ADDIS ABABA SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY

UNIVERSITY

COLLEGE OF ELECTRICAL AND MECHANICAL

ENGINEERING
DEPARTMENT OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERING
MECHATRONICS INDIVIDAL ASSIGNMENT

PREPARED BY: Abayneh Sharew

ID NO: ETS 0003/08

SUBMITTED TO: Mr. Bereket W.

SUBMITTED DATE: 21/12/2020

ASSINGMENT-1

Application of Mechatronics in Real life

Introduction Mechatronics is the best practice by engineers driven by the needs of industry and
human beings. It is the synergistic integration of physical systems, electronics, controls, and
computers through the design process, from the very start of the design process, thus enabling
complex decision making. Integration is the key element in mechatronic design as complexity
has been transferred from the mechanical domain to the electronic and computer software
domains. Mechatronics is an evolutionary design development that demands horizontal
integration among the various engineering disciplines, as well as vertical integration between
design and manufacturing.

There are three main engineering technologies to be integrated to work as a team.

 Mechanical
 Electrical
 Computing

Fig. schematic diagram of mechatronics system

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 Automatic washing machine

Automatic washing machines have integrated sensors, controllers and a programmer to

measure the load, fill with water and adjust the temperature. Various programmers are
excuted to agitate, wash rinse and spin dry.in some cases they even will use hot air drying. This
is a good example of mechatronics. The system uses solenoid valves to fill and drain the drum.
It has level and temperature sensors, weight sensors, and speed sensor. Depending on the
programme, these are all processed to activate the power control and speed of the motor.

Fig. system for an automatic washing machine

Working principles

For the pre-wash cycle an electrically operated valve is opened and cold water is going into
the drum for a period of time determined by the software of the microprocessor. Depending
on the weight of the washing good a specific level of water in the drum will be reached and
the water valve will be closed. A sensor is used to give a signal when the water level has
reached the preset level and give an output from the microprocessor which is used to switch
off the current to the valve.

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For the main wash cycle the microprocessor gives an output which starts when the pre-wash
part of the program is completed; this level is sensed and the water shoot off when the
required level is reached. A temperature sensor is used to switch off the current of the
heating when the water temperature reaches the preset value. The microprocessor switches
on the drum motor to rotate the drum. The drum is rotating for a time determined by the
microprocessor. After this time the microprocessor switches on the pump to empty the
water from the drum.

The rinse part of the operation is now switched as a sequence of signals to open valves
which allow cold water going into the machine, switch it off, operate the motor to rotate the
drum, operate the pump to empty the water from the drum and repeat the sequence a
number of times.

The final part of the operation is when the microprocessor switches on just the motor at a
higher speed than for the rinses to spin the clothes.

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 ASSINGMENT 2

Tool Wear Monitoring In CNC Machine

CNC means computer numerical control. It generally refers to cutting machines which are
combination of lathes, millers and grinders. The machine parts to the required shape and size
according to a computer programme produced by computer aided design software (CAD). The
work piece and cutting tools are moved by electric, hydraulic or pneumatic actuators that can be
move the in 3 dimensions ( x, y and x). They will also change the cutting tool using tool a
magazine and pick and place technology. The tools will have a microchip embedded in them
that, carries information about their dimensions. The computer checks them for wear and
compensates for it and replaces them with a new one when it is excessive. The programme works
out the required x, y and z coordinates and control the movement of the cutter or work pieces
accordingly

Tool wear monitoring system

In modern manufacturing systems, machine tools are the major equipment and play a very
important role. The malfunction of machine tools may result in the halt of the whole production
and bring about tremendous financial losses. With an effective tool condition monitoring
damages to the machine tool, unexpected downtime and scrapped components can be avoided.

Typically advanced TCMS is consist of sensors, signal conditioners/amplifiers, monitor. Sensor

is a key element and have to be placed as close as possible to the target location (close to the tool
tip) being monitored. Signal processing is then carried out to obtain useful information from the
signals received through the sensors. The monitor is display unit used to analyze signal from the
sensor. In general any indirect TCMS consists of four steps: (i) collection of data in terms of
signals from sensors such as cutting force, vibration, temperature, acoustic emission and/or
motor current, (ii) signal processing and extraction of features from the signals, (iii)
classification or estimation of tool wear using pattern recognition, fuzzy logic, neural networks,
or regression analysis, and (iv) development of decision making technique to control the
machining process based on information from the sensors. The block diagram and schematic of
TCMS showing elements of TCMS is shown in Figs. 1 and 2 respectively.

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Fig. Block diagram for TCMS

Fig. Schematic diagram for TCMS