Necessity of Street Vendors Management

Street vendors are seen these days in different parts of the city, protesting for their evacuation as
government recently decided to crack down on people running business illegally on the streets
of Kathmandu Valley. Kathmandu Metropolitan City has already (KMC) office has already
cleared the streets of Chabahil, Kalanki, Koteshwor, Maharajgunj, Basundhara, Gongabu,
Balaju, Gaushala, Sitapaila, Swoyambhu, Balkhu, Kalimati, Sundhara, New Baneshwor, New
Road and Banasthali. As KMC has been working to make the streets of the capital “street
vendors free zone” this step of KMC is being both appreciated and criticized lately.
A lot of people are happy by this action of evacuation as unmanaged street vendor’s occupation
had resulted to occupy the public space indiscriminately, thus creating difficulties in traffic flow,
restrictions in free movement of pedestrians, increase of pick pockets, and degrading the scenic
quality of the city. However, the evacuation process has also directly affected the lives of around
10,000 street vendors in Kathmandu city leaving them with no alternative choice of
employment. Some people also believe that KMC should have properly analyzed the effects of
such action before carrying out the forceful one-sided evacuation process because it had
supported a large number of livelihoods.
Street vending is a global phenomenon. In cities, towns, and villages throughout the world,
millions of people earn their living wholly or partly by selling a wide range of goods on the
streets, sidewalks, and other public spaces. It is an informal sector that represents an important
part of the economy and labor market in many countries. In developing and transition countries,
it plays a significant role in employment creation, production, and income generation.
Likewise, street vending is one of the key manifestations of urban poverty in developing
countries, including Nepal. Now it has become growing sector of small-scale economic activity
due to lack of alternative source of income. According to the Nepal Street Vendors Trade Union
(NEST), street vendors alone count about 30,000 in Kathmandu Valley and around 20,000 in
Kathmandu metropolitan city. Street vending is a simple way of income generation by investing
small capital. Thus poor people plunge to become interested in such activities for earning. For
the urban poor, street vendors provide goods, at low prices. One section of the urban poor
namely, street vendors subsidizes the existence of the other sections of the urban poor by
providing them cheap goods, including food. Middle-income groups are too benefited from
street vending because of the affordable prices offered. Considering the large benefits street
vending provides, it should be managed rather than labeling it illegal taking away the
employment opportunity of thousand of poor people.
Generally, the most common ways city governments regulate street vendors are: controlling the
number of vendors, controlling urban public space, and building and relocating vendors to
public market buildings.
Recently, Surakarta (also called Solo or Sala), city in Central Java Province in Indonesia has
accumulated appreciation for its efficient management of street vendors. With an empowerment
and restructuring program, Surakarta managed to solve the very sensitive issue of illegal street
vendors with great consideration of the locale culture and humane methods. The Solo
administration provided four major lines of action for the street vendors. First, the building of
better communication amongst stakeholder; Second, the creation of dedicated space for the
street vendors by relocation, provision of umbrella-tents, traditional style carts or modified
shelters. The new place for relocation was chosen over several meetings held by the
government, NGO and the street vendors’ representatives). Thirdly, managing the provision of
legal status to the street vendors’ business and lastly providing training for street vendors on
how to manage and expand their business.
The footsteps of Surakarta city in terms of managing street vendors can be a good source of
learning for Kathmandu Metropolitan City. Prior to the management of street vendors, Surakarta
also used to have frequent clash between the street vendors and its administration like the one
we are having in present day. Street Vendors in Kathmandu are organizing various protest
programs for the last few weeks, asking the government either to allow them to operate business
on the streets or relocate them to areas agreeable to them. Though street vendors’ evacuation has
provided some relief to the crowded capital, their demands should not be defied completely.
Street vendors consists a large population who are as equal citizen as any other citizen of this
country. Their forceful evacuation has left them with no source of earning, thereby causing them
and their families in abyss of hunger and poverty. Every citizen is guaranteed the right to live
with dignity which cannot be attained without proper employment and earning. Poor people
choose street vending as employment because of the inability of the government and domestic
market to provide employment rather than out of their choice. Justice delayed is justice denied.
Though KMC has promised to manage street vendors business, it should immediately take
effective actions that should be viable and sustainable. In order to achieve this, both vendors and
KMC administration should make some compromises keeping in consideration that its efficient
management contributes to national economy, preserving scenic beauty of the city, and
maintenance of peace and harmony at large.
Adity Karki
Kathmandu School of Law
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News
Gamers as young as 12 have suffered deep vein thrombosis after hardly moving for three hours,
study finds

