NG 2000

ARTICLE NG-2000
NG-2100 General Requirements for Material . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11

NG-2110 Scope of Principal Terms Employed . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11
NG-2120 Material for Core Support Structures . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11
NG-2121 Permitted Material Specifications. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11
NG-2122 Special Requirements Conflicting With Permitted Material Specifications . . . . . . . . . . 11
NG-2124 Size Ranges . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12
NG-2130 Certification of Material . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12
NG-2140 Welding Material . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12
NG-2150 Material Identification . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12
NG-2160 Deterioration of Material in Service. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12
NG-2170 Heat Treatment to Enhance Impact Properties . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12
NG-2180 Procedures for Heat Treatment of Material . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12
NG-2190 Temporary Attachment Material . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12
NG-2200 Material Test Coupons and Specimens for Ferritic Steel Material . . . . . . . . . . . . 13
NG-2210 Heat Treatment Requirements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13
NG-2211 Test Coupon Heat Treatment for Ferritic Material . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13
NG-2212 Test Coupon Heat Treatment for Quenched and Tempered Material . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13
NG-2212.1 Cooling Rates . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13
NG-2212.2 General Procedures. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13
NG-2220 Procedure for Obtaining Test Coupons and Specimens for Quenched and
Tempered Material . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13
NG-2221 General Requirements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13
NG-2222 Plates . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13
NG-2222.1 Number of Tension Test Coupons . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13
NG-2222.2 Orientation and Location of Coupons . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14
NG-2222.3 Requirements for Separate Test Coupons . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14
NG-2223 Forgings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14
NG-2223.1 Location of Coupons . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14
NG-2223.2 Very Thick and Complex Forgings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14
NG-2223.3 Coupons From Separately Produced Test Forgings. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14
NG-2224 Location of Coupons . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14
NG-2225 Tubular Products and Fittings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15
NG-2225.1 Location of Coupons . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15
NG-2225.2 Separately Produced Coupons Representing Fittings. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15
NG-2226 Castings. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15
NG-2226.1 Castings With 2 in. (51 mm) Maximum Thickness and Less . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15
NG-2226.2 Castings With Thicknesses Exceeding 2 in. (51 mm) Maximum Thickness. . . . . . . . 15
NG-2226.3 Separately Cast Test Coupons for Castings With Thicknesses Exceeding 2 in.
(51 mm) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15
NG-2226.4 Castings Machined or Cast to Finished Configuration Before Heat Treatment . . . . . 15
7
NG-2300 Fracture Toughness Requirements for Material . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15
NG-2310 Material to Be Impact Tested . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15
NG-2311 Components for Which Impact Testing of Material Is Required. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15
NG-2320 Impact Test Procedures . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16
NG-2321 Types of Tests . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16
NG-2321.1 Drop Weight Tests . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16
NG-2321.2 Charpy V-Notch Tests. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16
NG-2322 Test Specimens . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16
NG-2322.1 Location of Test Specimens . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16
NG-2322.2 Orientation of Impact Test Specimens . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16
NG-2330 Test Requirements and Acceptance Standards . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16
NG-2331 Material for Core Support Structures Not Exceeding 2 in. (51 mm) Maximum
Thickness . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16
NG-2332 Material With Thickness Exceeding 2 in. (51 mm) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17
NG-2333 Threaded Structural Fasteners . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17
NG-2340 Number of Impact Tests Required . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18
NG-2341 Plates . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18
NG-2342 Forgings and Castings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18
NG-2343 Bars . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18
NG-2344 Tubular Products and Fittings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18
NG-2345 Threaded Structural Fastener Material . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18
NG-2346 Test Definition. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18
NG-2350 Retests. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18
NG-2360 Calibration of Instruments and Equipment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19
NG-2400 Welding Material . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19

NG-2410 General Requirements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19
NG-2420 Required Tests. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19
NG-2430 Weld Metal Tests . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20
NG-2431 Mechanical Properties Test. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20
NG-2431.1 General Test Requirements. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20
NG-2431.2 Standard Test Requirements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21
NG-2432 Chemical Analysis Test. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22
NG-2432.1 Test Method. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22
NG-2432.2 Requirements for Chemical Analysis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22
NG-2433 Delta Ferrite Determination . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23
NG-2433.1 Method . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23
NG-2433.2 Acceptance Standards. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23
NG-2440 Storage and Handling of Welding Material . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23
NG-2500 Examination and Repair of Core Support Structure Material . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23

NG-2510 Examination of Core Support Structure Material. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23
NG-2520 Examination After Quenching and Tempering . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23
NG-2530 Examination and Repair of Plate . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23
NG-2531 Required Examination . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23
NG-2532 Examination Procedures. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23
NG-2532.1 Straight Beam Examination . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23
NG-2532.2 Angle Beam Examination . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25
NG-2537 Time of Examination . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25
NG-2538 Elimination of Surface Defects . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25
NG-2539 Repair by Welding . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25
8
NG-2539.1 Defect Removal. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25
NG-2539.2 Qualification of Welding Procedures and Welders . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25
NG-2539.3 Blending of Repaired Areas . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25
NG-2539.4 Examination of Repair Welds . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25
NG-2539.5 Heat Treatment After Repairs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26
NG-2539.6 Material Report Describing Defects and Repairs. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26
NG-2540 Examination and Repair of Forgings and Bars . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26
NG-2541 Required Examinations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26
NG-2542 Ultrasonic Examination . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26
NG-2542.1 Examination Procedure . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26
NG-2545 Magnetic Particle Examination. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26
NG-2545.2 Evaluation of Indications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26
NG-2546 Liquid Penetrant Examination . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27
NG-2546.2 Evaluation of Indications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27
NG-2550 Examination and Repair of Seamless and Welded Tubular Products and
Fittings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28
NG-2551 Required Examination . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28
NG-2552 Ultrasonic Examination . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28
NG-2552.2 Reference Specimens . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28
NG-2552.3 Checking and Calibration of Equipment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28
NG-2553 Radiographic Examination. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28
NG-2570 Examination and Repair of Statically and Centrifugally Cast Products . . . . . . . . . . . . 29
NG-2571.1 General Requirements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29
NG-2571.2 Alternative General Requirements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29
NG-2572 Ultrasonic Examination of Castings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30
NG-2572.1 Straight Beam Method. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30
NG-2572.2 Angle Beam Method . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30
NG-2573 Radiographic Examination. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30
NG-2573.1 Extent, Methods, and Acceptance Standards. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30
NG-2573.2 Procedure . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31
NG-2573.3 Film Identification. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31
NG-2577.1 Ultrasonic Examination . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31
NG-2577.2 Radiographic Examination. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31
NG-2577.3 Magnetic Particle or Liquid Penetrant Examination . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32
9
NG-2579.1 Defect Removal. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32
NG-2579.2 Qualification of Welding Procedures and Welders . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32
NG-2579.3 Blending of Repaired Areas . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32
NG-2579.4 Examination of Repair Welds . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32
NG-2579.5 Heat Treatment After Weld Repair . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32
NG-2579.6 Material Report Describing Defects and Repairs. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32
NG-2580 Examination of Threaded Structural Fasteners . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32
NG-2582 Visual Examination . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32
NG-2583 Magnetic Particle or Liquid Penetrant Examination . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32
NG-2584 Ultrasonic Examination for Sizes Greater Than 1⁄2 in. (13 mm) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33
NG-2584.1 Ultrasonic Method . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33
NG-2584.3 Calibration of Equipment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33
NG-2585 Ultrasonic Examination for Sizes Over 4 in. (102 mm) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33
NG-2585.1 Ultrasonic Method . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33
NG-2585.3 Calibration of Equipment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33
NG-2600 Material Organizations’ Quality System Programs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33

NG-2610 Documentation and Maintenance of Quality System Programs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33
Figure
NG-2433.1-1 Weld Metal Delta Ferrite Content . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24
Tables
NG-2331(a)-1 Required C v Values for Core Structure Material With 2 in. Maximum
Thickness (Other Than Threaded Structural Fasteners) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17
NG-2333-1 Required C v Values for Threaded Structural Fastener Material. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17
NG-2432.1-1 Sampling of Welding Materials for Chemical Analysis. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22
NG-2432.2-1 Welding Material Chemical Analysis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23
10
ARTICLE NG-2000
MATERIAL
NG-2100 GENERAL REQUIREMENTS surfacing material (Section IX, QW-251.4), cladding

FOR MATERIAL which is 10% or less of the thickness of the base
material (NG-3122), or the material excluded by NG-
98 NG-2110 SCOPE OF PRINCIPAL TERMS 4231.2, shall conform to the requirements of the specifi-
EMPLOYED cations for material given in Tables 2A, 2B, and 4,
(a) The term material as used in this Subsection is Section II, Part D, Subpart 1 and to all of the special
defined in NCA-1220. The term Material Organization requirements of this Article which apply to the product
is defined in NCA-9000. form in which the material is used.
(b) The requirements of this Article make reference (b) The requirements of this Article apply to the
to the term thickness. For the purpose intended, the internal structures (NG-1122) only as specifically stipu-
following definitions of nominal thickness apply: lated by the Certificate Holder; however, the Certificate
(1) plate — the thickness is the dimension of the Holder shall certify that the material used for the
short transverse direction internal structures shall not adversely affect the integrity
(2) forgings — the thickness is the dimension of the core support structure.
defined as follows: (c) Welding material used in manufacture of items
(a) hollow forgings — the nominal thickness is shall comply with an SFA Specification in Section II,
measured between the inside and outside surfaces (radial Part C, except as otherwise permitted in Section IX,
thickness) and shall also comply with the applicable requirements
(b) disk forgings (axial length less than the of this Article. The requirements of this Article do not
outside diameter) — the nominal thickness is the axial apply to materials used as backing rings or backing
length strips in welded joints.
(c) flat ring forgings (axial length less than the
radial thickness) — for axial length ≤ 2 in. (51 mm), NG-2122 Special Requirements Conflicting With
the axial length is the nominal thickness; for axial Permitted Material Specifications
length > 2 in. (51 mm), the radial thickness is the
nominal thickness Special requirements stipulated in this Article shall
(d) rectangular solid forgings — the least rectan- apply in lieu of the requirements of the material specifi-
gular dimension is the nominal thickness cation wherever the special requirements conflict with
(3) castings — thickness, t, is defined as the largest the material specification requirements (NCA-3856).
nominal thickness of the load carrying portion of the Where the special requirements include an examination,
casting. test, or treatment which is also required by the material
specification, the examination, test, or treatment need
be performed only once. Required nondestructive exami-
nations shall be performed as specified for each product
NG-2120 MATERIAL FOR CORE SUPPORT form in NG-2500. Any examination, repair, test, or
STRUCTURES treatment required by the material specification or this
Article may be performed by the Material Organization
NG-2121 Permitted Material Specifications
or the Certificate Holder as provided in NG-4121.1.
(a) Core support structural material, and material Any hydrostatic or pneumatic pressure test required by
welded thereto, and threaded structural fasteners, with a material specification need not be performed provided
the exception of welding material (NG-2430), hard the material is not used in a pressure retaining function.
11
NG-2124 1998 SECTION III, DIVISION 1 — NG NG-2190
NG-2124 Size Ranges cations (NCA-3250), with specific attention being given
to the effects of service conditions upon the properties
Material outside the limits of size or thickness given
of the material.
in any specification in Section II may be used if the
material is in compliance with the other requirements
of the specification and no size limitation is given in
the rules for construction. In those specifications in
which chemical composition, mechanical properties, or
both are indicated to vary with size or thickness, any
material outside the specification range shall be required
to conform to the composition and mechanical properties NG-2170 HEAT TREATMENT TO ENHANCE
shown for the nearest specified range (NCA-3856). IMPACT PROPERTIES
Carbon steels, low alloy steels, and high alloy chro-
NG-2130 CERTIFICATION OF MATERIAL mium (Series 4XX) steels may be heat treated by
quenching and tempering to enhance their impact prop-
All material used in the construction or installation erties. Postweld heat treatment of the component at a
of core support structures shall be certified as required temperature of not less than 1100°F may be considered
in NCA-3862 and NCA-3861. Certified Material Test to be the tempering phase of the heat treatment.
Reports are required for core support material except
as provided by NCA-3862. A Certificate of Compliance
may be provided in lieu of Certified Material Test
Reports for all other material. Copies of all Certified
Material Test Reports and Certificates of Compliance
applicable to material used in a core support structure
shall be furnished with the material.
NG-2180 PROCEDURES FOR HEAT
TREATMENT OF MATERIAL
NG-2140 WELDING MATERIAL
When heat treating temperature or time is required
For the requirements governing the material to be by the material specification and the rules of this
used for welding, see NG-2400. Subsection, the heat treating shall be performed in
temperature-surveyed and -calibrated furnaces or the
heat treating shall be controlled by measurement of
NG-2150 MATERIAL IDENTIFICATION material temperature by thermocouples in contact with
the material or attached to blocks in contact with the
The identification of material for core support struc- material or by calibrated pyrometric instruments. Heat
tures shall meet the requirements of NCA-3856. Material treating shall be performed under furnace loading condi-
for small items shall be controlled during manufacture tions such that the heat treatment is in accordance
of the core support structures so that they are identifiable with the material specification and the rules of this
as acceptable material at all times. Welding material Subsection.
shall be controlled during the repair of material and
the manufacture and installation of core support struc-
tures so that they are identifiable as acceptable material
until the material is actually consumed in the process
(NG-4122).
NG-2160 DETERIORATION OF MATERIAL NG-2190 TEMPORARY ATTACHMENT

