Featuring Hospital

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<h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading" lang="en">Hospital</h1>
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<div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free
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<div id="mw-content-text" lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-
ltr"><div class="mw-parser-output"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt
noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Health care facility with specialized staff
and equipment</div>
<div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">For other uses, see <a
href="/wiki/Hospital_(disambiguation)" class="mw-disambig" title="Hospital
(disambiguation)">Hospital (disambiguation)</a>.</div>
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<table class="infobox" style="width:22em"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" style="text-
align:center;font-size:125%;font-weight:bold;background-
color:#b0c4de"><b>Hospital</b></th></tr><tr style="display:none;"><td colspan="2"
style="text-align:center"></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" style="text-
align:center"><a href="/wiki/File:NewYorkPresbyterian-Cornell.jpg"
class="image"><img alt="NewYorkPresbyterian-Cornell.jpg"
src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/02/NewYorkPresbyterian-
Cornell.jpg/220px-NewYorkPresbyterian-Cornell.jpg" decoding="async" width="220"
height="161"
srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/02/NewYorkPresbyterian-
Cornell.jpg/330px-NewYorkPresbyterian-Cornell.jpg 1.5x,
//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/02/NewYorkPresbyterian-
Cornell.jpg/440px-NewYorkPresbyterian-Cornell.jpg 2x" data-file-width="800" data-
file-height="587" /></a><div><a href="/wiki/NewYork%E2%80%93Presbyterian_Hospital"
class="mw-redirect" title="NewYork–Presbyterian Hospital">NewYork–Presbyterian
Hospital</a> in <a href="/wiki/New_York_City" title="New York City">New York
City</a> is one of the world's busiest hospitals. Pictured is the <a
href="/wiki/Weill_Cornell_Medicine" title="Weill Cornell Medicine">Weill
Cornell</a> facility (white complex at the centre).</div></td></tr><tr
style="display:none"><td colspan="2">
</td></tr></tbody></table>
<table class="vertical-navbox nowraplinks hlist"
style="float:right;clear:right;width:22.0em;margin:0 0 1.0em
1.0em;background:#f8f9fa;border:1px solid #aaa;padding:0.2em;border-spacing:0.4em
0;text-align:center;line-height:1.4em;font-size:88%"><tbody><tr><th class="navbox-
title" style="padding:0.2em 0.4em 0.2em;font-size:145%;line-height:1.2em"><a
href="/wiki/Public_infrastructure" title="Public infrastructure">Public
infrastructure</a></th></tr><tr><td style="padding:0.2em 0 0.4em"><a
href="/wiki/File:Grand_Coulee_Dam_spillway.jpg" class="image"><img alt="Grand
Coulee Dam spillway.jpg"
src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d8/Grand_Coulee_Dam_spillway.
jpg/230px-Grand_Coulee_Dam_spillway.jpg" decoding="async" width="230" height="153"
srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d8/Grand_Coulee_Dam_spillw
ay.jpg/345px-Grand_Coulee_Dam_spillway.jpg 1.5x,
//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d8/Grand_Coulee_Dam_spillway.jpg/4
60px-Grand_Coulee_Dam_spillway.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3072" data-file-
height="2048" /></a><div style="padding-top:0.2em;line-height:1.2em"><a
href="/wiki/Grand_Coulee_Dam" title="Grand Coulee Dam">Grand Coulee
Dam</a></div></td></tr><tr><th style="padding:0.1em;padding-bottom:0.25em;
background:lavender;">
<a href="/wiki/Fixed_asset" title="Fixed asset">Assets</a> and
facilities</th></tr><tr><td style="padding:0 0.1em 0.4em">
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Airport" title="Airport">Airports</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Bridge" title="Bridge">Bridges</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Broadband" title="Broadband">Broadband</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Canal" title="Canal">Canals</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Coastal_management" title="Coastal management">Coastal
management</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Critical_infrastructure" title="Critical
infrastructure">Critical infrastructure</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Dam" title="Dam">Dams</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Electricity_generation" title="Electricity
generation">Electricity</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Energy_development" title="Energy development">Energy</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Hazardous_waste" title="Hazardous waste">Hazardous
waste</a></li>
<li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Hospitals</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Irrigation_scheme" class="mw-redirect" title="Irrigation
scheme">Irrigation schemes</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Levee" title="Levee">Levees</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Lighthouse" title="Lighthouse">Lighthouses</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Park" title="Park">Parks</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Pipeline_transport" title="Pipeline transport">Pipeline
