LECTURE NOTE

EGEW515
WATER RESOURCES SYSTEMS ANALYSIS
AND MANAGEMENT PLANNING
REVISED IN 2020

ASST.PROF.DR.AREEYA RITTIMA
DEPARTMENT OF CIVIL AND ENVIRONMENTAL
ENGINEERING, FACULTY OF ENGINEERING
MAHIDOL UNIVERSITY
E-MAIL: AREEYA.RIT@MAHIDOL.AC.TH
HTTP://WWW.EG.MAHIDOL.AC.TH/DEPT/EGCE/
LECTURE OUTLINE

Dam and Hydraulic Structures

 Dam
 Hydraulic structures
DAM-RESERVOIR
HYDRAULIC STRUCTURES

Chute Spillway Concrete Gravity Dam

Fish Ladder

Arch Dam

Diversion Dam
DAM-DEFINITION

Dam
 A dam is a barrier or structure built across a stream, river, waterway or estuary
to retain water and then control the flow of water.
 Dams are made from a variety of materials such as rock, steel and wood.
 Dams vary in size from small earth embankment for farm use to high massive
concrete structures generally used for water supply, hydropower and irrigation.
DAM-STRUCTURES OF DAM

Heel: contact with the ground on the upstream side

Toe: contact on the downstream side.
Abutment: Sides of the valley on which the structure of the
dam rest.
Galleries: small rooms like structure left within the dam for
checking operations.
Diversion tunnel: Tunnels are constructed for diverting
water before the construction of dam. This helps in
keeping the river bed dry.
Spillways: It is the arrangement near the top to release the
excess water of the reservoir to downstream side.
Sluice way: An opening in the dam near the ground level,
which is used to clear the silt accumulation in the reservoir
side.
DAM-STRUCTURES OF DAM

Kurobe Dam in Japan rests Dam Abutments

on artificial concrete Dam abutments are generally the sides of a
abutments valley or gorge, but may be artificial in order
to support arch dams.

In engineering, abutment refers to the

substructure at the ends of a bridge span or
dam whereon the structure's superstructure
rests or contacts.
ADVANTAGE-DISADVANTAGE OF DAM

ADVANTAGES
 Dams gather drinking water for people.
 Dams help farmers bring water to their farms.
 Dams help create power and electricity from water.
 Dams keep areas from flooding.
 Dams create lakes for people to swim in and sail on.

Water Supply DISADVANTAGES

 Dams detract from natural settings, ruin nature's
Irrigation
work.
Hydroelectricity  Dams have inundated the spawning grounds of fish.
 Dams have inhibited the seasonal migration of fish.
Flood Control  Dams have endangered some species of fish.
 Dams may have inundated the potential for
Recreation
archaeological findings.
Navigation  Reservoirs can foster diseases if not properly
maintained.
Others  Reservoir water can evaporate significantly.
 Some researchers believe that reservoirs can cause
earthquakes.
THREE GORGES DAM

Type: Concrete Gravity Dam

Cost: Official cost $25 bn - actual
cost believed to be much higher
Work began: 1993
Due for completion: 2009
Power generation: 26 turbines on
left and right sides of dam. Six
underground turbines planned for
2010
Power capacity: 18,000
megawatts
Reservoir: 660km long, submerging
632 sq km of land. When fully
flooded, water will be 175m
above sea level
Navigation: Two-way lock system
became operational in 2004. One-
step ship elevator due to open in
2009.
HOOVER DAM

Location: Arizona and Nevada, USA

Completion Date: 1936
Cost: $165 million
Reservoir Capacity: 1.24 trillion cubic feet
Type: Arch/Gravity
Purpose: Hydroelectric power/flood control
Reservoir: Lake Mead
Materials: Concrete
Engineers: Bureau of Reclamation

The Hoover Dam is a curved gravity dam. Lake Mead

pushes against the dam, creating compressive forces
that travel along the great curved wall. The canyon
walls push back, counteracting these forces. This action
squeezes the concrete in the arch together, making the
dam very rigid. This way, Lake Mead can't push it over.

