CSC134

INTRODUCTION TO POLYCYSTIC KIDNEY DISEASE (PKD)

APRIL 13, 2020

SHAFIKA SHUBARUDDIN
2018636358
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Table of contents

Contents

1.0 INTRODUCTION TO POLYCYSTIC KIDNEY DISEASE......................................1

1.1 ADPKD VS. ARPKD...................................................................................2

2.0 POLYCYSCTIC KIDNEY DISEASE VS. NORMAL KIDNEY................................3

3.0. SYMPTOM & DIAGNOSIS....................................................................................4

4.0 ALTERNATIVE TREATMENT...............................................................................5

5.0 REFERENCES......................................................................................................6

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Body of Assignment

1.0 INTRODUCTION

Polycystic Kidney Disease (PKD) is a genetic disease that lead the kidneys to
grow multiple cysts. It grows from tiny filters in the kidney called nephrons and as the
cysts grow larger, blood flow becomes strained and can lead to tissue destruction.
PKD categorized into two (Philips, 2018). It can be recognized as ‘Autosomal
Dominant Polycystic Kidney Disease’ (ADPKD) and ‘Autosomal Recessive
Polycystic Kidney Disease’ (ARPKD). The ADPKD condition is when one of the
parents is the carrier or met the PKD condition while ARPD condition is when both
parents are carrier and met the PKD condition.

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Body of Assignment

1.1 ADPKD VS. ARPKD

Table 1.1 Table of ADPKD vs. ARPKD (Noureddine, Hajarnis, & Patel, 2013)

Autosomal dominant polycystic kidney Autosomal recessive polycystic kidney

disease (ADPKD) disease (ARPKD)

~1:400 – 1:1000 live births ~1:20, 000 live births

Incidence/Prevalence
~600, 000 patients in USA ~115,000 patients in USA

Outcomes and > 50% of patients develop kidney failure

~ 50% of patients develop kidney failure
Complications before 20 years of age
2.0 POLYCYSTIC KIDNEY DISEASE VS NORMAL DISEASE

The PKD renal physiology are differ from a normal renal physiology. A PKD
physiology has a gene mutation occurred at cell of renal tubular epithelial cell cross
section while the normal physiology of cell renal tubular epithelial cells constructed
as encoded normally. The normal renal system would be constructed without the
cyst as cell proliferation and cell secretion are at normal discharge. However, the
PKD physiology are vice versa. This lead to size and amount of cyst formed
affected, resulting kidney to four times normal size and body system unable to work
properly due to improper filtration. (US, 2018).

Figure 2.1: Normal Kidney vs. Polycystic Kidney (American Kidney Fund, 2020)
3.0 SYMPTOM & DIAGNOSIS

Polycystic Kidney Disease (PKD) symptoms are high blood pressure, kidney
failure, blood in urine, abnormal hormone in ADH and cardiovascular disease. Those
symptoms can be diagnoses and check via ultrasound, positive family history
background check, blood test and urine test.
4.0 ALTERNATIVE TREATMENT

Due to PKD is a hereditary case therefore it is a minimal amount of cases

reported however, once diagnose with this disease the patient carried a burn in their
whole daily life due to renal failure and need a compatible donor avoiding rejection.
Therefore, the latest founding stated that tolvaptan as alternative treatment for
ADPKD. It functions in slowing down the rapid progress of ADPKD. However, this
medicine only available in country that is highly diagnosed with ADPKD and hard to
find in Malaysia that is rare cases of ADPKD. Those countries are including Japan,
Canada, Hong Kong.
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Reference

References

American Kidney Fund. (2020). American Kidney Fund. Retrieved 13 April, 2020, from 2020 American
Kidney Fund, Inc.: https://www.google.com/search?
q=ADPKD+VS+NORMAL+KIDNEY&source=lnms&tbm=isch
&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjMypuF_uToAhWOyjgGHUe1CNoQ_AUoAXoECA4QAw&biw=1517&bi
h=675

Noureddine, L., Hajarnis, S., & Patel, V. (2013). ScienceDirect. Retrieved 13 April, 2020, from 2020
Elsevier B.V.: https://images.app.goo.gl/o9u3us9NYh5cb8qR9

Philips, N. (23 February, 2018). healthline. Retrieved from healthline:

https://www.healthline.com/health/polycystic-kidney-disease

US, O. (23 January, 2018). Otsuka US. Retrieved from youtube:

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=gJ3NLoiXhsQ