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alarmed medical experts who say its virtually unknown for children so young to suffer DVT
Charles Hymas
26 August 2018 • 6:30am
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Blood
Body
Addiction
Children
Computer gamers as young as 12 have suffered potentially-deadly deep vein thrombosis (DVT)
after becoming so absorbed in their games they hardly moved for more than three hours, a new
study has revealed.
The cases have alarmed medical experts who say its virtually unknown for children so young to
suffer DVT.
DVT, where blood clots form from lack of movement in the legs, is normally restricted to older
patients who have thicker blood, are less active and are more likely to be overweight.
It is more commonly associated with long-haul air travel but studies led by the Medical
Research Institute of New Zealand has shown increasing incidence from people’s sedentary
lifestyles due to computer working, TV and film viewing and gaming.
The 12-year-old had played for four hours with his legs in a kneeling position when he suffered
a blood clot. Like other cases including a 15-year-old, he was young, healthy and with no other
known risk factors.
<img class="responsive lazy-image__img article-body-image-image" src="/content/dam/bills-
and-utilities/2017/05/08/3841805_Rex-Features_Computer-Console-Playstation-
2_trans_NvBQzQNjv4Bq-vlazOz04yHusVGh830vPu7Gf2qrCQxybNEE5SA1xbs.jpg?
imwidth=480" alt="Experts have urged the gaming firms to introduce alerts into the games and
labels telling players to take breaks at least every 90 minutes">

Experts have urged the gaming firms to introduce alerts into the games and labels telling players
to take breaks at least every 90 minutes
The DVT and resulting pulmonary embolism (PE) were generally in their legs and followed
three hours of non-stop playing without moving, although one player it in his arms after playing
lying on his back for three hours.
It was also associated with dehydration as they were so absorbed they ignored their body’s
“thirst reflex” to drink, said the researchers at Royal Perth Hospital.
Professor Richard Beasley, director of New Zealand's Medical Research Institute and world
expert in DVT and PE, said: “It really illustrates the strength of the risk that it can affect a
person aged 12 who you would never expect to develop a blood clot.”
He said there needed to be greater public and medical attention to the risks from people’s and
children’s immobility due to the demands of modern office work and leisure pursuits such as
gaming.
“It really needs to be a research area of priority just as it has been with air travel which is now
well recognised. People are now sitting for longer periods than they are even in long distance air
travel,” he said.
His research showed immobility at work and on the computer or gaming at home could treble
the risk of DVT and/or PE.
There are more than 2,000 deaths a year from pulmonary embolisms (PE) or thrombosis in the
UK each year. The latest figures show those among under 30s doubled from nine to 18 in 2016,
according to the Office for National Statistics.
Professor Beverley Hunt, medical director of Thrombosis UK, said they had dealt with a number
of cases involving young patients with thrombosis, aged under 18, who were so addicted to
gaming that they played during the night into the early hours of the morning.
“When you talk to them, the addiction is there in the sense that they would deny they need to go
to the toilet or to eat,” she said.
She urged the gaming firms to introduce alerts into the games and labels telling players to take
breaks at least every 90 minutes.
“There is increasing risk from DVT when you have 30% of the British population officially
obese and people leading more sedentary lives. We estimate 1 in 1000 people will have a DVT,”
said Professor Hunt, a consultant and professor of thrombosis and haemostasis.
Dr Jo Twist, chief executive of UKIE, the gaming industry’s trade body, said there was no
conclusive evidence to link video games directly to DVT but added: “We encourage all games
players to take regular breaks of roughly five minutes for every hour of play and there are
parental controls on all consoles that can set restrictions on the amount of time spent playing
games. We promote this and other safe and sensible gaming advice wherever we can.”
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daily  Front Page newsletter and new  audio briefings.
Related Topics
Duty of Care Campaign
Blood
Body
Addiction
Children
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12 歳のゲーマーが 3 時間ほとんど動けずに深部静脈血栓症に苦しんだ
 
