Py oles e=$ -| 1 1 So P= 2x 55g +0= GygD. The stem i equivalent to a concave mimror of focal length F P 2 F 1 0.12 m =~ 12 emie., the rays will behave as a concave mirror of focal length 12em. l,l 0. for parallel incident rays u = ~ + 35 = li aia wehave 5 += =—5 735~12 cmie., parallel incident rays will focus will ata distance of 12 cm in front of the lens ‘asshown in Figure (c) and (¢) When objectis at20 em in front ofthe given silvered lens which Ljiil tehavesasa concave miorcffocallength 12cm, from mitorfommula 5 + 7 = 7 wehave Bota v * 220 = 212 30cm Le, the sivere lens wil form image ata distance of 30 em infront ofitas shown infig. (C) Mlustration 31. A pin is placed 10 em in front of a convex lens of focal length 20 cm, made of material having tefracive index 1,5. The surface of the lens farther away from the pin is slvered and has a radius of ‘curvature 22 cm. Determine the position of the final image. Is the image real or virtual ? Solution As radius of curvature of silvered surface is 22 cm, R_ -22 80 fy= 3 = Ap =-lem=-011m 1 f and hence, M = ja ono Farther asthe focal length of ns 20m, ie, 0.20 mts power willbe given by 1a jc 7 a0? "Now asin mage formation, light fer pasing through thelens willbe reflected backy the curved tnior through helen again P= P, + Py't Py =2P, + Byte. P= ppt giz = 2D 1_ i110 Sothe focallengh of equivalent minor F = =~ 5m =~"p1 emi. the siveredlensbehave ‘88 a concave mirror of focal length (110/21) cm. So for object at a distance 10 em in front of .¥=~1lem Le, image willbe 11 em in front ofthe ilvered lens and will bbe real as shown in Figure. Lens 1. Anobjectis placed infront ofa thin convex lens of focal length 30 cm and a plane minroris placed 15 cm behind the lens. Ifthe inal image of the object coincides with the objet, the dlstance of the object from thelens is | (A) 60cm (@)30em (150m (D)25an 1 2 A2Sdiopize ens forms. virtual mage which s 4 times the object placed perpendicularly onthe principal | axis ofthe lens. Then the required distance of the object from the lens is j (A) 35 cm (B) 40 cm (C) 30cm (D) 25cm ; 8. mth gn shoun eee aon among i (A) Hy > My > By Bay < my ty: (Dd > Hts 1 i 6Ray Optics & Optical Instruments ‘The minimum distance between a real abject and its real image formed by a thin convex lens of focal length fis, (A) 4t (B) 26 (Ct (Dj 2 (A) one (B) two: (C) three (D) four ae Maes s0ons nite ltmatnone sigs 2 Atm (C) the distance between the images is 4mm_ _ (D) the distance between the images is 2mm_ 2 (A) 40cm (B) 80cm (C) 40cm (D) 60cm 9.0 PRISM a Aprism is a homogeneous, transparent medium (such as glass) enclosed by two plane surfaces inclined al an angle. These surfaces are called the refracting surfaces’ and the angle between them is called the ‘refracting angle’ or the ‘angle of prism’. The section cut by a plane perpendicular to the refracting surfaces is called the ‘principal section’ ofthe prism. ie A ‘prism prism mace Ba teeth easton Tight angled © ight angled pris Isosceles sm 137:hysics Deviation PQ. =incidentray QR =Retracted ray RS =emergentray ‘A =Prismangle i, = incident angle on face AB = emergent angle on face AC %, = refracted angle on face AB % = incident angle on face AC Angle of devition on face AB. 8, =i,~¥, Angle of deviation on face AC 8, =F, Total angle of deviation 528,48, Jai te) nf) nAQOR 3, +4, +0 i ImAQOR A+6 = 180° «it from (i) and (ii) +1 = A (iv) from (i)and (iv) Totalangle of deviation 8 =i, + i,-A from Snells law at surface AB sini, =p, sin, ‘and at surface AC sin y= 4 sin i, 9.1. Condition of Minimum Deviation oo For minimum deviation In this condition |, = i, =1=> ¥, randsincey, +1, =A A+ Ben Minimum deviation 8_,, = 21 - A; ifpprism is placed in air w, = 15.1 x sin if angle of prism is small A < 10° then sin 0 0 As8, 2 ASS, 9.2 Condition for maximum Deviationigrazing emergence as Angle of incidence (for grazing emergence Fori, ¢= 90° ‘Applying Snell law at face AC sings x1 sing, yt Rtas A-6, ‘Again, Applying Snell's law at face AB 1 x sin j = ysing;: 1 x sin, = wsin(A-@,) sini, = ulsinAcos®, - cosAsind,) angle of deviation —» A rtrsA= 2eA = reo 2 = 90 90 angle of incidence > —}+Ray Optics & Optical Instruments sn? [iF sna cosa] [[- ol Ifvincreases beyond i, increases thus r, decreases and becomes less than 0, and ray emerges. Thus i2i, = ray emerges, otherwise TIR. 6,,, = |, + 90°—A 9.3 No emergence condition a Let maximum incident angle on the face AB j.,, = 90 1 1x sin90=psing Si = =sin@e = OH) UETIR occur at face AC then x, > Ge (i) no Ali fiom (i) and (i), + ty > Op + 0p => 1, + > 2B, ull) A A All from i] and (i) A> 28, = > Be sing» sine = sin > Lae Illustrations Mlustration 32. A ray oflight passes through an equilateral prism such that angle of incidence is equal of emergence and the later is equal o 3/4" ofthe angle of prism. Calculate the angle of deviation, Refractive index of prism is 1.5. Solution A= 60, n= 15; VAFb=i +1, 60° +5 = 45° + 45°38 = 90°- 60" = 30° Mlustration 33. A prism of refractive index 1.53 is placed in water of refractive index 1,33. Ifthe angle of prism is (60°, calculate the angle of minimum deviation in weter. (sin 35.1° = 0.575) Solution Here, “4, = 1.33, 4, = 1.53, A = 60%, 8, =? ont tS 2 sin ay A 60" xsin = 1.15sin © = 057% ig Xsin 5 = 1.15sin = 0575 (0.575) = 35.1° 35.1 x 2-60 = 10.2" 10.0 DISPERSION OF LIGHT ao ‘When white ight is incident on a prism then itis splitted into seven colours. This phenomenon is known as dispersion. Prism introduces different refractive index with different wavelength Asfigg =(W-IAY Ay > hy SO thy > He Byam > SacerJEE-Physics 40.4 Angular dispersion ao luis the diference of ange of deviation for violet colour and red colour Angulerdispession 0 = 8,—3y = iy ~DA~(tp~ HA = (Hy) A it depends on prism material and on the angle of prism 0 = (i, Hy JA engin 8 10.2 Dispersive Power (0) ao Itis ratio of angular dispersion (0) to mean colour deviation (5,) Dispersive power ¢y = 2 2s «y= Wy =HaJA _ Hy He gy = Hy = a fy-DA w= ee Retciveinderotmeancoour_ t= #223 pee pauerdepends ont on theta fhe im, 40.3 Combination of prism ag Deviation without dispersion (8 = 0°) “Two or moe than ho thin prism ere combined in sucha hatdevion couse emergent ihre ales wihincden igh but spesion does not occur.e., lights not splitted into seven colours. Tota dispersion 0 = 0, +0, = (ty —byA+ (hiy-a iA Forno dispersion @ = 0; (4, ~uglA + (n'y HA’ oy =H Bye ve sign indicates that prism angles are in opposite direction. Dispersion without deviation (8 =0°) “Two or more than two prisms combine in such a way that dispersion tL ‘occurs Le, light is splited into seven colours but deviation co not ‘occur Le., emergent light ray becomes parallel to incident light ray Total deviation 5=6, 45. Therefore, A B= 0: (LAA + (IDA ve sign indicates that prism angles are in opposite direction. Illustrations Mlustration 34, White light is passed through a prism of ance 5°. If the refractive indices for red and blue colours are (641 and 1.659 respectively, calculate the angle of dispersion between them. Solution, As or small angle of prism 8 = (u~ 1)A, 1.6591) x 5° =3.295° and 8, = (1.641 -1) x 5, = 3.295" -3.205° = 0,090° 205° 0}IMlustration 35. Prism angle of a prism is 10°. Their refractive index for red and violet color is 1.51 and 1.52 respectively. Then find the dispersive power. 1.524151 2 2 515 sontion —_Dpesvepoercte © (2+ ot = 019 IMlustration 36. “The refractive indices of flint glass for red and violet colours are 1.644 and 1.664, Caleulate its dispersive power. Solution Here, 1, = 1.644, 4, = 1.664, 0 =? +H, _ 1664+ 1.644 . hs = LOS 1.654 wet 1.664-1.644 1684-1 = 0.0305 IMlustration 37. In a certain spectrum produced by a glass prism of dispersive power 0.031, it was found tht (645 and p, = 1.665. What is the refractive index for yellow colour? Solution Here, © = 0.081, w, = 1.645 n, = 1.665, 14, a thy = 0.645 +1 = 1.645 Mustration 38. A combination of two prisms, one of flint and other of crown glass produces dispersion without deviation. The angle of int glass prism is 15°. Calculate the angle of crown glass prism and angular ispersion of red and viole. (ut for crown glass = 1.52, x for fint glass = 1.65, o for crown glass 0.20, for fin glass = 0.03) Solution Here, A= 87,8" = ?,0 = 008, o' = 002, = 1.65, y= 1.52, Forno deviation, 6 + 5 = 0 yoda + I-A = 0 165-5" + (152-A'= Osa = SESE - 8.75" ‘Negative sign indicates that two prisms must be joined in opposition. Net angular dispersion (yA + (Hy BDA’ = of 1)A ¢ 0 (nT) ='0.08 (1.65 ~ 1)15° + 0.02 (1.52 ~ 1) (18.757 = 0.2925 - 0.195 = 0.0975" 10.4Chromatic Al an “The image of objectin white light formed by alens ts usually colored and blurred. This defect of image scaled chromatic ‘aberration and arises due to the fact that focal length of a lens is diferent for different colors, For a single lens white lah ration 1 t 11 it) 2-7 fond a fess marina o Violet while minimum for red, violet is focused nearest to the lens while red farthest from it. Itis defect of lens. Longitudinal or Axial Chromatic Aberration When a white object 0 issituated on the axis of a len, then images of different colors are formed at diferent pointwalong the axis. The formation of images of different colorsat different positionsis called axial orlongit= inal chromatic eberration, The axial distance between the red and the violet images I,~ly is known as rongitudinal aberzation. When white light is incident on lens, image is obtained at ifferent point on the axis ‘pecatise focal length of lens depend an wavelength, { =f, > fy fg~fy = of, = Axial or longitudinal chromatic aberration Ifthe object isa infinity then the longitudinal chromatic aberration is equa tothe difference in focal-lengths (Gg-4y) for the red and the violet revs atJEE-Physies isterl chromate aberaion 1 bret temiteninn [25] ‘produced by the lens also varies from color to color. Therefore, for a finite-size white object AB, the images of diferent colors formed by the lens are of diferent sizes The formation of images of different colors in different sizes is called lateral chromatic aberzation. The dliference in the height ofthe red image B, A, and the violet image By A, is known as lateral chromatic aberration. LCA = hy hy 10.6 Achromatism an |ftwo or more lens combined together in such way that this combination produce image ata same point then ‘his combination isknown as achromatic combination of lenses. BEGINNER'S BOX-6 Prism 1. Theisen ptm eA ntti penict Teangeo ‘minimum deviation is- (a) 180° 3, (B) 180° + 28, (C904 (0) 180°- 24, { 2. The prism shown in the figure has one side sivered. The angle of the prism is A q 30° and 4. V2. What shouldbe angle of incenc, if the Incident ray "Ef retraces its intial path ; (a) 50° (Bas j (yoo (075° : 3. Foran equilateral prism, itis observed that when ary sikesgrazingly atone face it emerges grzingly atthe other. is refractive index wll be:- j 2 : ae eR 2 (D) data not sufficient k i}‘A ray of monochromatic light is incident on one refracting face ofa prism of angle 75°. It passes through the prism andis incident on the other face atthe critical angle. Ifthe refractive index of the material of the prisms 12, the angle of incidence on the frst face ofthe prism is (a)30° (B45? (C60? (De A ptism of refractive index /2 has refracting angle 60°. Answer the following questions (a) In order that a ray suffers minimum deviation it should be incident at an angle (a) 45° (B) 90" (30° (D) none () Angle of minimum deviation is (ay4se (B)90" (c) 30° {D)none {c) Angle of maximum deviation is. (ayas® (B) sin’? (2 sin 5°) (C) 30° + sin’! ( /2 sin15°) (D)none ‘When light rays are incident on a prism at an angle of 45°, the minimum deviation is obtained. If refractive index of the material of prism is J/2 , then the angle of prism will be (aya0" (B)40" (so oer “The ratio of angle of minimum deviation of athin prism in air and when dipped in water willbe (1, = 3/2 and n= 43) (ays (B)2 (4s (ya 41.0 OPTICAL INSTRUMENTS 411.1 simple microscope a ‘When object is placed between focus and optical centre a virtual, magnified and erect image is formed visual angle with instrument (B) Mognifyingpower (MP) = Fraximum visual angle for unaided eve (a) > MP (When the image is formed at infinity: Laila dl by lens equation (i) Ifthe image is at minimum distance of clear vision D : a) Muliphyingby D both the sides P= 1+ D ype 1.2 u tJEE-Physics — SS Tilustrations Mlustration 39. A man with normal near point 25 cm reads a book with smallprint using @ mognifying glass, thin convex lens of focal lenath Sem. {a} Whatisthe closest and farthest distance at which he can read the book when viewing through the magnifying lass? (©) Whatisthe maximum and minimum MP possible using the above simple microscope ? Solution (6) Asfornormal eye far and near point are and 25 em respectively, 0 for magnifier v, 1 f 1 ord Ya = 25 cm. Howeves for alensas y= FY" ETE Sou will be minimum when 5 =(5725) minimum = -25 em ie (Wain = ‘Ansu will be maximum when v = maximum = 22 ie, Ey” So the closest and farthest distance ofthe book from the magnifier (or eye) for clear viewing are 4.17 cm and 5 em respectively (6) Asin case of simple magnifier MP = (Dju). So MP will be minimum when u = max = § em and MP will be maximum when u = min = (25/6) em 11.2 Compound Microscope an Compound ricroscope isused io get more magnified image. Objects placed infont of cbjvcive lens and image 'sseen through eye piece. The aperture of objective lens is ass as compare to exe piece because object is very near so collection of more light is not required. Generally object is placed between F ~ 2F due lo this a teal inverted and magnified images formed between 2F —. Its known as intermediate image A'B. The intermediate image act as a object for eye piece. Now the distance between both the lens are adjusted in such a way that intermediate image falls between the optical centre of eye piece and itsfocus, In this condition, the final image is virtual, inverted and magnified. object lens xtemnnennnnn gran ent object ‘otal magnifying power = Linear magnification x angular magnification MP = my, When final image is formed at minimum, distance of distinct vision, soatfieP]e ee Length of the tube = vy + |u| 144}ical Instruments ALLEN Ray Optics & O} 1 Tee 1ailili (@) When final image is formed atinfiniy y-~ "Fa * ae ipedanda cere +ve, ‘Sign convention for solvingnumerical uy = -ve, vy = +ve, f ve, v,=-ve,f,=+ve, mj =—ve, m, = +ve,M= Illustrations Hlustration 40. A thin convex lens of focal length 5 cm is used as a simple microscope by a person with normal near point (25 cm). What is the magnifying power of the microscope ? Soliton Hoe, {= Sem 0 = 280m, =? MP=1+ 2126 Illustration 41. A compound microscope consists of an abjective lens of focal length 2.0 em and an eye piece of {focal length 6.25 cm, separated by a distance of 15 cm, How far from the objective should an object bbe placed in order to obtain the final image at (a) the least distance of distinct vision (25 em) (b) infinity? Solution Here, y= 20cm; f, = 625m, uy lili (@) vy=-25em~ 1ilili 1 _-1-4_ +5 2a "y E708 6257 25 “25 7M Sem As distance between objective and eye piece = 15m; vy = 15-5 = 10cm 1idla.a_1 44 1-5, _-10 Ve Us To PG vo f,,D]10f,, 25) Mogibingpone = [1+ P| =3 fas Ze ]-20 ©) y= aus h=625an 2 vy= 18-625 =8.75em. 111i 11 12-875, By hae DO" Ts Magisioapower= 7s|1+ {11.3 Astronomical Telescope ao 15JEE-Physics A telescope is used to see distant object, objective lens forms the image AB atts focus. This image A'B' acts as a object for eyepiece and itforms final image A’B" vp ~ wstal angle with instrument (8), yp . Lia =h) ‘visual angle for unaided eye (ct) a 0 i) f so up=-f--tfe§] Length ofthe be is L = fy + ug a Compound ~ Microscope = ‘Astronomical - Telescope 1, Ris edo iense Vaal ange of ear | 1, | Fs wed fo erease val ange of tart tay be large obese Zine and eas EA are |B, rf cece Tee Wo ge foal nah convergent, of show fa lngth and fd aperite whe eye les of shot fa pee icin and. aparure and bath ae convert S| Bead Wess Bod oral and 8 ial rage ered al an coed enlarged and ata detanceD fo fom a aduane Dio rom the fheeve I [MP doa not change aperesath Ta | Paco 170 tne os aad ae Chive and eye lve are orchanged 1 "Sieche and” eje-kemer ae as [MP ~ (LD /1, t)] interchanged as MP ~ {f, / {| 5. [Pi heres by deceaing fe Toad |S. —[WP Ws Iceasod by inceashg the Toad length of both the lenses. length of objective lens and by decreasing thao inh of epee 6 [RP crea by cecang Te 6 [RP inresed by increasing We opeTe vent fg ue of cbeche ap Bia i Illustrations IMlustration 42. A smal felescope has an objective lens of focal length 144 em and an eyepiece of focal length 6.0 en, Whats the magnifying power ofthe telescope ? What's the separation between the objective ‘end the eyepiece? When final image is formed at infinity Solution Hera, f, = 144 em; f, = 6.0m, MP = ?, L | i i i } i ! £24 and fy +f, = 144 + 6.0 = 150.0cmMlustration 43. Diameter of the moon is 3.5 x 10° km and its distance from earth is 3.8 x 10° km, Itis seen by a telescope whose objective and eyepiece have focal lengths 4m and 10cm respectively, What will the angular diameter of the image of the moon. &_ 400 Solution MP=-7#=-15°=-40 Ange subended bythe moon a the objective 3.510" = 3500" | 0.009 radian “Thus enguler diameter of the image = MP x visual ange = 40 x 0,009 = 0.36 radian _ 0.36180 aie 3.14 Mlustration 44. A telescope consisting of an cbjective of focal length 60 cm and a single-lens eyepiece of focal Solution lenati 5 cm is focussed ata distant object in such a way that parallel rays emerge from the eye piece Ifthe object subtends an angle of 2 at the objective, then find the angular width of the image. 60 oye xB a2w Mustration 45. The focal lengths of the objective and the eve piece of an astronomical telescope are 60 em and 5 ‘em respectively. Calculate the magnifying power and the length of the telescope when the final image is formed at (i) infinity, (li) least distance of distinct vision (25 em) Solution (i) When the final image is at infinity, then 50 Baniingh tie wane Get 1O +5 Aperture « 7-—~—.... (ii) ‘perlure (number From equation (i) and (i) = Time of exposure «({-number}® Mlustration 46. Solution Mlustration 47. Solution Mlustration 48, Solution Mlustration 49. Solution Illustrations 5 1 With diaphregm ofthe camera lens set at 5, the correct exposure ime is 7p, then with dia- aroma tle acre een tne he = ty Tend yet exposuretime (oerturey | (f/2) (E/al 1 ty 16 4 hawt igsthen «BB nd ty tt = hoe ‘A good photographic prints obtained by an exposure of two seconds ata distance of 20 em from the lamp. Calculate the time of exposure required to get an equally good result at a distance of, 40cm. ‘We know that the intensity of ight varies inversely asthe (distance). When distance is doubled, the intensity becomes one-fourth. So, the time of exposure should be four times. Hence, time of exposure =2x 4=85 Photograph of the ground are taken from an aircraft, ying at an altitude of 2000 m, by a camera, witha lens of focal length 50 em. The sizeof the fm in the camera is 18 em x 18 cm. What area ofthe ground can be photographed by this camera at any one time, Ase = 200m, = 0500.0 fom koa 2 14 “057 2000 “tal “05°” 2000 > v= 05m =50em =f 4.10 sol, [Now asin case of a lens, m= 7 18cm 18em [avajxa0*f (720 m = 720 mm) The proper exposure time fora photographic prints 20 at a distance of 0.6 m from a 40 candle powerlamp, Howlong will you expose the same printata distance of 1.2 mfroma20 candle power lamp? Incase of camera, forproperexposure 1D, = Dy & 40 xh Sogn rs : As here Dis constant and I = (Li); 7 * 4 ad ata a2fey Opikcs & Opti Intron Ilustration 80. A person can not see clearly an object kept ata distance beyond of 100 em. Find the nature and the power of lens to be used for seeing clearly the object at infinity, Solution __Forlens w= ~spand and v= ~ 100cm wAhitet =100em (concave) reverts P=} Illustration 51. A for sighted person has near pon! of60 cm. What power lens shouldbe usefor ee asses such thatthe person can read this book at a distance of25 em. Solution Here = -60 mn, u = -25.em tite ~~ 60" 25 14 “aw G8 Optical Instrument and Defect of Eye 1. Anormal eye is not able to see objects closer than 25 em because (A) the focal length of the eye is 25 em (B) the distance of the retina from the eye-lens is 25 em {C) the eye is not able to decrease the distance between the eye-lens and the retina beyond alimit (D) the eye is not able to decrease the focal length beyond a limi. 2. Aman wearingglasses of focal length +1m cannot clearly see beyond 1 m (A) ihe is farsighted (B) fhe isnearsighted (C)ithis vision is normal (D) in each of these cases. 3, Toincrease the angular magnification of a simple microscope, one should increase (A) the focal length ofthe lens. (B) the power ofthe lens (C) the aperture ofthe lens (D) the objectsize. 4. The focal length of the objective of a compound microscope is f, end its distance from the eyepiece is L. The objects placed at a distance u from the objective. For proper working ofthe instrument, (a)Lu (4, %, [A simple microscope is rated & X for a normal relaxed eye. What wil be its magnifying power fora relaxed farsighted eye whose near point is 40.cm ? “The eyepiece of an astronomical telescope has a focal length of 10 em. The telescope is focused for nonnal vision of distant objects when the tube length is 1.0.m. Find the focal length ofthe objective and the magnifying power of the telescope. |A Galilean telescope is27 em long when focused to form an image at infinity. Ifthe objective has a focal length ‘of 30 cm, what isthe focal length of the eyepiece? ‘Thenear potnt and the far point ofa child are at 10.cm and 100 cm. Ifthe retina is 2.0 cm behind the eve -lens, what isthe range of the power of the eye-lens ?GOLDEN KEY POINTS © Rectilinear propagation of light :In a homogeneous transparent medium light travlsin straight line © When @ rays incident normally on a boundary after reflection it retraces is path. 1020 plane mirror concave mirror convex mirror ‘The frequency, wavelength and speed does not change on reflection, © Eyeismostly sensitive for yellow colour and least sensitive for violet and red colour. Due to this reason + Commercial vehicle's are painted with yellow colour * Sodium lamps (yellow colour) are used in road lights. © Differences in real & virtual tage for spherical mirror Real Image Virtual Image (Inverted wt. object (i) Erect wat, object i) Can be obtained on sereen (i) Cannotbe obtained on screen (ii) ts magnification isnegative (ii) ts magnification is positive (iv) Formsin front of mirror (iv) Formsbehind the mirror © Forreal extended object, if the image formed by a single mirror is eect itis ahways virtual (.e,amis + ve} and.in this situation ifthe size of image is: Larger than objet the nitro is concave ‘Smaller than object the | Equal to object the introef convex intro is plone mi ™ © Convex mirrors gives erect, virtual and diminished image, In convex miror the field of view is increased as compared to plane mitror. tis used 2s rear-view mirror in vehicles. © Concave mirrors give enlarged, erect and virtual image, so these are used by dentists for examining teeth. Due to their converging property concave mirrors are also used as reflectors in automobile head lights and search lights © Asfocal length of spherical mirrorf=R/2 depends only on the radius of mirror 4 =2 & 0 = 60" at point P: 0 = 90° = 2 sin60” = ysin90® = V3 Mlustration 5. ‘Array of ligt s incident along a vector { + jj on a plane minor lying in y-z plane. The unit vector along the reflected ray can be +i-k @ “ ‘Ana. (C.D) Solution According to law of reflection # = ijk, ai 3 8 IMlustration 6. ‘A ray of light is incident in situation as shown in figure. Which of the following statements is/are true? (A) If up= 3.2 then the angle of deviation is zero (B) lf wz= 28 then the angle of deviation is 60° (C) H n,=1.8 then the angle of deviation is 120° (D) #4, =1.8 then the angle of deviation is 60° (ec) p dy sin 30? =ppsin6 = jy sin®,=> 2-H, sind =2 sind, => 0, =90° and 1, >2JEE-Physics For ty < 2, TIR will take place at first surface, pie Mlustration 7. ‘Aish lies at the bottom of a 4m deep water lake. A bird fies 6 m above the water surface and refractive index cof waters 4/3. Then the distance between (A) Bird and image of fsh is 9 m (observed by bird) _(B) Fish and image of bird is 12 m (observed by fish) (C) Fish and image of bird is 8m (observed by ish] _(D) Fish and image of bird is 10m (observed by fish) ‘Ans. (AB) ‘Solution Fora bird, fish appears 3 m below the water surface and for fish, bird appears 9m above the surface. lustration 8. Aplane mirror and an object has speeds of 5 m/s and 10 m/s respectively. Ifthe motion of mirror and objects along the normal ofthe mirvor then the speed of image may be : (A) O mis (B)10 ms (C)20ms (D)25 mis ‘Ans. (AC) Solution Casel Case It ~15i,8,, = #151 =v, = 20m" Caselt Fama T= 15k, =15i 3 v, = 20ms" sms Case1V Tok [ Sig = HSI <9 vy =O ms (£5) -(410)| = 20 or O m/s Mlustration 9 to 11. ray of light traveling with a speed c leaves point 1 shown in figure and is reflected to point2. The ray srkes the reflecting surface ata distance x from point 1. According to Fermat's principle of least lime, among.all possible paths between two points, the one actually taken by a ray of light i that for which the time taken is the least (In fact there are some cases in which the time taken by @ ray is maximum rather than a minimum). 