IN SERVICE MATERIAL
Consideration of deterioration of material caused by Material used for temporary attachments need not
service is generally outside the scope of this Subsection. comply with NG-2000 and may be welded to the core
It is the responsibility of the Owner to select material support structure provided the requirements of NG-
suitable for the conditions stated in the Design Specifi- 4430 are met.
12
NG-2200 ARTICLE NG-2000 — MATERIAL NG-2222.1
NG-2200 MATERIAL TEST COUPONS in accordance with NG-2220. Further specific details
AND SPECIMENS FOR of the methods to be used shall be the obligation of
FERRITIC STEEL MATERIAL the Material Organization and the Certificate Holder.
(a) Any procedure may be used which can be demon-
NG-2210 HEAT TREATMENT strated to produce a cooling rate in the test material
REQUIREMENTS that matches the cooling rate of the main body of the
NG-2211 Test Coupon Heat Treatment for product at the region midway between midthickness
Ferritic Material1 and the surface (1⁄4t) and no nearer any heat treated
edge than a distance equal to the nominal thickness t
Where ferritic steel material is subjected to heat being quenched within 25°F (14°C) and 20 sec at all
treatment during construction, the material used for the temperatures after cooling begins from the austenitizing
tensile and impact test specimens shall be heat treated temperature.
in the same manner as the core support structures, (b) If cooling rate data for the material and cooling
except that test coupons and specimens for P-No. 1 rate control devices for the test specimens are available,
material with a nominal thickness of 2 in. (51 mm) the test specimens may be heat treated in the device
or less are not required to be so heat treated. The to represent the material provided that the provisions
Certificate Holder shall provide the Material Organiza- of (a) above are met.
tion with the temperature and heating and cooling rate (c) When any of the specific procedures described
to be used. In the case of postweld heat treatment, the in NG-2220 are used, faster cooling rates at the edges
total time at temperature or temperatures for the test may be compensated for by:
material shall be at least 80% of the total time at (1) taking the test specimens at least t from a
temperature or temperatures during actual postweld heat quenched edge where t equals the material thickness;
treatment of the material and the total time at tempera- (2) attaching a steel pad at least t wide by a
ture or temperatures for the test material, coupon, or partial penetration weld (which completely seals the
specimen may be performed in a single cycle. buffered surface) to the edge where specimens are to
be removed;
NG-2212 Test Coupon Heat Treatment for (3) using thermal barriers or insulation at the edge
Quenched and Tempered Material where specimens are to be removed.
It shall be demonstrated (and this information shall be
NG-2212.1 Cooling Rates. Where ferritic steel mate-
included in the Certified Material Test Report) that the
rial is subjected to quenching from the austenitizing
cooling rates are equivalent to (a) or (b) above.
temperature, the test coupons representing those materi-
als shall be cooled at a rate similar to and no faster
than the main body of the material except in the case
of certain forgings and castings (NG-2223.3 and NG- NG-2220 PROCEDURE FOR OBTAINING
2226.4). This rule shall apply for coupons taken directly TEST COUPONS AND SPECIMENS
from the material as well as for separate test coupons FOR QUENCHED AND TEMPERED
representing the material, and one of the general proce- MATERIAL
dures described in NG-2212.2 or one of the specific NG-2221 General Requirements
procedures described in NG-2220 shall be used for
each product form. The procedure for obtaining test coupons and speci-
mens for quenched and tempered material is related to
NG-2212.2 General Procedures.2 One of the general the product form. Coupon and specimen location and
procedures stipulated in (a), (b), and (c) below may the number of tension test specimens shall be in accord-
be applied to quenched and tempered material or test ance with the material specifications, except as required
coupons representing the material, provided the speci- by this Subarticle. References to dimensions signify
mens are taken relative to the surface of the product nominal values.
1 Any postweld heat treatment time which is anticipated to be applied
to the material or item after it is completed shall be specified in
the Design Specifications. The Certificate Holder shall include this NG-2222 Plates
time in the total time at temperature specified to be applied to the
test specimens. NG-2222.1 Number of Tension Test Coupons. The
2 Annex A1 of SA-654 may be used to satisfy the requirements of number of tension test coupons required shall be in
NG-2212.2(a) and (b) for forgings. accordance with the material specification and SA-20,
13
NG-2222.1 1998 SECTION III, DIVISION 1 — NG NG-2224
except that from carbon steel plates weighing 42,000 the specimens shall not be nearer than 3⁄4 in. (19 mm)
lb (20050 kg) and over and alloy steel plates weighing to any heat treated surface and the midlength of the
40,000 lb (18140 kg) and over, two tension test coupons specimens shall be at least 11⁄2 in. (38 mm) from any
shall be taken, one representing the top end of the second heat treated surface.
plate and one representing the bottom end of the plate.
NG-2223.3 Coupons From Separately Produced
NG-2222.2 Orientation and Location of Coupons.
Test Forgings. Test coupons representing forgings from
Coupons shall be taken so that specimens shall have
one heat and one heat treatment lot may be taken from
their longitudinal axes at least 1⁄4t from a rolled surface
a separately forged piece under the conditions given
and with the midlength of the specimen at least t from
in (a) through (e) below.
any heat treated edge, where t is the nominal thickness
(a) The separate test forging shall be of the same
of the material.
heat of material and shall be subjected to substantially
NG-2222.3 Requirements for Separate Test Cou- the same reduction and working as the production
pons. Where a separate test coupon is used to represent forging it represents.
the core support structure material, it shall be of suffi- (b) The separate test forging shall be heat treated
cient size to ensure that the cooling rate of the region in the same furnace charge and under the same condi-
from which the test coupons are removed represents tions as the production forging.
the cooling rate of the material at least 1⁄4t deep and (c) The separate test forging shall be of the same
t from any edge of the product. Unless cooling rates nominal thickness as the production forging.
applicable to the bulk pieces or product are simulated (d) Test coupons for simple forgings shall be taken
in accordance with NG-2212.2(b), the dimensions of so that specimens shall have their longitudinal axes at
the coupon shall be not less than 3t × 3t × t, where the region midway between midthickness and the surface
t is the nominal material thickness. and with the midlength of the specimens no nearer
any heat treated edge than a distance equal to the
forging thickness except when the thickness-to-length
NG-2223 Forgings ratio of the production forging does not permit, in
NG-2223.1 Location of Coupons. Coupons shall be which case a production forging shall be used as the
taken so that specimens shall have their longitudinal test forging and the midlength of the specimens shall
axes at least 1⁄4t from any surface and with the midlength be at the midlength of the test forging.
of the specimens at least t from any second surface, (e) Test coupons for complex forgings shall be taken
where t is the maximum heat treated thickness. A in accordance with NG-2223.2.
thermal buffer as described in NG-2212.2(c) may be
used to achieve these conditions, unless cooling rates
applicable to the bulk forgings are simulated as other-
wise provided in NG-2212.2. NG-2224 Location of Coupons
NG-2223.2 Very Thick and Complex Forgings. (a) Bars. Coupons shall be taken so that specimens
Test coupons for forgings which are both very thick shall have their longitudinal axes at least 1⁄4t from the
and complex, such as contour nozzles, flanges, nozzles, outside or rolled surface and with the midlength of
and other complex forgings that are contour shaped or the specimens at least t from a heat treated end, where
machined to essentially the finished product configura- t is either the bar diameter or thickness.
tion prior to heat treatment, may be removed from (b) Bolting Material. For bolting material, the cou-
prolongations or other stock provided on the product. pons shall be taken in conformance with the applicable
The Certificate Holder shall specify the surfaces of the material specification and with the midlength of the
finished product subjected to high tensile stresses in specimen at least one diameter or thickness from a
service. The coupons shall be taken so that specimens heat treated end. When the studs, nuts, or bolts are
shall have their longitudinal axes at a distance below not of sufficient length, the midlength of the specimen
the nearest heat treated surface, equivalent at least to shall be at the midlength of the studs, nuts, or bolts.
the greatest distance that the indicated high tensile The studs, nuts, or bolts selected to provide test coupon
stress surface will be from the nearest surface during material shall be identical with respect to the quenched
heat treatment, and with the midlength of the specimens contour and size except for length, which shall equal
a minimum of twice this distance from a second heat or exceed the length of the represented studs, nuts,
treated surface. In any case, the longitudinal axes of or bolts.
14
NG-2225 ARTICLE NG-2000 — MATERIAL NG-2311
NG-2225 Tubular Products and Fittings NG-2226.4 Castings Machined or Cast to Finished
Configuration Before Heat Treatment. In lieu of the
NG-2225.1 Location of Coupons. Coupons shall be
requirements of NG-2226.1, NG-2226.2, or NG-2226.3,
taken so that specimens shall have their longitudinal
test coupons may be removed from prolongations or
axes at least 1⁄4t from the inside or outside surface and
other stock provided on the product. The coupons shall
with the midlength of the specimens at least t from a
heat treated end, where t is the nominal wall thickness be taken so that specimens shall have their longitudinal
of the tubular product. axes at a distance below the nearest heat treated surface
equivalent at least to the greatest distance that the
NG-2225.2 Separately Produced Coupons Repre- indicated high tensile stress surface will be from the
senting Fittings. Separately produced test coupons rep- nearest outside surface during heat treatment and with
resenting fittings may be used. When separately pro- the midlength of the specimens a minimum of twice
duced coupons are used, the requirements of NG-2223.3 this distance from a second heat treated surface. In
shall be met. any case, the longitudinal axes of the specimens shall
be at least 3⁄4 in. (19 mm) from any heat treated surface
NG-2226 Castings and the midlength of the specimens shall be at least
11⁄2 in. (38 mm) from any second heat treated surface.
NG-2226.1 Castings With 2 in. (51 mm) Maximum The Certificate Holder shall specify the surfaces of the
Thickness and Less. For castings with a maximum finished product subjected to high tensile stresses in
thickness of 2 in. (51 mm) and less, the specimens service.
shall be taken from either the standard separately cast
coupons or the casting, in accordance with the material
specification.
NG-2300 FRACTURE TOUGHNESS
NG-2226.2 Castings With Thicknesses Exceeding REQUIREMENTS FOR
2 in. (51 mm) Maximum Thickness. For castings
MATERIAL
exceeding a thickness of 2 in. (51 mm), the coupons
shall be taken from the casting (or an extension of it) NG-2310 MATERIAL TO BE IMPACT
so that specimens shall have their longitudinal axes at TESTED
least 1⁄4t of the maximum heat treated thickness from
NG-2311 Components for Which Impact
any surface and with the midlength of the specimens
Testing of Material Is Required
at least t from any second surface. A thermal buffer
may be used [NG-2212.2(c)]. (a) When the Design Specifications for core support
NG-2226.3 Separately Cast Test Coupons for Cast- structures require impact testing3 they shall be impact
ings With Thicknesses Exceeding 2 in. (51 mm). In tested in accordance with the requirements of NG-
lieu of the requirements of NG-2226.2, separately cast 2300, except that the following materials are not to
test coupons may be used under the conditions in (a), be impact tested as a requirement of this Subsection:
(b), and (c) below. (1) material with a nominal section thickness of
5⁄ in. (16 mm) and less;
(a) The separate test coupon representing castings 8
from one heat and one heat treatment lot shall be of (2) threaded structural fasteners, including studs,
the same heat of material and shall be subjected to nuts, and bolts with a nominal size of 1 in. (25 mm)
substantially the same foundry practices as the produc- and less;
tion casting it represents. (3) bars with a nominal cross-sectional area of 1
(b) The separate test coupon shall be heat treated sq in. (645 mm2) and less;
in the same furnace charge and under the same condi- (4) all thicknesses of materials for pipe, tube, and
tions as the production casting, unless cooling rates fittings with a nominal pipe size 6 in. (DN 150) diameter
applicable to the bulk castings are simulated in accord- and smaller;
ance with NG-2212.2. (5) austenitic stainless steels;
(c) The separate test coupon shall be not less than (6) nonferrous material.
3t × 3t × t, where t equals the nominal thickness of (b) Drop weight tests are not required for martensitic
the casting. Test specimens shall be taken with their high alloy chromium (Series 4XX) steels and precipita-
longitudinal axes at the region midway between mid-
thickness and the surface and with the midlength of 3 When impact testing is required, the methods of Appendix G may
the specimens no nearer any heat treated edge than a be used as an alternative procedure for assuring protection against
distance equal to the casting thickness. nonductile fracture.
15
tion-hardening steels listed in Tables 2A and 2B, Sec- size except for length, which shall equal or exceed the
tion II, Part D, Subpart 1. The other requirements of length of the represented studs, nuts, or bolts.
NG-2331 and NG-2332 apply for these steels. For
nominal wall thickness greater than 21⁄2 in. (64 mm), NG-2322.2 Orientation of Impact Test Specimens
the required Cv value shall be 40 mils (1.00 mm) (a) Specimens for Charpy V-notch tests shall be
lateral expansion. oriented as follows.
(1) Specimens for forgings, other than threaded
structural fasteners and bars, shall be oriented in a
direction normal to the principal direction in which the
NG-2320 IMPACT TEST PROCEDURES material was worked. Specimens are neither required
NG-2321 Types of Tests nor prohibited from the thickness direction.
(2) Specimens from material for pipe, tube, and
NG-2321.1 Drop Weight Tests. The drop weight fittings, except for those made from plate, shall be
test, when required, shall be performed in accordance oriented in the axial direction.
with ASTM E 208-91. Specimen types P-1, P-2, or (3) Specimens from threaded structural fastener
P-3 may be used. The orientations and locations of all material and bars shall be oriented in the axial direction.
test specimens and the results of all tests performed (4) Specimens for all plate material, including
to meet the requirements of NG-2330 shall be reported those used for pipe, tube, and fittings, shall be oriented
in the Certified Material Test Report. in a direction normal to the principal rolling direction,
other than thickness direction.
NG-2321.2 Charpy V-Notch Tests. The Charpy V-
(5) Specimens for cast material shall have their
notch test (Cv), when required, shall be performed
axes oriented the same as the axes of the tensile
in accordance with SA-370. Specimens shall be in specimens (NG-2226).
accordance with SA-370, Fig. 11, Type A. A test shall (6) In cases (1) through (5) above, the length of
consist of a set of three full-size 10 mm × 10 mm the notch of the C v specimen shall be normal to the
specimens. The lateral expansion and absorbed energy, surface of the material.
as applicable, and the test temperature, as well as the (b) Specimens for drop weight tests may have their
orientation and location of all tests performed to meet axes oriented in any direction. The orientation used
the requirements of NG-2330 shall be reported in the shall be reported in the Certified Material Test Report.
Certified Material Test Report.
NG-2322 Test Specimens