Today, the Hoover Dam is the second highest dam in

the country and the 18th highest in the world. It
generates more than four billion kilowatt-hours a
year, that's enough to serve 1.3 million people.
DAMS IN THAILAND

Bhumibol Dam Sirikit Dam

The largest concrete arch Earthfill Dam
dam in Thailand

Srinagarind Dam Vajiralongkorn Dam

Rockfill Dam Rockfill Dam with Facing
The largest storage Slab
capacity in Thailand
DAMS IN THAILAND

Bhumibol Dam
The Largest Concrete Arch Dam in Thailand

Name Bhumibol Dam

Location On Ping River at Sam Ngao District, Tak Province
Type Concrete Arch Gravity Dam (largest in Thailand of this
type)
Size 154 meters high and 486 meters long at the crest
Year Completed 1964
Storage Capacity 13,462 million cubic meters
Electricity Generating Capacity 535 MW
Annual Energy 1,200 GWh
DAMS IN THAILAND

Sirikit Dam

Name Sirikit Dam

Location On Nan River at Tha Pla District, Uttaradit Province
Type Earth fill dam
Size 113.6 meters high and 800 meters long at the crest
Year Completed 1974
Storage Capacity 9,510 million cubic meters
Electricity Generating Capacity 500 MW
Annual Energy 1,000 GWh
DAMS IN THAILAND

Srinagarind Dam

Name Srinagarind Dam

Location On Kwae Yai River at Ban Chao Nen Subdistrict, Si
Sawat District, Kanchanaburi Province
Type Rockfill dam with impervious core
Size 140 meters high and 610 meters long at the crest
Year Completed 1980
Storage Capacity 17,745 million cubic meters
(largest storage capacity
in Thailand)
Electricity Generating Capacity 720 MW
Annual Energy 1,140 GWh
DAMS IN THAILAND

Vajiralongkorn Dam

Name Vajiralongkorn Dam

Location On Kwae Noi River at Tha Khanun Subdistrict, Thong
Pha Phum District, Kanchanaburi Province
Type Rockfill dam with facing slab
Size 92 meters high and 1,019 meters long at the crest
Year Completed 1984
Storage Capacity 8,860 million cubic meters
Electricity Generating Capacity 300 MW
Annual Energy : 760 GWh
DAMS IN THAILAND

Lam Takong Dam

Name Lam Takong Dam

Location On Lam Takong River at Sikiew district, Nakorn
Ratchasima Province
Type Earth fill dam
Size 92 meters high and 1,019 meters long at the crest
Year Completed 1969
Storage Capacity 310 million cubic meters
Irrigation Command Area 100,000 rai
CLASSIFICATION OF DAM
Classification Based on Function
 Storage Dam
 Detention Dam
 Diversion Dam
 Coffer Dam
 Debris Dam
Storage dams are constructed to
store water during the rainy season
when there is a large flow in the river.
The stored water is utilized later
during the period when the flow in
the river is reduced and is less than
the demand.
Detention dams are constructed for
flood control.
A coffer dam is thus a temporary
dam constructed for facilitating
construction.
A diversion dam is constructed for
the purpose of diverting water of
the river into an off-taking canal
(or a conduit).
A diversion dam is usually of low
height and has a small storage
reservoir on its upstream.
A debris dam is constructed to
retain debris such as sand, gravel,
and drift wood flowing in the river
with water. The water after
passing over a debris dam is
relatively clear.
CLASSIFICATION OF DAM

Classification Based on Structure Embankment dams are

Behavior massive dams made of earth
or rock.
 Gravity Dam They rely on their weight to
 Arch Dam resist the flow of water.
 Buttress Dam
 Embankment Dam

Gravity dams are dams which Buttress dams are dams

resist the horizontal thrust of the in which the face is held
water entirely by their own up by a series of
weight. supports.
Concrete gravity dams are Buttress dams can take
typically used to block streams many forms - the face
through narrow gorges. may be flat or curved.

Arch dam is a curved dam which is dependent

upon arch action for its strength.
Arch dams are thinner and therefore require less
material than any other type of dam.
Arch dams are good for sites that are narrow and
have strong abutments.
CLASSIFICATION OF DAM

Classification Based on
Hydraulic Design
 Overflow Dam/Overfall Dam
 Nonoverflow Dam
Overflow dam is designed to act as an overflow structure.
 The surplus water which cannot be retained in the
reservoir is permitted to pass over the crest of the
overflow dam which acts as a spillway.
 Generally, cement concrete is used in overflow dams
and spillways.
 Most of the gravity dams have overflow sections for
some length and the rest of the length as a non-
overflow dam.
 However, sometimes the entire length of the dam of
low height is designed as an overflow dam. The
overflow dam is also called the spillway section.