9. Find the time for the ray to reach from point 1 to point 2. oy FEE fea ve ws %+% ) 4}-Fatal Rey Op s & Optical Instruments 10. Under what co (A) 6, =6, (C)Y=Yp (D) all of these 111. Which ofthe following statement i in accordance with Ferma’ principle {A) Atay es it moves from one point to another after reflection takes shorest possible path {B) A ray as it moves from one point to another after reflection takes longest possible path {(C) A ray as it moves from one point to another takes shortest posible time {D)A ay asit moves fom one point o another takes longest posse time Solution 9) Ans. (A) istance v2 +x’ +yle-x) + Ye =e ve i inet = Soage = EAT ony NE ‘10. Ans. (A) at 2x 2(¢-x) Forleast tine ft a0 2 pees I 2 0 sino, = sind, 90, =, & VE? (axf +E % 11. Ans. (A) Ilustration 12 to 14. ‘One hard and stormy night you find yourself ost in the forest when you come upon a small hut. Enteringit you seen crocked old woman in the comer hunched over a cystal ball. You are about to make ahasy et when sou hear the howl of wolves outside. Taking another look at the aypsy you decide to take your chances wth the roles bulthe doorisjammed shut Resigned oa bad ation you approach her dow, wondering just what isthe focal length ofthat nifty cyst bal 12, ifthe exytal balls 20 cm in diameter with RI, = 1.5, the gypey lady Is 1.2 m ffom the ball, where is the image of the gypsy in focus as you walk towards her? (8) 69 cm from the ental ball (B) 7.9 cm from the exystal ball (C) 89 em from the ental ball (D) None of these 18, The image of old lady is (A) real, inverted and enlarged (B) erect, viral and small (C) erect, virtual and magnified (D) real iavered and small 14°, The old lady moves the crystal ball loser to her wrinkled old face. At some point you can no longer get an image of het At what object distance will there be no change of the gypsy formed? (A) 10cm. (B) 5 cm (C) 15 cm {(D) None of these Solution 12. Ans. (A) 151 Yy Forrercton at 1 surface =~ 95 \ Lay (2) Tar for refraction at 2"! surface [13. Ans. (0) { : vw, (bw) _¥ 4 Tottmaguteaton = mmy= (I Jt, F146, Ans. ®) i ‘Athis point image wil formed at infinity 1151-15 | orrefraction at second surface =~ =, =-B0em i 15 For refraction a fist surface 55Mlustration 15. coat Steel Column Column-tl (A) FGisparallel to BC () Maximum deviation 8) = (Q) Minimum deviation © yeu (2) pacts (0) _EFisperpendicularto AB (8) NoTIRwilltake place at surface BC ‘Ans. (A) QS, (B) PS, (C) QS, (D) S Solution Alminimumdeviaion i =f, EF|Bc; _Atmaximum deviation i, = 90° or ip=90" Fori, =0, TIR will not take place at AC Mlustration 16. ‘Columan-I contains a lst of minors and postion of object. Match this wth Column-lIdescrbing the nature ofimage. Column I Column It ) F (P) real, inverted, enlarged (B) (Q) virtual, erect, enlarged © (R) virtual, erect, diminished (S) virtual, erect tthe ‘Ans. (A) P; (B) RS; (C) § (D) QS senay Opto Opie nga Mlustration 17. ‘Aird in aris diving vertically vera tank with speed 5 ems, base of tanks, silvered. A fish inthe tankis ising upward along the same line with speed ems. Water levels falling at rate of 2 mis. (Take: Hy, = 4/3) Column I (em/s) Column It (A) Speed of the image offish as seen by the bird directy (PB (B) Speed of the image of fish formed after reflection in (6 the mirror as seen by the bird (©). Speed of image of bird elatve tothetfish looking upwards (R) 3 {D) Speed of image of bird relative tothe fish looking 64 downwardsin the minor Ans. (A) Q ; (B) R; (C)P (D) S Solution Distance of fish asseen by bird xq = Distance of Bird as seen by fish Kad By differentiating “3 7 -(2) (3) 4+ (Sos 8em aa ini nme 0}59' 24 Sine Sed) speed of image of bird => 4 cm/s Maer Inthe shown figure the focal length of equivalent system in aetomt (2) rset Ans. 2 SolutionJEE-Physics ANSWERS BEGINNER'S BOX-1 EC! 2.8 3) 4.8) 5B 6.1 7.4 BEGINNER'S BOX-2 1ABC 2B 3.c 4c 5.5 6.1) 7.0) 8.0) BEGINNER'S BOX.3 LB 2c 3.c aa 6A BEGINNER'S BOX.4 1.8 2c BA 4c 5. BEGINNER'S BOX-5 LB 2c 3c 4A 5A 6.4 7.8 8c BEGINNER'S BOX-6 10) 28) = 3.¢ 4B BA MICKIC 60) 7.0) BEGINNER'S BOX.7 LD 2D 3.8 4.8 5.8X — 6,90em,9 8.+60Dt0+51DBaas hay Opts & Optio Instruments (Cece a 2s s:] 2 ° SINGLE CHOICE CORRECT QUESTIONS ‘Two plane mirrors M, and M, are inclined to each other at 70°. A ray incident on the mirror M, at an angle @ falls on M, and is then reflected parallel to M, for (aye=a5° (B)0=50" (c)o=55" ©) eon ‘A mirror is inclined at an angle of 0 withthe horizontal. If ray of lights incident at an angle @ as shown, then the angle made by reflected ray with the horizontal is, fam (aye (B)26 8 > (D)zer0 A bird is fying with a velocity v between two long vertical plane mirrors making ‘an angle 0 with minor M, as shown. Then what will be the relative velocity of approach between the images formed by the mirrors due to the 1st reflection in ‘each of them (A) vsine (B) 2usine (C) Qvsind+L) (D)zer0 “The distance of an object from a spherical mirvoris equal to the focal length ofthe mirror. Then the image: (A) must be at infinity (B) may beat infinity (C) may beat the focus __{D) none “The x-2 plane separates two media A and B of refractive indices 4, = 1.5 and u, = 2. Arey of light travels from Ato B. Its directions in the two media are given by unit vectors, =ai+bj and i, =ci +d). Then 4 a3 bl4 b_3 Binz g-3 577 we 3 ‘Alinear object of length 10 em lies horizontally along the axis of a concave mirror of focal length 15 em with its nearer end lying ata distance of 18cm from the mirror. The size ofthe image will be ()27.7 em (8) 32.3.om (C)55.4.cm (D)57.7em Bottom face of the glass cube is silvered as shown . A ray of light is incident con topface of the cube as shown. Find the deviation ofthe ray when it comes out of the glass cube. (a) 0 (B) 90° (c) 180° (0) 270° ‘A ray of light travels from an optical denser medium to rarer medium . The critical ange for the two media is C. ‘The maximum possible deviation ofthe refracted lightray can be (a) x-¢ 2c {C) x-2c OF ‘An object is immersed in a fluid. In order that the object becomes invisible, if should. (A) behave as a perfect reflection {B) absorb all light falling on it (C) have refractive index one (D) have refractive index exactly matching with that of the surrounding fluid10. A light ray is incident on a transparent sphere of index= /9 , at an angle of incidence = 45° . What is the Hy > Hg. A \wide, parallel beam of ligt is incident on the lens from the left. The lens will give rise to (A) a single convergent beam (B) two different convergent beams (C) two different divergent beams (D)a convergent and a divergent beam, 13. _Opticaxis ofa thin equiconvex lens isthe x-axis. The coordinates ofa point object and its image are (-40.cm, 1 cm) and (50 cm, ~2 em) respectively Lensis located at- (A) x= + 20cm (8)x=-30em (C)x=-10em () origin 14. Apoint object 0 is placed at a distance of 20 em froma convex lens of focal length 10 cm as shown in figure. At what distance x from the lens should a concave mirror of focal length 60 em, be placed so that final Image coincides with the object (A) 10 em (B) 15 em (C) 20cm (D) final image can never coincide with the object in the given conditions 15. What s the minimum value of d for which final image and object are at the same place 20am f=10em ° +-200n—We—a + { (4)30 em (B)40em (200m 80cm 3 i 16. Two lenses of focal length 20 em and ~10 cm are in contact, then focal lenath of combination is : (A)20 cm (B)-20 em. (€)30 em (D)-10 em j 17. A point object is kept at the first focus of a convex lens. Ifthe lens : starts moving towerds right with a constant velocity, the image wll v5 (A) always move towards ight object t (B) always move towards let F } (C) first move towards right & then towards left 2 (D) first move towards left & then towards right. : —{i60}Ray Optics & Optical Instruments 18. Abcam of light consisting of ed, green end blue andisincident on a right angled prism. The refractive index 19. 21. 22. 23. ofthe material of the prism for the above red, green and blue wavelengths are 1,39, 1.44 and 1.47 respectively. The prism will- (A) separate part ofthe red color from the green and blue colors (B) separate part ofthe blue color from the red and green colors = (C) separate all the three colors from the other two colors (D) not separate even partially, any colors from the other two colors 455 ‘A beam of monochromatic light is incident at i = 50° on one face of an equilateral prism, the angle of emergence is 40°, then the angle of minimum deviation is (ay3o" (B) <30° (C)<30° (D}230° A thin transparent hollow equilateral prism filled with a liquid of refrative index u produces minimum devietion (of 60°to the path of an incident ray. The value of jis a7 (B)1.85 (o.45 wise A convex lens is made up of three different materials as shown in the figure. For a point object placed on its ‘axis, the number of images formed are (ayn (Bs (4 3 [Apoint object © is placed in front of a glass rod having spherical end of radius of curvature 30 cm. The image ‘would be formed at Oar f Glass 15 cm, 30cm—> (A) 30 em left (B) Infinity (C)1emtotheright —_(D) 18cm tothe left {A plano-convex lens is made of refractive index of 1.6. The radius of curvature of the curved surface is 60 em, ‘The focal length of the lens is (A) 400 em (B) 200 cm (C)100cm (0) 50cm 764Pa ae Essentially To be Discussed in Class Seen {imarvuscinescoenee ewerpen 1 pln ier et Rhee — (A) the angle between the minors is 60° (B) the number of images formed by this system will be 5, if an object is placed symmetrically between the mirrors (C) the number of images will be 5 if an object is kept unsymmetrical between the mirrors (D) aray will reace its path after 2 successive reflections, ifthe angle of incidence on one mirror is 60° Ifthe equation of mirror is given by y = 2in sinnx (y > 0, 0x1) then find the point on which horizontal ray should be incident so that the ¥ teflected ray become perpendicular tothe incident ray w( 3) » (84) © G 4) ©) 0) 3. Inthe fig. shown consider the first reflection at the plane mitror and second at the convex mirror. AB is object. (A) the second image is real and inverted with magnification 1/5 (B) the second image is virtual and erect with magnification 1/5 (C) the second image moves towards the convex mirror (D) the second image moves away from the convex minror 4. The figure shows a ray incident on a plane boundary at an angle: x18. The plot drawn shows the variation rn of | r= i] versus 1)" = k (r= angle of refraction). Choose the comect alternative. 2 value of ky Is ae (A) The value of ys J a al (8) The value of 8, i W6 te 4 (©) The value of, is 2/3 (D) The value of kis 1 5. An cbjectOiskeptinfront ofa conversing lens of focal length 30 om Ste behind which there is @ plane miror at 15 cm from the lens (A) The final image is formed at 60 cm from thelenstowardstightofit, og (D) The final image is virtual Tes. zc ez i } | i | i t i6. Forthe refraction of light through a prism (A) For every angle of deviation there are two angles of incidence {B) Thelight travelling inside an equilateral prism isnecessally parallel tothe base when prism issetfor minimum deviation (C) There are two angles of incidence for maximum deviation {D) Angle of minimum deviation wil increase if refractive index of prism (ip is increased keeping the refractive index of the outside medium (j,) unchanged ifn > Hs. SECTION - 2 : COMPREHENSION BASED QUESTIONS (SINGLE CHOICE CORRECT QUESTION) ‘Comprehension-1 ‘A point object is placed on principal axis of a concave mirror (of focal length 15 cm) ata distance u = 61 em from pole. A slab of thickness t = 3 cm and refractive index jt = 1.5 is placed with two sides perpendicular to principal axis, such that its nearest face is x, cm from pole. The final image of object is to be considered after refraction by slab, reflection by mirror and final refraction by slab. f=150m object 30 om, then the distance of final image from pole is - B21 (C23 (Dy 24 8. Ifthe slab is shifted parallel to itself by 3 cm then the final image (A) shifts towards left (B) shifts towards right (C) may shifts towards left or right (D) does not shift 9. fx, = 30.cmand the object is given velocity 18 mis towatds left then the speed of image at that instant is (A) 2 ms (8) 6 ms (C)9 mis (D) 162 mis Comprehension-2 ‘There is aspherical glass ball of refractive index jt, and another glass ball of refractive index Hy inside it as shown in figure. The radius of the outer ball is R, and that of inner ball is Rp. A ray is incident fon the outer surface of the ball af an angle i, 10. Find the value of, (a) on'(24) 8) sin'(u, sin) (C50 ( ant, 11, Find the value ofi, af Rasim R, sin Ry sin i (a) sia (Ra wm" ) os Rt 12, Find the value of, an*( Bean) sn '( Besos) csm( Seat sin woe '( gaan) ese'( ase) "| cRa) ©JEE-Physics ALLE [ EXERCISE -3 | JEE-ADVANCED EXERCISE Essentially To Be Discussed in lass isi} SECTION - 1: NUMERICAL ANSWER BASED QUESTIONS ‘Aballoon is ising up along the axis ofa concave mirror of radius of curvature 20m. A ballis dropped from the balloon ata height 15m from the mirror when the balloon has velocity 20 m/s. Find the speed (in misec:} of the ‘image ofthe ball formed by concave mirror aftr 4 seconds ? [Take : q = 10 m/s") tiny air bubble inside a glass slab appears tobe 6 cm deep when viewed from one side and 4 em deep when viewed from the other side, Assuming}. = 372. Find the thickness of sla (in cm). ‘Afish is rising up