transport</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Port" title="Port">Ports</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Public_transport" title="Public transport">Mass transit</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Public_housing" title="Public housing">Public housing</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/State_school" title="State school">State schools</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Public_space" title="Public space">Public spaces</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Rail_transport" title="Rail transport">Rail</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Road" title="Road">Roads</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Sewage" title="Sewage">Sewage</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Sluice" title="Sluice">Sluices</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Solid_waste" class="mw-redirect" title="Solid waste">Solid
waste</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Telecommunication"
title="Telecommunication">Telecommunication</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Public_utility" title="Public utility">Utilities</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Water_supply_network" title="Water supply network">Water
supply</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Weir" title="Weir">Weirs</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Wastewater" title="Wastewater">Wastewater</a></li></ul></td>
</tr><tr><th style="padding:0.1em;padding-bottom:0.25em; background:lavender;">
Concepts</th></tr><tr><td style="padding:0 0.1em 0.4em">
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Infrastructure_asset_management" title="Infrastructure asset
management">Asset management</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Appropriation_(law)" title="Appropriation
(law)">Appropriation</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Lindahl_tax" title="Lindahl tax">Lindahl tax</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Build%E2%80%93operate%E2%80%93transfer" title="Build–operate–
transfer">Build–operate–transfer</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Design%E2%80%93bid%E2%80%93build" title="Design–bid–
build">Design–bid–build</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Design%E2%80%93build" title="Design–build">Design–build</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Earmark_(politics)" title="Earmark (politics)">Earmark</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Fixed_cost" title="Fixed cost">Fixed cost</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Infrastructure#Engineering" title="Infrastructure">Engineering
contracts</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Externality" title="Externality">Externality</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Government_debt" title="Government debt">Government
debt</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Life-cycle_assessment" title="Life-cycle assessment">Life-cycle
assessment</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Maintenance_(technical)" title="Maintenance
(technical)">Maintenance</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Natural_monopoly" title="Natural monopoly">Monopoly</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Property_tax" title="Property tax">Property tax</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Public%E2%80%93private_partnership" title="Public–private
partnership">Public–private partnership</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Public_capital" title="Public capital">Public capital</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Public_finance" title="Public finance">Public finance</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Public_good_(economics)" title="Public good (economics)">Public
good</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Public_sector" title="Public sector">Public sector</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Renovation" title="Renovation">Renovation</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Upgrade" title="Upgrade">Replacement (upgrade)</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Spillover_(economics)" title="Spillover
(economics)">Spillover</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Supply_chain" title="Supply chain">Supply chain</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Taxation" class="mw-redirect"
title="Taxation">Taxation</a></li></ul></td>
Issues and ideas</th></tr><tr><td style="padding:0 0.1em 0.4em">
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Air_traffic_control" title="Air traffic control">Air traffic
control</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Brownfield_land" title="Brownfield land">Brownfield</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Carbon_footprint" title="Carbon footprint">Carbon
footprint</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Containerization"
title="Containerization">Containerization</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Congestion_pricing" title="Congestion pricing">Congestion
pricing</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Ecotax" title="Ecotax">Ecotax</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Ethanol" title="Ethanol">Ethanol fuel</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Fuel_tax" title="Fuel tax">Fuel tax</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Groundwater" title="Groundwater">Groundwater</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/High-speed_rail" title="High-speed rail">High-speed
rail</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Hybrid_vehicle" title="Hybrid vehicle">Hybrid vehicles</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Land-use_planning" title="Land-use planning">Land-use
planning</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Mobile_data_terminal" title="Mobile data terminal">Mobile data