 
 
  
セーブ
 
ケースは、DVT に苦しむほど幼い子供にとって事実上未知であると言う医療専門
家を警戒しています

 チャールズ・ハイマス
2018 年 8 月 26 日•午前 6 時 30 分
フォロー
 
 
12 歳のコンピューターゲーマーは、ゲームに夢中になって 3 時間以上動けなく
なったため、潜在的に致命的な深部静脈血栓症（DVT）に苦しんでいると、新しい
研究が明らかにしました。
ケースは、DVT に苦しむほど幼い子供にとって事実上未知であると言う医療専門
家を警戒させています。
DVT は、脚の動きの欠如から血栓が形成される場所で、通常、血液が濃い高齢の
患者に限定されており、活動性が低く、太りやすい傾向があります。
一般的には長距離の空の旅に関連していますが、ニュージーランドの医学研究所が
率いる研究では、コンピューター作業、テレビ、映画鑑賞、ゲームにより、人々の
座りがちなライフスタイルの発生率が増加していることが示されています。
12 歳の彼は、血栓に苦しんだとき、足をひざまずいて 4 時間遊んでいました。 15
歳を含む他の症例と同様に、彼は若く、健康で、他の既知の危険因子はありません
でした。

専門家は、ゲーム会社に、少なくとも 90 分ごとに休憩をとるようにプレーヤーに
伝える警告をゲームとラベルに導入するよう促しています。
DVT とその結果生じる肺塞栓症（PE）は一般に脚にあり、3 時間横になって遊ん
だ後、腕の中で 1 人のプレーヤーが動かずに 3 時間ノンストップで演奏しました。
ロイヤルパース病院の研究者は、彼らがあまりにも吸収されて体の「渇き」を無視
して飲んだため、脱水にも関連していたと述べた。

ニュージーランドの医学研究所のディレクターであり、DVT および PE の世界的専

門家であるリチャード・ビーズリー教授は次のように述べています。「それは、血
栓を発症するとは決して思わない 12 歳の人に影響を与えるリスクの強さを示して
います」
彼は、現代のオフィスワークやゲームなどのレジャーの追求の要求のために、人々
や子供の不動から生じるリスクに対して、より大きな公衆と医療の注意が必要であ
ると言いました。
「今ではよく知られている空の旅と同じように、本当に優先順位の高い研究分野で
ある必要があります。人々は現在、長距離の空の旅よりも長い間座っている」と彼
は言った。
彼の研究は、職場での不動および自宅でのコンピューターまたはゲームでの不動に
より、DVT および/または PE のリスクが 3 倍になる可能性があることを示しまし
た。
英国では毎年、肺塞栓症（PE）または血栓症により、年間 2,000 人以上が死亡し
ています。国家統計局によると、最新の数字は、30 代未満の人々が 2016 年に 9 か
ら 18 に倍増したことを示しています。
 
Thrombosis UK のメディカルディレクターである Beverley Hunt 教授は、18 歳未満
の若年の血栓症患者が関与している多くのケースに対処したと述べました。