vertically inside a pond with velocity 4 cm/s and notices a bird, which is diving vertically downward and its velocity appears to be 16 cm/s (to the fish). What isthe real velocity of the diving bird, iftefractive index of water is 4/3. ‘An object is placed at a distance of 10 em to the left on the axis of a convex lens A of focal length 20 em. A second convex lens of focal length 10 cm is placed co-axially tothe right of the lens A at adistance of 5 om from x ‘A. Then magnification of an objects 3. Find X. ‘A lens placed between a candle and a screen forms a real triply magnified image of the candle on the screen, When the lens is moved away from the candle by 0.8 m without changing the position of the candle, a real image one-third the size ofthe candle is formed on the screen . Determine the focal length of the lens, SECTION - 2 : MATRIX - MATCH QUESTIONS Four rays of light above the optic axis (parallel to it) and thelr path after stiking an optical system are shown in column-I. Match the corresponding optical instrument rom column-I Column-t Column-t a) BN () Convextens 8 x (@ Concavetens qo T™\ (9) Convex mizoe Oo or (3) Concave mirror Colurnn-II shows the optical phenomenon that can be associated with optical components given in column. Note that column! may have more than one matching options in column-U Column-t1 Column-It (A) Convex minor (b) Dispersion (8) Converginglens (@) Deviation (©. Thinprism (©) Realimage of real object ©) Giassstab (6) Virtual images ofreal object Consider the following diagram representing magnitude of magnification against image distance for a conver lens Column -1 Column - It (A) Focal length of the lens (p) Inverse of slope ofline. | (B) Intercept on x-axis (Unity (C)_ Intercept on y-axis () Focallength = (D) Magnitude ofslope of theline(s) __{s)_Inverse of the focal length.Lene Ray Optics & Optical Instruments | EXERCISE - 4(A) | PREVIOUS YEARS AIEEE/JEE (MAIN)-FUNDAMENTAL LEVEL Essay ToBe Discussed in iss > x ‘Astudent measures the focal length of a convex lens by putting an object pin ata distance ‘u' from the lens and ‘measuring the distance 'v' ofthe image pin. The graph between ‘u’ and ‘v’ plotted by the student should look ike [AIEEE - 2008) Mem) vem) dem) Mam) oZ| ak, @) 4. 4 IN Tilem) Ol tilem} Tic) ue) ‘A ccaris fitted with a convex side-view minor of focal length 20 cm. A second car 2.8 m behind the fist car is ‘overtaking the first carat a relative speed of 15 m/s. The speed of the image of the second car as seen in the mirror of the fist one is:- [AIEEE- 2011] 1 1 (1)10ms (2)15 mis (gms 4) ggm/s When monochromatic red light is used instead of blue light in a convex len, its focal length will [AIEEE- 2011] (1) Does not depend on colour of ight (2) Increase (@)Decrease (4) Remain same ‘A.beam of ight consisting of red, green and blue colouus is incident on a right-angled prism on face AB, The refractive indices ofthe material for the above red, green and blue wavelength are 1.39, 1.44 and 1.47 respectively {A person looking on surface AC of the prism wil see [JEE(Main) 2012, Online] (I) red and green colours +h (2)Nolight a = (8) green and blue colours me (4)red colour only 78 . A telescope of aperture 3 x 10% m diameter is focused on a window at 80 m distance fitted with a wire mesh of spacing 2 x 10° m= (Given : 3. = 5.5 x 107 m, which ofthe following is irue for observing the mesh through the telescope?) [JEE(Main) 2012, Online} (1) Yes, itis possible with the same aperture size (2) no, itisnot posible (3) possible also with an aperture half the present diameter (6) given datais not scent Which ofthe following processes play a part in the formation ofa rainbow? [JEE(Main) 2012, Online] (@) refraction (b) total internal reflection (c)cispersion (d) interference (a, bande (2) aandb ()eandd (@)a,bandd The graph between angle of deviation (8) and angle of incidence (i fora triangular prism istepresented by [JEE (Main) 2013} Edn du dv 1JEE-Physics 8 10. uw. 12. 13. 4 -f1- Diameter of aplano-convex lenss Gem and thicknes atthe centre is 3mm. I'spee of light in materia of ens 12 x 10* ms the focal length ofthe lens s [JE (Main) 2013] (1) 15em (2)20em (3)30em (4)10em Light is incident from a medium into air at two possible angles of incidence (a) 20° and (b) 40" Inthe medium, light travels 3.0 cm in 0.2 ns. The ray will [JEE(Main) 2013, Online] (0) Suffer total internal reflection in both cases (a) and (b) (2) Suffer total intemal reflection in case (b) only (8) have partial reflection and partial transmission in case (b) (4) have 100 % transmission in ease (a) This quesion has Statement| and Statement.2. Ofthe four choices given after the Statements, choose the one that best describes the tno Statements ‘Statement-1 = Very large ste clescopes ae reflecting telescopes insted of reacting telescopes ‘Statement 2 : It is easier to provide mechanical support to large size mirrors than large size lenses. (JEE(Main) 2013, Online) (1) Statements and Statement.2are trie and Statement-2 sol the conect explanation fr Statement-1 (2) Statements-1 and Statement-2 are true and Statement-2 is correct explanation for Statement-1. (3) Statement-1 is true and Statement-2 is false. (4) Statement-1 is false and Statement-2 is true. A light ray falls on a square glass slab as shown in the diagram. The index of refraction ofthe glass, if total intemal reflection is to occur at the vertical face, is equal to [JEE(Main) 2013, Online] fa (6+) | My A 3 5 @y 4) £ A anomrinsnateton com ue (#=2) ha ng he tmnt nn ce fier ay liquids having rtracive indices * and 5 thas the focal lengths f, and f respectively. The comet relation between the focal length is (GEE (Main) 2014) @h-g fandf becomes negaive (8), > fends, becomes negative (@)f, and both becomes negative ‘iver lookingup hough the wee ses the oust work confsineinacruar horizon, The reactive index | of waters ; and the divers eyes are 15 cm below the surface of water. Then the radius ofthe circle is [JEE(Main) 2014, Online} 15%3 isxv7 @) 15%3 V7em aae 3) om (4) 15 x3 J5 em Ina compound microscope the focal length of objective lens is 1.2 em and focal length of eye piece is 3.0 cm. ‘When object is kept at 1.25 cm in front of objective, final image is formed at infinity. Magnifying power of the ‘compound microscope should be: [JEE(Main) 2014, Online] ? (@) 400 (2)200 (3)100 (@)150Ea Rey Optics & Optical Instruments 15. 16. a7. 18, 8 5 “The ekactiv index ofthe mover ofa concay len ys Immersed in a medium overactive inden. A paral! beom of ight is incldent on the lens. The path ofthe emergent ys when yy > is [JEE(Main) 2014, Online] ! " Hy Hh ry [a a (2) = ea ep . wh Ee ee ae ; 8) —____} (4) A ray flights incident from a denser toa rarer medium. The critical angle for total internal reflection is @,- and the Brewster's angle of incidence is 05, such that sini, /sin@, = = 1.28. The relative reactive index ofthe two media is [JEE(Main) 2014, Online) () 04 (209 (08 (aj02 ‘Assuming human pupil to have a radius of 0.25 cm and a comfortable viewing distance of 25 cm, the minimum separation between two objects that human eye can resolve at 500 nm wavelength is [JEE(Main) 2015) (1pm (2) 30m (3) 100 ym (4) 300 um, ‘You are asked to design a shaving mirror assuming that a person keeps it 10 cm from his face and views the ‘magnified image ofthe face ofthe closest comfortable distance of 25 em. The radius of curvature of the minror ‘would then be [JEE(Main) 2015, Online] (1)30em (2) 24cm (3)-24em (4) 60cm A telescope has an objective lens of focal length 150 cm and an eyepiece of focal length 5 em. If 50 m tall ‘tower ata distance of 1 km is observed through this telescope in normal setting, the angle formed by the image ‘of the tower is 8, then @ is close to [JEE(Main) 2015, Online) ae (21s (3)60" (a)30° ‘An observer looks at 2 distant tee of height 10 m with a telescope of magnifying power of 20, To the observer the tree appears: [JEE(Main) 2016] (2) 10 times taller (2) 10tmesneater (3) 20 times taller (4) 20 times nearer ‘A.500 resistance is connected to a battery of SV. A galvanometer of resistance 100 2 is fo be used as an ammeter to measure current through the resistance, fr this a resistance ris connected to the galvanometer. Which of the following connections should be employed ifthe measured current is within 1% ofthe current without the arametar inthe circuit? [JEE(Main) 2016, Online] (2), = 10%in series with galvanometer 5 @in parallel withthe galvanometer {3)x, = 0.5 @in series with the galvanometer (4)x, = 1.20 parallel with galvanometer 1722. Ahemispherical glass body of radius 10 cm and refractive index 1.5 is sivered on its curved surface, A small air bubble is 6 cm below the fla surface inside it along the axis. The position ofthe image ofthe air bubble made by the mirror is seen [JEE (Main) 2016, Online] (1) 16m below flat surface 10cm (2) 20cm below flat surface (3) 30cm below flat surface (4) 14cm below flat surface 23. Letthe refractive index of a denser medium with respect toa rarer medium ton,» end its critical angle be Og, At ‘an angle of incidence A when light is travelling from denser medium to rarer medium, a pert of the light is reflected and the rests refracted and the angle between reflected and refracted raysis 90°, Angle A is given by: [JEE(Main) 2017, Online) L 1 sin.) (2) cos” (sin 8c) 9) cosT(sin@.) (yan (4) tan (sin Be) 24, _Inanexperiment e convex ens of focal lenath 15 cm is placed coaxially on an optical bench infront of a convex ‘mirror ata distance of 5 cm from it Itis found that an object and its image coincide, ifthe objects placed at ‘distance of 20 cm from the lens. The focal length of the convex minoris: [JEE(Main) 2017, Online] (2)305cm (2)20.0em (3)25.0em (4)275cm 25. What isthe position and nature of image formed by lens combination shown in figure? (ff, are focal lengths) (JEE(Main) 2019, Online} (1) 70 em from point B at lft; vietual 2em—4} (2) 40 cm from point B at right; eal 20 (3) [ain from point B at right, real (4) 70cm from point B at ight, ral 26. Formation of real image using a biconvex lens is shown below 2 oF Ifthe whole set up is immersed in water without disturbing the object and the screen position, whet will one ‘observe on the screen? (JEE(Main) 2019, Online] (1)Image disappears (2) No change (3)Erectrealimage (4) Magnified image 27, The eye can be regarded as a single refracting surface . The radius of curvature ofthis surface is equalito that of comea (7.8mm). This surface separates two media of refractive indices 1 and 1.34, Calculate the distance from the refracting surface at which a parallel beam of light will come tofocus. _ (JEE(Main) 2019, Online] 7 (2m 2) 1m (3)3..em (4)4.0em. 28. Twoplane mirrors arc inclined to each other such that a ray of light incident onthe first mirror (M,) and parallel to the second minror (M,) is finally reflected from the second mirror (M,) parallel tothe frst mirror (M,). The £ angle between the two mirrors will be: [JEE(Main) 2019, Online] 5 (90° (yas @)75" mer a i 8.Eas Ray Optics & Optical Instruments [exencise-4(6) | ‘PREVIOUS YEARS AIEEE/JEE (MAIN)-ADVANCE LEVEL soe Yo Be Dacsed Cass 4. 2 ‘Atransparent solid cyclindrical od has a refractive index of -F- ,Itis surrounded by air. A light ray is incident at the mid-point of one end of the rod as shown in the figure. [AIEEE - 2009} ‘The incident angle 0 for which the light ray grazes along the wall ofthe rod is» aw($) om (h) mf) swe Let the x-y plane'be the boundary between two transparent media. Medium 1 inz2 Ohas arefractve index of 2. and medium 2 with 2 < 0 has a refractive index of V3. A ray of light in medium 1 given by the vector Ji + 8/3} 108 is incident on the plane of separation. The angle of refraction in medium 2 is IAIEEE - 2011] (1)60" (275° ()30" (4)4s° ‘Abeaker contains water up to height h, and kerosene of height h, above watger so thatthe total height of {water + kerosene) is (h, + h,)- Refractive index of water is, and that of kerosene i jy. The apparent shift in the position of the bottom of the beaker when viewed from above is = [AIEEE- 2011) mib-B Got a ott al-ah-(-d Speed ‘An object 2.4 min front of fens forms a sharp image on a film 12cm behind the lens. A glass plate 1 cm thick, ‘of refractive index 1.50 is interposed between lens and film with its plane faces parallel to film. At what distance (from lens) should object be shifted to be in sharp focus on film ? [AIEEE- 2012] a)56m @2)72m )24m (432m {A glass prism of refractive index 1.5 is immersed in water (refractive index 4/3) as shown in the figure. A light ‘beam incident normally on the face AB is totally rflected to reach the face BC, if: [AIEEE 2012, Online] oA Ss ast (1)sine> (2) sino > 5 2 8 (sino > 5 (4)sin@ > 5 763}—JEE-Physics — SSS SS 6. 