NG-2330 TEST REQUIREMENTS AND
NG-2322.1 Location of Test Specimens. Impact test ACCEPTANCE STANDARDS4
specimens for quenched and tempered material shall
be removed from the locations in each product form NG-2331 Material for Core Support Structures
specified in NG-2220 for tensile test specimens. For Not Exceeding 2 in. (51 mm)
material in other heat treated conditions, impact test Maximum Thickness
specimens shall be removed from the locations specified Material for core support structures (other than
for tensile specimens in the material specification. For threaded structural fasteners) with nominal thickness 2
all other material, the number of tests shall be in in. (51 mm) and less shall be tested as required in (a)
accordance with NG-2340. For threaded structural fas- and (b) below.
teners, the Cv impact test specimens shall be taken (a) Test three Cv specimens at a temperature lower
with the longitudinal axis of the specimen located at than or equal to the lowest service temperature.5 All
least one-half radius or 1 in. (25 mm) below the surface
plus the machining allowance per side, whichever is
4 Inaddition to providing a basis for acceptance standards for material,
less. The fracture plane of the specimens shall be at
the test data are designated to be used as a basis for establishing
least one diameter or thickness from the heat treated in-service operation and for use in fracture prevention evaluation
end. When the studs, nuts, or bolts are not of sufficient (Appendix G).
length, the midlength of the specimen shall be at the 5 Lowest service temperature is the minimum temperature of the fluid
midlength of the studs, nuts, or bolts. The studs, nuts, around the component or, alternatively, the calculated volumetric
average metal temperature expected during normal operation whenever
or bolts selected to provide test coupon material shall the pressure within the reactor vessel exceeds 20% of the preopera-
be identical with respect to the quenched contour and tional system hydrostatic test pressure.
16
TABLE NG-2331(a)-1 TABLE NG-2333-1

REQUIRED Cv VALUES FOR CORE REQUIRED Cv VALUES FOR
STRUCTURE MATERIAL WITH 2 in. MAXIMUM THREADED STRUCTURAL FASTENER MATERIAL
THICKNESS (OTHER THAN THREADED
STRUCTURAL FASTENERS) Nominal Lateral Absorbed Energy,
Diameter, in. Expansion, mils ft-lb
Nominal Wall Lateral 1 or less No test required No test required
Thickness, in. Expansion, mils 1 through 4 25 No requirements
5⁄
8 or less No test required Over 4 25 45
Over 5⁄8 to 3⁄4, incl. 20
Over 3⁄4 to 11⁄2, incl. 25
Over 11⁄2 to 21⁄2, incl. 40
a minimum of 50 ft-lb energy absorption and 35 mils

lateral expansion may be obtained from a full C v impact
three specimens shall meet the requirements of Table curve developed from the minimum data points of all
NG-2331(a)-1. the Cv tests performed.
(b) Apply the procedures of (a) above to: (5) The lowest service temperature shall be not
(1) base material; lower than RTNDT + 100°F unless a lower temperature
(2) the base material, the heat affected zone, and is justified by using methods similar to those contained
weld metal from the weld procedure qualification tests in G-2000.
in accordance with NG-4330; (b) Apply the procedures of (a) above to:
(3) the weld metal of NG-2431. (1) the base material;
(2) the base material, the heat affected zone, and
NG-2332 Material With Thickness Exceeding 2 weld metal from the weld procedure qualification tests
in. (51 mm) in accordance with NG-4330;
(3) the weld metal of NG-2431.
Material for core support structures (other than (c) Product forms having dimensions which prohibit
threaded structural fasteners) with nominal wall thick- obtaining drop weight test specimens shall be tested
ness over 2 in. (51 mm) shall meet the requirements in accordance with NG-2331.
of (a) through (d) below. (d) Consideration shall be given to the effects of
(a) Establish a reference temperature RTNDT ; this irradiation on material toughness properties (such as
shall be done as required in (1) through (5) below. core beltline region of reactor). The Design Spec-
(1) Determine a temperature TNDT which is at or ifications shall include additional requirements, as neces-
above the nil-ductility transition temperature by drop sary, to assure adequate fracture toughness for the
weight tests. service lifetime of the core support structures. The
(2) At a temperature not greater than (TNDT + toughness properties may be verified in service periodi-
60°F), each specimen of the Cv test (NG-2321.2) shall cally by a material surveillance program using the
exhibit at least 35 mils lateral expansion and not less methods of ASTM E 185-82 and the material conditions
than 50 ft-lb absorbed energy. Retesting in accordance monitored by the in-service inspection requirements of
with NG-2350 is permitted. When these requirements Section XI.
are met, TNDT is the reference temperature RTNDT.
(3) In the event that the requirements of Step (2)
are not met, conduct additional Cv tests in groups of
three specimens (NG-2321.2) to determine the tempera-
ture TCv at which they are met. In this case, the
NG-2333 Threaded Structural Fasteners
reference temperature RTNDT p TCv − 60°F. Thus, the
reference temperature RTNDT is the higher of TNDT or For threaded structural fastener material, including
(TCv − 60°F). studs and nuts, test three Cv specimens at a temperature
(4) When a Cv test has not been performed at no higher than the preload temperature or the lowest
(TNDT + 60°F) or when the Cv test at (TNDT + 60°F) service temperature, whichever is the lesser. All three
does not exhibit a minimum of 50 ft-lb energy absorption specimens shall meet the requirements of Table NG-
and 35 mils lateral expansion, a temperature representing 2333-1.
17
NG-2340 NUMBER OF IMPACT TESTS NG-2344 Tubular Products and Fittings

