Name: Prakash Pokhrel

Roll No: 073 bel 325

Assignment: Tutorial 1
Micro-Hydro
Solution:
1.
Here, Power to be supplied (P) = 80 KW
Head of waterfall (H)= 40m
Assume, net efficiency ( ηnet) = 0.50 [ net resultant efficiency after civil, penstock,
generators , turbines, transformers , transmission lines consideration]
Discharge of waterfall (Q) = ?
We have,
P= 9.8 × ηnet × Q × H KW
Or, 80 = 9.8 ×0.5 × Q ×40
⸫ Q = 0.4081 m3/s = 408.1 liters/sec

2.
Here, Power to be supplied (P) = ?
Head of waterfall (H)=100 feet = 100 × 0.3048 m = 30.48m [ 1 feet = 0.3048 m ]
Assume, net efficiency ( ηnet) = 0.50 [ net resultant efficiency after civil, penstock,
generators , turbines, transformers , transmission lines consideration]
Discharge of waterfall (Q) = 125 liters/sec = 125 × 10-3 m3/sec
We have,
P= 9.8 × ηnet × Q × H KW
Or, P= 9.8 ×0.5 × 125 × 10-3 × 30.48
⸫ P = 18.669 KW
3.
Given:
Plant Capacity= 15 KW
Consumption= 10 KW of power 8 hrs a day
Average load
Load Factor=
Maximumload ∈a giventime period
10
=
15
= 0.67
total energy consumed∈a time period T
Now, Plant Factor =
maximum energy available ∈a time period T
10× 8
=
15× 24
= 0.22
4.
Here, Total Annual Investment = Bank Cost + O&M Cost
= 3000$ +300$
= 3300$
Plant Capacity = 5KW
Consumption = 2 KW , 6 hrs. a day
Now,
total energy consumed∈a time period T
Plant Factor =
maximum energy available ∈a time period T
2× 6
=
5× 24
= 0.10
In annual basis,
total energy consumed∈a year
Plant Factor =
maximum energy available ∈a year
annual energy consumption
Or, 0.10 =
5 ×24 ×365
⸫ annual energy consumption = 4380 KWhr
 Total annual investment 3300
Per KWhr consumption cost = = $/KWhr = 0.7534 $/unit
annual energy consumption 4380

5.
Solution:
i. Setting Up Priority:
 Irrigation
 Lighting
 Milling
 Battery Charging
 HS Cookers

From Monthly discharge Flow Curve, minimum discharge = 160 liters/sec = 0.16 m3/sec
Gross Head available = 50m
Is available throughout all months of every seasons. Minimum output of micro-hydro plant
available for construction for this discharge = 9.8 ×0.5 ×0.16 ×50 = 40 KW
During dry season, the main priority of farmers is the sufficient availability of water for
irrigation. According to question, minimum discharge of (400 × 5m3 ×2 = 4000 m3/sec) should
be available after consideration of growth in farmers demand in 4 years. Considering the
minimum discharge of 0.16 m3/sec in the driest season, 0.16 ×60× 60 ×8 m3/sec = 4608 m3/sec is
actually available taking 8 hours for irrigation during time of 12 pm to 8 am. Therefore, priority
first is met by our design.
A demand/supply graph for a typical day in a dry season can be constructed as below:
 Milling Battery Charging HS cookers Lighting Irrigation
45

40

35

30

25

20 40 39.2
4
15
2
10

5
12
0
(8am-4pm) (6pm-12pm) (12pm-8am)

Now,
(40 KW lighting× 6 hrs+12 KW milling × 8 hrs)
 Plant factor for primary loads = = 0.35
40× 24

5 KW × 9
 Plant factor considering secondary loads = 0.35 + = 0.35+0.09375 = 0.44375
40 KW × 12

 Allowing one months for down-time, Plant factor = 0.44375 ×11/12 = 0.4067

Allowing 10 % of the annual capital cost for operation and maintenance cost. Annual
Capital Cost = 4000$

4000+10 % of 4000 4400

 Unit energy cost = $/unit = $/unit =0.0308 $/unit which
0.4067 ×40 × 365× 24 142532.5
is less than per unit cost of plant employed by diesel powered mill and generator.

 Therefore, the above-mentioned micro-hydro is the viable proposition.