terminal</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Pork_barrel" title="Pork barrel">Pork barrel</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Bus_rapid_transit" title="Bus rapid transit">Rapid bus
transit</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Recycling" title="Recycling">Recycling</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Renewable_resource" title="Renewable
resource">Renewables</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Reverse_osmosis" title="Reverse osmosis">Reverse
osmosis</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Smart_grid" title="Smart grid">Smart grid</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Smart_growth" title="Smart growth">Smart growth</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Stormwater" title="Stormwater">Stormwater</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Urban_sprawl" title="Urban sprawl">Urban sprawl</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Traffic_congestion" title="Traffic congestion">Traffic
congestion</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Transit-oriented_development" title="Transit-oriented
development">Transit-oriented development</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Vehicle_efficiency" class="mw-redirect" title="Vehicle
efficiency">Vehicle efficiency</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Waste-to-energy" title="Waste-to-energy">Waste-to-
energy</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Weatherization" title="Weatherization">Weatherization</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Wireless" title="Wireless">Wireless
technology</a></li></ul></td>
Fields of study</th></tr><tr><td style="padding:0 0.1em 0.4em">
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Architecture" title="Architecture">Architecture</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Chemical_engineering" title="Chemical engineering">Chemical
engineering</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Civil_engineering" title="Civil engineering">Civil</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Electrical_engineering" title="Electrical
engineering">Electrical</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Mechanical_engineering" title="Mechanical
engineering">Mechanical engineering</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Public_economics" title="Public economics">Public
economics</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Public_policy" title="Public policy">Public policy</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Urban_planning" title="Urban planning">Urban
planning</a></li></ul></td>
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<li><a href="/wiki/File:Nuvola_apps_kcmsystem.svg" class="image"><img alt="Nuvola
apps kcmsystem.svg"
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title="Portal:Engineering">Engineering portal</a></li></ul></td></tr><tr><td
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<p>A <b>hospital</b> is a <a href="/wiki/Health_care" title="Health care">health
care</a> institution providing <a href="/wiki/Patient" title="Patient">patient</a>
treatment with specialized medical and nursing staff and medical equipment.<sup
id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1">[1]</a></sup> The
best-known type of hospital is the general hospital, which typically has an <a
href="/wiki/Emergency_department" title="Emergency department">emergency
department</a> to treat urgent health problems ranging from fire and accident
victims to a sudden illness. A district hospital typically is the major health care
facility in its region, with many beds for <a href="/wiki/Intensive_care"
class="mw-redirect" title="Intensive care">intensive care</a> and additional beds
for patients who need long-term care. Specialized hospitals include <a
href="/wiki/Trauma_center" title="Trauma center">trauma centers</a>, <a
href="/wiki/Rehabilitation_hospital" title="Rehabilitation hospital">rehabilitation
hospitals</a>, <a href="/wiki/Children%27s_hospital" title="Children's
hospital">children's hospitals</a>, seniors' (<a href="/wiki/Geriatric" class="mw-
redirect" title="Geriatric">geriatric</a>) hospitals, and hospitals for dealing
with specific medical needs such as <a href="/wiki/Psychiatry"
title="Psychiatry">psychiatric</a> treatment (see <a
href="/wiki/Psychiatric_hospital" title="Psychiatric hospital">psychiatric
hospital</a>) and certain disease categories. Specialized hospitals can help reduce
<a href="/wiki/Health_care_costs" class="mw-redirect" title="Health care
costs">health care costs</a> compared to general hospitals.<sup id="cite_ref-
bbc1_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-bbc1-2">[2]</a></sup>
Hospitals are classified as general, specialty, or government depending on the
sources of income received.
</p><p>A <a href="/wiki/Teaching_hospital" title="Teaching hospital">teaching
hospital</a> combines assistance to people with teaching to medical students and
nurses. A medical facility smaller than a hospital is generally called a <a
href="/wiki/Clinic" title="Clinic">clinic</a>. Hospitals have a range of
departments (e.g. <a href="/wiki/Surgery" title="Surgery">surgery</a> and <a
href="/wiki/Urgent_care" class="mw-redirect" title="Urgent care">urgent care</a>)
and specialist units such as <a href="/wiki/Cardiology"
title="Cardiology">cardiology</a>. Some hospitals have <a href="/wiki/Outpatient"
class="mw-redirect" title="Outpatient">outpatient departments</a> and some have
chronic treatment units. Common support units include a <a
href="/wiki/Hospital_pharmacy" title="Hospital pharmacy">pharmacy</a>, <a
href="/wiki/Pathology" title="Pathology">pathology</a>, and <a
href="/wiki/Radiology" title="Radiology">radiology</a>.