REQUIRED
On products which are seamless or welded without
NG-2341 Plates filler metal, one test shall be made from each lot.
On products which are welded with filler metal, one
One test shall be made from each plate as heat
additional test with the specimens taken from the weld
treated. Where plates are furnished in the nonheat-
area shall also be made on each lot. A lot shall be
treated condition and qualified by heat treated test
defined as stated in the applicable material specification
specimens, one test shall be made for each plate as-
but in no case shall a lot consist of products from
rolled. The term as-rolled refers to the plate rolled
more than one heat of material and of more than one
from a slab or directly from an ingot, not to its heat
diameter, with the nominal thickness of any product
treated condition.
included not exceeding that to be impact tested by
more than 1⁄4 in. (6 mm); such a lot shall be in a
single heat treatment load or in the same continuous
NG-2342 Forgings and Castings
run in a continuous furnace controlled within a 50°F
(a) Where the weight of an individual forging or (28°C) range and equipped with recording pyrometers.
casting is less than 1000 lb (454 kg), one test shall
be made to represent each heat in each heat treatment lot.
(b) When heat treatment is performed in a continuous NG-2345 Threaded Structural Fastener
type furnace with suitable temperature controls and Material
equipped with recording pyrometers so that complete One test shall be made for each lot of material where
heat treatment records are available, a heat treatment a lot is defined as one heat of material heat treated
charge shall be considered as the lesser of a continuous in one charge or as one continuous operation, not to
run not exceeding 8 hr duration or a total weight, so exceed in weight the following:
treated, not exceeding 2000 lb (907 kg).
(c) One test shall be made for each forging or casting 13⁄4 in. diameter and less 1,500 lb
of 1000 lb to 10,000 lb (454 kg to 4540 kg) in weight. Over 13⁄4 in. to 21⁄2 in. diameter 3,000 lb
(d) As an alternative to (c) above, a separate test Over 21⁄2 in. to 5 in. diameter 6,000 lb
Over 5 in. diameter 10,000 lb
forging or casting may be used to represent forgings
or castings of different sizes in one heat and heat treat
lot, provided the test piece is a representation of the
greatest thickness in the heat treat lot. In addition, test NG-2346 Test Definition
forgings shall have been subjected to substantially the
Unless otherwise stated in NG-2341 through NG-
same reduction and working as the forgings represented.
2345, the term one test is defined to include the
(e) Forgings or castings larger than 10,000 lb
combination of the drop weight test and the Cv test
(4540 kg) shall have two tests per part for Charpy V-
when RTNDT is required (NG-2332) and only the Cv
notch and one test for drop weights. The location of
test when determination of RTNDT is not required (NG-
drop weight or C v impact test specimens shall be
2331).
selected so that an equal number of specimens is
obtained from positions in the forging or casting 180
deg. apart.
(f) As an alternative to (e) for static castings, a NG-2350 RETESTS
separately cast test coupon (NG-2226.3) may be used;
(a) For Cv tests required by NG-2330, one retest at
one test shall be made for Charpy V-notch and one
the same temperature may be conducted, provided:
test for drop weight.
(1) the average value of the test results meets the
minimum requirements;
(2) not more than one specimen per test is below
NG-2343 Bars
the minimum requirements;
One test shall be made for each diameter or size (3) the specimen not meeting the minimum require-
having a nominal cross-sectional area greater than 1 ments is not lower than 10 ft-lb (13.6 J) or 5 mils
sq in. in each lot, where a lot is defined as one heat of (0.13 mm) below the specified requirements.
material heat treated in one charge or as one continuous (b) A retest consists of two additional specimens
operation, not to exceed 6000 lb (2720 kg). taken as near as practicable to the failed specimens.
18
For acceptance of the retest, both specimens shall meet (8) postweld heat treatment time, temperature
the minimum requirements. range, and maximum cooling rate, if the production
weld will be heat treated [NG-2431.1(c)];
(9) elements for which chemical analysis is required
per the SFA Specification or WPS, and NG-2432;
NG-2360 CALIBRATION OF INSTRUMENTS (10) minimum delta ferrite (NG-2433).
AND EQUIPMENT
Calibration of temperature instruments and Cv impact
test machines used in impact testing shall be performed NG-2420 REQUIRED TESTS
at the frequency specified in (a) or (b) below. The required tests shall be conducted for each lot
(a) Temperature instruments used to control test tem- of covered, flux cored, or fabricated electrodes; for
perature of specimens shall be calibrated and the results each heat of bare electrodes, rod, or wire for use with
recorded to meet the requirements of NCA-3868 at the OFW, GMAW, GTAW, PAW, and EGW (electro-
least once in each 3 month interval. gas welding) processes (Section IX, QW-492); for each
(b) C v test machines shall be calibrated and the heat of consumable inserts; for each combination of
results recorded to meet the requirements of NCA- heat of bare electrodes and lot of submerged arc flux;
3868. The calibrations shall be performed at least once for each combination of lot of fabricated electrodes
per year using methods outlined in ASTM E 23-72 and lot of submerged arc flux; for each combination
and employing standard specimens obtained from the of heat of bare electrodes or lot of fabricated electrodes
National Institute of Standards and Technology. and dry blend of supplementary powdered filler metal
and lot of submerged arc flux; or for each combination
of heat of bare electrodes and lot of electroslag flux.
Tests performed on welding material in the qualification
NG-2400 WELDING MATERIAL of weld procedures will satisfy the testing requirements
for the lot, heat, or combination of heat and batch of
NG-2410 GENERAL REQUIREMENTS
welding material used, provided the tests required by
(a) All welding material used in the construction NG-4000 and this Subarticle are made and the results
and repair of components or material, except welding conform to the requirements of this Article. The defini-
material used for hard surfacing, shall conform to the tions in (a) through (h) below apply.
requirements of the material specification or to the (a) A dry batch of covering mixture is defined as
requirements for other welding material as permitted the quantity of dry covering ingredients mixed at one
in Section IX. In addition, welding material shall con- time in one mixing vessel; a dry batch may be used
form to the requirements stated in this Subarticle and singly or may be subsequently subdivided into quantities
to the rules covering identification in NG-2150. to which the liquid binders may be added to produce
(b) The Certificate Holder shall provide the organiza- a number of wet mixes [(c) below].
tion performing the testing with the information listed (b) A dry blend is defined as one or more dry
below, as applicable: batches mixed in a mixing vessel and combined propor-
(1) welding process; tionately to produce a uniformity of mixed ingredients
(2) SFA Specification and classification; equal to that obtained by mixing the same total amount
(3) other identification if no SFA Specification of dry ingredients at one time in one mixing vessel.
applies; (c) A wet mix is defined as the combination of a
(4) minimum tensile strength [NG-2431.1(e)] in dry batch or dry blend [(a) and (b) above, respectively]
either the as-welded or heat treated condition, or both and liquid binder ingredients at one time in one mixing
[NG-2431.1(c)]; vessel.
(5) drop weight test for material as-welded or heat (d) A lot of covered, flux cored, or fabricated elec-
treated, or both (NG-2332); trodes is defined as the quantity of electrodes produced
(6) Charpy V-notch test for material as-welded or from the same combination of heat of metal and dry
heat treated, or both (NG-2331); the test temperature, batch, dry blend, or chemically controlled mixes of
and the lateral expansion or the absorbed energy, shall flux or core materials. Alternatively, a lot of covered,
be provided; flux cored, or fabricated electrodes may be considered
(7) the preheat and interpass temperatures to be one type and size of electrode, produced in a continuous
used during welding of the test coupon [NG-2431.1(c)]; period, not to exceed 24 hr and not to exceed 100,000
19
NG-2420 1998 SECTION III, DIVISION 1 — NG NG-2431.1
lb (45360 kg), from chemically controlled tube, wire, (g) A lot of submerged arc or electroslag flux is
or strip and a dry batch, a dry blend, or chemically defined as the quantity of flux produced from the same
controlled mixes of flux, provided each container of combination of raw materials under one production
welding materials is coded for identification and trace- schedule.
able to the production period, the shift, line, and the (h) A dry blend of supplementary powdered filler
analysis range of both the mix and the rod, tube, or metal is defined as one or more mixes of material
strip used to make the electrodes. produced in a continuous period, not to exceed 24 hr
(1) Chemically controlled tube, wire, or strip is and not to exceed 20,000 lb (9070 kg), from chemically
defined as consumable tube, wire, or strip material controlled mixes of powdered filler metal, provided
supplied on coils with a maximum of one splice per each container of powdered metal is coded for identifi-
coil that has been chemically analyzed to assure that cation and traceable to the production period, the shift,
the material conforms to the electrode manufacturer’s and the mixing vessel. A chemically controlled mix of
chemical control limits for the specific type of electrode. powdered filler metal is defined as powdered filler
Both ends of each coil shall be chemically analyzed, metal material that has been chemically analyzed to
except those coils which are splice free need only be assure that it conforms to the percent allowable variation
analyzed on one end of the coil. from the powdered filler metal manufacturer’s standard,
(2) Chemically controlled mixes of flux are defined for each chemical element, for that type of powdered
as flux material that has been chemically analyzed to filler metal. A chemical analysis shall be made on each
assure that it conforms to the percent allowable variation mix made in an individual mixing vessel after blending.
from the electrode manufacturer’s standard for each The chemical analysis range of the supplemental pow-
chemical element for that type electrode. A chemical dered filler shall be the same as that of the welding
analysis shall be made on each mix made in an individ- electrode, and the ratio of powder to electrode used
ual mixing vessel after blending. to make the test coupon shall be the maximum permitted
(e) A heat of bare electrode, rod, wire, or consumable for production welding.
insert is defined as the material produced from the
same melt of metal.
(f) Alternatively, for carbon and low alloy steel bare NG-2430 WELD METAL TESTS
electrode, rod, wire, or consumable inserts for use
with SAW, OFW, GMAW, GTAW, PAW, and EGW NG-2431 Mechanical Properties Test
processes, a heat may be defined as either the material Tensile and impact tests shall be made, in accordance
produced from the same melt of metal, or the material with this paragraph, of welding material used to join
produced from one type and size of wire when produced P-Nos. 1, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 9, and 11 base materials in
in a continuous period, not to exceed 24 hr and not any combination, with the exceptions listed in (a)
to exceed 100,000 lb (45360 kg), from chemically through (d) below:
controlled wire, subject to requirements of (1), (2), and (a) austenitic stainless steel and nonferrous welding
(3) below. material used to join the listed P-Numbers;
(1) For the chemical control of the product of the (b) consumable inserts (backing filler material);
rod mill, coils shall be limited to a maximum of one (c) welding material used for GTAW root deposits
splice prior to processing the wire. Chemical analysis with a maximum of two layers;
shall be made from a sample taken from both ends of (d) welding material to be used for the welding of
each coil of mill coiled rod furnished by mills permitting base material exempted from impact testing by NG-
spliced coil practice of one splice maximum per coil. 2300 shall likewise be exempted from the impact testing
A chemical analysis need be taken from only one end required by this paragraph.
of rod coils furnished by mills prohibiting spliced coil
practice. NG-2431.1 General Test Requirements. The weld-
(2) Carbon, manganese, silicon, and other inten- ing test coupon shall be made in accordance with (a)
tionally added elements shall be determined to identify through (f) below using each process with which the
the material to ensure that it conforms to the SFA or weld material will be used in production welding.
user’s material specification. (a) Test coupons shall be of sufficient size and
(3) Each container of wire shall be coded for thickness such that the test specimens required herein
identification and traceability to the lot, production can be removed.
period, shift, line, and analysis of rod used to make (b) The weld metal to be tested for all processes
the wire. except electroslag welding shall be deposited in such
20
NG-2431.1 ARTICLE NG-2000 — MATERIAL NG-2431.2
a manner as to eliminate substantially the influence of 1⁄ t from a surface, where t is the thickness of the
4
the base material on the results of the tests. Weld test weld.
metal to be used with the electroslag process shall be (e) One all weld metal tensile specimen shall be
deposited in such a manner as to conform to one of tested and shall meet the specified minimum tensile
the applicable Welding Procedure Specifications (WPS) strength requirements of the base material specification.
for production welding, Section IX, QW-201.1. The When base materials of different specifications are to
base material shall conform with the requirements of be welded, the tensile strength requirements shall con-
Section IX, QW-403.1 or QW-403.4, as applicable. form to the specified minimum tensile strength require-
(c) The welding of the test coupon shall be performed ments of either of the base material specifications.
within the range of preheat and interpass temperatures (f) Impact specimens of the weld metal shall be
which will be used in production welding. Coupons tested where impact tests are required for either of the
shall be tested in the as-welded condition or they base materials of the production weld. The weld metal
shall be tested in the applicable postweld heat treated shall conform to the requirements of NG-2330 applica-
condition when the production welds are to be postweld ble to the base material. Where different requirements
heat treated. The postweld heat treatment holding time6 exist for the two base materials, the weld metal may
shall be at least 80% of the maximum time to be conform to either of the two requirements.
applied to the weld metal in production application.
The total time for postweld heat treatment of the test NG-2431.2 Standard Test Requirements. In lieu
coupon may be applied in one heating cycle. The cooling of the use of the General Test Requirements specified
rate from the postweld heat treatment temperature shall in NG-2431.1, tensile and impact tests may be made
be of the same order as that applicable to the weld in accordance with this subparagraph where they are
metal in the component. In addition, weld coupons for required for mild and low alloy steel covered electrodes.
weld metal to be used with the electroslag process that The material combinations to require weld material
are tested in the as-welded condition, or following a testing, as listed in NG-2431, shall apply for this
postweld heat treatment within the holding temperature Standard Test Requirements option. The limitations and
ranges of Tables NG-4622.1-1 or NG-4622.4(c)-1, shall testing under this Standard Test option shall be in
have a thickness within the range of 0.5 to 1.1 times accordance with (a) through (f) below.
the thickness of the welds to be made in production. (a) Testing to the requirements of this subparagraph
Electroslag weld coupons to be tested following a shall be limited to electrode classifications included in
postweld heat treatment which will include heating the Specification SFA-5.1 or SFA-5.5.
coupon to a temperature above the “Holding Tempera- (b) The test assembly required by SFA-5.1 or SFA-
ture Range” of Table NG-4622.1-1 for the type of 5.5, as applicable, shall be used for test coupon prepara-
material being tested shall have a thickness within the tion, except that it shall be increased in size to obtain
range of 0.9 to 1.1 times the thickness of the welds the number of C v specimens and the drop weight test
to be made in production. specimens required by NG-2330, where applicable.
(d) Regardless of the welding process or welding (c) The welding of the test coupon shall conform
material being tested, the tensile specimens, and the to the requirements of the SFA Specification for the
Cv impact specimens where required, shall be located classification of electrode being tested. Coupons shall
and prepared in accordance with the requirements of be tested in the as-welded condition and also in the
SFA-5.1, Specification for Mild Steel Covered Elec- postweld heat treated condition. The postweld heat
trodes. Drop weight impact test specimens, where re- treatment temperatures shall be in accordance with
quired, shall be oriented so that the longitudinal axis Table NG-4622.1-1 for the applicable P-Number equiva-
is transverse to the weld with the notch in the weld lent. The time at postweld heat treatment temperature
face or in a plane parallel to the weld face. For impact shall be 8 hr (this qualifies postweld heat treatments
specimen preparation and testing, the applicable parts of of 10 hr or less). Where the postweld heat treatment
NG-2321.1 and NG-2321.2 shall apply. The longitudinal of the production weld exceeds 10 hr or the PWHT
axis of the specimen shall be at a minimum depth of temperature is other than that required above, the general
test of NG-2431.1 shall be used.
(d) The tensile and C v specimens shall be located
6 Any postweld heat treatment time which is anticipated to be applied and prepared in accordance with the requirements of
to the material or item after it is completed shall be specified in SFA-5.1 or SFA-5.5, as applicable. Drop weight impact
the Design Specification. The Certificate Holder shall include this
time in the total time at temperature specified to be applied to the test specimens, where required, shall be located and
test specimens. oriented as specified in NG-2431.1(d).
21
NG-2431.2 1998 SECTION III, DIVISION 1 — NG NG-2432.2
TABLE NG-2432.1-1 undiluted weld deposit analysis or for in situ cladding