Nonoverflow dam is designed such that there is no

flow over it.
Because there is no overflow, a non-overflow dam
can be built of any material, such as concrete,
masonry, earth, rockfill and timber.
CLASSIFICATION OF DAM

Non-rigid dams
Classification Based on Material
of Construction
 Rigid Dam
 Non-Rigid Dam

Timber Crib Dam,

Rigid dams
Michigan, US Earthfill Dam

A coffer dam during the

construction of locks at
Concrete Gravity the Mongomery Point
Dam Lock and Dam

Red Ridge Steel Dam,

Concrete Arch Dam Stone Masonry Dam Michigan, US
CLASSIFICATION OF DAM

Stone Masonry 10%

Concrete 11%

Rockfill 3%

Earthfill 58%
Other 16%

Timber Crib 2%
GRAVITY DAM

Gravity dams are dams which resist the

horizontal thrust of the water entirely by their own
weight.
 Gravity dams are typically used to block
streams through narrow gorges.
 This type of structure is most durable and solid.
It requires very less maintenance.
 Such dams are constructed of masonry or
concrete.
GRAVITY ARCH DAM
GRAVITY ARCH DAM

An arch dam is a curved dam which is

dependent upon arch action for its strength.
 Arch dams are thinner and therefore require
less material than any other type of dam.
 Arch dams are good for sites that are narrow
and have strong abutments.
 Material of Construction: Concrete.
GRAVITY ARCH DAM

Constant Radius Arch Dams

Constant radius arch dam is that the radius of the upstream side curved
surface are equal at all elevations from top to the bottom. It simple types, the
upstream face is vertical so that its radius at all elevations are constant but
thickness is proportional to the height. However, the radius of the inner curve
reduces from the top to the bottom. It makes a shape of triangle in cross
section.
 for U-shaped valleys
 have vertical US face
 suitable to install gates at the US face

Variable Radius Arch Dams

The radius of inner and outer faces of the
arch dam varies from top to bottom. The
radius of the arch is greatest at the top and
lowest at lower elevations.
GRAVITY ARCH DAM

Constant Angle Arch Dams

This is the most economical in construction and stronger foundation is required.
The central angles of horizontal arch rings are of the same magnitude at all
elevations.
 for V-shaped valleys
 have curved US face
 no possibility for gate installment

The Katse Dam, a 185 m high concrete arch dam in Lesotho

GRAVITY ARCH DAM
BUTTRESS DAM
BUTTRESS DAM

Buttress Dam is a gravity dam reinforced by

structural supports.
 Buttress is a support that transmits a force from
a roof or wall to another supporting structure.
 Buttress dams can take many forms - the face
may be flat or curved.
 This type of structure can be considered even
if the foundation rocks are little weaker.
 Material of Construction: Concrete, Timber,
Steel.

Flat Slab Buttress Dam

BUTTRESS DAM

Multiple-Arch Dam
(Buttress Dam)

Typical Sections of
Buttress Dams
EMBANKMENT DAM
:EARTHFILL EMBANKMENT DAM

A earth-fill dam in Australia

EMBANKMENT DAM
:ROCKFILL EMBANKMENT DAM
EMBANKMENT DAM

Embankment dams are massive dams made

of earth or rock. They rely on their weight to
resist the flow of water.
Earth dams are the most simple and
economic (oldest dams)
Types:
 Homogeneous embankment type
 Zoned embankment type
 Diaphragm type
Material of Construction: Earth and rock.
HYDRAULIC STRUCTURES-SPILLWAY

Spillway
 A spillway is a structure used to provide the controlled release of flows from a
dam or levee into a downstream area, typically being the river that was
dammed.
 A spillway is located at the top of the reservoir pool.
 Dams may also have bottom outlets with valves or gates which may be
operated to release flood flow, and a few dams lack overflow spillways and
rely entirely on bottom outlets.
SPILLWAY
:CROSS SECTION OF SPILLWAY

Spillway
 A spillways is a structure constructed a or near the dam site to dispose of
surplus water from the reservoir to the channel downstream.
 Spillways are provided for all dams as a safety measure against overtopping
and the consequent damages and failure.
 A spillways acts as a safety valve for the dam, because as soon as the water
level in the reservoir rises above a predetermined level, excess water is
discharged safely to the downstream channel, and the dam is not damaged.
SPILLWAY
:COMPONENTS OF SPILLWAY

Control Structure

Discharge
Structure

Entrance
and Outlet
Channel
Terminal
Structure
SPILLWAY
:FOREBAY

Forebay
A forebay is an artificial pool of water in front of a larger body of water. The
larger body of water may be natural or man-made.

