Region Sub-region

Americas Northern America (including Mexico)

Central America (excluding Mexico)

South America

Asia Near and Middle East/South-West Asia

Europe South-Eastern Europe (including Turkey)

Western and Central Europe

Oceania Australia and New Zealand

* Following their international control in 2015, the synthetic cannabinoids JWH-018 and AM-2201 no long
control.

Sources:
- Annual Report Questionnaire (ARQ)
- Government (Gov.)
- European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction (EMCDDA)
Note:
* Croatia: the figure relates to pupils from the 8th grade of primary school and 1st
and 2nd grades of secondary school in the Split Region, Zagreb, Rijeka, Osijek and vicinity.
** Germany: 2012 data refers to Spice.
- Government (Gov.)
 Prevalence of use of synthetic cannabinoid
Lifetime
Country Survey year Age
All
Canada 2014-15 15-16 6.13
2016-17 15-16 5.34
Mexico 2016 12-65 0.30
2016 15-16 0.40
United States of America 2011 19-30
2011 12th Grade
2012 12th Grade
2013 12th Grade
2014 12th Grade
2015 8th Grade
2015 10th Grade
2015 12th Grade
2015 19-30
2016 8th Grade
2016 10th Grade
2016 12th Grade
2016 19-30
2017 8th Grade
2017 10th Grade
2017 12th Grade
Costa Rica 2015 15-64 0.00
El Salvador 2014 University students (19+) 1.52
Bolivia (Plurinational State of) 2016 University students (19+) 0.64
Chile 2014 15-64 1.59
2016 15-64 2.64
Ecuador 2016 University students (19+) 1.63
Mexico 2016 12-17 0.40
2016 15-64 0.30
Peru 2016 University students (19+) 0.48
State of Palestine 2016 15+
Croatia* 2010-11 n/a 1.10
2012 school population* 1.40
France 2014 17 1.90
2014 15-64 1.70
Germany 2009 18-64 0.80
2010 15-64 0.30
2010 15-19 4.10
2012 18-64 0.60
2014 15-18 6.00
Greece 2015 15-16 2.51
Hungary 2015 15-16 2.50
Italy 2017 15-19 11.87
 Latvia 2011 15-64 2.50
2011 15-24 6.10
2011 15-16 10.60
2013 15-16 13.20
2015 15-16 9.50
2015 15-64 2.80
Slovakia 2015 15-16 2.60
2015 15-64 0.40
2016 15-64 0.70
Spain 2010 14-18 1.10
2011 15-64 0.80
2012 14-18 1.40
2013 15-64 0.50
2014 14-18 0.80
2015 15-64 0.80
2016 14-18 0.90
Sweden 2012 15-16
2015 15-16
United Kingdom (England and Wales) 2010-11 16-59
2010-11 16-24
2011-12 16-59
United Kingdom (Scotland) 2015 13 & 15 1.40
Australia 2013 14+ 1.30
2013 14-19 2.80
2016 14+ 2.80
2016 14-19 1.40
New Zealand 2013 15+
cannabinoids JWH-018 and AM-2201 no longer belong to the category of new psychoactive substances. However, in t

DA)

hool and 1st

jeka, Osijek and vicinity.
etic cannabinoids* in the general and youth population (percentage)
Lifetime Past-year Past-month
Male Female All Male Female All Male Female
6.20 6.06 4.38 4.39 4.36
5.79 4.88 4.39 4.70 4.06
0.50 0.10
0.50 0.30
6.50 9.60 4.50
11.40
11.30
7.90
5.80 2.70
3.10
4.30
5.20
0.90 1.30 1.90 0.40 0.60 1.00
2.70
3.30
3.50
0.90 0.80 0.90 0.30 0.70 0.10
2.00
2.70
3.70
0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00

0.70 0.60 0.35 0.20 0.50

1.82 1.37 0.56 0.75 0.37 0.00 0.00 0.00
3.62 1.65 1.08 1.52 0.64 0.78 1.00 0.55
2.70 0.70 0.67 1.00 0.30
0.50 0.30
0.50 0.10
0.70 0.30 0.25 0.20 0.30
80.10
1.10
1.40
2.30 1.30
2.30 1.20
1.10 0.40 0.40 0.60 0.20 0.00 0.00 0.00
0.50 0.10 0.10 0.20 0.10 0.20 0.00

0.90 0.30 0.20 0.30 0.00 0.00 0.10 0.00

1.00
3.51 1.54
3.30 1.80
13.37 10.31 8.09 9.46 6.68 4.86 5.74 3.95
 3.70 1.40

15.60 6.30
14.09 12.26
12.10 7.00
4.50 1.20 0.70 1.10 0.30 0.60 0.90 0.30
3.20 1.80
0.70 0.10 0.20 0.30 0.00 0.40 0.70 0.00
1.20 0.20 0.30 0.60 0.00 0.70 1.20 0.00
1.60 0.70 0.80 1.00 0.50 0.50 0.60 0.30
1.20 0.30 0.10 0.30 0.00 0.10 0.10 0.00
1.90 1.00 1.00 1.30 0.70 0.60 0.90 0.30
0.90 0.20 0.10 0.10 0.10 0.00 0.00 0.00
1.10 0.60 0.60 0.90 0.40 0.30 0.50 0.20
1.10 0.50 0.10 0.10 0.10 0.00 0.10 0.00
1.20 0.60 0.70 0.90 0.40 0.30 0.40 0.10
2.40 2.00
2.60 1.40
0.16
0.40
0.14
1.10 0.70