SAMPLING OF WELDING MATERIALS FOR deposit analysis in conformance with the above required
CHEMICAL ANALYSIS certification testing.
(c) The preparation of samples for chemical analysis
All Other
GTAW/PAW GMAW Processes
of undiluted weld deposits shall comply with the method
given in the applicable SFA Specification. Where a
A-No. 8 filler metal Filler metal Weld Weld weld deposit method is not provided by the SFA
or weld deposit deposit
deposit
Specification, the sample shall be removed from a weld
pad, groove, or other test weld7 made using the welding
All other filler metal Filler metal Filler metal Weld process that will be followed when the welding material
or weld or weld deposit or combination of welding materials being certified is
deposit deposit consumed. The weld for A-No. 8 material to be used
with the GMAW or EGW process shall be made using
the shielding gas composition specified in the Welding
Procedure Specifications that will be followed when
the material is consumed. The test sample for ESW
(e) One all weld metal tensile specimen shall be
shall be removed from the weld metal of the Mechanical
tested and shall meet the specified minimum tensile
Properties Test coupon. Where a chemical analysis is
strength requirement of the SFA Specification for the
required for a welding material which does not have
applicable electrode classification.
a Mechanical Properties Test requirement, a chemical
(f) The requirements of NG-2431.1(f) shall be appli-
analysis test coupon shall be prepared as required by
cable to the impact testing of this option.
NG-2431.1(c), except that heat treatment of the coupon
is not required and the weld coupon thickness require-
NG-2432 Chemical Analysis Test ments of NG-2431.1(c) do not apply.
(d) The alternative method provided in (b) above
Chemical analysis of filler metal or weld deposits
for the preparation of samples for chemical analysis
shall be made in accordance with NG-2420 and as
of welding material to be used for corrosion-resistant
required by the following subparagraphs.
overlay cladding shall require a test weld made in
NG-2432.1 Test Method. The chemical analysis test accordance with the essential variables of the Welding
shall be performed in accordance with this subparagraph Procedure Specification that will be followed when the
and Table NG-2432.1-1, and the results shall conform welding material is consumed. The test weld shall be
to NG-2432.2. made in conformance with the requirements of Section
(a) A-No. 8 welding material to be used with GTAW IX, QW-214.1. The removal of chemical analysis sam-
and PAW processes and any other welding material to ples shall conform with QW-214.3 for the minimum
be used with any GTAW, PAW, or GMAW process thickness for which the Welding Procedure Specification
shall have chemical analysis performed either on the is qualified.
filler metal or on a weld deposit made with the filler
metal in accordance with (c) or (d) below. NG-2432.2 Requirements for Chemical Analysis.
(b) A-No. 8 welding material to be used with other The chemical elements to be determined, the compo-
than the GTAW and PAW processes and other welding sition requirements of the weld metal, and the recording
material to be used with other than the GTAW, PAW, of results of the chemical analysis shall be in accordance
or GMAW process shall have chemical analysis per- with (a), (b), and (c) below.
formed on a weld deposit of the material or combination (a) All welding material shall be analyzed for the
of materials being certified in accordance with (c) or elements listed in Table NG-2432.2-1 and for other
(d) below. The removal of chemical analysis samples elements specified either in the welding material speci-
shall be from an undiluted weld deposit made in fication referenced by the Welding Procedure Specifica-
accordance with (c) below. As an alternative, the deposit tion or in the Welding Procedure Specification.
shall be made in accordance with (d) below for material
that will be used for corrosion resistant overlay cladding. 7 The methods given in the Appendix of SFA 5.9, Specification for
Where the Welding Procedure Specification or the Corrosion-Resisting Chromium and Chromium-Nickel Steel Welding
welding material specification specifies percentage com- Rods and Bare Electrodes shall be used to establish a welding and
sampling method for the pad, groove, or other test weld to ensure
position limits for analysis, it shall state that the specified that the weld deposit being sampled will be substantially free of
limits apply for either the filler metal analysis or the base metal dilution.
22
TABLE NG-2432.2-1 NG-2433.2 Acceptance Standards. The minimum

WELDING MATERIAL CHEMICAL ANALYSIS acceptable delta ferrite shall be 5FN. The results of
the delta ferrite determination shall be included in the
Carbon and low alloy C, Cr, Mo, Ni, Mn, Si, P, S, V, Cu Certified Material Test Report of NG-2130 or NG-4120.
materials
Chromium and Cr-Ni C, Cr, Mo, Ni, Mn, Si, P, S, V, Cb
stainless material + Ta, Ti, cu
Nickel and Ni-alloy C, Cr, Mo, Ni, Mn, Si, S, Cb + Ta,
NG-2440 STORAGE AND HANDLING OF
materials Cu, Fe, Co
WELDING MATERIAL
Suitable storage and handling of electrodes, flux, and
other welding material shall be maintained. Precautions
shall be taken to minimize absorption of moisture by
fluxes and cored, fabricated, and coated electrodes.
(b) The chemical composition of the weld metal
or filler metal shall conform to the welding material
specification for elements having specified percentage
composition limits. Where the Welding Procedure Speci- NG-2500 EXAMINATION AND REPAIR
fication contains a modification of the composition OF CORE SUPPORT
limits of SFA or other referenced welding material STRUCTURE MATERIAL
specifications, or provides limits for additional elements,
these composition limits of the Welding Procedure NG-2510 EXAMINATION OF CORE
Specification shall apply for acceptability. SUPPORT STRUCTURE MATERIAL
(c) The results of the chemical analysis shall be Material for core support structures shall be examined
reported in accordance with NCA-3867. Elements listed by nondestructive methods applicable to the material
in Table NG-2432.2-1 but not specified in the welding and product form as required by the rules of this
material specification shall be reported for informa- Subarticle.
tion only.
NG-2433 Delta Ferrite Determination NG-2520 EXAMINATION AFTER