「彼らと話すとき、彼らはトイレに行くか、食べる必要があることを否定するとい
う意味で中毒があります」と彼女は言いました。
彼女は、ゲーム会社に、少なくとも 90 分ごとに休憩をとるようにプレーヤーに伝
える警告とラベルをゲームに導入するよう促しました。
「英国の人口の 30％が公式に肥満であり、人々が座りがちな生活を送っている場
合、DVT によるリスクが高まります。血栓症および止血のコンサルタントであり
教授であるハント教授は、次のように述べています。
ゲーム業界の業界団体である UKIE の最高経営責任者である Jo Twist 博士は、ビデ
オゲームを DVT に直接リンクする決定的な証拠はないと述べましたが、次のよう
に付け加えました。また、すべてのコンソールにペアレンタルコントロールがあり、
ゲームのプレイに費やす時間に制限を設定できます。できる限り、これとその他の
安全で賢明なゲームのアドバイスを推進しています。」
The Telegraph の最高のものをメールと WhatsApp に直接送信したいですか？無料
の 1 日 2 回のフロントページニュースレターと新しいオーディオブリーフィングに
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関連トピック
義務のキャンペーン
血液
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中毒
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Nyūsu seiji supōtsu bijinesu okane iken tekku raifu& sutairu ryokō bunka   ima sugu kōdoku suru 30-kakan muryō  
roguin suru Igirisu no nyūsu   sekai no nyūsu   roiyaruzu   kenkō bōei kagaku kyōiku   chōsa   gurōbaruherususekyuriti
denshin nyūsu 12-sai no gēmā ga 3-jikan hotondo ugokezu ni shinbu jōmyaku kessen-shō ni kurushinda          sēbu  
kēsu wa, DVT ni kurushimu hodo osanai kodomo ni totte jijitsujō michidearu to iu iryō senmonka o keikai shite imasu
chāruzu hai masu 2018-nen 8 tsuki 26-nichi• gozen 6-ji 30-bu forō     12-sai no konpyūtāgēmā wa, gēmu ni muchū ni
natte 3-jikan ijō ugokenaku natta tame, senzai-teki ni chimei-tekina shinbu jōmyaku kessen-shō (DVT) ni kurushinde
iru to, atarashī kenkyū ga akiraka ni shimashita. Kēsu wa, DVT ni kurushimu hodo osanai kodomo ni totte jijitsujō
michidearu to iu iryō senmonka o keikai sa sete imasu. DVT wa, ashi no ugoki no ketsujo kara kessen ga keisei sa reru
basho de, tsūjō, ketsueki ga koi kōrei no kanja ni gentei sa rete ori, katsudō-sei ga hikuku, futori yasui keikō ga
arimasu. Ippantekini wa chōkyori no soranotabi ni kanren shite imasuga, nyūjīrando no igaku kenkyūjo ga hikiiru
kenkyūde wa, konpyūtā sagyō, terebi, eiga kanshō, gēmu ni yori, hitobito no suwari-gachina raifusutairu no hassei-
ritsu ga zōka shite iru koto ga shimesa rete imasu. 12-Sai no kare wa, kessen ni kurushinda toki, ashi o hizamazuite 4-
jikan asonde imashita. 15-Sai o fukumu ta no shōrei to dōyō ni, kare wa wakaku, kenkōde, hoka no kichi no kiken
inshi wa arimasendeshita. Senmonka wa, gēmu kaisha ni, sukunakutomo 90-bu-goto ni kyūkei o toru yō ni purēyā ni
tsutaeru keikoku o gēmu to raberu ni dōnyū suru yō unagashite imasu. DVT toso no kekka shōjiru haisokusenshō (PE)
wa ippan'ni ashi ni ari, 3-jikan yoko ni natte asonda nochi, ude no naka de 1-ri no purēyā ga ugokazu ni 3-jikan
nonsutoppu de ensō shimashita. Roiyarupāsu byōin no kenkyūsha wa, karera ga amarini mo kyūshū sa rete karada no
`kawaki' o mushi shite nonda tame, dassui ni mo kanren shite ita to nobeta. Nyūjīrando no igaku kenkyūjo no
direkutādeari, DVT oyobi PE no sekai-teki senmonkadearu richādo bīzurī kyōju wa tsugi no yō ni nobete imasu. `Sore
wa, kessen o hasshō suru to wa kesshite omowanai 12-sai no hito ni eikyōwoataeru risuku no tsuyo-sa o shimeshite