2.70
0.30
0.50
1.70
tances. However, in the context of prevalence of use surveys, it is not possible to differentiate between the synthetic ca
e)
Source
ARQ
ARQ
ARQ
ARQ
Monitoring the Future 2011
Monitoring the Future 2011
Monitoring the Future 2013 Overview: Key Findings on Adolescent Drug Use
Monitoring the Future 2013 Overview: Key Findings on Adolescent Drug Use
Monitoring the Future 2014
Monitoring the Future 2015
Monitoring the Future 2015
Monitoring the Future 2015
Monitoring the Future 2015
Monitoring the Future 2016
Monitoring the Future 2016
Monitoring the Future 2016
Monitoring the Future 2016
Monitoring the Future 2017
Monitoring the Future 2017
Monitoring the Future 2017
ARQ
Estudio Nacional sobre Consumo de Drogas en Población Estudiantil Universitaria de El Salvador, 2014
ARQ/ III Estudio epidemiológico andino sobre consumo de drogas en la población universitaria de Bolivia, 2016
ARQ / Décimo Primer Estudio Nacional de Drogas en Población General 2014
ARQ / Décimo Primer Estudio Nacional de Drogas en Población General 2016
III Estudio epidemiológico andino sobre consumo de drogas en la población universitaria de Ecuador, 2016
ARQ
ARQ
III Estudio Epidemiológico Andino spbre consumo de drogas en la Población Universitaria de Perú, 2016.
Estimating the Extent of Illicit Drug Use in Palestine. The Palestinian National Institute of Public Health, 2017
2012 National Report to the EMCDDA
2014 National Report to the EMCDDA
ARQ
ARQ
ARQ/Gov.
ARQ
2011 National Report to the EMCDDA
ARQ**
2015 National Report to the EMCDDA
ARQ
ARQ
ARQ
 2013 National Report to the EMCDDA
2013 National Report to the EMCDDA
ARQ
ESPAD methodological survey
ARQ
ARQ
ARQ
ARQ
ARQ
Government
Government
Government
ARQ
ARQ
ARQ
ARQ
ARQ
ARQ
Drug Misuse Declared: Findings from the 2010/2011 British Crime Survey England and Wales
Drug Misuse Declared: Findings from the 2010/2011 British Crime Survey England and Wales
Drug Misuse: Findings from the 2011/2012 British Crime Survey for England and Wales
Scottish Schools Adolescent Lifestyle and Substance Use Survey (SALSUS) 2015
ARQ
ARQ
2016 National Drug Strategy Household Survey
ARQ
2012/13 New Zealand Health Survey: Drug Module
iate between the synthetic cannabinoids which are under international control and those which are not under interna
Region Sub-region
Americas Northern America (including Mexico)

Central America (excluding Mexico)

South America
Asia East and South-East Asia
 Central Asia and Transcaucasia
Near and Middle East/South-West Asia

Europe Eastern Europe

South-Eastern Europe (including Turkey)

Western and Central Europe

Oceania Australia and New Zealand

Note: For the purposes of this report, NPS include ketamine, which differs from other NPS in that it is wid
Sources:
- Annual Report Questionnaire (ARQ)
- Government (Gov.)
- European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction (EMCDDA)
 Note
* Palestine: The figure captures prevalence of drug use in the northern region of Palestine only.
Country Survey year Age
Canada 2010-11 15-16 (Grade 10)
United States of America 2002 19-28
2003 19-28
2004 19-28
2005 19-28
2006 19-28
2007 19-28
2008 19-28
2009 19-28
2010 19-28
2011 19-28
2000 12th Grade
2001 12th Grade
2002 12th Grade
2003 12th Grade
2004 12th Grade
2005 12th Grade
2006 12th Grade
2007 12th Grade
2008 12th Grade
2009 12th Grade
2010 12th Grade
2011 12th Grade
2012 12th Grade
2013 12th Grade
2014 12th Grade
2015 12th Grade
2015 19-30
2016 12th Grade
2016 19-30
2017 12th Grade
2017 19-30
Costa Rica 2010 15-64
2012 15-16
2012 12-70
2015 15-16
2015 15-64
El Salvador 2010 17-25
2012 17-25
2014 12-65
Argentina 2006 16-65
2006 16-24
 2008 16-65
2008 16-24
2009 n/a
2010 16-65
2010 16-24
2010 12-65
2011 13, 15 and 17
2011 15-16
2011 16-65
2014 15-16
2014 15-64
2016 18-25
2017 12-65
2017 12-17
2017 18-24
Bolivia (Plurinational State of) 2012 University students
2014 12-17
2014 18-24
2016 18-25
2014 15-64
Brazil 2010 10-19
2016 15-64
Chile 2014 15-64
2016 15-64
Colombia 2012 University students
2013 12-65
2016 University students (19+)
Ecuador 2009 n/a
2012 University students
2016 University students (19+)
Peru 2006
2010 12-65
2012 University students
2012 14-16
2016 University students (19+)
Uruguay 2006 15-64
2011 15-65
2015 University students
2014 13-17
2014 15-65
2016 13-17
China 2016 15-64
China, Hong Kong SAR 2007 11-99
2007 11-20
2008 11-99
2008 11-20
 2009 11 -99
2009 11-20
2011 15-64
2011 15-16
2012 15-64
2012 15-16
2014 11-20
2014 11+
2015 11+
2015 11-20
2016 11-20
2016 11+
China, Macao SAR 2006 15-25
Indonesia 2009 11-19
2015 10-60
Thailand 2007 12-65
Georgia
Israel 2005 18-40
2005 18-24
2008 18-40
2008 18-24
2009 18-40
2016 18-65
State of Palestine* 2017 15+
Ukraine 2011 15-17
Romania 2010 n/a
2013 15-64
2015 15-16
2016 15-64
Czechia 2016 15-64
Denmark 2013 16-24
2013 16-44
France 2003 n/a
Italy 2016 15-19
2017 15-19
Malta 2009 n/a
Spain 2010 14-18
2011 15-64
2012 14-18
2014 14-18
2013 15-64
2015 15-64
2016 14-18
United Kingdom 2006-07 16-59
United Kingdom (England) 2008-09 16-59
2009-10 15-64
 2011 11-15
2012 11-15
2013 11-15
2014 11-15
United Kingdom (England and Wales) 2016 15-64
2006-07 16-24
2007-08 16-59
2007-08 16-24
2008-09 16-24
2008-09 16-59
2009-10 16-59
2009-10 16-24
2010-11 16-59
2010-11 16-24
2011-12 16-59
2011-12 16-24
2012-13 16-59
2012-13 16-24
2013-14 16-59
2013-14 16-24
2014-15 16-24
2014-15 16-59
2015 11-15
2015-16 16-59
2015-16 16-24
2016 11-15
2016 16-59
2016-17 16-24
2016-17 16-59
2017 16-59
United Kingdom (Scotland) 2014-15 16+
2014-15 16-24
2015 13 & 15
Australia 2007 15-64
2007 12-17
2010 14+
2010 15-16
2010 18-24
2013 15-65
2016 14+
New Zealand 2008 16-64
ketamine, which differs from other NPS in that it is widely used in human and veterinary medicine, while most NPS h