QUENCHING AND TEMPERING
A determination of delta ferrite shall be performed
on A-No. 8 weld material (Section IX, QW-442) backing Ferritic steel products that have their properties en-
filler metal (consumable inserts); bare electrode, rod, hanced by quenching and tempering shall be examined
or wire filler metal; or weld metal, except that delta by the methods specified in this Subarticle for each
ferrite determinations are not required for SFA-5.4, product form after the quenching and tempering phase
Type 16-8-2, or A-No. 8 weld filler metal to be used of the heat treatment.
for weld metal cladding.
NG-2433.1 Method. Delta ferrite determinations of
welding material, including consumable insert material, NG-2530 EXAMINATION AND REPAIR OF
shall be made using a magnetic measuring instrument PLATE
and weld deposits made in accordance with (b) below. NG-2531 Required Examination
Alternatively, the delta ferrite determinations for weld-
ing materials may be performed by the use of chemical All plates for core support structures greater than 3⁄4
analysis of NG-2432 in conjunction with Fig. NG- in. thickness shall be examined by the straight beam
2433.1-1. ultrasonic method in accordance with NG-2532.1.
(a) Calibration of magnetic instruments shall conform
to AWS A4.2-91.
NG-2532 Examination Procedures
(b) The weld deposit for magnetic delta ferrite deter-
mination shall be made in accordance with NG- NG-2532.1 Straight Beam Examination. The re-
2432.1(c). quirements for straight beam examination shall be in
(c) A minimum of six ferrite readings shall be taken accordance with SA-578, as shown in Section V, except
on the surface of the weld deposit. The readings obtained that the extent of examination and the acceptance
shall be averaged to a single Ferrite Number (FN). standards to be applied are given in (a) and (b) below.
23
Fig. NG-2433.1-1 1998 SECTION III, DIVISION 1 — NG
FIG. NG-2433.1-1 WELD METAL DELTA FERRITE CONTENT
24
(a) Extent of Examination. 100% of one major plate NG-2538 Elimination of Surface Defects
surface shall be covered by moving the search unit in
Surface defects shall be removed by grinding or
parallel paths with not less than a 10% overlap.
machining provided the requirements of (a) through
(b) Acceptance Standards
(d) below are met.
(1) Any area where one or more imperfections
(a) The depression, after defect elimination, is
produce a continuous total loss of back reflection accom-
blended uniformly into the surrounding surface with
panied by continuous indications on the same plane
not less than a 3:1 taper.
that cannot be encompassed within a circle whose
(b) After defect elimination, the area is examined
diameter is 3 in. (76 mm) or one-half of the plate
by the magnetic particle method in accordance with
thickness, whichever is greater, is unacceptable.
NG-2545 or the liquid penetrant method in accordance
(2) In addition, two or more imperfections smaller
with NG-2546 to assure that the defect has been removed
than described in (1) above shall be unacceptable unless
or reduced to an imperfection of an acceptable size.
separated by a minimum distance equal to the greatest
(c) Areas ground to remove oxide scale or other
diameter of the larger imperfection, or unless they may
mechanically caused impressions for appearance or to
be collectively encompassed by the circle described in
facilitate proper ultrasonic testing need not be examined
(1) above.
by the magnetic particle or liquid penetrant test method.
NG-2532.2 Angle Beam Examination. The require- (d) If the elimination of the defect reduces the thick-
ments for angle beam examination shall be in accordance ness of the section below the minimum required to
with SA-577, Specification for Ultrasonic Shear Wave satisfy the rules of NG-3000, the product shall be
Inspection of Steel Plates, as shown in Section V, as repaired in accordance with NG-2539.
supplemented by this subparagraph. The calibration
notch, extent of examination, and the acceptance stan-
dards to be applied are given in (a) through (c) below. NG-2539 Repair by Welding
(a) Calibration. Angle beam examination shall be
Material from which defects have been removed may
calibrated from a notch.
be repaired by welding, provided the requirements of
(b) Extent of Examination. 100% of one major plate
the following subparagraphs are met. Prior approval of
surface shall be covered by moving the search unit in
the Certificate Holder shall be obtained for any repair
parallel paths with not less than 10% overlap.
of plates to be used in the manufacture of core support
(c) Acceptance Standards. Material which shows one
structures.
or more imperfections which produce indications ex-
ceeding in amplitude the indication from the calibration NG-2539.1 Defect Removal. The defect shall be
notch is unacceptable. removed or reduced to an imperfection of an acceptable
size by suitable mechanical or thermal cutting or goug-
ing methods and the cavity prepared for repair (NG-
NG-2537 Time of Examination 4211.1).
Acceptance examinations shall be performed at the
NG-2539.2 Qualification of Welding Procedures
time of manufacture as required in (a) through (c)
and Welders. The welding procedure and welders or
below.
welding operators shall be qualified in accordance with
(a) Ultrasonic examination shall be performed after
NG-4000 and Section IX.
rolling to size and after heat treatment, except postweld
heat treatment. NG-2539.3 Blending of Repaired Areas. After re-
(b) Radiographic examination of repair welds, when pair, the surface shall be blended uniformly into the
required, may be performed prior to any required surrounding surface.
postweld heat treatment.
(c) Magnetic particle or liquid penetrant examination NG-2539.4 Examination of Repair Welds. Each
of repair welds in ferritic material shall be performed repair weld shall be examined by the magnetic particle
after final heat treatment, except that the examination method (NG-2545) or by the liquid penetrant method
may be performed prior to postweld heat treatment of (NG-2546). In addition, when the depth of the repair
P-No. 1 material 2 in. (51 mm) and less nominal cavity exceeds the lesser of 3⁄8 in. (10 mm) or 10%
thickness. All repair welds in austenitic and nonferrous of the section thickness, the repair weld shall be radio-
material may be liquid penetrant examined prior to any graphed in accordance with NG-5000 and to the accept-
required postweld heat treatment. ance standards of NG-5320 or shall be ultrasonically
25
NG-2539.4 1998 SECTION III, DIVISION 1 — NG NG-2545.2
examined after repair in accordance with NG-2532.2 column coupling is permissible. The techniques of (a)
or NG-2532.1. through (c) below are required, as applicable.
(a) All forgings and bars shall be examined by the
NG-2539.5 Heat Treatment After Repairs. The ultrasonic method using the straight beam technique.
product shall be heat treated after repair in accordance (b) Ring forgings and other hollow forgings shall,
with the heat treatment requirements of NG-4620. in addition, be examined using the angle beam technique
NG-2539.6 Material Report Describing Defects in two circumferential directions, unless wall thickness
and Repairs. Each defect repair exceeding in depth or geometric configuration makes angle beam examina-
the lesser of 3⁄8 in. (10 mm) or 10% of the section tion impractical.
thickness and, in addition, all repair welds exceeding (c) Forgings may be examined by the use of alterna-
an accumulated area of 20% of the area of the part tive ultrasonic methods which utilize distance amplitude
or 15 sq in., whichever is less, shall be described in corrections provided the acceptance standards are shown
the Certified Material Test Report. The Certified Mate- to be equivalent to those listed in NG-2542.2.
rial Test Report for each piece shall include a chart
NG-2542.2 Acceptance Standards
which shows the location and size of the prepared
(a) Straight Beam General Rule. A forging shall be
cavity, the welding material identification, the welding
unacceptable if the results of straight beam examinations
procedure, the heat treatment, and the examination
show one or more reflectors which produce indications
results, including radiographic film.
accompanied by a complete loss of back reflection not
associated with or attributable to geometric configura-
tions. Complete loss of back reflection is assumed when
NG-2540 EXAMINATION AND REPAIR OF the back reflection falls below 5% of full calibration
FORGINGS AND BARS screen height.
(b) Angle Beam Rule. A forging shall be unacceptable
NG-2541 Required Examinations
if the results of angle beam examinations show one
(a) Forgings and bars except as noted in NG-2551 or more reflectors which produce indications exceeding
shall be examined by the ultrasonic method in accord- in amplitude the indication from the appropriate calibra-
ance with NG-2542, except that forgings or sections tion notches.
of forgings which have coarse grains or configurations
which do not yield meaningful examination results by
ultrasonic methods shall be examined by radiographic NG-2545 Magnetic Particle Examination
methods in accordance with Section V, Article 2, and
the acceptance standards of NG-5320. In addition, NG-2545.1 Examination Procedure. The procedure
selected surfaces, as designated by the Certificate for magnetic particle examination shall be in accordance
Holder, shall be liquid penetrant examined in accordance with the methods of Section V, Article 7.
with NG-2546 or magnetic particle examined in accord- NG-2545.2 Evaluation of Indications
ance with NG-2545. (a) Mechanical discontinuities at the surface are re-
(b) Forged flanges and fittings, such as elbows, tees, vealed by the retention of the examination medium.
and couplings, shall be examined in accordance with All indications are not necessarily defects, however,
the requirements of NG-2550. since certain metallurgical discontinuities and magnetic
(c) Bar material used for threaded structural fasteners permeability variations may produce similar indications
shall be examined in accordance with NG-2580. which are not relevant.
(b) Any indication in excess of the NG-2545.3 accept-
ance standards which is believed to be nonrelevant
NG-2542 Ultrasonic Examination
shall be reexamined by the same or other nondestructive
NG-2542.1 Examination Procedure. All forgings examination methods to verify whether or not actual
in the rough forged or finished condition, and bars, defects are present. Surface conditioning may precede
shall be examined in accordance with one of the the reexamination. Nonrelevant indications which would
following specifications: SA-745, Standard Practice for mask defects are unacceptable.
Ultrasonic Examination of Austenitic Steel Forgings; (c) Relevant indications are indications which result
or SA-388, Recommended Practice for Ultrasonic Test- from imperfections. Linear indications are indications
ing and Inspection of Heavy Steel Forgings, as shown in which the length is more than three times the width.
in Section V, Article 23. Contact, immersion, or water Rounded indications are indications which are circular
26
NG-2545.2 ARTICLE NG-2000 — MATERIAL NG-2549
or elliptical with the length equal to or less than three NG-2546.3 Acceptance Standards
times the width. (a) Only imperfections producing indications with
major dimensions greater than 1⁄16 in. (1.6 mm) shall
NG-2545.3 Acceptance Standards be considered relevant imperfections.
(a) Only imperfections producing indications with (b) Imperfections producing the following relevant
major dimensions greater than 1⁄16 in. (1.6 mm) shall indications are unacceptable:
be considered relevant imperfections. (1) any linear indications greater than 1⁄16 in.
(b) Imperfections producing the following relevant (1.6 mm) long for material less than 5⁄8 in. (16 mm)
indications are unacceptable: thick, greater than 1⁄8 in. (3.2 mm) long for material
(1) any linear indications greater than 1⁄16 in. from 5⁄8 in. (16 mm) thick to under 2 in. (51 mm)
(1.6 mm) long for material less than 5⁄8 in. (16 mm) thick, and 3⁄16 in. (4.8 mm) long for materials 2 in.
thick, greater than 1⁄8 in. (3.2 mm) long for material (51 mm) thick and greater;
from 5⁄8 in. (16 mm) thick to under 2 in. (51 mm) (2) rounded indications with dimensions greater
thick, and 3⁄16 in. (4.8 mm) long for material 2 in. than 1⁄8 in. (3.2 mm) for thicknesses less than 5⁄8 in.
(51 mm) thick and greater; (16 mm) and greater than 3⁄16 in. (4.8 mm) for thick-
(2) rounded indications with dimensions greater nesses 5⁄8 in. (16 mm) and greater;
than 1⁄8 in. (3.2 mm) for thicknesses less than 5⁄8 in. (3) four or more relevant indications in a line
(16 mm) and greater than 3⁄16 in. (4.8 mm) for thick- separated by 1⁄16 in. (1.6 mm) or less edge to edge;
nesses 5⁄8 in. (16 mm) and greater; (4) ten or more relevant indications in any 6 sq
(3) four or more relevant indications in a line in. (3871 mm2) of area whose major dimension is no
separated by 1⁄16 in. (1.6 mm) or less edge to edge; more than 6 in. (152 mm) with the dimensions taken
(4) ten or more relevant indications in any 6 sq in the most unfavorable location relative to the indica-
in. (3871 mm2) of area whose major dimension is no tions being evaluated.
more than 6 in. (152 mm) with the dimensions taken
in the most unfavorable location relative to the indica-
tions being evaluated. NG-2547 Time of Examination
Acceptance examinations, including those for repair
welds, shall be performed at the time of manufacture
NG-2546 Liquid Penetrant Examination as required in (a) and (b) below.
(a) Ultrasonic examination may be performed at any
NG-2546.1 Examination Procedure. The procedure time after forging, and the maximum practical volume
for liquid penetrant examination shall be in accordance shall be examined after final heat treatment, excluding
with the methods of Section V, Article 6. postweld heat treatment.
(b) Radiographic examination of repair welds, if re-
NG-2546.2 Evaluation of Indications quired, may be performed prior to any required postweld
(a) Mechanical discontinuities at the surface are re- heat treatment.
vealed by bleeding out of the penetrant; however,
localized surface discontinuities such as may occur
from machining marks or surface conditions may pro- NG-2548 Elimination of Surface Defects
duce similar indications which are not relevant.
(b) Any indication in excess of the NG-2546.3 accept- Elimination of surface defects shall be made in
ance standards which is believed to be nonrelevant accordance with NG-2538.
shall be reexamined to verify whether or not actual
defects are present. Surface conditioning may precede
NG-2549 Repair by Welding
the reexamination. Nonrelevant indications and broad
areas of pigmentation which would mask defects are Repair by welding shall be in accordance with NG-
unacceptable. 2539, except that:
(c) Relevant indications are indications which result (a) the depth of repair that is permitted is not limited;
from imperfections. Linear indications are indications and
in which the length is more than three times the width. (b) for ferritic steel forgings, the completed repair
Rounded indications are indications which are circular may be examined by the ultrasonic methods in accord-
or elliptical with the length equal to or less than three ance with the requirements of NG-2542 in lieu of
times the width. radiography.
27
NG-2550 EXAMINATION AND REPAIR OF which is being examined. The standard defects shall
SEAMLESS AND WELDED be axial notches or grooves on the outside and the
TUBULAR PRODUCTS AND inside surfaces of the reference specimen and shall
FITTINGS have a length of approximately 1 in. (25 mm) or less,
a width not to exceed 1⁄16 in. (1.6 mm), and a depth
NG-2551 Required Examination
not greater than the larger of 0.004 in. (0.10 mm) or
(a) The examination performed shall be practical and 5% of the nominal wall thickness. The reference speci-
yield meaningful pertinent information for the product men may be the product being examined.
form being examined. Certain examination methods are (b) The reference specimen shall be long enough to
ineffective for some material conditions and product simulate the handling of the product being examined
configuration. Some examples are: through the examination equipment. When more than
(1) it may not be practical or meaningful to exam- one standard defect is placed in a reference specimen,
ine irregular shapes such as welding flanges and fittings the defects shall be located so that indications from
by ultrasonic methods; each defect are separate and distinct without mutual
(2) ultrasonic examination employing special tech- interference or amplification.
niques is required on coarse-grained austenitic stainless
steel or coarse-grained nickel-base alloy materials. NG-2552.3 Checking and Calibration of Equip-
(b) Welded tubular products and fittings (including ment. The proper functioning of the examination equip-
flanges and fittings) made from plate material greater ment shall be checked and the equipment shall be
than 3⁄4 in. (19 mm) in thickness shall be ultrasonically calibrated by the use of the reference specimens, as a
or radiographically examined in accordance with NG- minimum:
2552 or NG-2553. (a) at the beginning of each production run of a
(c) All welds in welded tubular products and fittings given size and thickness of a given material;
(including flanges and fittings) shall be ultrasonically (b) after each 4 hr or less during the production run;
or radiographically examined in accordance with NG- (c) at the end of the production run;
2552 or NG-2553. In addition, all welds shall be (d) at any time that malfunctioning is suspected.
magnetic particle or liquid penetrant examined on all If during any check it is determined that the testing
accessible surfaces in accordance with NG-2555 or equipment is not functioning properly, all of the product
NG-2556. that has been tested since the last valid equipment
(d) Wrought seamless tubular products and fittings calibration shall be reexamined.
(including flanges and fittings machined from forgings
and bars) greater than 3⁄8 in. (10 mm) thickness shall
be ultrasonically or radiographically examined in accord- NG-2553 Radiographic Examination
ance with NG-2552 or NG-2553. The radiographic examination shall be performed in
accordance with Section V, Article 2, as modified
by NG-5111, using the acceptance requirements of
NG-2552 Ultrasonic Examination NG-5320.
NG-2552.1 Examination Procedure. The procedure
for ultrasonic examination shall provide a sensitivity
NG-2555 Magnetic Particle Examination
which will consistently detect defects that produce
indications equal to and greater than the indication The magnetic particle examination shall be performed
produced by standard defects included in the reference in accordance with the requirements of NG-2545.
specimen specified in NG-2552.2. Products with defects
that produce indications in excess of the indications
produced by the standard defects in the reference speci- NG-2556 Liquid Penetrant Examination
mens are unacceptable unless the defects are eliminated The liquid penetrant examination shall be performed
or repaired in accordance with NG-2558 or NG-2559, in accordance with the requirements of NG-2546.
as applicable.
NG-2552.2 Reference Specimens
NG-2557 Time of Examination
(a) The reference specimen shall be of the same
nominal diameter and thickness and of the same nominal Time of acceptance examination, including that of
composition and heat treated condition as the product repair welds, shall be in accordance with NG-2537.
28
NG-2558 ARTICLE NG-2000 — MATERIAL NG-2571.2
NG-2558 Elimination of Surface Defects (b) A fatigue strength reduction factor of 2.0 is
applied to the allowable Sa values when peak stresses
Surface defects shall be removed by grinding or
are considered.
machining provided the requirements of (a) through
(c) The portions of castings used as core support
(c) below are met.
structures are magnetic particle or liquid penetrant
(a) The depression, after defect elimination, is
examined per NG-2575 or NG-2576 on all accessible
blended uniformly into the surrounding surface.
as-cast or, if machined, machine-finished surfaces. The
(b) After defect elimination, the area is reexamined
acceptance criteria of NG-2575 or NG-2576 shall be
by the method which originally disclosed the defect to
utilized except that no linear indications greater than
assure that the defect has been removed or reduced to 1⁄
16 in. are permitted.
an imperfection of acceptable size.
(d) Five pilot castings8 made from a new or altered
(c) If the elimination of the defect reduces the thick-
design of a production run9 shall be radiographically
ness of the section below the minimum required to
examined over the maximum feasible volume to the
satisfy the rules of NG-3000, the product shall be
requirements of NG-2573.1. If all five pilot castings
repaired in accordance with NG-2559.
meet the radiographic acceptance criteria, a production
run may be poured. The production run shall be exam-
NG-2559 Repair by Welding ined using either of the sampling plans specified in
(1) or (2) below. The five pilot castings, having passed
Repair welding of base material defects shall be in examination, are not to be included in the following
accordance with NG-2539. Repair welding of seam sampling examination programs.
defects shall be made in accordance with NG-4450. (1) The production run shall be considered a single