Forebays have a number of functions.

 They are used in flood control to act as a buffer during flooding or storm
surges, impounding water and releasing in a controlled way into the larger
waterbody.
 They may be used upstream of reservoirs to trap sediment and debris
(sometimes called a sediment forebay in order to keep the reservoir clean).
This may entail the use of a forebay dam or pre-dam. They may also be used
upstream of lakes to prevent siltation.
 Some forebays are used simply to create a natural habitat for flora and
fauna, to counterbalance the environmental impact of a dam or reservoir.
Forebays vary greatly in size depending on their situation and purpose.
SPILLWAY
:FOREBAY

Forebay
Before descending to the
turbine, the water passes
through a settling tank or
“Forebay” in which the water is
slowed down sufficiently for
suspended particles to settle out.
Forebay is usually protected by a
rack of metal bars (a trash rack)
which filters out waterborne
debris.
SPILLWAY
:STILLING BASIN

Stilling Basin
Stilling basins are used to dissipate the energy of water exiting the spillway of a
dam. Their purpose is to prevent scouring that occurs when high-velocity water
enters the downstream reach of the dam. This scouring can damage the
foundation of the dam, leading to overtopping, and also causes severe erosion
downstream. The primary method of dissipating energy is to generate a hydraulic
jump to transition flow from supercritical to subcritical.

Stilling basin Downstream view of a hydraulic jump

in a stilling basin
SPILLWAY
:STILLING BASIN

Stilling Basin Elements

The different types of stilling basins typically
have the following common
elements:
Chute blocks - concrete blocks built into the
inclined sections of the spillway.
These features are commonly placed at the
head of the stilling basin to create
turbulence prior to the hydraulic jump.
Baffle blocks - freestanding concrete blocks Appurtenances in a stilling basin
built in the main basin. These
blocks are only used for flows <20 m/s due
to the high force they are subjected
to and the potential for cavitation.
End sills - a built-up lip at the tail of the
basin, with or without blocks. The sill
height has the most significant impact on
energy dissipation and taller sills are
used to reduce the overall length of the
stilling basin.
SPILLWAY

Classification Based on Controllable Structure

An uncontrolled spillway, in contrast,
 Controlled Spillway does not have gates; when the water
 Uncontrolled Spillway rises above the lip or crest of the
spillway it begins to be released from
Controlled spillway has mechanical structures or the reservoir.
gates to regulate the rate of flow. This design
allows nearly the full height of the dam to be used
for water storage year-round, and flood waters
can be released as required by opening one or
more gates.
Bell Mouth/Moring
Ogee Spillway Spillway Gates Control Glory Spillway
the level of Lake
Diefenbaker,
Saskatchewan,
Canada

Semicircular
Spillway of Ohzuchi
Dam in Japan
SPILLWAY

Classification Based on Functions

 Service Spillway Various Types of Spillway
 Auxiliary Spillway
 Emergency Spillway

A service spillway or primary spillway

passes normal flow.
An auxiliary spillway releases flow in
excess of the capacity of the service Chute Spillway : Li Yu Stepped Spillway :
spillway. Tan dam, Taiwan Yeoman Hay spillway
An emergency spillway is designed
for extreme conditions, such as a An Ogee-Type
serious malfunction of the service Spillway at the Crystal
spillway. Dam in Colorado

A Labyrinth Spillway
entrance (bottom)
at the Ute Dam in
New Mexico
SPILLWAY
:VARIOUS TYPES OF SPILLWAY

Service Spillway
 A service spillway provides continuous, or frequent regulated, or
staged releases (controlled) or unregulated (uncontrolled) releases
from a reservoir without significant damage to the dam, dike, or
appurtenant structures due to releases up to and including the
maximum design discharge.
 Service spillways are typically very robust, erosion-resistant structures
consisting of mostly cast-in-place reinforced concrete and riprap
channel protection.
SPILLWAY
:VARIOUS TYPES OF SPILLWAY

Auxiliary Spillway
 An auxiliary spillway is infrequently used and may be a secondary
spillway (augmenting a service spillway discharge capacity).
 During operation there could be some degree of structural damage
or erosion to the auxiliary spillway due to releases up to and
including the maximum design discharge.
 Auxiliary spillways may be less robust, erosion-resistant structures
consisting of some cast-in-place reinforced concrete, riprap
channel protection and/or unarmored excavated channels.
SPILLWAY
:VARIOUS TYPES OF SPILLWAY