10. u. 12, ‘The focal length of the objective and the eyepiece of a telescope are S0cm and Sem respectively Ifthe telescope 's focussed for distinct vision on a scale distant 2m from its objective, then its magnifying power will be [JEE(Main) 2013, Online] 8 2-4 (3) +8 (4-2 ‘The image ofan illuminated square is obtained on a screen with the help of a converging lens. The distance of the square from the lensis 40cm. The area ofthe images 9 times that of the square. The focal length ofthe lens is [JEE(Main) 2013, Online] (1) 36cm (2)27em (3)30.cm (4) 60cm A printed page is pressed by a glass of water. The refractive index of the glass and water is 1.5 and 1.33, respectively. Ifthe thickness ofthe bottom of glass is 1 cm and depth of water is 5 cm, how much the page will ‘appear to be shifted if viewed from the top ? [JEE(Main) 2013, Online] (1)1.90em (2)1.3533 em, (3) 1.083 em (4)3.581 em The focal lengths of objective lens and eye lens of a Gallelian Telescope are respectively 30 cm and 3.0 em. Telescope produces virtual, erectimage of an object situated far away from it at least distance of distinct vision from the eye lens. In this condition, the Magnifying Power ofthe Galllian Telescope should be : [JEE(Main) 2014, Online] () +88 @-12 4112 (4)-88 ‘An object is located in a fixed position in front of a screen. Sharp image is obtained on the screen for two ‘Positions of a thin lens separated by 10 cm. The sizeof the images in two situations are inthe ratio3 :2. What is the distance between the screen and the object ? [JEE(Main) 2014, Online} (1)99.0cm (2)124.5¢em (3)144.5em (4)65.0em ‘The diameter ofthe objective lens of microscope malkes an angle atthe focus ofthe microscope. Further, the ‘medium between the object and the lens is an ofl of efactive index n. Then the resolving power of the microscope. [JEE(Main) 2014, Online] 1 (Increase wth decreasingvalue fn (2)Inseas th nacasna eve of (8) Increases wth decreasing vel of (a) Increases ith increasing vlueofnsin28 Monochromatic light is incident of a glass prism of angle A. If the refractive index of the material of the prism is 1,2, nedent tan angle 0, on the face AB would get monsmited tough the face AC othe pom provided (SEE(Main) 20151 [rein( (2))] ay o> ans Ansin" 4) ee} A ; _ 3 (ayy (2) @ cox ssn af )} ; (8) Ot Image of an object approaching a convex mirror of radius of curvature 20 m along its optical axis is observed to 50 move from B mito — min 30 seconds. What is the speed of the object in km per hour? (IT-JEE 2010} j ‘The focal length ofa thin biconvex lens is 20 em. When an object is moved from a distance of 25 cm in front of 8 Msg itto 50 cm, the magnification ofits image changes from my, 0 May Theratio == is (INT JEE 2010] Aray oflght ravelingin the direction 3+ V3} is incident on a plane mirror. After reflection, it travels along the direction 3{i~/}). The ange of incidences [SEE (Adv) 2013] (A) 30° (B) 45° (Cer (D) 75°nay Opts & Opel ean 10. uM. 12. The image of an object, formed by a plano-convex lens at a distance of 8 m behind the lens, is real and is ‘one-third the sizeof the object, The wavelength of ight inside the lens is 2/3 times the wavelength in free space. The radius of the curved surface of the lens is = (JE (Adv.) 2013) (jim (B)2m (3m (6m A tight angied prism of refractive index wis placed ina rectangular block of refractive index j1,, which is £ surrounded by a medium of refractive index 1, as shown [~~ in the figure. A ray of light'e' enters the rectangular block at normal incidence. Depending upon the relationships Detween jt, and Hy, t takes one of the four possible paths'ef, ‘eg, ‘eh ore F ‘Match the paths in List I with conditions of refractive indices in List Il and select the correct answer using the codes given below thellsis: [JEE (Adv.) 2013} e hs List List Ref 1. > Vin Qesg 2. pg > wand fy > by R eoh 3. oy = Mp 8. ei 4. hy hy Codes: Pp Q R Ss (A) 2 3 1 4 Bl 2 4 3 C4 1 2 3 M2 3 4 1 Four combinations of two thin lenses are given in List|. The radius of curvature ofall curved surfaces is rand the refractive index of all the lenses is 1.5. Match lens combinations in List ! with their focal length in List I tne tne cri cn ang cols erg et EE (aan) 2014] tit Tie >) ie ol 22 Code: (AVP, Q2,R3,S4 (B)P-2, 0-4, 2-3, 5-1 (O)P-4, Qu, R-2, S-3 O)P-2,Q1,R3,54 Appoint source S is placed at the bottom of a transparent block of height 10, ‘mm and refractive index 2.72. Itisimmersed ina lower refractive index iquid FE Liuid ‘as shown in the figure. Itis found that the light emerging from the block tothe 5 a liquid forms a circular bright spot of diameter 11.54 mm on aay ee the top of the block. The refractive index of the liquid is~ s ayi2t (B)1.30 [JEE (Adv.) 2014) (C)1.36 (0)1.4214. 15, ‘A transparent thin film of uniform thickness and refractive index n, = 1.4 is coated on the convex spherical, surface of radius R at one end of a long solid glass eylinder of refractive index n, = 1.5, as shown in the figure. Rays of ight parallel to the axis ofthe cylinder traversing through the film from air to glass get focused. at distance f, from the film, while rays of light traversing from glass to alr get focused at distance f, from the film. Then , (JEE(Adv.) 2014) (A) I |=3R (B) [f|=2.8R (C) f,|=2R (D}|pi=1aR At a “Two identical glass rods §, and S, (refractive index = 1.5) have one convex end of radius of curvature 10 em. ‘They are placed with the curved surfaces at a distance d as shown in the figute, with their axes (shown by the dished line) aligmed. When a point source of light P is placed inside rod S, on its axis at a distance of 50 cm fom the curved face, the light ays emanating from it are found to be parallel tothe axis inside S,. The distance dis [JEE (Adw) 2015) (4) 60cm (8) 70cm (C) 80cm (0)90cm Comprehension 16. 17. ie} Light guidance in an optical fiber can be understood by considering a structure comprising of thin solid class Glinder of refractive index , surroundded by a medium of lower refractive index n,. The ight guidance in the structure takes place due to successive total intemal reflections a the interface of the media n, and'n, as shown Inthe figure. All rays wit the angle of indicence iless than a particular valu, are confined in the medium of refractive index n,. The numerical aperture (NA) of the structure is defined as sin. [JE (Ad) 2015] Fortwo structures namely S, with n, = JS /4 andn, = 32, and, with n, = 8/5 and n, = 7/5 and taking the refractive index of water to be 43 and that of air tobe 1, the correct option(s) i(are) s i _16_ (A) NA ofS, immersed in waters the some as that of, immersed in lquid of refractive index 3 6 (B) NA of, immersed in iquidof reactive index Fe fsthe same a that ofS immersed in water 4 of refractive index re (C) NA ofS, placed in aris the same as that ofS, immersed in lq (D} NA of, placed in aris the same as that of S, placed in water two structures of same cross-sectional area, but different numerical apertures NA, and NA, (NA, < INA, are joined longitudinally the numerical apertre of the combined structureis NA,NA, a) NA, = NAy (B)NA, + NA, (CNA, (D)NA,Ray Optics & Optical Instruments 18. Conadera concave nino anda conexlos foci dox 15) ef ixallngh 1Demeoch separ nso Sem na astound ) eso ne gue Anche nel easel 18 atone lnc antag ome by bis contnaton hes megteaton Mr When escapist ™ named ofefactie ind 76 the nga becomes M, The mgate [ME EE (Adv) 2015] ise” —a= 19. monochromatic beam of light is incident at 60° on one face of an equilateral prism of refractive index n and ‘emerges from the opposite face making an angle @(n) with the normal (see the figure). for n = /3 the value of de is 60" and > The value of mis (JEE (Adw) 2015] 20, A parallel beam of light is incident from air at an angle a. on the side PQ of aright angled triangular prism of refractive index n = VZ.. Light undergoes total intemal reflection inthe prism at the face PR when « has a minimum value of 45°, The angle of the prism is (JEE (Adu) 2016] (ay 15° (B)225" (O30 (Dyas a R 21, Asmall objects placed 50 cm tothe lft ofa thin convex lens of focal length 30 cm. A convex spherical miror of radius of curvature 100 em is placed tothe right of the lens at a distance of 50 em. The mirror sited such that the axis of the mirror is at an angle 8 = 30° to the axis ofthe lens, as shown in the figure. t f=S00m i i i i j i (60 +60/3,-60) J He origin ofthe coordinate systems taken tobe atthe centre ofthe lens, the coordinates in cm) ofthe point | ty) athich the image is formed are (EE (Adv, 2016] 2 e5,25va) (8) 1225/3, 25/V3) —(C) (60-253, 25) (D)10,0) {177}JEE-Physics 22. A transparent slab of thickness d has refractive index n (2) that increases ‘with, Here zs the vertical distance inside the slab, measured from the top. ‘The labs placed between two media with uniform rofractiveindices, and n,=constani ny (> n,), a8 shown nthe igure. Arey oflightisincidentwithangle,from + ‘medium 1 and emerges in medium 2 with refraction angle 6, with lateral a displacement I [JEE (Adv.) 2016] i Which ofthe following statements isle) rue? nysconstant (A) fisindependent of n, {B) lis dependent on n (2) (C)n, sin, = (ny~n,) sin 8, (D)nsing, = n,sing, 23. A plano-convex lens is made of a material of refractive index n, When a small objec is placed 30 em away in front ofthe curved surface ofthe lens, an image of double the sizeof the object is produced, Due to reflection from the convex surface ofthe lens, another faint image is observed ata distance of 10 cm away from the lens. ‘Which of the following statement(s) is (are) true ? [SEE (Adv.) 2016] (A) The refractive index ofthe lens is 2.5 (8) The radius of curvature ofthe convex surface is 45 em (C) The faint image is erect and real (D) The focal length of the lens is 20 cm 24, Foran isosceles prism of angle A and refractive index y, itis found thatthe angle of minimum deviation &,, = A. Which ofthe following options is/are como? [JEE(Adw,) 2017] (A) Atminimum deviation, the incident angle i, andthe refracting angle , atthe fis refracting surface are related by, = (ly2) (8). Forthis prism, the refractive index } and the angle of prism A are related as “(8 (C)_Forthis prism, the emergent ray atthe second surface wil be tangential to the surface when the angle of idence att ft cae b= |sina tor (0) Forthe angle of incidenc al |, = As the ray inside the prism is parallel tothe base ofthe prism 25, Amonochromatclight is tavellingin a medium of refractive index n = 1.6, Itentersa stack of glass layers from the bottom side at an angle 8 = 30°, The interfaces of the glass layers are parallel to each other. The refractive indices of different glass avers are monotonically decreasing asn,, = n—mAn, where n,, isthe refractive index of the m slab and An = 0.1 (see the fire). The ray i reacted cut parallel to the interface between the (m~ 1)" and m" slabs from the right side ofthe stack. What is the value of m? [JEE(Adv.) 2017} 5 7Ea hay Opts & Opti ntumonts 26. Sunlight of intensity 1.3 kWm is incident normally on a thin convex lens of focal length 20 cm. Ignore the {energy loss of light due to the lens and assume that the lens aperture size is much smaller than its focal length. ‘The average intensity of light, in kW, ata distance 22 cm from the lens on the other side is. [JEE(Adv) 2018] 27. Awireis bent in the shape ofa right angled triangle and is placed in front of a concave mirror of focal length {fas shown in the figure. Which of the figures shown in the four options qualitatively represent(s) the shape of the image of the bent wire? (These figures are not to scale.) [JEE(Adw,) 2018] a> 4s (a) 78seesthyies Baan ANSWERS EXERCISE-1 9 [sop a [we [as [a ‘Ane.| 8 ofTalci[oj{c|c ‘Ane.| B | D 3 . ane c EXERCISE-2 * MULTIPLE CHOICE CORRECT QUESTIONS 1.(ABCD) 2.(AC) 3.(BC) 4.(BCD)5.(BC) 6. (BCD) ¢ COMPREHENSION BASED QUESTIONS: 7.(B) 8 (D)_— (A) 10.(A) AAC) 12.4) EXERCISE-3 * NUMERICAL ANSWER BASED QUESTIONS 1. (80 mis) 2.(15¢em) 3. (9 erv’s) 4.(4) 5. (30cm) * MATRIX MATCH QUESTIONS 6. (A)-r (B) -a(C) -p(D)-s 7.18) 4,8 (B) pias (C) pqs (D) s 8. (A)-p(B}-r (C)-q (D)-s EXERCISE-4(A) elope, s p+) s|s[7[s| owl ml] wlll ‘am. 3 | 4} 2)4]1{1}3|/3]}2]2[1]2]2|2] 3 20 | 21 | 22 | 23 | 24 | 25 | 26 | 27 | 28 a[2[2|a[a|4[ij,s|[¢4 7 | 8 {| 9 [10] 11 [12] 13 | 14 | 15 2[2111it«|1][4|71/2 EXERCISE-5 1.(A) 2. (B) 8. (A) RQ.RS (B) Q, (C) RQ,R,S (D) RO.R.S (c) 5.(B) 6. (A)-PR, (B) -QST, (C) -PRT, (D) -QS 7.(3) 8.(6) 9.(A) 10. (C) 11.(D) 12.(B)—18.(C) 14. (AC) 15.18) 16.(AC) 17.) 18.17) 19.2) 20,(A) 21.) 22.(ABD) 28.(AD) 24,(ACD)25.(8) 26. (130) 27.