lot. Twenty castings shall be randomly selected from
the production run and examined to the requirements
NG-2570 EXAMINATION AND REPAIR OF of the pilot castings. The production run is accepted
STATICALLY AND if all 20 castings meet the examination requirements
CENTRIFUGALLY CAST and it is rejected if any one of the 20 castings does
PRODUCTS not meet the examination requirements. Acceptable
castings may be retrieved from a rejected production
NG-2571 Required Examinations run by examining all castings from that production run.
NG-2571.1 General Requirements. The portion of (2) The production run castings shall, in order of
castings, as specified by the Design Specifications or manufacture, be grouped into sublots with a maximum
drawings, used for core support structures shall be of 25 castings each. Five castings shall be randomly
examined over the maximum feasible volume by radio- selected from each sublot and examined to the require-
graphic methods, or ultrasonic methods, or a combina- ments of the pilot castings. The sublot is accepted if
tion of both methods. Castings or sections of castings all five castings meet the examination requirements and
which have coarse grains or configurations which do it is rejected if any one of the five castings does not
not yield meaningful examination results by ultrasonic meet the examination requirements. In the event two
methods shall be examined by radiographic methods. sublots are rejected by the sampling examination, suc-
In addition, the portion of castings used for core support ceeding sublots shall have eight castings randomly
structures shall be examined on accessible surfaces by selected for examination to the requirements of the
either magnetic particle or liquid penetrant methods. pilot castings. In any event, acceptable castings may
Accessible machined surfaces, except threaded surfaces, be retrieved from a rejected sublot by examining all
of a cast product shall be examined by either liquid castings from that sublot.
penetrant or magnetic particle methods after machining.
NG-2571.2 Alternative General Requirements. The 8A pilot casting is a casting poured to a production run to prove
portion of castings 2 in. (51 mm) thick and less, which the casting process. Pilot castings shall be made from the same
pattern, poured of the same type or grade of material, and use the
are specified by the Design Specifications or drawings identical foundry procedure (risering, gating, pouring, and melting)
to be used for core support structures, may be utilized as each casting in the production run.
when the requirements of (a) through (d) below are met. 9 A production run is a maximum of 100 castings made from the
(a) The design stress intensity values in Tables 2A, same patttern, poured of the same type or grade of material, and
using the identical foundry procedure (risering, gating, pouring, and
2B and 3, Section II, Part D, Subpart 1 are reduced melting) as the pilot castings. All castings in a production run need
by applying a quality factor of 0.75. not be made from the same heat of material.
29
NG-2572 1998 SECTION III, DIVISION 1 — NG NG-2573.1
NG-2572 Ultrasonic Examination of Castings (3) In certain castings, because of very long metal path distances
or curvature of the examination surfaces, the surface area over which
The requirements for ultrasonic examination of stati- a given discontinuity is detected may be considerably larger or
smaller than the actual area of the discontinuity in the casting; in
cally and centrifugally cast products are given in the such cases, other criteria which incorporate a consideration of beam
following subparagraphs. angles or beam spread must be used for realistic evaluation of the
discontinuity.
NG-2572.1 Straight Beam Method. When castings
are to be examined ultrasonically, all sections, regardless (2) Quality Level 1 shall apply for the volume of
of thickness, shall be examined in accordance with castings within 1 in. (25 mm) of the surface regardless
SA-609, Standard Method and Specification for Longitu- of the overall thickness.
dinal Beam Ultrasonic Inspection of Carbon and Low (3) Imperfections indicated to have a change in
Alloy Castings, as shown in Section V; however, supple- depth equal to or greater than one-half the wall thickness
mentary angle beam examination in accordance with or 1 in., whichever is less, are unacceptable.
NG-2572.2 or radiographic examination in accordance (4) Two or more imperfections in the same plane
with NG-2573 shall be performed in areas where a with indication amplitudes exceeding the Amplitude
back reflection cannot be maintained during the straight Reference Line and separated by a distance less than
beam examination, or where the angle between the two the longest dimension of the larger of the adjacent
surfaces of the casting is more than 15 deg. imperfections are unacceptable if they cannot be encom-
passed within an area less than that of the Quality
NG-2572.2 Angle Beam Method. Examination shall Level specified in (1) above.
be conducted in accordance with Section V, T-524 (5) Two or more imperfections greater than permit-
except that the acceptance standards in Section V do ted for Quality Level 1 for castings less than 2 in.
not apply. (51 mm) in thickness, greater than permitted for Quality
Level 2 for thickness 2 in. through 4 in. (51 mm to
NG-2572.3 Acceptance Standards
102 mm), and greater than permitted for Quality Level
(a) The Quality Levels of SA-609 as shown in
3 for thickness greater than 4 in. (102 mm), separated
Section V shall apply for the casting thicknesses indi-
by a distance less than the longest dimension of the
cated:
larger of the adjacent imperfections, are unacceptable
(1) Quality Level 1 for thicknesses up to 2 in.
if they cannot be encompassed in an area less than
(51 mm).
that of the Quality Level requirements stated in (a)
(2) Quality Level 3 for thicknesses 2 to 4 in.
above.
(51 mm to 102 mm).
(3) Quality Level 4 for thicknesses greater than
4 in. (102 mm). NG-2573 Radiographic Examination
(b) In addition to the Quality Level requirements
stated in (a) above, the requirements in (1) through NG-2573.1 Extent, Methods, and Acceptance Stan-
(5) below shall apply for both straight beam and angle dards. Radiographic examination, where required, shall
beam examination. be performed on castings used for core support struc-
(1) Area imperfections producing indications ex- tures. The radiographic methods shall be in accordance
ceeding the Amplitude Reference Line with any dimen- with ASTM E 94-77, Recommended Practice for Radio-
sion longer than those specified in the following tabula- graphic Testing, and ASTM E 142-77, Controlling
tion are unacceptable: Quality of Radiographic Testing, and shall meet the
acceptance requirements of Severity Level 3 for Cate-
UT Quality Level Longest Dimension of Area1-3 gory A and B defects and Severity Level 2 for Category
1 1.5 in. C defects of ASTM E 446-78,10 Reference Radiographs
2 2.0 in. for Steel Castings Up To 2 in. In Thickness, ASTM
3 2.5 in. E 186-75,10 Reference Radiographs for Heavy-Walled
4 3.0 in.
(2 to 41⁄2 in.) Steel Castings, or ASTM E 280-75,10
Reference Radiographs for Heavy-Walled (41⁄2 to 12
NOTES: in.) Steel Castings, as applicable for the thickness being
(1) The areas for the Ultrasonic Quality Levels in SA-609 as
shown in Section V refer to the surface area on the casting over which radiographed, except that Category D, E, F, or G defects
a continuous indication exceeding the transfer-corrected distance–
amplitude curve is maintained.
(2) Areas are to be measured from dimensions of the movement 10 The reference radiographs accompanying previous editions of
of the search unit, using the center of the search unit as the ASTM E 186, E 280, and E 446 may be used with later editions
reference point. of the specification, provided the text of the specified edition is used.
30
are not acceptable. ASTM E 280-7510 shall also apply NG-2575 Magnetic Particle Examination
for castings over 12 in. in thickness.
The magnetic particle examination, when required,
shall be performed in accordance with the requirements
of NG-2545.
NG-2573.2 Procedure. The supplemental require-
ments in (a) through (d) below apply to the radiographic
methods specified by ASTM E 94-77 and E 142-77. NG-2576 Liquid Penetrant Examination
(a) Type 4 film is not permitted.
The liquid penetrant examination, when required,
(b) For those areas where relatively uniform thick-
shall be performed in accordance with the requirements
nesses occur, the minimum film density shall be 1.5
of NG-2546.
for single viewing and 2.0 for composite viewing of
multiple film exposures; each film of a composite set
shall have a minimum density of 1.0, and the maximum
film density permitted shall be 4.0. NG-2577 Time of Examination
(c) For those sections where the thickness varies Acceptance examinations, including those for weld
sufficiently to cause difficulty in meeting the density repairs, shall be performed as stipulated in the following
requirements with one penetrameter, two penetrameters subparagraphs.
shall be used representing the thinnest and the thickest
section in the area to be interpreted. Densities at or NG-2577.1 Ultrasonic Examination. Ultrasonic ex-
between the densities on the penetrameters shall be amination, if required, shall be performed at the stage
considered acceptable, except that the minimum density of manufacture as required for radiography.
of the penetrameter image shall be 1.3 for single film
NG-2577.2 Radiographic Examination
viewing and 2.0 for composite film viewing of multiple
(a) Radiography shall be performed after final heat
film exposures; each film of a composite set shall have
treatment as required by the material specification,
a minimum density of 1.0.
except radiography may be performed prior to postweld
(d) The radiographic quality level shall be 2–4T for
heat treatment. The examination shall be performed at
section thicknesses up to and including 3⁄4 in. (19 mm)
the stage of manufacture defined in this subparagraph.
and 2–2T for section thicknesses greater than 3⁄4 in.
(b) Castings prior to finish machining shall be radio-
(19 mm). Radiographic quality is defined in Note 2
graphed at the limiting thicknesses stipulated in (1)
of ASTM E 94-77.
through (4) below.
(1) For thicknesses less than 2 in. (51 mm), cast-
ings shall be radiographed within 50% of the finished
NG-2573.3 Film Identification thickness. The penetrameter shall be based on the final
(a) Location markers, such as lead numbers or letters, thickness.
which shall appear as radiographic images on the film, (2) For thicknesses less than 6 in. (152 mm) but
shall be placed on the casting and not on the film or film greater than 2 in. (51 mm), castings shall be radio-
holder. Their locations shall be permanently stamped on graphed within 20% of the finished thickness. The
the surface of the casting being radiographed in a penetrameter shall be based on the final thickness.
manner permitting the area of interest on a radiograph (3) For thicknesses 6 in. (152 mm) and greater,
to be accurately located on the casting and providing castings shall be radiographed within 10% of the finished
evidence on the radiograph that the extent of coverage thickness. The penetrameter shall be based on the final
required by NG-2573.1 has been obtained. On castings thickness.
or sections of castings where stamping is not feasible, (4) Where casting practices for core support struc-
the radiographic procedure shall so state. ture sections require thickness to exceed the finished
(b) In addition, each film of a casting being radio- machined thickness limits of (2) and (3) above, radiogra-
graphed shall be identified with radiographic images of: phy of the as-cast thickness is acceptable provided the
(1) name or symbol of the Material Organization, acceptance reference radiographs of the next lesser
Certificate Holder, or subcontractor; thickness are met in those areas; for example, if the
(2) job or heat number. section being radiographed exceeds 41⁄2 in. (114 mm),
(c) Repairs (R1, R2, etc.), if applicable, date of radi- use ASTM E 186-7510 reference radiographs. The pene-
ography, and other indications may be made by a film trameter shall be based on the thickness of the section
imprinter, permanent ink, or imaged lead numbers. being radiographed.
31
NG-2577.3 1998 SECTION III, DIVISION 1 — NG NG-2583
NG-2577.3 Magnetic Particle or Liquid Penetrant that weld slag, including elongated slag, shall be consid-
Examination. Magnetic particle or liquid penetrant ered as inclusions under Category B of the applicable
examination shall be performed after the final heat reference radiographs. The total area of all inclusions,
treatment required by the material specification. Repair including slag inclusions, shall not exceed the limits
weld areas shall be examined after postweld heat treat- of the applicable severity level of Category B of the
ment when a postweld heat treatment is performed, reference radiographs.
except that repair welds in P-No. 1 material, 2 in.
NG-2579.5 Heat Treatment After Weld Repair.
(51 mm) nominal thickness and less, may be examined
After repair, the casting shall be heat treated in accord-
prior to postweld heat treatment. For cast products with
ance with NG-4620, except that the heating and cooling
machined surfaces, all accessible finished machined
limitations of NG-4623 do not apply.
surfaces, except threaded surfaces, shall also be exam-
ined by magnetic particle or liquid penetrant methods. NG-2579.6 Material Report Describing Defects
and Repairs. Each repair weld exceeding in depth
either 3⁄8 in. (10 mm) or 10% of the section thickness
NG-2578 Elimination of Surface Defects
shall be described in the Certified Material Test Report.
Elimination of surface defects shall be in accordance The Certified Material Test Report shall include a chart
with NG-2538. for each repaired casting which shows the location
and size of the repaired cavity, the welding material
identification, the welding procedure, the heat treatment,
NG-2579 Repair by Welding
and the examination results, including radiographic film.
The Material Organization may repair castings by
welding after removing the material containing defects.
The depth of the repair is not limited. A cored hole NG-2580 EXAMINATION OF THREADED
or access hole may be closed by the Material Organiza- STRUCTURAL FASTENERS
tion by welding in accordance with the requirements
NG-2581 Required Examinations
of this paragraph, provided the hole is closed by filler
metal only. If the hole is closed by welding in a metal Threaded structural fasteners shall be visually exam-
insert, the welding shall be in accordance with the ined in accordance with NG-2582. Externally threaded
requirements of NG-4000 by a Certificate of Authoriza- structural fasteners 3⁄8 in. (10 mm) and greater and
tion Holder. nuts greater than 1 in. (25 mm) shall be examined by
either the magnetic particle or liquid penetrant method.
NG-2579.1 Defect Removal. The defect shall be
In addition, nominal sizes greater than 1⁄2 in. (13 mm)
removed or reduced to an imperfection of an acceptable
but not over 4 in. (102 mm) shall be examined by
size by suitable mechanical or thermal cutting or goug-
ultrasonic methods as required by NG-2584, and nomi-
ing methods, and the cavity prepared for repair. When
nal sizes greater than 4 in. (102 mm) shall be examined
thermal cutting is performed, consideration shall be
by ultrasonic methods as required by NG-2585.
given to preheating the material.
NG-2579.2 Qualification of Welding Procedures
NG-2582 Visual Examination
and Welders. The welding procedure and welders or
welding operators shall be qualified in accordance with Externally threaded structural fasteners less than 3⁄8
NG-4000 and Section IX. in. (10 mm) and nuts 1 in. (25 mm) and smaller shall
be visually examined in the areas of threads, shanks,
NG-2579.3 Blending of Repaired Areas. After weld-
and heads of final machined parts prior to plating
ing, the surface shall be blended uniformly into the
or other surface protection type treatments. Harmful
surrounding surface.
discontinuities such as laps, seams, or cracks that would
NG-2579.4 Examination of Repair Welds. Each be detrimental to the intended service are unacceptable.
repair weld shall be examined by the magnetic particle
method (NG-2545) or by the liquid penetrant method
NG-2583 Magnetic Particle or Liquid Penetrant
(NG-2546). In addition, repair welds in cavities the
Examination
depth of which exceeds the lesser of 3⁄8 in. (10 mm)
or 10% of the section thickness shall be radiographed Externally threaded structural fasteners 3⁄8 in. (10 mm)
in accordance with NG-2573. The radiographic method and greater and nuts greater than 1 in. (25 mm) shall
and acceptance standards of NG-2573 shall apply except be examined by a magnetic particle method
32
(NG-2545) or a liquid penetrant method (NG-2546). NG-2585.1 Ultrasonic Method. Examination shall
Such examination shall be performed on the finished be carried out by the straight beam, longitudinal mode
threaded structural fastener after threading and prior to scan method.
plating or other surface protection type treatments. On
NG-2585.2 Examination Procedure. Examination
threaded surfaces no relevant indications are permitted.
Relevant indications include any linear indications or shall be performed at a nominal frequency of 2.25
rounded indications greater than 1⁄16 in. (1.6 mm). MHz unless variables such as production material grain
Indications, caused by a particular manufacturing structure necessitate the use of a 1 MHz frequency in
method, that may appear to be relevant, such as the order to assure adequate penetration with a search unit
crest of rolled threads or root of cut threads, may be having a circular cross section with a diameter not less
shown to be nonrelevant and acceptable by prior process than 1⁄2 in. (13 mm) nor more than 11⁄8 in. (29 mm).
qualification or destructive metallographic examination. NG-2585.3 Calibration of Equipment. Calibration
On all other accessible surfaces, no linear indications shall be established on a test bar of the same nominal
or rounded indications greater than 1⁄16 in. (1.6 mm) composition and diameter as the production part and
are permitted, except that linear axial indications less a minimum of one-half of the length. A 3⁄8 in. (10 mm)
than one diameter or 1 in. (25 mm) in length are diameter × 3 in. (76 mm) deep flat bottom hole shall
permitted. be drilled in one end of the bar and plugged to full
depth. A distance–amplitude correction curve shall be
NG-2584 Ultrasonic Examination for Sizes established by scanning from both ends of the test bar.
Greater Than 1⁄2 in. (13 mm)
NG-2585.4 Acceptance Standards. Any imperfec-
All threaded structural fasteners greater than 1⁄2 in. tion which causes an indication in excess of 50% of
(13 mm) nominal bolt size shall be ultrasonically exam- that produced by the calibration hole in the reference
ined over the entire surface prior to threading, in specimen, as corrected by the distance–amplitude correc-
accordance with the requirements of the following tion curve, is not acceptable.
subparagraphs.
NG-2584.1 Ultrasonic Method. Examination shall NG-2586 Elimination of Surface Defects
be carried out by the straight beam, radial scan method.
Surface defects may be eliminated by grinding or
NG-2584.2 Examination Procedure. Examination machining, provided the final dimension of the affected
shall be performed at a nominal frequency of 2.25 portion meets the requirements of the design and the
MHz unless variables such as production material grain area is reexamined by the magnetic particle or liquid
structure necessitate the use of a 1 MHz frequency in penetrant method in accordance with NG-2583.
order to assure adequate penetration, with a search unit
not to exceed 1 sq in. (645 mm2) area.
NG-2584.3 Calibration of Equipment. Calibration NG-2600 MATERIAL ORGANIZATIONS’
sensitivity shall be established by adjustment of the QUALITY SYSTEM PROGRAMS
instrument so that the first back reflection is 75%–
90% of full screen height. NG-2610 DOCUMENTATION AND
MAINTENANCE OF QUALITY
NG-2584.4 Acceptance Standards. Any imperfec- SYSTEM PROGRAMS
tion which causes an indication in excess of 20% of
the height of the first back reflection or any imperfection (a) Except as provided in (b) below, Material Organi-
which prevents the production of a first back reflection zations shall have a Quality System Program or an
of 50% of the calibration amplitude is not acceptable. Identification and Verification Program, as applicable,
which meets the requirements of NCA-3800.
(b) The requirements of NCA-3862 shall be met as
NG-2585 Ultrasonic Examination for Sizes Over required by NG-2130. The other requirements of NCA-
4 in. (102 mm)
3800 need not be used by Material Organizations for
In addition to the requirements of NG-2584, all small products, as defined in (c) below, and for material
threaded structural fasteners over 4 in. nominal size which is allowed by this Subsection to be furnished
shall be ultrasonically examined over an entire end with a Certificate of Compliance. For these products,
surface before or after threading in accordance with the Certificate Holder’s Quality Assurance Program
the requirements of the following subparagraphs. (NCA-4000) shall include measures to provide assurance
33
that the material is furnished in accordance with the