imasu' kare wa, gendai no ofisuwāku ya gēmu nado no rejā no tsuikyū no yōkyū no tame ni, hitobito ya kodomo no
fudō kara shōjiru risuku ni taishite, yori ōkina kōshū to iryō no chūi ga hitsuyōdearu to iimashita. `Ima dewa yoku
shira rete iru soranotabi to onajiyōni, hontōni yūsen jun'i no takai kenkyū bun'yadearu hitsuyō ga arimasu. Hitobito wa
genzai, chōkyori no soranotabi yori mo nagaiai suwatte iru' to kare wa itta. Kare no kenkyū wa, shokuba de no fudō
oyobi jitaku de no konpyūtā matawa gēmu de no fudō ni yori, DVT oyobi/ matawa PE no risuku ga 3-bai ni naru
kanōsei ga aru koto o shimeshimashita. Igirisude wa maitoshi, haisokusenshō (PE) matawa kessen-shō ni yori, nenkan
2, 000-ri ijō ga shibō shite imasu. Kokka tōkei-kyoku ni yoru to, saishin no sūji wa, 30-dai-miman no hitobito ga 2016-
nen ni 9 kara 18 ni baizō shita koto o shimeshite imasu.   Thrombosis UK no medikarudirekutādearu Beverley hanto
kyōju wa, 18-sai-miman no jakunen no kessen-shō kanja ga kan'yo shite iru ōku no kēsu ni taisho shita to nobemashita.
`Karera to hanasu toki, karera wa toire ni iku ka, taberu hitsuyō ga aru koto o hitei suru to iu imi de chūdoku ga
arimasu' to kanojo wa iimashita. Kanojo wa, gēmu kaisha ni, sukunakutomo 90-bu-goto ni kyūkei o toru yō ni purēyā
ni tsutaeru keikoku to raberu o gēmu ni dōnyū suru yō unagashimashita. `Igirisu no jinkō no 30-pāsento ga kōshiki ni
himandeari, hitobito ga suwari-gachina seikatsu o okutte iru baai, DVT ni yoru risuku ga takamarimasu. Kessen-
shōoyobi shiketsu no konsarutantodeari kyōjudearu hanto kyōju wa, jinoyōni nobete imasu. Gēmu gyōkai no gyōkai
dantaidearu UKIE no saikō keiei sekininshadearu Jo tsuisuto hakase wa, bideogēmu o DVT ni chokusetsu rinku suru
ketteitekina shōko wa nai to nobemashitaga, jinoyōni tsukekuwaemashita. Mata, subete no konsōru ni
pearentarukontorōru ga ari, gēmu no purei ni tsuiyasu jikan ni seigen o settei dekimasu. Dekiru kagiri, kore to sonota
no anzende kenmeina gēmu no adobaisu o suishin shite imasu.' The teregurafu no saikō no mono o mēru to WhatsApp
ni chokusetsu sōshin shitaidesu ka? Muryō no 1-nichi 2-kai no furontopējinyūsuretā to atarashī ōdioburīfingu ni sain
appu shite kudasai. Kanren topikku gimu no kyanpēn ketsueki-tai chūdoku kodomodachi       sonohoka no sutōrī Nasa
no chīfusaientisuto: `Watashitachiha kasei de eirianraifu o mitsukete happyō suru tokorodesu. F 1 raibu: Roshia GP
2019 - Ruisu Hamiruton ga Sebasuchan betteru ga chīmu no chūmon o mushi shi katsu... Nanseiki ni mo watatte
hinpan ni, yōroppa wa futatabi bakuhatsu shite imasu u~ēruzu ga ōsutoraria no kamubakku o gekitai shi,
ragubīwārudokappu no jūyōna shōri o shuchō Roshia GP 2019: Kyō no F 1 rēsu wa nanji kara hajimarimasu ka?
Denshin ni shitagatte kudasai   kao o forō
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事実 Jijitsu
「事実」の翻訳
名詞
頻度
fact 事実, 事, 実態, 事項, 所与, 信

truth 真実, 真理, 真, 事実, 本当, 真相

reality 現実, リアリティー, 真実, 事実, 実在, 実

事実 の同義語
名詞
現実真実真相真理本 当

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