Emergency Spillway
 An emergency spillway is designed to provide additional protection
against overtopping of a dam and/or dike.
 Emergency spillway is intended for use under unusual or extreme
conditions such as misoperation or malfunction of the service
spillway or outlet works during very large, remote floods (such as the
PMF), or other emergency conditions.
 As with auxiliary spillways, some degree of structural damage
and/or erosion may be expected due to releases up to and
including the maximum design discharge.
 Emergency spillways are the least robust, erosion-resistant structures
consisting of some cast-in-place reinforced concrete, riprap
channel protection, and/or unarmored excavated channels.
SPILLWAY
:VARIOUS TYPES OF SPILLWAY

Morning Glory spillway

Gated spillway

Stepped spillway
Gated spillway

Service spillways,: Pineview Dam, Utah; Monticello Dam, California; Echo Dam,
Utah; and Upper Stillwater Dam, Utah
SPILLWAY
:VARIOUS TYPES OF SPILLWAY

Overtopping Protection
Grade Control Sill (Dam Crest and abutements)
Spillway with Riprap

Auxiliary spillways; Heart Butte Dam, North

Dakota; Gibson Dam, Montana; New
Waddell Dam, Arizona; and Stewart
Mountain Dam, Arizona
SPILLWAY
:VARIOUS TYPES OF SPILLWAY

Straight Ogee
Service Spillway

Fuseplug Auxiliary
Spillway

Auxiliary spillways; New Waddell Dam, Arizona

SPILLWAY
:VARIOUS TYPES OF SPILLWAY

Gated Service Spillway

Gated Auxiliary Spillway

Auxiliary spillways; Stewart Mountain Dam, Arizona

SPILLWAY
:VARIOUS TYPES OF SPILLWAY

Chute/Open Channel Spillway

Chute spillways are common and basic in
design as they transfer excess water from
behind the dam down a smooth decline
into the river below.
 These are usually designed following an
ogee curve.
 Most often, they are lined on the bottom
Chute spillway : Li Yu Tan
and sides with concrete to protect the dam, Taiwan
dam and topography.
 They may have a controlling device and
some are thinner and multiply lined if
space and funding are tight.
 In addition, they are not always
intended to dissipate energy like
stepped spillways.
SPILLWAY
:VARIOUS TYPES OF SPILLWAY

Open Channel Spillway

 Open channel spillway is provided in the following situation :
(a)when it is not possible to provide overflow spillway.
(b)when valley is narrow.
(c)when separate site for spillway is not available.
 Generally this type of spillway is provided on earth or rock fill dam,
and is isolated from the main dam.
 The open channel is sometimes of constant width , but usually
narrowed for economy.
SPILLWAY
:VARIOUS TYPES OF SPILLWAY

Stepped Spillway
Stepped channels and spillways have
been used for over 3,000 years. Recently,
new construction materials (e.g. RCC,
gabions) and design techniques (e.g.
embankment overtopping protection)
have increased the interest in stepped
spillways and chutes.
Stepped spillway :
Yeoman Hay spillway
 The steps produce considerable energy
dissipation along the chute and reduce
the size of the required downstream
energy dissipation basin.
SPILLWAY
:VARIOUS TYPES OF SPILLWAY

Bell-Mouth/Shaft Spillway
Some spillways are designed like an
inverted bell so that water can enter all
around the perimeter. These uncontrolled
spillway devices are also called morning
glory, plughole, glory hole, bell-mouth or
shaft spillways.
 Shaft spillway is the one which has
horizontally positioned lip through which
water enters and then drops through a
vertical shaft and then to a horizontal
tunnel which convey water past the
dam.
 A shaft spillway consists of three main
elements : (a) overflow control weir (b)
vertical control (c) closed discharge
channel.
SPILLWAY
:VARIOUS TYPES OF SPILLWAY

Tunnel Spillway
 A tunnel spillway is the one in
which a closed channel is used to
convey the discharge around or
near a dam.
 The control structure for this
spillway may be in the form of an
overflow crest, vertical or inclined
orifice entrance and side channel
crest.
 The tunnel is designed to flow
partly full and it is not allowed to
flow full because siphonic action
may develop due to negative
pressure being developed in the
tunnel.
SPILLWAY
:VARIOUS TYPES OF SPILLWAY