material specification and with the applicable special
requirements of this Subsection.
(c) For the purpose of this paragraph, small products
are defined as given in (1) through (5) below:
(1) pipe, tube (except heat exchanger tube), pipe
fittings, and flanges 2 in. nominal pipe size (DN 50)
and less;
(2) bolting material, including studs, nuts, and
bolts of 1 in. (25 mm) nominal diameter and less;
(3) bars with a nominal cross-sectional area of 1
sq in. (645 mm2) and less.
34

NG 2000

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ARTICLE NG-2000

NG-2100 General Requirements for Material . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11

NG-2400 Welding Material . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19

NG-2500 Examination and Repair of Core Support Structure Material . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23

NG-2600 Material Organizations’ Quality System Programs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33

NG-2100 GENERAL REQUIREMENTS surfacing material (Section IX, QW-251.4), cladding

NG-2160 DETERIORATION OF MATERIAL NG-2190 TEMPORARY ATTACHMENT

NG-2322 Test Specimens

TABLE NG-2331(a)-1 TABLE NG-2333-1

a minimum of 50 ft-lb energy absorption and 35 mils

NG-2340 NUMBER OF IMPACT TESTS NG-2344 Tubular Products and Fittings

TABLE NG-2432.1-1 undiluted weld deposit analysis or for in situ cladding

TABLE NG-2432.2-1 NG-2433.2 Acceptance Standards. The minimum

NG-2433 Delta Ferrite Determination NG-2520 EXAMINATION AFTER

FIG. NG-2433.1-1 WELD METAL DELTA FERRITE CONTENT

that the material is furnished in accordance with the

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