on (EMCDDA)
he northern region of Palestine only.
 Prevalence of use of ketamine in the general and youth population (
Lifetime Past-year Past-month
All Male Female All Male Female All Male Female
1.60 2.30 0.80 1.10 1.60
1.20
0.90
0.60
0.50
0.50
0.30
0.40
0.50
0.80
0.50
2.50
2.50
2.60
2.10
1.90
1.60
1.40
1.30
1.50
1.70
1.60
1.70
1.50
1.40
1.50
1.40
0.50 1.10 0.20
1.20
0.70 0.60 0.80
1.20
0.40 0.90 0.90
0.14 0.21 0.07
0.36 0.53 0.21
0.14 0.21 0.07 0.05 0.10 0.00 0.02 0.03 0.00
0.53 0.45 0.61 0.26 0.18 0.36 0.10 0.10 0.10
0.15 0.23 0.07 0.05 0.11 0.00 0.03 0.00 0.02
0.19 0.00 0.00 0.19 0.00 0.00
0.20 0.00 0.00
0.50
0.50 0.60 0.40
0.70
0.30 0.50 0.10
0.20
1.00 1.80 0.40
0.40 0.50 0.30
0.20
0.30 0.40 0.20
0.70 1.00 0.40
0.60
0.30 0.40 0.20
0.50 0.70 0.30
0.30 0.30 0.30
0.96 0.12 0.08
0.80 0.90 0.70
0.02
1.90
0.25 0.01
0.30
0.30
0.96 0.12 0.08
0.30 0.30 0.30
0.20 0.30 0.10
0.20 0.10
0.02 0.03 0.01 0.00 0.01 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
0.04 0.06 0.02 0.01 0.00 0.01 0.01 0.00 0.01
0.26 0.09 0.02
0.18
0.42 0.09 0.04
0.01 0.00 0.00
0.05 0.01
0.47 0.00 0.00
0.01 0.02 0.00
0.01 0.02 0.00
0.12 0.01
0.12 0.17 0.06
0.68 0.25 0.07
0.30 0.40 0.20
0.60 0.80 0.50
1.08 1.38 0.87 0.34 0.55 0.18 0.17 0.24 0.12
0.10 0.10 0.10
0.60 0.90 0.30
0.30 0.40 0.20
4.30
0.06 0.03
0.27 0.16
0.08 0.04
0.34 0.21
 0.08 0.04
0.55 0.56 0.33 0.30
0.05 0.09 0.02
0.18 0.25 0.11
0.05 0.08 0.02
0.13 0.18 0.07
0.05 0.08 0.03 0.00
0.03 0.05 0.02
0.03 0.04 0.02
0.04 0.05 0.02
0.02 0.03 0.01
0.02 0.03 0.01
2.00
0.30 0.20 0.10
0.02 0.03 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.00
0.70

0.40 0.10 0.05

0.20
0.90 0.00 0.00 0.12 0.22 0.03 0.05 0.00 0.00
0.23
0.90 0.12 0.22 0.03 0.05
0.30 0.50 0.10 0.20 0.20 0.10 0.10 0.20 0.10
0.20
0.80 1.50 0.20
0.10 0.10 0.10
0.40 0.50 0.20
1.80 2.00 1.10
0.30 0.30 0.20 0.10 0.10 0.10 0.00 0.00 0.00
0.20 0.20 0.10 0.20 0.20 0.10 0.00 0.10 0.00
1.60 0.50 0.20
1.10 0.20 0.10
0.30 0.20
1.54 2.09 0.97 1.10 1.42 0.77 0.76 1.02 0.50
1.11 1.42 0.79 0.79 1.06 0.51 0.42 0.62 0.21
0.80 1.10 0.40
1.10 1.40 0.80 0.80 1.00 0.50 0.40 0.50 0.30
1.00 1.50 0.50 0.20 0.30 0.10 0.00 0.10 0.00
1.10 1.50 0.70 0.70 0.90 0.40 0.40 0.60 0.20
0.70 0.90 0.50 0.50 0.70 0.30 0.30 0.50 0.20
0.80 1.40 0.30 0.10 0.20 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
0.70 1.10 0.30 0.10 0.20 0.10 0.00 0.00 0.00
0.60 0.70 0.40 0.30 0.40 0.20 0.20 0.30 0.10
1.30 0.30 0.10
1.80 0.70 0.60 0.25 0.20
4.00 0.00 0.00 0.50 0.80 0.20 0.20 0.00 0.00
 0.50 0.50 0.50
0.50 0.50 0.50
0.40 0.50 0.30
0.40 0.60 0.20
2.30 3.30 1.30 0.40 0.50 0.20 0.10 0.20 0.10
2.30 0.80 0.30
1.40 0.40 0.20
2.20 0.90 0.30
3.60 1.90 0.80
1.80 0.60 0.20
2.03 0.49 0.79 0.19 0.24
4.03 1.71 0.89
2.20 0.64 0.83 0.44 0.30
4.36 2.07 0.90
2.50 0.59 0.91 0.27 0.17
4.04 1.77 0.50
2.25 0.37 0.55 0.18
3.31 0.82
2.68 0.60 0.89 0.31
4.72 1.79
4.01 1.59 2.13 1.04 0.22
2.58 3.70 1.50 0.49 0.69 0.30 0.08 0.10 0.00
0.50 0.50 0.60
2.37 0.29 0.48 0.10 0.06
3.75 0.99 1.65 0.30 0.28
0.60 0.60 0.60 0.50 0.50 0.60 0.20 0.30 0.10
2.40 3.60 1.10 0.30 0.50 0.10 0.10 0.10 0.00
3.37 1.24 1.63 0.84 0.50
2.32 0.35 0.47 0.23 0.15
2.30 3.30 1.30 0.40 0.50 0.20 0.10 0.20 0.10
1.35 2.22 0.54 0.16 0.30 0.03
2.70 3.84 1.53 0.56 1.11 0.00
1.10 0.90 0.70
1.30 0.70 0.20 0.10
0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
1.40 1.80 0.90 0.21 0.30 0.20
0.10 0.00
2.50
1.70 2.30 1.20 0.30 0.40 0.20
1.90 0.40
1.20 1.70 0.70 0.30 0.40 0.10
cine, while most NPS have little or no history of medical use.
d youth population (percentage)

