Port Operations

and Management

Dr. Funda Yercan, Professor

Piri Reis University
Dean, Maritime Faculty

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 Maritime Safety

The International Safety Management Code

- The ISM Code provides an international standard for the safe
management of ships and for pollution prevention
- The ISM Code is applied to all ships entering a port

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 Maritime Safety
Objectives of the ISM Code:
- Safety at sea
- Safety of life
- Safety of property including the marine environment

The safety management objectives include

- Safe practices in ship operations and a safe working environment
- Safeguards against all identified risks
- Continual improvement of safety management skills of all
personnel at the company 3
 Maritime Safety

A proper safety management can change the chain

from an accident chain to a success chain

Measurement of safety:
- measurement of consequences (i.e accidents, seriousness of events)
- measurement of direct causes (i.e. unsafe conditions)
- measurement of control (i.e. evaluation of organizational activities,
efforts to prevent undesired events)
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Maritime Safety

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 Maritime Safety
Emergency situations include:
- Collision - Terrorism
- Ship accident - Piracy
- Grounding
- Crew health problems
- Abandon ship
- Crew accidents, injuries, life losses
- Search and rescue
- Rescue from enclosed spaces - Hazardous occurrence
- Fire
- Shifting of cargo
- Main engine failure
- Steering gear failure
- Helicopter operations
- Oil spillage
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Maritime Safety

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Maritime Safety

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Maritime Safety and Security

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 Maritime Security

New security measures for ships and cargoes (example: Port State Control)

* New shipping documents and clauses (example: US Customs-Trade

Partnership Against Terrorism (C-TPAT) Clause)

* New equipment - containers, cargo handling equipment (example:

Super-post-Panamax crane)

* New shipping line practices (example: pendulum service)

* Explanations of more organizations (example: Class NK)

* Latest ship types

* Recently introduced surcharges (example: Port Security Surcharge)

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 Maritime Security
The International Ship and Port Facility Security Code
Adopted by the International Maritime Organization in 2002
- the Code takes the approach that ensuring the security of ships and
port facilities is basically a risk management activity and that to
determine what security measures are appropriate, an assessment
of the risks must be made in each particular case

The purpose of the Code is

-to provide a standardized, consistent framework for
evaluating risk, enabling governments to offset changes
in threat with changes in vulnerability for ships and port
facilities 11
 Maritime Security
The threats

! Movement of terrorists

! Shipment of weapons of mass destruction and conventional arms

! Piracy and armed robbery at sea

! Unsafe transport of migrants by sea

! Drug smuggling by sea

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 Port Security
Minimum functional security issues are required by the Code for
ships and port facilities

For ships, these requirements will include:

· ship security plans
· ship security officers
· company security officers
· certain onboard equipment

For port facilities, these requirements will include:

· port facility security plans
· port facility security officers
· certain security equipment 13
Port Security

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Maritime Security
Figure: U.S. Homeland Security Market

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 Port Security
Figures: Trucks being inspected at Port Security Gate

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 Port Security
Figures: Containers being inspected at Port Security Gate

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