(D)ALLE Roy Optics & Optical Instruments SECTION - 1: SINGLE CHOICE CORRECT QUESTIONS : upto a height of 10 cm. A plane minors fixed at a height of 5 cm from the surface of water. Distance of mage from the mirror after vflection from it of an object O at the bottom of the beaker is- (A) 15 cm (B)125 cm (C) 750m (D} 10cm, 2. When a pin is moved along the principal axis of a small concave mirror, the A {mage position coincides with the object at @ point 0.5 m from the mirror, refer 1 figure. If the miror is placed at a depth of 0.2 m in a transparent liquid, the =| ——>-=— same phenomenon occurs when the pin is placed 0.4 m from the mirror, The : refractive index ofthe liquid is~ (a) 65 (B) 54 (©) 43 (D) 32 loze 3. Array R, is incident on the plane surface of the glass slab (heptin air) of sacle pe ® refractive index J atan angle of incidence equal to the critical angle for MA thisairglass system, Therefracted ray undergoes partial reflection and refraction atthe other surface. The angle between reflected ray R, and the R R, refracted ray R, at that surface is (a) 45° (8) 138" (C) 105° (D) 75° 4. A ray of light from a denser medium strike a rorer medium. The angle of reflection is v and that of refraction is r'. The reflected and refracted rays make an angle of 90° with each other. The critical angle will be: (A) sin" (tanr) (8) tan" (sinr) (C) sin (tanr’) (D) tan** (sin 5. Anair bubbles inside water. The refractive index of water is 4/3, At what distance from the air bubble should a point object be placed so as to form a real image at the same distance from the bubble -- (ayer (B)3R (Car (D) The air bubble cannot form areal image 6. Aconverging lens of focal length 20 em and diameter 5 em is eut along 4 fheline AB. Theppartof helensshown shaded in thediagramisnowused | | . | tofoaman image of point P placed 30 cm away from ion thetine XY MMP pA i which is perpendicular to the plane of the lens. The image of P will be | “a $F fexmed £ (AyOScmabove x¥ (B) 1 em below XY i {C) on XY {D) 1.5. cm below XYsee Physics 7. 10. u 12. 13. aa} ‘Aman observes a coin placed atthe bottom of a beaker which contains two immiseible liquids of refractive indies 1.2 and 1.4 as shown inthe figure. A pense ano plane mirror is also placed on the surface of liquid. The distance of image Ue (Grom minor) of coin in mirror as seen from medium 1.2 by an observer just above the boundary of the two media is ‘4 con (4) 18 em, (B) 126m {C)9em (D)none of these [sem I I 7 om Radi of curvature ofa concavo-convex las refractive index = 1.5) are 40 cm (concave side) and 20 cm (convex side) as shown. The convex side is silver The distance x onthe principal axis where an object is ~~ placed so that its image is created on the object itself, is equal to t= (A) 12cm (B) 15 cm * (C)16 em (D) 24cm Redoon R=206m Aylin ema ci cg th polactine Ther ft ‘recut gainonauc, Hon haciendo ined hese * Un tnegeatan an tarps on Lac?) 90 (B) Not emerge out ofthe prism (C) Emerge atan angle of emergence si ‘( sec /4) (D) None of these ‘The curve of angle of incidence versus angle of deviation shown has been plotted for prism. The value of refractive index ofthe prism used is a 8 8) 3 2 © 8 Oy A light ray Lis incident on @ plane mircor M. The mirror js rotated in the direction as shown in the figure by an arrow at frequency 9/rrev/s. The light reflected by the mirror is received on the wall W at a distance 10 m from the axis of rotation. When the angle of incidence becomes 37° the speed of the spot (a point) on the wall is (A) 10 mis (8) 1000 mis i (C) 360 mis (D} none of these ad “There are two plane mirror with reflecting surfaces facing each other. Both the mirrors are moving with speed | _v away from reach other. A point is placed between the mirrors. The velocity of the image from due to n-th reflection willbe~ (ayn B20 ()3nv (D)4nv Inthe diagram shown, al the velocities are given with respect to earth, What isthe oe relative velocity ofthe image in mirror (1) with respect tothe image in the mirror (2)? The miror (1) forms an angle B with the vertical . (a)avsnep (B) 2p i (O2vsin2p, (D)None ofthese obra i Maver =14. 15. 16. 47. 18, 19, 21. 8 meme Ray Optics & Optical Instruments ‘Aray incident at an angle 53° on a prism emerges at an angle 37° as shown. ifthe angle of incidence is made 50°, which ofthe followings possible value of the angle of emergence? (a) 35° (B) 42° (c) 40" (b) 38° 1f two mirrors are kept at 60° to each other, then the number of images formed by them is- (ays (36 (C7 os ‘Wavelength of light used in a optical nstument are hy = 4000 A and 2g = 5000 A, then rato oftheir respective resolving powers (conresponding to 2 and A) s- (A) 16:25 (89:1 (4:5 5:4 Which ofthe followingis used in optical fibres? (A) Total internal election (B) Scattering (€) Diffraction (D) Refraction ‘An astronomical telescope has a large aperture fo (A) reduced spherical aberration (B) have high resolution, (C) increase span of observation (D) have low dispersion ‘The image formed by an objective of a compound microscope is (A) virtual and diminished (B) real and diminished (©) realand enlarged (0) virtual and enlarged ‘Toget three images of a single object, one should have two plane mirrors at an angle of wer B90" (C) 120" (D)30° AA fish looking up through the water sees the outside world, contained in a circular horizon. Ifthe refractive 4 index of water is 3 and the fish is 12 cm below the water surface, the radius of this circle in em is (A)36 V7, ®) s (0)36 V5 O45 A thin gloss (refractive index 1.5) lens has optical power of - SD in ai. Its optical power in aliquid medium with refractive index 1.6 will be (a)1D (B)-1D (25D (D)-25D ‘The refractive index of glassis 1.520 for red light ancl 1.525 for blue light. Let D, and D, be angles of minimum D, Two lenses of power ~ 15D and +5D are in contact with each other. The focal length of the combination is- (A) -20.cm. (8)-10em (C) + 20cm (D) + 10cm Allight ray is incident perpendicular to one face of a 90° prism and is totally internally reflected atthe glass-ar interface. Ifthe angle of reflection is 45°, ‘we conclude that the refractive index n : 1 an< (B)n> V2 (n> (D)n< VB 2 (eis)26. A plano-convex lens of refractive index 1.5 and radius of curvature 30 cm is silvered at the curved surface. "Now, this lens has been used to form the image of an object. At what distance from this lens, an object be ‘placed in order to have a real image ofthe size ofthe object? (A) 20 em (B)30em (C}60em (0) 80m 27, Two point white dots are 1 mm apart on a black paper. They are viewed by eye of pupil diameter 3 mm, Approximately, what is the maximum distance af which these dots can be resolved by the eye ? [Take wavelength of light = 500 nm] (asm Bim (C}6m (3m 28. Two thin slabs of refractive indices 1, and _ ar placed parallel to each other in the x-y plane. Ifthe direction of propagation of e ray inthe two media are along the unit vectors §, = ai +bj and %, =ci+dj then wehave (A) nase (B) fa? +b) =nQle? +4") (©) pa/ ea OF =na/ Vere (D) None ofthese 29. A ray of light tikes 2 cubical slab surrounded by air as shown in the figure. ‘Then the geometrical path length traversed by the light in the slab will be: (A) 23m (B) 2m. ar 8,3) a o (Je 30. A cubical block of glass of refractive index n, isin contact with the surface of water of refractive index n,. A beam of light is incident on vertical face of the block (see figure). After refraction, a total intemal reflection at the base and refraction atthe opposite vertical face, the ray emerges out at an angle 8. The value of Oi given by 1 1 “ni (B) tand < Jn? —ny (Osind< ep DI tend < eae (a) sing < fF (C) if lower half partis covered by black sheet, then area of the image is equal to n1“/2 (D) ifs doubled, intensity will increase 1. Apoint objets placed a distance of 20em fom atin plano-convex lens | of focal length 15cm. The plane surface of the lens is now silvered. The i |mage created by the system isa i (A) 60cm to the left of the system i (B) 60cm to the right of the system i | (C) 12cm to the left of the system oe 3 (D) 12cm tothe right ofthe system : 52. _Aliconvetes offal fomsa cra mage fads fun noe plane Then which option correct ? . (a) reek ? @)mtat { 216)33. 35. 37. 39, 40. s & Optical Instruments Array of light travelling in water is incident on its surface open to ait. The angle of incidence is , which is less than the critical angle. Then there will be (A) only a reflected ray and no refracted ray (B) only a refracted ray and no reflected ray (C) aroflected ray and a refracted ray and the angle behween them would be less than 180°-28 (D) areflected ray and a refracted ray and the angle between them would be greater than 180° — 20 [mn an experiment to determine the focal lenath (f) of a concave minor by the u-v method, a student placed the object pin on the principal axis at a distance x from the pale P The student looks atthe pin and its inverted image from a distance keeping his/her eye inline with PA. When the student shift hivher eye towards left, the image appeats to the tight ofthe object pin. Then— (xct (B)f2F ‘A ray of light falls on a transparent glass siab with refractive index (relative to air) of 1.62. The angle of Incidence for which the reflected and refracted rays are mutuelly perpendicular is: (A) tan (1.62) (B)sin'0.62) (C)cos* (1.62) (D)none of these. ‘Two mirrors labelled L, for let mirror and L, for tight mirror in the figure are parallel fo each other and 3.0:m apart. A person standing 1.0 m from the right ‘mirror {Lp} looks into this mirror and sees a series of images, The second nearest image seen in the right mitror is situated at a distance (A) 2.0 m from the person (B) 4.0 mfrom the person {C) 6.0 m from the person (D) 8.0 mfrom the person othe A paraxial beam is incident on a glass (n = 1.5) hemisphere of radius R=6 «em in air as shown, The distance of point of convergence F from the plane — surface of hemisphere is — en (A) 120m (B) 54cm | (C) 18 em (D) 8em ‘As shown in the figure a particle is placed at O in front of a plane minor M.A ‘man at P can move along path PY and PY” then which of the following is true? y (A) For all points on PY man can see the image of 0 (8) For all points on PY’ man can see the image, but for no point on. PY he can see the image of O le (©) Forall points on PY" he can see the image but on PY he can see the Image only upto distance d ) He can see the image only upto a distance d on either side of P y ‘Two plane mirrors are placed parallel to each other at a distance L apart, A point object Os placed between them, ata distance L/3 from one mirror. Both mirrors form multiple images. The distance between any two Images cannot be (a) 3L2 (B) 2U3 (C) 2. (D) None ofthese ‘An infinitely long tod lies along the axis of a concave mirror of focal length f. The near end ofthe rod is at distance u > f from the miter. ts image will have a length- ul e e es os ie ust ut ‘Aray oflightin aliquid ofeltactive index 1.4 approaches the boundary surface between the liquid end airat an angle of incidence whose sine 0.8 . Which of he following statements correct about the behaviors ofthe ligh!? (A) tis impossible to predict the behavior of the light ray on the basis of the information supple! (B) The sine of the angle of refraction of the emergent ray willbe ess than 0.8 (C) The ray willbe internally reflected (D) The sine of the angle of refraction of the emergent ray will be greater than 0.8JEE-Physics JEE-Physics 42. 45. 47, 49. 81. a8) ‘A light ray hits the pole of a thin biconvex lens as shown in fiqure. The angle made by a the emergent ray with the opticaxis willbe nearly . 3H (a) 0° (8) (18 - (©) ay (D2 ‘Acditminished image of an objects to be obtained on a large screen 1 m from it. This can be achieved by [A) using @ convex mirror of focal length less than 0.25 m_ (B) using concave mirror of focal length less than 0.25 m (C) using a convex lens of focal length less than 0.25 m {D) using a concave lens of focal length than 0.25 m “The diagram shows five isosceles ight angled prisms. A light ray incident at 90° at the first face emerges at same angle with the normal from the last face, Which of the following relations will hold regarding therefractive indices ? (A) a2 + ag? + age = age + a (Bue + as + wee (Cha? + a? + ag = 2 tue + oe (D)none ofthese Inaccompound microscope, the intermediate image (A) Virtual, erect and magnifiecl {B) Real, erect and magnified {C)Real, inverted and magniied {D) Vital, exect and reduced Areal image ofa distant object is formed by a plano-convex lens on its principal axis, Spherical aberration, (A)is absent (B)issmaller ifthe curved surface of the lens faces the object (C) is smaller ifthe plane surface of the lens faces the object (D) isthe same whichever side of the lens faces the object ‘An eye specialist prescribes spectacles having a combination of convex lens of focal length 40 em in contact ‘with a concave lens of focal length 25 em. The power ofthis lens combination in diopters is (ay +15, (B)-15 (667 (D)-6.67 ‘The focal lengths of the objective and the eye piece of a compound microscope are 2,0 em and 3.0 em, espectvley. The distance between the objective and the eye piece is 15.0 cm the final image formed by the eye piece is at infinity, the two lenses are thin. The distance in cm ofthe object and the image produced by the objective, measured from the objective lens are respectively (A)24 and 12.0 (B) 24 and 15.0 (C) 20and 12.0 (D)2.0and3.0 ‘Acdiminished image of an objects to be obtained on a screen 1 m from it. This can be achieved by appropriate placing : (A) @ concave mirror of suitable focal length (B) a convex mirror of suitable focal length (C} a convex lens of focal length less than 0.25 m _(D) aconvexllens of suitable focal length ‘An isosceles prism of angle 120° has a refractive index 1.44. Two parallel rays of monochromatic light enter the prism parallel to each other in air as shown. The rays emerge from the opposite face (A) ate parallel io each other = (B) are diverging (C) make an angle2 {sin“0.72) -30°} with each other > (D) make an angle 2 sin“(0.72) with each other ‘Spherical aberration in athin lens can be reduced by (A) using monochromatic light (B) using a doublet combination (C) using a circular annular mark overthelens _(D) increasing the siz of the lensESABES] Ray Optics & Optical Instruments FP Op ics Optical Instruments 52. 