Source
ARQ
Monitoring the Future 2011
Monitoring the Future 2011
Monitoring the Future 2011
Monitoring the Future 2011
Monitoring the Future 2011
Monitoring the Future 2011
Monitoring the Future 2011
Monitoring the Future 2011
Monitoring the Future 2011
Monitoring the Future 2011
Monitoring the Future 2011
Monitoring the Future 2011
Monitoring the Future 2011
Monitoring the Future 2011
Monitoring the Future 2011
Monitoring the Future 2011
Monitoring the Future 2011
Monitoring the Future 2011
Monitoring the Future 2011
Monitoring the Future 2011
Monitoring the Future 2011
Monitoring the Future 2011
Monitoring the Future 2013 Overview: Key Findings on Adolescent Drug Use
Monitoring the Future 2013 Overview: Key Findings on Adolescent Drug Use
Monitoring the Future 2014
Monitoring the Future 2015
Monitoring the Future 2015
Monitoring the Future 2016
Monitoring the Future 2016
Monitoring the Future 2017
Monitoring the Future 2017
ARQ
ARQ
ARQ
ARQ
ARQ
ARQ
Estudio Nacional sobre Consumo de Drogas en Población Estudiantil Universitaria de El Salvador, 2012
Estudio Nacional sobre Consumo de Drogas en Población Estudiantil Universitaria de El Salvador, 2014
Psicoactivas en Argentina 2004 - 2010
Psicoactivas en Argentina 2004 - 2010
Psicoactivas en Argentina 2004 - 2010
Psicoactivas en Argentina 2004 - 2010
ARQ
Psicoactivas en Argentina 2004 - 2010
Psicoactivas en Argentina 2004 - 2010
ARQ
Quinta Encuesta Nacional a Estudiantes de Enseñanza Media 2011
Quinta Encuesta Nacional a Estudiantes de Enseñanza Media 2011
ARQ
ARQ
ARQ
ARQ
ARQ
Estudio Nacional en población de 12 a 65 años, sobre Consumo de Sustancias Psicoactivas, 2017
Estudio Nacional en población de 12 a 65 años, sobre Consumo de Sustancias Psicoactivas, 2017
II Estudio Epidemiológico Andino en la Población Universitaria, 2012
Segundo estudio nacional de prevalencia y caracteristicas del consumo de drogas en hogares bolivianoas de nueve
Segundo estudio nacional de prevalencia y caracteristicas del consumo de drogas en hogares bolivianoas de nueve
ARQ
ARQ
ARQ
Government
ARQ / Décimo Primer Estudio Nacional de Drogas en Población General 2014
ARQ / Décimo Primer Estudio Nacional de Drogas en Población General 2016
ARQ
Estudio Nacional de Consumo de Sustancias Psicoactivas en Colombia 2013
III Estudio epidemiológico andino sobre consumo de drogas en la población universitaria de Colombia, 2016
ARQ
II Estudio Epidemiológico Andino en la Población Universitaria
III Estudio epidemiológico andino sobre consumo de drogas en la población universitaria de Ecuador, 2016
ARQ
ARQ
II Estudio Epidemiológico Andino en la Población Universitaria
ARQ
III Estudio Epidemiológico Andino sobre consumo de drogas en la Población Universitaria de Perú, 2016.
ARQ
ARQ
I Pilot Study on Drug Use among University Students in Uruguay
ARQ
ARQ
ARQ
ARQ
ARQ, Central Registry of Drug Abuse
ARQ, Central Registry of Drug Abuse
ARQ, Central Registry of Drug Abuse
ARQ, Central Registry of Drug Abuse
ARQ, Central Registry of Drug Abuse
ARQ, Central Registry of Drug Abuse
ARQ, Central Registry of Drug Abuse
ARQ, Central Registry of Drug Abuse
ARQ, Central Registry of Drug Abuse
ARQ, Central Registry of Drug Abuse
ARQ, Central Registry of Drug Abuse
ARQ, Central Registry of Drug Abuse
ARQ
ARQ
ARQ
ARQ
ARQ
ARQ
ARQ
ARQ

