Cognitive Intelligence

Before we directly look in to the concept of CI, Let us define what you mean
by Intelligence, Cognition & Cognition Process in general.

Definition of Intelligence: Intelligence can be defined as a general mental

ability for reasoning, problem solving and learning of an individual human
being.

Definition of Cognitive or Cognition: It is a term referring to the mental

processes involved in gaining knowledge and comprehension.

What is cognitive process: Cognitive process includes

thinking,knowing,remembering,judging and problem solving.

Note: These are higher level functions of the brain nd includes language
imagination, perception,attention and memory.

Now after understanding the basic definitions, let us define Cognitive

Intelligence or Cognitive Computing.

Definition of Cognitive Intelligence or Cognitive Computing

Cognitive Intelligence is a part of Artificial Intelligence, that mainly covers

the technology and tools that allow our apps, websites to see, hear, speak and
understand the needs of the user through natural language. They are they AI
apps that allow machines to learn their users’ language.

They are the AI applications that allow machines to learn their languages, so
that the users don’t have to learn the language of machines.

Ex: Robots, Google Assistant, Cortana, Alexa.

OR

Cognitive computing systems use computerized models to simulate the

human cognition process to find solutions in complex situations, where the
answers may be ambiguous & uncertain.

Ex: IBM’s Watson, Robotics, Augmented Reality tools.

Features of Cognitive Intelligence

With the present state of cognitive function computing, basic solution can play an
excellent role of an assistant or virtual advisor. Siri, Google assistant, Cortana, and
Alexa are good examples of personal assistants. Virtual advisor such as Dr. AI by
HealthTap is a cognitive solution.

Cognitive Computing consortium has recommended the following features for the
computing systems –
1. Adaptive

This is the first step in making a machine learning based cognitive system. The
solutions should mimic the ability of human brain to learn and adapt from the
surroundings. The systems can’t be programmed for an isolated task. It needs to be
dynamic in data gathering, understanding goals, and requirements.

2. Interactive

Similar to brain the cognitive solution must interact with all elements in the system –
processor, devices, cloud services and user. Cognitive systems should interact bi-
directionally. It should understand human input and provide relevant results using
natural language processing and deep learning. Some skilled intelligent chatbots
such as Mitsuku have already achieved this feature.

3. Iterative and stateful

The system should “remember” previous interactions in a process and return

information that is suitable for the specific application at that point in time. It should
be able to define the problem by asking questions or finding an additional source.
This feature needs a careful application of the data quality and validation
methodologies in order to ensure that the system is always provided with enough
information and that the data sources it operates on to deliver reliable and up-to-
date input.

4. Contextual

They must understand, identify, and extract contextual elements such as meaning,
syntax, time, location, appropriate domain, regulations, user’s profile, process, task,
and goal. They may draw on multiple sources of information, including both
structured and unstructured digital information, as well as sensory inputs (visual,
gestural, auditory, or sensor-provided).

Applications of Cognitive Computing

Considering a large amount of data and information that a company needs to

manage and the care it must take to ensure that nothing is damaged, it is essential
to adopt more effective analysis systems than traditional ones.

Thus, cognitive computing through data mining, language processing, and machine
learning can be used to identify these risk points.

Risk assessment

To predict the risk involved in an investment, risk management in financial services

includes the analyst going through historical data and market trends. Cognitive
computing helps to blend market trends and behavioural data to generate insights
that can further be evaluated by senior analysts for predictions.

Fraud Detection

Fraud detection is basically a type of anomaly detection. The objective of this

application is to determine transactions that seem to be unusual. Nevertheless, this
also requires programs to analyze past data to understand the parameters to use to
judge a transaction. To detect anomalies a variety of data analysis techniques such
as decision tree, logistic regression, cluster, random forest can be used.
Chatbots

When you chat with an auto responder tool and it understands what you are
demand is, knowing the needs of the user based on previous communication, giving
suggestions, etc. even if you ask the same query in different ways, cognitive
computing is being used. It enables chatbots to have a certain level of
communication intelligence.

Next Generation Search:

We all love Google for what it does. Just with a click, we gain access to information
which is filtered from billions of web pages. But it is also true that the results we get
don’t always solve the query. Google has effectively used a decoy algorithm that
ranks pages based on popularity and keywords. The future now lies in intent and
reasoning based search that produces the highest accuracy and relevancy results.
We will be using an AI-based search engine that makes all this possible. Whether the
offering will be from Google or not is yet an unanswered question.

Intent-Based Natural Language Processing:

Data scientists will move from basic machine learning techniques like multi-label
classification to more holistic deep neural networks which ideally require large data
sets. Hence, we will be moving beyond word template matching to catering to user
intent. The level of intent matching can vary between extreme ranges.

For instance, if I say, “I want to book a Dr’s appointment” the bot can refer to nearest
doctors based on my location. This seems to be a fairly simple scenario but what
more it can do is look through my search history and refer a specific doctor if my
online behavior indicates research on a specific disease or health condition.

Cognitive Computing Examples: Use Cases

Cognitive Computing in Insurance

Cognitive computing in the insurance industry is helping insurers reduce

underwriting risks, insurance assessment inaccuracies and reduce claims costs.
After all, the predictive capabilities of cognitive computing help to accurately
estimate future claims amounts based on the financial arrangements that can be
made. For example, IBM Watson was deployed by USAA to check that a policy
application deserved approval or needed to be denied incase if it was out of line with
contemporary policies.

Cognitive Computing in Customer Service

Routine and uncertainty alternate wildly in the domain of customer service.

Therefore, customer service agents need to stay current with product changes. This,
in addition to understanding the customer perspective and providing assistance
without letting human inefficiencies get in the way. At the same time, the cost must
also be kept to a minimum to maintain the profitability of the business. For example,
VentureBeat researched the world about popular chatbots and focused on some that
were outperforming human customer service.
Cognitive Computing in Healthcare

Handwritten notes, long periods to identify disease symptoms, and lack of

information remain primary causes that undermine the efficiency of health care
professionals. By offering insightful information via programmatic computing,
cognitive computing can eradicate all these inefficiencies. For example, researchers
at the University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA) were able to quickly identify
people with diabetes changes by mining thousands of patient records in digital
format. Data mining also revealed patterns that helped identify the chances of
previously unknown disease patterns.

Difference between AI & CI

Sr.No Parameters CI AI
1 Technology ML,NLP,Neural AI, ML, NLP, Neural
Network,Deep Learning, Network, Deep Learning
Sentiment Analysis
2 Capabilities Simulate human Find pattern in Big data to
thought processes to learn & reveal hidden
assist humans in information or deliver
finding solutions to solutions to complex
complex poblems problems.
3 Purpose Augument Human Automate Process
Capabilities
4 Industries Customer Service, Finance, Security,
Healthcare,Industrial Healthcare, retail,
Sector manufacturing &
government.
5 Examples IBM Watson for AI relies on algorithms to
oncology: To provide solve a problem or to identify
evidence based patterns hidden in data.
treatment for cancer
patient.