53, 55. 87. “Two thin convex lenses of focal lengths f f, and f, are separated by a + horizontal distance d (whore d < f,,¢ © f) and thot eantres are —> displaced by a vercal separation as shown inthe gure Tekingthe > thy crigin of coordinates, O, atthe cenite ofthe frst les, the xand tf} * 4 x-coordinates ofthe focal point of this lens system, for a parallel beam ‘of rays coming from the left, are given by = = fk td -¢) () ‘A beam of light consisting of red, green and blue colours is incident on a right-angled prism. The refractive indices of the material ofthe prism for the above red, green and blue wavelengths are 1.39, 1.44 and 1.47 respectively. The prism will (A) separate the red colour from the green and blue colours — (B) separate the blue colour from the red and green colours — (C)eoparate all the three colours from one another — (Dj nat separate even partially any colour from the other two colours. oo ‘Ashor linear object of length b lies along the axis of a concave mirror of focal length fat adistance u from the pole of the mirror. The size ofthe image is approximately equal to (ef) orf Oy A concave mirror is placed on a horizontal table with its axis directed vertically upwards. Let O be the pole of the mircor and C its centre of curvature. A point object is placed at C. It has a real image, also located at C. Ifthe mirtor is now filled with water the image will be (A) feal and will remain at C (B) teal and located at a point between C and 22 (C) virtual and located at a point between Cand © _(D) real and located at a point between C and O A soherical surface of radius of curvature R, separates alr (refractive index 1.0) from glass (refractive index 1.5) The centre of curvature is in the glass. A point object P placed in air is found to have a real image Q in the less. The line PQ cuts the surface af a point O and PO = OQ. The distance PO is equal to — (ayer (B)3R (C)2R (D)15R ‘A hollow double concave lens is made of very thin transparent material. Itcan be filled with ai or either of two liquids L, or L, having refracting indices n and n, respectively (ny > n, > 1). The lens will diverge a parallel ‘beam of light if ii filled with (A) air and placed in air (B)airand immersedin Ly (C) Ly and immersed in L, (D} Land immersed in Ly A diverging beam of light from a point source S having divergence angle «falls symmetrically on a glass slab as shown. The angles of incidence of the two extreme rays are equal, If the thickness of the glass slab i and its refractive index isn, then the divergence angle of the emergent between them is (A)zero Be " l (C)sin* (in) (D)2sie" (1m) A point source of light B, placed at a distance L in front of the centre of plane mitror of width d, hangs vertically on a wall. A man walks infront of the minor along a line parallel to the mirror at a distance 2L from it as, shown. The greatest distance over which he can see the image ofthe light source in the mirror is wayaie (Ba (c)2a (34 219)hysics EE ee 60, Arectangular glass slab ABCD of refractive index n, is immersed in water of efractive index n(n > 14). Aoy fights incident at the surface AB of the slab as shown. The maximum value ofthe angle of incidence day such thatthe ray comes out only from the other surface CD, is given by ou oven("| z 61, Arayoflight passes through four transparent media with refractive indices ate sty and 1, 25 shown in the figure. The surfaces ofall media are | paral the emergent ray CD is parallel othe incident rey AB, we must (Alu (Bry ey (Chay = Du 62, Agiven ray oflight suffers minimum deviation in an equilateral prism P. Additional prism Q and R of identical shape and of the same material as P are now added ‘as shown in the figure. The ray will suffer (A) greater deviation (B) no deviation (C) same doviation as before (D) total internal reflection 63, An observer can see through a pin-hole the top end of athin rod of height h, eps placed as shown he figure. The beaker heights Sh and its rdush. When @ the beakers filed with a liquid up to a height 2h, he can see the lower end ofthe rod. Then the refractive index of the quid is [ 5 f m5 (83 ;, 3 | i B 3 (ye © —7— 2 2 = 64, Which one of the following spherical lenses does not exhibit dispersion ? The radi of curvature ofthe surfaces of the lenses are as given in the diagrams :— WR, & ®R ~ (OR & (wy) le i 65. Twoplane minors Aand Bare aligned parallel to eachother, as shown 1 in he figure. A light ray is incident at an angle 30° ata point just inside eS one end ofA. The plane of incidence coincides with he plane ofthe F i figure. The maximum number oftimes the ray undergoes elections" we {including the first ono} before it emerges out is : (a}28 (B)30 4c)32 (D)34 { 66. Thesize ofthe image of an object, whichis at infinity, as formed by a convex lens of focal length 30cm is Zcm, ta concave lens of focal length 20cm is placed between the convex lens and the image ata distance of 26cm = from the convex lens, calculate the new size of the image :~ i (8) 1.25 em (8) 25cm (C) 105 em (D)2cm i 220Ry Opis & Optica nsomens Ky Optics & optic! iarumeni 67, 70. 7. 2. ‘Atay of lights Incident al the glass-waterinteroce al an ange i, it emerges Ainliy paral tothe surface of wate, then the value of, would be (4) 483) sini (B) Usini (43 (1 White lights incident onthe interface of lass and ar as showin the figure. IWareen ight is just totally intemally reflected then the emerging ray in ait j contains. ae | Cees (A) yellow, orange. red i (B) violet, indigo, blue lone X + (C)allcolours cc (D)allcolours except green ‘Aray of light is incident on an equilateral glass prism placed on a horizontal table For minimum deviation which ofthe following is true ? (A) PQ is horizontal of \p (B) QRishorizontal (C)RSishorizontal {D) Either PQ or RS is horizontal A container is filed with water (y= 1.33) upto a height of 33.25 em. A concave mirror is placed 15cm above the water level and the image of an ‘object placed at the bottom is formed 25cm below the water level, The focal length of the mirror is (A) 10 em (8)15 em (C)20em (0)25 em A convex lens is in contact with concave lens. The magnitude of the ratio oftheir focal length is 2/3. Their ‘equivalent focal length is 30cm. What are their individual focal lengths ? (A) -75, 50 (8) 20, 15 (©) 75, 50, (D)-15,10 Athin prism P, with angle 4” and made from glass of refractive index 1.54's combined with another thin prism Be meade from glass of refractive index 1.72 to produce dispersion without deviation. The angle ofthe prin Pris 2 (A)5.33" (eye (cos (y2.6" SECTION - 2 : MULTIPLE CHOICE CORRECT QUESTIONS An astronomical telescope has an angular magnification of magnitude 5 for distance objects, The sepatation benween the objective and the eye piece is36 cm and the final image is formed at infinity The focal eng of the objective and the focal length f, ofthe eyepiece are : (A) = 450m and, = 9m (B) fy = 50 cm and f, (C)p=72cmandi, = Sem (0) {= 30 cmand f, £8 converging lens of focal length is placed infront of and coaxial with convex mir of focal length f ‘The: separation sd. parallel beam flight incident onthe lens returns a a parallel beam fom the arangerron: {A) The beam diameters ofthe incident and reflected beams must be the samme (B)d= |) -2 if] (a= Ie (D) Ifthe entre arrangement is immersed in water, the conditions will remain unalteredJEE-Physics 75. Arayis incident on the first prism at an angle of incidence 83° as shown inthe igure, The angle between sie ‘CArand BIA’ for the net deviation by both the prisms to be double ofthe deviation produced by the first prism, vwllbe a “ 2 wertysr — @aindior owls oper’ gf NS 76, Two lenses in contact made of materials with dispersive powers in the ratio : 1, behaves as an achromatic diverging ens of focal length 10m. The individual focal length ofthe lenses are (a) Sem (B)-Sem (C)10cm (D)20em 77. Arayoflightis incident normally on one face of 30°— 60° -90" prism of refractive index 5/3 immersed in water of refractive index 4/3 as shown in figure (A) The exit angle 0, ofthe ray is sin" (5/8) {@) The exit angle 0, ofthe ray is sin ( (C) Total internal reflection at point P ceases if the refractive index of water is increased to > 75 by dissolving some substance (D) Total internal reflection at point P ceases ifthe refractive index cof water is increased to 5/6 by dissolving some substance Conpehion ‘Theciliary muscles of eye control the curvature of the lens in the eye and Eye lens sy ee dnc htt neers wept tapas on mo LE sreieases) ond focal length decreases. Fora lear vision the image must elie be on retina. The image distance is therefore fixed for a clear vision and ogee eee eens Wey ‘grown-up person. ‘A person can theoretically have clear vision of objects situated at any lange distance from the eve. The smallest distance at which a person can leet see elated to minimum possible focal length, The ciliary muscles are most ‘Stained in this postion, For an average grown up person minimum distance of object should be around 25 em. ‘A person suffering from eye defects uses spectacles (Eye glass). The function ofens of spectacles isto form the image o the objecis within the range in which person can see cleerly. The image ofthe spectacle-lens becomes object for eye-lens and whose image is formed on retina “The number of spectacle-Iens used forthe remedy of eve defect is deccied by the power of the ens required § and the number of spectacie-lens is equal to the numerical value of the power of lens with sign. For example Forall the calculations required you can use the lens formula and lens maker's formula, Assume that the eye lens is equiconvex lens, Neglect the distance between eye lens and the spectacle lens. 78. Minimum focal length of eye lens of a normal person is, , 25 (A) 25cm (B) 2.5 cm () no 79. Maximum ocallength of ye lens of normal erton is ; \ 25 25 (25 en (B)25em 02 om oem (222ES ALLEN Ray Optics & Optical Instruments J—___Rey Optics & Optical Instruments 80. Anear-sighted man can clearly see object only upto a distance of 100 em and not beyond this. The number of the spectacles lens necessary for the remedy of this defect willbe: (aye Ba (43 (3 ‘81. _A farsighted man cannot see object cleanly unless they are at least 100 cm from his eyes. The number of the ‘spectacles lens that will make his range of clear vision equal to an average grown up person at Ba (+3 (0-3 82. Apperson who can see object clearly from distance 10 em to «, then we can say that the person is: (A) Normal sighted person (8) Near-sighted person (C)Fa-sighted person {D) Aperson with exceptional eye havingno eye defect Comprehension-2 ‘The image of a white objectin white light formed by a lensis usually coloured and blurred. This defect of image is called chromatic abserration and arises due to the fact that focal length of a lens is different for different colours. As of lens is maximum for violet while minimum for re, violet is focused nearest tothe lens while ed farthest from its shown in figute. Asa result of this, incase of convergent lens fa screen is placed at F, centre ‘of the image wil be violet and focused while sides are red and blurred. White at Fp, reverse isthe case, ie, centre will be red and focused while ses violet and blurred. The difference between f, and fy isa meastire of the longitudinal chromatic aberration (L.C.A), ie, White Light LCA = fy-fy = -af with df = ff, However, as fora single lens, 1 14 poole a =F Therefore, L.C.A. = df = of Now 25 fra single lene nether f nor o can be 2er0, we cannot havea sing len ee from chromatic aboeraton Condition of Achromatism (achromatic doublet) : Li. Incasct vo thinlenssinconict P= te gH © = dispersive power. The combination will be free from chromatic aberration if @F = 0. at die oo, , cb oe pps Peps pepe This condition scaled coniton of achromatism (fr two thin lenses in conta!) and the lens combination hich sass his conditon called achromatic lane, rom above dscussons ticles ter ai 1 (0 Thetwolenses must bea diferent mata * Ho, = 0,244 (i) AS@, and «are positive quantities for Eqn. (5) to hold, f, and f, must be of opposite nature, i, ifone ‘of the lenses is converging the other must be diverging. =05 or Fax F « (ii) Ifthe achromatic combinat