ARQ
Illegal use of drugs and alcohol in Israel 2009: Seventh national epidemiological survey
ARQ
Illegal use of drugs and alcohol in Israel 2009: Seventh national epidemiological survey
ARQ
ARQ
Estimating the Extent of Illicit Drug Use in Palestine. The Palestinian National Institute of Public Health, 2017
ARQ
ARQ
Studiul naţional în populaţia generală privind consumul de tutun, alcool şi droguri GPS – 2013
ARQ
ARQ
ARQ
2014 National Report to the EMCDDA
2014 National Report to the EMCDDA
ARQ
ARQ
ARQ
ARQ
Government
Government
Government
ARQ
ARQ
ARQ
ARQ
ARQ
National report to EMCDDA
ARQ
SDD Survey
SDD Survey
SDD Survey
SDD Survey
ARQ
2010/11 British Crime Survey
Drug Misuse Declared: Findings from the 2010/11 British Crime Survey England and Wales
Drug Misuse Declared: Findings from the 2010/11 British Crime Survey England and Wales
Drug Misuse Declared: Findings from the 2010/11 British Crime Survey England and Wales
Drug Misuse Declared: Findings from the 2010/11 British Crime Survey England and Wales
Drug Misuse Declared: Findings from the 2010/11 British Crime Survey England and Wales
Drug Misuse Declared: Findings from the 2010/2011 British Crime Survey England and Wales
Drug Misuse Declared: Findings from the 2010/2011 British Crime Survey England and Wales
Drug Misuse Declared: Findings from the 2010/2011 British Crime Survey England and Wales
Drug Misuse: Findings from the 2011/2012 British Crime Survey for England and Wales
Drug Misuse: Findings from the 2011/2012 British Crime Survey for England and Wales
Drug Misuse: Findings from the 2012/2013 British Crime Survey for England and Wales
Drug Misuse: Findings from the 2012/2013 British Crime Survey for England and Wales
Drug Misuse: Findings from the 2013/2014 British Crime Survey for England and Wales
Drug Misuse: Findings from the 2013/2014 British Crime Survey for England and Wales
Drug Misuse: Findings from the 2014/2015 British Crime Survey for England and Wales
ARQ/Drug Misuse: Findings from the 2014/2015 British Crime Survey for England and Wales
Smoking, Drinking and Drug Use Among Yound People in England-2015
Drug Misuse: Findings from the 2015/2016 Crime Survey for England and Wales
Drug Misuse: Findings from the 2015/2016 Crime Survey for England and Wales
Smoking, Drinking and Drug Use Among Yound People in England-2016
ARQ
Drug Misuse: Findings from the 2016/2017 Crime Survey for England and Wales
Drug Misuse: Findings from the 2016/2017 Crime Survey for England and Wales
ARQ
Scottish Crime and Justice Survey 2014-15
Scottish Crime and Justice Survey 2014-15
Scottish Schools Adolescent Lifestyle and Substance Use Survey (SALSUS) 2015
ARQ
ARQ
ARQ
ARQ
2010 National Drug Strategy Household Survey Report
ARQ
ARQ
2007/08 New Zealand Alcohol and Drug Use Survey
Region Sub-region
Americas Northern America (including Mexico)
South America
Asia East and South-East Asia

Central Asia and Transcaucasia

Near and Middle East/South-West Asia

Europe Eastern Europe

South-Eastern Europe (including Turkey)

Western and Central Europe

Oceania Australia and New Zealand

* Following their international control in 2015, mephedrone, MDPV and BZP no longer belong to the categ

Sources:
- Annual Report Questionnaire (ARQ)
- Government (Gov.)
- European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction (EMCDDA)
 Prevalence of use of miscellaneous new p
Survey
Country Substance
year
United States of America BZP/TFMPP 2014-15
Chile NPS 2016
Japan NPS 2016
NPS 2016
NPS 2017
NPS 2017
Georgia NPS 2015
Israel NPS 2014
PCP/Ketamine 2009
NPS 2016
Moldova (Republic of) NPS 2015
Romania NPS 2015
NPS 2016
Ukraine NPS 2015
Albania NPS 2015
Bulgaria NPS 2015
Croatia Mephedrone 2010-11
Synthetic cathinones 2012
NPS 2015
Montenegro NPS 2015
The former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia NPS 2015
Austria NPS 2014
NPS 2015
Belgium NPS 2015
NPS 2013
2013
Czechia NPS 2015
NPS 2015
Cyprus NPS 2015
Denmark NPS 2015
Estonia NPS 2015
Faroe Islands NPS 2015
France NPS 2015
Finland MDPV 2010
NPS 2015
NPS 2016
Germany NPS 2015
NPS 2015
Greece NPS 2015
Hungary Mephedrone 2011
Mephedrone 2015
NPS 2015
Iceland NPS 2015
Ireland and Northern Ireland Mephedrone 2010-11
Mephedrone 2010-11
NPS 2014-15
NPS 2015
Italy NPS 2015
Mephedrone 2016
Mephedrone 2017
Latvia NPS 2015
Liechtenstein NPS 2015
Lithuania NPS 2015
NPS 2016
Luxembourg NPS 2013-2015
Malta Mephedrone 2011
Ketamine 2009
NPS 2015
Monaco NPS 2015
Netherlands NPS 2015
Norway NPS 2015
NPS 2016
NPS 2017
NPS 2017
Poland NPS 2015
NPS 2016
NPS 2016
Portugal NPS 2012
NPS 2012
NPS 2015
NPS 2017
Slovakia Mephedrone 2010
Mephedrone 2010
Synthetic cathinones 2015
NPS 2015
Slovenia NPS 2011-12
NPS 2015
Spain Piperazines 2010
Piperazines 2011
Piperazines 2012
Piperazines 2013
Mephedrone 2010
Mephedrone 2011
Mephedrone 2012
Mephedrone 2013
Mephedrone 2014
Mephedrone 2015
Mephedrone 2016
 NPS 2015
Sweden NPS 2015
United Kingdom (England) Mephedrone 2014
Mephedrone 2016
United Kingdom (England and Wales) BZP 2010-11
BZP 2010-11
BZP 2011-12
Mephedrone 2011-12
Mephedrone 2011-12
Mephedrone 2012-13
Mephedrone 2012-13
Mephedrone 2013-14
Mephedrone 2013-14
Mephedrone 2014-15
Mephedrone 2014-15
Mephedrone 2015-16
Mephedrone 2015-16
Mephedrone 2016
Mephedrone 2016-17
Mephedrone 2017
Mephedrone 2017-18
Mephedrone 2017-18
NPS 2015-16
NPS 2015-16
NPS 2016
NPS 2016-17
NPS 2016-17
NPS 2017-18
NPS 2017-18
United Kingdom (Scotland) Mephedrone 2015
NPS 2015
Australia NPS 2013
NPS 2013
NPS 2016
NPS 2016
New Zealand BZP 2008
BZP 2008
, MDPV and BZP no longer belong to the category of new psychoactive substances. However, for the data presented h