</p><p>Hospitals are usually funded by <a href="/wiki/Publicly_funded_healthcare"
class="mw-redirect" title="Publicly funded healthcare">public funding</a>, health
organisations (<a href="/wiki/For-profit_hospital" title="For-profit hospital">for
profit</a> or <a href="/wiki/Non-profit_organisation" class="mw-redirect"
title="Non-profit organisation">nonprofit</a>), <a href="/wiki/Health_insurance"
title="Health insurance">health insurance</a> companies, or <a
href="/wiki/Charitable_organisation" class="mw-redirect" title="Charitable
organisation">charities</a>, including direct charitable donations. Historically,
hospitals were often founded and funded by <a href="/wiki/Religious_orders"
class="mw-redirect" title="Religious orders">religious orders</a>, or by charitable
individuals and leaders.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-
3">[3]</a></sup>
</p><p>Currently, hospitals are largely staffed by professional <a
href="/wiki/Physician" title="Physician">physicians</a>, <a href="/wiki/Surgeon"
title="Surgeon">surgeons</a>, <a href="/wiki/Nurse" class="mw-redirect"
title="Nurse">nurses</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Allied_health_professions"
title="Allied health professions">allied health practitioners</a>, whereas in the
past, this work was usually performed by the members of founding religious orders
or by <a href="/wiki/Volunteering" title="Volunteering">volunteers</a>. However,
there are various Catholic religious orders, such as the <a href="/wiki/Alexians"
title="Alexians">Alexians</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Bon_Secours_Sisters"
title="Bon Secours Sisters">Bon Secours Sisters</a> that still focus on hospital
ministry in the late 1990s, as well as several other Christian denominations,
including the Methodists and Lutherans, which run hospitals.<sup id="cite_ref-4"
class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4">[4]</a></sup> In accordance with
the original meaning of the word, hospitals were originally "places of
hospitality", and this meaning is still preserved in the names of some institutions
such as the <a href="/wiki/Royal_Hospital_Chelsea" title="Royal Hospital
Chelsea">Royal Hospital Chelsea</a>, established in 1681 as a retirement and
nursing home for veteran soldiers.
</p>
<style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r886046785">.mw-parser-output .toclimit-
2 .toclevel-1 ul,.mw-parser-output .toclimit-3 .toclevel-2 ul,.mw-parser-output
.toclimit-4 .toclevel-3 ul,.mw-parser-output .toclimit-5 .toclevel-4 ul,.mw-parser-
output .toclimit-6 .toclevel-5 ul,.mw-parser-output .toclimit-7 .toclevel-6
ul{display:none}</style><div class="toclimit-3"><div id="toc" class="toc"
role="navigation" aria-labelledby="mw-toc-heading"><input type="checkbox"
role="button" id="toctogglecheckbox" class="toctogglecheckbox" style="display:none"
/><div class="toctitle" lang="en" dir="ltr"><h2 id="mw-toc-
heading">Contents</h2><span class="toctogglespan"><label class="toctogglelabel"
for="toctogglecheckbox"></label></span></div>
<ul>
<li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-1"><a href="#Etymology"><span
class="tocnumber">1</span> <span class="toctext">Etymology</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-2"><a href="#Types"><span
class="tocnumber">2</span> <span class="toctext"><b></b> Types</span></a>
<ul>
<li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-3"><a href="#General_and_acute_care"><span
class="tocnumber">2.1</span> <span class="toctext">General and acute
care</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-4"><a href="#District"><span
class="tocnumber">2.2</span> <span class="toctext">District</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-5"><a href="#Specialized"><span
class="tocnumber">2.3</span> <span class="toctext">Specialized</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-6"><a href="#Teaching"><span
class="tocnumber">2.4</span> <span class="toctext">Teaching</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-7"><a href="#Clinics"><span
class="tocnumber">2.5</span> <span class="toctext">Clinics</span></a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-8"><a href="#Departments_or_wards"><span
class="tocnumber">3</span> <span class="toctext">Departments or
wards</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-9"><a href="#History"><span
class="tocnumber">4</span> <span class="toctext">History</span></a>
<ul>
<li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-10"><a href="#Early_examples"><span
class="tocnumber">4.1</span> <span class="toctext">Early examples</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-11"><a href="#Middle_Ages"><span
class="tocnumber">4.2</span> <span class="toctext">Middle Ages</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-12"><a
href="#Early_modern_and_Enlightenment_Europe"><span class="tocnumber">4.3</span>
<span class="toctext">Early modern and Enlightenment Europe</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-13"><a href="#19th_century"><span
class="tocnumber">4.4</span> <span class="toctext">19th century</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-14"><a href="#20th_century_and_beyond"><span
class="tocnumber">4.5</span> <span class="toctext">20th century and
beyond</span></a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-15"><a href="#Funding"><span
class="tocnumber">5</span> <span class="toctext">Funding</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-16"><a href="#Quality_and_safety"><span
class="tocnumber">6</span> <span class="toctext">Quality and safety</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-17"><a href="#Architecture"><span
class="tocnumber">7</span> <span class="toctext">Architecture</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-18"><a href="#See_also"><span
class="tocnumber">8</span> <span class="toctext">See also</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-19"><a href="#Notes"><span
class="tocnumber">9</span> <span class="toctext">Notes</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-20"><a href="#References"><span
class="tocnumber">10</span> <span class="toctext">References</span></a></li>
<li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-21"><a href="#Bibliography"><span
class="tocnumber">11</span> <span class="toctext">Bibliography</span></a>
<ul>
<li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-22"><a href="#History_of_hospitals"><span
class="tocnumber">11.1</span> <span class="toctext">History of
hospitals</span></a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-23"><a href="#External_links"><span
class="tocnumber">12</span> <span class="toctext">External links</span></a></li>
</ul>
</div>
</div>
<h2><span class="mw-headline" id="Etymology">Etymology</span><span class="mw-
editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?