n;) atan angle of incidence as shown MEDIUM! in the figure. The ange 0 is infinitesimally greater than the cial angle for the two media so that total intemal reflection takes place. Now if a transparentslab DEPG of uniform thickness and of refractive index nis intyoduced on the interface (as shown in the figure), show that for any value of ng alight will imately be reflected back again into medium I ‘Consider separately the casos (ng 9, i) MEDIUM IL (ea) MEDIUM a) ‘A tight angle prism (45°-90"-45") of refractive index n has a plane of refractive index ny (ny

You might also like

• The Subtle Art of Not Giving a F*ck: A Counterintuitive Approach to Living a Good Life

  

  From Everand

  The Subtle Art of Not Giving a F*ck: A Counterintuitive Approach to Living a Good Life

  Mark Manson

  Rating: 4 out of 5 stars

  4/5 (5814)
• The Gifts of Imperfection: Let Go of Who You Think You're Supposed to Be and Embrace Who You Are

  

  From Everand

  The Gifts of Imperfection: Let Go of Who You Think You're Supposed to Be and Embrace Who You Are

  Brene Brown

  Rating: 4 out of 5 stars

  4/5 (1092)
• Never Split the Difference: Negotiating As If Your Life Depended On It

  

  From Everand

  Never Split the Difference: Negotiating As If Your Life Depended On It

  Chris Voss

  Rating: 4.5 out of 5 stars

  4.5/5 (845)
• • Magazines
  • Podcasts
  • Sheet music
• Principles: Life and Work

  

  From Everand

  Principles: Life and Work

  Ray Dalio

  Rating: 4 out of 5 stars

  4/5 (609)
• The Glass Castle: A Memoir

  

  From Everand

  The Glass Castle: A Memoir

  Jeannette Walls

  Rating: 4.5 out of 5 stars

  4.5/5 (1717)
• Grit: The Power of Passion and Perseverance

  

  From Everand

  Grit: The Power of Passion and Perseverance

  Angela Duckworth

  Rating: 4 out of 5 stars

  4/5 (590)
• Sing, Unburied, Sing: A Novel

  

  From Everand

  Sing, Unburied, Sing: A Novel

  Jesmyn Ward

  Rating: 4 out of 5 stars

  4/5 (1104)
• Hidden Figures: The American Dream and the Untold Story of the Black Women Mathematicians Who Helped Win the Space Race

  

  From Everand

  Hidden Figures: The American Dream and the Untold Story of the Black Women Mathematicians Who Helped Win the Space Race

  Margot Lee Shetterly

  Rating: 4 out of 5 stars

  4/5 (897)
• Shoe Dog: A Memoir by the Creator of Nike

  

  From Everand

  Shoe Dog: A Memoir by the Creator of Nike

  Phil Knight

  Rating: 4.5 out of 5 stars

  4.5/5 (540)
• The Perks of Being a Wallflower

  

  From Everand

  The Perks of Being a Wallflower

  Stephen Chbosky

  Rating: 4.5 out of 5 stars

  4.5/5 (2104)
• The Hard Thing About Hard Things: Building a Business When There Are No Easy Answers

  

  From Everand

  The Hard Thing About Hard Things: Building a Business When There Are No Easy Answers

  Ben Horowitz

  Rating: 4.5 out of 5 stars

  4.5/5 (348)
• Bad Feminist: Essays

  

  From Everand

  Bad Feminist: Essays

  Roxane Gay

  Rating: 4 out of 5 stars

  4/5 (1018)
• Elon Musk: Tesla, SpaceX, and the Quest for a Fantastic Future

  

  From Everand

  Elon Musk: Tesla, SpaceX, and the Quest for a Fantastic Future

  Ashlee Vance

  Rating: 4.5 out of 5 stars

  4.5/5 (474)
• Her Body and Other Parties: Stories

  

  From Everand

  Her Body and Other Parties: Stories

  Carmen Maria Machado

  Rating: 4 out of 5 stars

  4/5 (822)
• The Outsider: A Novel

  

  From Everand

  The Outsider: A Novel

  Stephen King

  Rating: 4 out of 5 stars

  4/5 (1866)
• The Emperor of All Maladies: A Biography of Cancer

  

  From Everand

  The Emperor of All Maladies: A Biography of Cancer

  Siddhartha Mukherjee

  Rating: 4.5 out of 5 stars

  4.5/5 (271)
• The Sympathizer: A Novel (Pulitzer Prize for Fiction)

  

  From Everand

  The Sympathizer: A Novel (Pulitzer Prize for Fiction)

  Viet Thanh Nguyen

  Rating: 4.5 out of 5 stars

  4.5/5 (122)
• Angela's Ashes: A Memoir

  

  From Everand

  Angela's Ashes: A Memoir

  Frank McCourt

  Rating: 4.5 out of 5 stars

  4.5/5 (441)
• Brooklyn: A Novel

  

  From Everand

  Brooklyn: A Novel

  Colm Tóibín

  Rating: 3.5 out of 5 stars

  3.5/5 (1947)
• The Little Book of Hygge: Danish Secrets to Happy Living

  

  From Everand

  The Little Book of Hygge: Danish Secrets to Happy Living

  Meik Wiking

  Rating: 3.5 out of 5 stars

  3.5/5 (401)
• A Man Called Ove: A Novel

  

  From Everand

  A Man Called Ove: A Novel

  Fredrik Backman

  Rating: 4.5 out of 5 stars

  4.5/5 (4770)
• The World Is Flat 3.0: A Brief History of the Twenty-first Century

  

  From Everand

  The World Is Flat 3.0: A Brief History of the Twenty-first Century

  Thomas L. Friedman

  Rating: 3.5 out of 5 stars

  3.5/5 (2259)
• Steve Jobs

  

  From Everand

  Steve Jobs

  Walter Isaacson

  Rating: 4.5 out of 5 stars

  4.5/5 (807)
• The Art of Racing in the Rain: A Novel

  

  From Everand

  The Art of Racing in the Rain: A Novel

  Garth Stein

  Rating: 4 out of 5 stars

  4/5 (4203)
• The Yellow House: A Memoir (2019 National Book Award Winner)

  

  From Everand

  The Yellow House: A Memoir (2019 National Book Award Winner)

  Sarah M. Broom

  Rating: 4 out of 5 stars

  4/5 (98)
• Devil in the Grove: Thurgood Marshall, the Groveland Boys, and the Dawn of a New America

  

  From Everand

  Devil in the Grove: Thurgood Marshall, the Groveland Boys, and the Dawn of a New America

  Gilbert King

  Rating: 4.5 out of 5 stars

  4.5/5 (266)
• A Tree Grows in Brooklyn

  

  From Everand

  A Tree Grows in Brooklyn

  Betty Smith

  Rating: 4.5 out of 5 stars

  4.5/5 (1929)
• Yes Please

  

  From Everand

  Yes Please

  Amy Poehler

  Rating: 4 out of 5 stars

  4/5 (1898)
• A Heartbreaking Work Of Staggering Genius: A Memoir Based on a True Story

  

  From Everand

  A Heartbreaking Work Of Staggering Genius: A Memoir Based on a True Story

  Dave Eggers

  Rating: 3.5 out of 5 stars

  3.5/5 (231)
• Team of Rivals: The Political Genius of Abraham Lincoln

  

  From Everand

  Team of Rivals: The Political Genius of Abraham Lincoln

  Doris Kearns Goodwin

  Rating: 4.5 out of 5 stars

  4.5/5 (234)
• The Woman in Cabin 10

  

  From Everand

  The Woman in Cabin 10

  Ruth Ware

  Rating: 3.5 out of 5 stars

  3.5/5 (2522)
• Fear: Trump in the White House

  

  From Everand

  Fear: Trump in the White House

  Bob Woodward

  Rating: 3.5 out of 5 stars

  3.5/5 (738)
• Wolf Hall: A Novel

  

  From Everand

  Wolf Hall: A Novel

  Hilary Mantel

  Rating: 4 out of 5 stars

  4/5 (3811)
• John Adams

  

  From Everand

  John Adams

  David McCullough

  Rating: 4.5 out of 5 stars

  4.5/5 (2409)
• On Fire: The (Burning) Case for a Green New Deal

  

  From Everand

  On Fire: The (Burning) Case for a Green New Deal

  Naomi Klein

  Rating: 4 out of 5 stars

  4/5 (74)
• The Light Between Oceans: A Novel

  

  From Everand

  The Light Between Oceans: A Novel

  M.L. Stedman

  Rating: 4.5 out of 5 stars

  4.5/5 (789)
• Manhattan Beach: A Novel

  

  From Everand

  Manhattan Beach: A Novel

  Jennifer Egan

  Rating: 3.5 out of 5 stars

  3.5/5 (792)
• The Constant Gardener: A Novel

  

  From Everand

  The Constant Gardener: A Novel

  John le Carré

  Rating: 3.5 out of 5 stars

  3.5/5 (104)
• The Unwinding: An Inner History of the New America

  

  From Everand

  The Unwinding: An Inner History of the New America

  George Packer

  Rating: 4 out of 5 stars

  4/5 (45)
• Rise of ISIS: A Threat We Can't Ignore

  

  From Everand

  Rise of ISIS: A Threat We Can't Ignore

  Jay Sekulow

  Rating: 3.5 out of 5 stars

  3.5/5 (137)
• Little Women

  

  From Everand

  Little Women

  Louisa May Alcott

  Rating: 4 out of 5 stars

  4/5 (104)
• Gaseous State

  

  Document3 pages

  Gaseous State

  tan jig

  No ratings yet
• Eudiometry:: Ans. Sol

  

  Document2 pages

  Eudiometry:: Ans. Sol

  tan jig

  No ratings yet
• Animal Tissue

  

  Document42 pages

  Animal Tissue

  tan jig

  No ratings yet
• Hybridization

  

  Document9 pages

  Hybridization

  tan jig

  0% (1)
• Ray Optics PDF

  

  Document106 pages

  Ray Optics PDF

  tan jig

  No ratings yet
• Atomic Structure DPP 2 PDF

  

  Document2 pages

  Atomic Structure DPP 2 PDF

  tan jig

  0% (1)
• Mathematical Tools and Vector DPP 8

  

  Document2 pages

  Mathematical Tools and Vector DPP 8

  tan jig

  No ratings yet
• Mathematical Tools and Vector DPP 4

  

  Document3 pages

  Mathematical Tools and Vector DPP 4

  tan jig

  No ratings yet
• Kvpy Mock Test - 2: Classroom Contact Programme

  

  Document15 pages

  Kvpy Mock Test - 2: Classroom Contact Programme

  tan jig

  No ratings yet
• Kvpy Mock Test - 2: Classroom Contact Programme

  

  Document28 pages

  Kvpy Mock Test - 2: Classroom Contact Programme

  tan jig

  No ratings yet
• Allen Score 2014-15 Paper 10 PDF

  

  Document32 pages

  Allen Score 2014-15 Paper 10 PDF

  tan jig

  No ratings yet