Siphon Spillway
It is designed by the principle of siphon. When water rises over FRL
then water starts spilling.
SPILLWAY
:VARIOUS TYPES OF SPILLWAY

A labyrinth spillway and a fish

ladder (left) of the Hope Mills Spillway with flip bucket at
Dam in North Carolina Burdekin Dam
SPILLWAY
:VARIOUS TYPES OF SPILLWAY

Water enters Hoover Dam's Arizona drum-gate

spillway (left) during the 1983 floods
OUTLET WORKS
:SLUICEWAYS-INTAKES-TRASH RACKS

Outlet Works
The major portion of the storage
volume in most reservoirs is below
the spillway crest.
Sluiceway
Outlet works must be provided in
order that water can be drawn
from the reservoir as needed.

The water may be discharged into

the channel below the dam or
may be transported in pipes or
Intake Tower
canals to some distant point.

Trash Racks
OUTLET WORKS
:SLUICEWAYS-INTAKES-TRASH RACKS

Sluiceway
A sluice way is a pipe or tunnel that passes through a dam or the
hillside at one end of the dam and discharges into stream below.
 Sluiceways for concrete gravity dams generally pass through the
dam.
 While, those for earth or rock-fill dams are preferably placed outside
the limits of the embankment.
 If a sluiceways must pass through an earth dam, projecting collars
should be provided to reduce seepage along the outside of the
conduit.

Upstream Collar
Sliding Gate

Seepage Path

Sluiceway Collars for Earth Dams

OUTLET WORKS
:INTAKES

Roof Truss Intake Structure

Control An intake structure is
Mechanism &
Reservoir
Operation Room
required at the entrance to
Level
a conduit through which
water is withdrawn from a
river or reservoir unless this
Gate Controlled entrance is an integral part
Opening in the
Shaft Entry ports of a dam or other
structure.
Cylinder Gate
Intake Tower
Withdrawal
Bridge
Conduit Vertical Pipe

Section through a submerged intake

Outlet Pipe
tower
OUTLET WORKS
:INTAKES

One of the four

intake towers of
Hoover Dam; this
is the outer tower
on the Arizona
side. This is one of
the more
interesting
Intake tower of Hoover Dam adaptations of art
deco and
engineering.

Murayama-shimo The first Intake

Tower 1 of Murayama Reservoir. It is
the most beautiful intake tower in
Japan. Burrendong Dam Intake Tower
OUTLET WORKS
:TRASH RACKS

Trash Rack Trash Racks

The entrance to intakes and
sluiceways should be
provided with “Trash Racks”
to prevent entrance of
debris.

 These racks are usually made of steel bars spaced 2-6 in (5-15 cm) on the
center, depending upon the maximum size of debris that can be permitted in
the conduit.
 The velocity through the trash rack should be kept lower, preferably less than 2
ft/s (0.60 m/s) to minimize head loss.
OUTLET WORKS
:TRASH RACKS

Trash Rack

Trash Rack Cleaning Machine

FISH LADDER
John Day Dam-Fish Ladder on the
Columbia River, North America
Pool-and-Weir Fish Ladder at
Bonneville Dam on the Columbia
River
 A fish ladder, also known as a fishway, fish
pass or fish steps, is a structure on or
around artificial barriers (such as dams and
locks) to facilitate diadromous fishes'
natural migration.
 Most fishways enable fish to pass around
the barriers by swimming and leaping up a
series of relatively low steps (hence the
term ladder) into the water on the other
side.
 The velocity of water falling over the steps
has to be great enough to attract the fish
to the ladder, but it cannot be so great
that it washes fish back downstream or
exhausts them to the point of inability to
continue their journey upriver.
SEA DIKE

The Saemangeum Seawall, located on the

southwest coast of the Korean peninsula, is
the world's longest man-made dyke,
measuring 33 kilometres. It runs between two
headlands, and separates the Yellow Sea
and the former Saemangeum estuary.
SEA DIKE

Seawall, the first phase of the Saemangeum reclamation project, was completed on
April 27, 2010. Connecting Buan and Gunsan, Jeollabuk-do Province, the
Saemangeum Seawall is the longest seawall in the world at 33.9 km.
“Seamangeum Seawall is not a simple seawall but an economic expressway for
Korea to advance beyond Northeast Asia. This is an unprecedented project that will
change the map of Korea. We now need to move forward by building a new
civilization on this vast sea before us,” said President Lee Myung-bak. He emphasized
that the completion of Saemangeum Seawall is the starting point of building a new
future for Korea.