DDA)
of miscellaneous new psychoactive substances* in the general and youth populations (per
Lifetime Past-year Past-month
Age
All Male Female All Male Female All Male
10th Grade (15-16) 0.68 0.34 0.58
15-64 0.02 0.02 0.02 0.01 0.02 0.00 0.00 0.00
15-64 0.30 0.10
15-16 0.20 0.40 0.10 0.10
15-16 0.20 0.40 0.10
15-64 0.20 0.00
15-16 7.00 10.00 3.00 3.00 5.00 1.00
15-16 5.30 9.00 1.60
18-40 0.90 0.12 0.22 0.03 0.05
18-65 3.30 5.50 1.00 0.90 1.70 0.10 0.60 1.10
15-16 2.00 3.00 1.00 1.00 2.00 0.00
15-16 5.10 5.80 4.50 3.00 3.00 3.00
15-64 2.50 3.40 1.60 0.90 1.30 0.60 0.30 0.50
15-16 4.00 5.00 4.00 3.00 3.00 2.00
15-16 4.00 6.00 2.00 2.00 3.00 1.00
15-16 8.00 10.00 7.00 6.00 6.00 5.00 5.00
n/a 0.30 1.50
school population* 0.90 0.20
15-16 7.00 7.00 6.00 6.00 6.00 2.00 5.00
15-16 3.00 4.00 2.00 2.00 3.00 2.00
15-16 4.00 5.00 3.00 1.00 1.00 1.00
15-64 7.00 2.00 0.00
15-16 3.00 4.00 3.00 2.00 3.00 2.00
15-16 1.00 1.00 0.00 1.00 1.00 1.00
15-34 0.20
15-64 0.10
15-64 4.50 6.40 2.70 1.20 1.70 0.70 0.40 0.20
15-16 7.00 6.00 7.00 4.00 3.00 5.00
15-16 4.00 6.00 2.00 2.00 3.00 1.00
15-16 1.00 2.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00
15-16 10.00 10.00 9.00 8.00 8.00 8.00
15-16 3.00 1.00
15-16 4.00 5.00 4.00 4.00 5.00 4.00
15-69 0.10
15-16 1.00 2.00 1.00 1.00 2.00 1.00
15-16 1.00 2.00 1.00
15-16 0.10 0.20 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
18-64 2.80 3.10 2.50 0.90 0.90 0.90 0.00 0.00
15-16 2.51 3.51 1.54 2.00 2.00 1.00
16 6.00 5.80 6.30 3.00 3.00 3.00
15-64 0.67 1.15 0.27 0.15 0.33 0.00 0.07 0.16
15-16 4.00 3.00 4.00
15-16 3.00 2.00 3.00 2.00 1.00 2.00
15-64 2.00 3.10 0.90 1.10 1.90 0.30 0.10 0.10
15-34 4.30 2.20 0.10
15-64 3.50 4.70 2.30 0.80 1.20 0.50 0.10 0.10
15-16 7.00 8.00 5.00 5.00 6.00 4.00
15-16 6.00 6.00 5.00 5.00 5.00 5.00
15-19 1.17 1.44 0.90
15-19 0.72 0.93 0.50
15-16 7.00 8.00 5.00 4.00 4.00 3.00
15-16 4.00 6.00 3.00 3.00 3.00 3.00
15-16 5.00 6.00 5.00 4.00 4.00 4.00
15-64 0.60 1.20 0.20 0.20 0.30 0.10
15-64 0.50 0.20 0.10
15-16 3.50 5.00 2.00
n/a 0.80 1.10 0.40
15-16 4.00 4.00 4.00 3.00 4.00 3.00
15-16 4.00 4.00 5.00 4.00 3.00 4.00
12-16 2.00 3.00 2.00 1.00
15-16 1.00 2.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00
16-64 0.60 0.90 0.30 0.10 0.20 0.00
15-16 1.00 2.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00
16-64 1.10 1.70 0.40 0.10 0.20 0.00
15-16 10.00 10.00 9.00 8.00 8.00 8.00
15-16 3.60 4.30 2.90 1.10 1.50 0.70 0.70 0.90
15-64 1.20 1.40 1.10 0.80 0.90 0.70 0.30 0.50
15-34 0.90
15-64 0.40
15-16 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00
15-64 0.30 0.40 0.10 0.20 0.30 0.10 0.00 0.00
15-64 0.00 0.10 0.00
15-19 1.70
15-64 0.30 0.50 0.10 0.10 0.30 0.00 0.30 0.50
15-16 4.00 4.00 4.00 3.00 3.00 3.00
15-64 0.60 0.90 0.30 0.30 0.40 0.20 0.10 0.10
15-16 3.00 3.00 3.00 2.00 2.00 2.00
14-18 0.40 0.60 0.20 0.30 0.40 0.20 0.20 0.30
15-64 0.10 0.20 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
14-18 0.40 0.60 0.30 0.30 0.50 0.20 0.20 0.40
15-64 0.00 0.10 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
14-18 0.40 0.60 0.20 0.30 0.50 0.20 0.20 0.30
15-64 0.10 0.20 0.00 0.00 0.10 0.00 0.00 0.00
14-18 0.50 0.70 0.20 0.30 0.50 0.10 0.20 0.40
15-64 0.10 0.10 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
14-18 0.50 0.70 0.20 0.30 0.50 0.20 0.30 0.40
15-64 0.20 0.20 0.10 0.00 0.10 0.00 0.00 0.00
14-18 0.50 0.60 0.30 0.40 0.50 0.20 0.20 0.30
 15-16 4.00 5.00 3.00 3.00 3.00 2.00
15-16 4.00 3.00 4.00 2.00 2.00 2.00
15 1.20 1.00 1.50 1.20 1.00 1.50 0.80 0.70
15 1.00 1.40 0.60 0.70 1.00 0.50 0.30 0.20
16-59 0.10
16-24 0.20
16-59 0.10
16-59 1.00 1.50 0.70
16-24 3.30
16-59 1.90 0.50
16-24 4.50 1.60
16-59 2.29 3.20 1.40 0.65 0.91 0.39
16-24 6.27 1.86
16-24 5.30 1.90 0.50
16-59 2.20 3.20 1.30 0.50 0.70 0.30 0.20 0.20
16-59 2.00 2.90 1.10 0.30 0.40 0.10 0.10 0.20
16-24 0.90
15.00 1.00 1.40 0.60 0.70 1.00 0.50 0.30 0.20
16-24 3.30 3.80 2.80 0.30 0.50 0.20 0.00
16-59 1.80 2.50 1.20 0.10 0.20 0.10 0.01 0.00
16-24 0.20 0.30 0.10
16-59 0.10 0.10 0.00
16-59 2.70 3.80 1.70 0.70 1.10 0.40
16-24 6.00 8.00 3.90 2.60 3.60 1.60
15.00 3.90 4.10 3.70 2.70 2.30 3.00 0.90 0.80
16-24 4.20 5.30 3.10 1.20 1.60 0.90
16-59 2.40 3.20 1.60 0.40 0.60 0.30
16-24 4.70 6.00 3.30 1.20 1.50 0.80
16-59 2.50 3.30 1.70 0.40 0.50 0.20
13 & 15 1.20 1.00 0.70
15-16 5.00 2.00
14+ 0.40 0.40
14-19 0.50 0.50
14+ 1.00 0.30
14-19 0.70 0.40
16-17 19.90 15.50 24.30 13.40 9.50 17.30
16-64 13.50 15.70 11.40 5.60 6.40 4.90
wever, for the data presented here for the estimates years prior to 2015, information available on their prevalence of u
populations (percentage)
Past-month
Female
0.00

0.10

0.20

0.50

0.00

0.00
0.00

0.10

0.40
0.20

0.00

0.00

0.10

0.10
0.00
0.10
0.00
0.10
0.00
0.10
0.00
0.10
0.00
0.10
 0.90
0.40

0.10
0.00

0.40

0.00

1.00

their prevalence of use was included in this table.

ns (percentage)

Source
ARQ
ARQ
ARQ
ARQ
ARQ
ARQ
ESPAD Report 2015
ARQ
ARQ
ARQ
ESPAD Report 2015
ARQ/ESPAD Report 2015
ARQ
ESPAD Report 2015
ESPAD Report 2015
ESPAD Report 2015
2012 National Report to the EMCDDA
2014 National Report to the EMCDDA
ESPAD Report 2015
ESPAD Report 2015
ESPAD Report 2015
2014 National Report to the EMCDDA
ESPAD Report 2015
ESPAD Report 2015
Gov./ Health Interview Survey Belgium, 2013
Gov./ Health Interview Survey Belgium, 2013
ARQ
ESPAD Report 2015
ESPAD Report 2015
ESPAD Report 2015
ESPAD Report 2015
ESPAD Report 2015
ESPAD Report 2015
ARQ
ARQ
ARQ
ARQ
ARQ
ARQ/ESPAD Report 2015
ARQ
ARQ
ESPAD Report 2015
ESPAD Report 2015
Drug Prevalence Survey 2010/11: Regional Drug Task Force (Ireland) and Health & Social Care Trust (Northern
Drug Prevalence Survey 2010/11: Regional Drug Task Force (Ireland) and Health & Social Care Trust (Northern
ARQ
ESPAD Report 2015
ESPAD Report 2015
ARQ
ARQ
ESPAD Report 2015
ESPAD Report 2015
ESPAD Report 2015
ARQ
ARQ
ARQ
ARQ
ESPAD Report 2015
ESPAD Report 2015
ARQ
ARQ
ARQ
ARQ
ARQ
ESPAD Report 2015
ARQ
ARQ
Portugal Country Drug Report 2017, EMCDDA
Portugal Country Drug Report 2017, ECMDDA
ESPAD Report 2015
ARQ
ARQ
2011 National Report to the EMCDDA
ARQ
ESPAD Report 2015
ARQ
ARQ/ESPAD Report 2015
Government
Government
Government
Government
Government
Government
Government
Gov./Informe 2015: Alcohol, Tabaco y drogas ilegales en España
Government
Gov./Estadísticas 2017: Alcohol, tabaco y drogas ilegales en España
Government
 ESPAD Report 2015
ESPAD Report 2015
ARQ
ARQ
Drug Misuse Declared: Findings from the 2010/2011 British Crime Survey England and Wales
Drug Misuse Declared: Findings from the 2010/2011 British Crime Survey England and Wales
Drug Misuse: Findings from the 2011/2012 British Crime Survey for England and Wales
Drug Misuse: Findings from the 2011/2012 British Crime Survey for England and Wales
Drug Misuse: Findings from the 2011/2012 British Crime Survey for England and Wales
Drug Misuse: Findings from the 2012/2013 British Crime Survey for England and Wales
Drug Misuse: Findings from the 2012/2013 British Crime Survey for England and Wales
Drug Misuse: Findings from the 2013/2014 British Crime Survey for England and Wales
Drug Misuse: Findings from the 2013/2014 British Crime Survey for England and Wales
Drug Misuse: Findings from the 2014/2015 British Crime Survey for England and Wales
ARQ
ARQ
Drug Misuse: Findings from the 2015/2016 Crime Survey for England and Wales
Government: Smoking, Drinking, and Drug Use among Young People in England survey-2016
Gov./Drug Misuse: Findings from the 2016/2017 Crime Survey for England and Wales
ARQ/Gov./ Drug Misuse: Findings from the 2016/2017 Crime Survey for England and Wales
Drug Misuse: Findings from the 2017/2018 Crime Survey for England and Wales
Drug Misuse: Findings from the 2017/2018 Crime Survey for England and Wales
Drug Misuse: Findings from the 2016/2017 Crime Survey for England and Wales
Drug Misuse: Findings from the 2016/2017 Crime Survey for England and Wales
Government: Smoking, Drinking, and Drug Use among Young People in England survey-2016
Drug Misuse: Findings from the 2016/2017 Crime Survey for England and Wales
Drug Misuse: Findings from the 2016/2017 Crime Survey for England and Wales
Drug Misuse: Findings from the 2017/2018 Crime Survey for England and Wales
Drug Misuse: Findings from the 2017/2018 Crime Survey for England and Wales
Scottish Schools Adolescent Lifestyle and Substance Use Survey (SALSUS) 2015
Scottish Schools Adolescent Lifestyle and Substance Use Survey (SALSUS) 2015
2016 National Drug Strategy Household Survey not relayed in the latest ARQ.
ARQ
2016 National Drug Strategy Household Survey not relayed in the latest ARQ.
2016 National Drug Strategy Household Survey not relayed in the latest ARQ.
2007/08 New Zealand Alcohol and Drug Use Survey
2007/08 New Zealand Alcohol and Drug Use Survey
ence of use was included in this table.
Region Sub-region
Africa Eastern Africa

Americas Northern America (including Mexico)

Asia East and Southeast Asia

Near and Middle East/South-West Asia

Europe Western and Central Europe

Sources:
- Annual Report Questionnaire (ARQ)
- Government (Gov.)
- European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction (EMCDDA)
- Government (Gov.)
 Prevalence of use of miscellaneous ne
Survey
Country Substance
year
Kenya Khat 2017
Khat 2017
Canada Salvia Divinorum 2011
Salvia Divinorum 2010-11
Salvia Divinorum 2014-15
Salvia Divinorum 2015
Salvia Divinorum 2016-17
United States of America Khat 2015
Salvia Divinorum 2011
Salvia Divinorum 2014
Salvia Divinorum 2013
Salvia Divinorum 2012
Salvia Divinorum 2011
Salvia Divinorum 2010
Salvia Divinorum 2009
Salvia Divinorum 2015
Salvia Divinorum 2014-15
Salvia Divinorum 2015
Salvia Divinorum 2015
Salvia Divinorum 2016
Salvia Divinorum 2016
Salvia Divinorum 2016
Salvia Divinorum 2016
Salvia Divinorum 2017
Salvia Divinorum 2017
Salvia Divinorum 2017
Thailand Kratom 2016
Israel Khat 2008
Khat 2008
Khat 2014
Lebanon Salvia Divinorum 2017
Yemen Khat 2006
Italy Salvia Divinorum 2016
Salvia Divinorum 2017
Latvia Salvia Divinorum 2011
Spain Salvia Divinorum 2011
Salvia Divinorum 2012
Salvia Divinorum 2013
Salvia Divinorum 2014
Salvia Divinorum 2015
Salvia Divinorum 2016
United Kingdrom (England and Wales) Khat 2010-11
 Khat 2015-16
Khat 2015
Salvia Divinorum 2012-13
Salvia Divinorum 2012-13
Salvia Divinorum 2013-14
Salvia Divinorum 2013-14
United Kingdom (Scotland) Salvia Divinorum 2015

MCDDA)
of use of miscellaneous new psychoactive substances* in the general and youth population
Lifetime Past-year Past-month
Age
All Male Female All Male Female All
15-16 16.70 20.20 2.50 5.50
15-64 8.70 14.60 3.00 5.50
15-64 1.60 2.2 est. 1.1 est.
15-16 (Grade 10) 5.80 8.50 2.90 3.80 5.50 2.00
15-16 (Grade 10) 2.13 2.70 1.54 1.44 2.08 0.77
15-64 2.71 4.17 1.25
15-16 1.51 2.11 0.87 0.92 1.28
19-30 0.50
19 - 30 2.30 3.50 1.50
12th Grade 1.80
12th Grade 3.40
12th Grade 4.40
12th Grade 5.90
12th Grade 5.50
12th Grade 5.70
8th Grade 0.70
10th Grade (15-16) 2.13 2.70 1.54 1.44 2.08 0.77
12th Grade 1.90
15-64 2.71 4.17 1.25
8th Grade 0.90
10th Grade 0.90
12th Grade 1.80
19-30 0.70 1.00 0.50
8th Grade 0.40
10th Grade 0.90
12th Grade 1.50
15-16 100.00 98.98 1.02
18-40 1.84
12-18 6.65
15-16 4.50 7.00 2.00
15-64 2.40
12 and above 52.30 72.00 32.60
15-19 2.12 2.60 1.66 1.25 1.65 0.86 1.00
15-19 1.57 2.05 1.07 0.76 1.08 0.43 0.42
15-16 4.40 6.40 2.10
15-64 0.90 1.30 0.40 0.20 0.30 0.10 0.10
14-18 0.80 1.20 0.40 0.50 0.90 0.20 0.30
15-64 0.50 0.80 0.20 0.10 0.20 0.00 0.00
14-18 0.70 1.00 0.40 0.40 0.70 0.20 0.30
15-64 0.50 0.80 0.10 0.10 0.20 0.00 0.10
14-18 0.60 0.60 0.50 0.40 0.40 0.30 0.20
16-59 0.20
 16-59 0.06
16-59 0.04
16-59 0.30
16-24 1.10
16-59 0.49
16-24 1.80
13 & 15 1.00 0.90 0.60
and youth populations (percentage)
Past-month
Male Female
11.50 1.10
7.60 0.70

1.36 0.64
0.61 0.22

0.20 0.10
0.50 0.10
0.10 0.00
0.50 0.20
0.10 0.00
0.30 0.10
ulations (percentage)

Source
ARQ
ARQ
ARQ
ARQ
ARQ
ARQ
ARQ
Monitoring the Future 2015
Monitoring the Future 2011
Monitoring the Future 2014
Monitoring the Future 2013 Overview: Key Findings on Adolescent Drug Use
Monitoring the Future 2013 Overview: Key Findings on Adolescent Drug Use
Monitoring the Future 2011
Monitoring the Future 2011
Monitoring the Future 2011
Monitoring the Future 2015
ARQ
Monitoring the Future 2015
Monitoring the Future 2015
Monitoring the Future 2016
Monitoring the Future 2016
Monitoring the Future 2016
Monitoring the Future 2016
Monitoring the Future 2017
Monitoring the Future 2017
Monitoring the Future 2017
ARQ
Illegal use of drugs and alcohol in Israel 2009: Seventh national epidemiological survey
Illegal use of drugs and alcohol in Israel 2009: Seventh national epidemiological survey
ARQ
ARQ
Towards Qat Demand Reduction (World Bank)
ARQ
ARQ
ARQ
Government
Government
Government
Government
Gov./Estadísticas 2017: Alcohol, tabaco y drogas ilegales en España
Government
Drug Misuse Declared: Findings from the 2010/2011 British Crime Survey England and Wales
Drug Misuse: Findings from the 2015/2016 Crime Survey for England and Wales
ARQ
Drug Misuse: Findings from the 2012/2013 Crime Survey for England and Wales
Drug Misuse: Findings from the 2012/2013 Crime Survey for England and Wales
Drug Misuse: Findings from the 2013/2014 Crime Survey for England and Wales
Drug Misuse: Findings from the 2013/2014 Crime Survey for England and Wales
Scottish Schools Adolescent Lifestyle and Substance Use Survey (SALSUS) 2015