title=Hospital&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section:
Etymology">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h2>
<div class="thumb tright"><div class="thumbinner" style="width:222px;"><a
href="/wiki/File:Hospital.svg" class="image"><img alt="White H on blue background,
used to represent hospitals in the US."
src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e1/Hospital.svg/220px-
Hospital.svg.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="220" class="thumbimage"
srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e1/Hospital.svg/330px-
Hospital.svg.png 1.5x,
//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e1/Hospital.svg/440px-
Hospital.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="400" data-file-height="400" /></a> <div
class="thumbcaption"><div class="magnify"><a href="/wiki/File:Hospital.svg"
class="internal" title="Enlarge"></a></div>During peacetime, hospitals can be
indicated by a variety of symbols. For example, a white 'H' on a blue background is
often used in the United States. During times of armed conflict, a hospital may be
marked with the emblem of the <a
href="/wiki/Emblems_of_the_International_Red_Cross_and_Red_Crescent_Movement"
title="Emblems of the International Red Cross and Red Crescent Movement">red cross,
red crescent or red crystal</a> in accordance with the <a
href="/wiki/Geneva_Conventions" title="Geneva Conventions">Geneva
Conventions</a>.</div></div></div><p> During the Middle Ages, hospitals served
different functions from modern institutions in that they were <a
href="/wiki/Almshouses" class="mw-redirect" title="Almshouses">almshouses</a> for
the poor, <a href="/wiki/Hostel" title="Hostel">hostels</a> for <a
href="/wiki/Pilgrims" class="mw-redirect" title="Pilgrims">pilgrims</a>, or <a
href="/wiki/Hospital_school" title="Hospital school">hospital schools</a>. The word
"hospital" comes from the <a href="/wiki/Latin_language" class="mw-redirect"
title="Latin language">Latin</a> <i>hospes</i>, signifying a stranger or foreigner,
hence a guest. Another noun derived from this, <i>hospitium</i> came to signify
hospitality, that is the relation between guest and shelterer, hospitality,
friendliness, and hospitable reception. By <a href="/wiki/Metonymy"
title="Metonymy">metonymy</a> the Latin word then came to mean a guest-chamber,
guest's lodging, an <a href="/wiki/Inn" title="Inn">inn</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-5"
class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5">[5]</a></sup> <i>Hospes</i> is
thus the root for the English words <i>host</i> (where the <i>p</i> was dropped for
convenience of pronunciation) <i><a href="/wiki/Hospitality"
title="Hospitality">hospitality</a></i>, <i><a href="/wiki/Hospice"
title="Hospice">hospice</a></i>, <i><a href="/wiki/Hostel"
title="Hostel">hostel</a></i> and <i><a href="/wiki/Hotel"
title="Hotel">hotel</a></i>. The latter modern word derives from Latin via the
ancient French romance word <i>hostel</i>, which developed a silent <i>s</i>, which
letter was eventually removed from the word, the loss of which is signified by a <a
href="/wiki/Circumflex" title="Circumflex">circumflex</a> in the modern French word
<i>hôtel</i>. The German word 'Spital' shares similar roots.
</p><p>The <a href="/wiki/Grammar" title="Grammar">grammar</a> of the word <a
href="/wiki/American_and_British_English_differences" class="mw-redirect"
title="American and British English differences">differs</a>(American English and
British English) slightly depending on the dialect. In the United States,
<i>hospital</i> usually requires an article; in the United Kingdom and elsewhere,
the word normally is used without an article when it is the object of a preposition
and when referring to a patient ("in/to the hospital" vs. "in/to hospital"); in
Canada, both uses are found.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact"
style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed"
title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to
reliable sources. (January 2011)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup>
</p>
<h2><span class="mw-headline" id="Types"><b><span class="anchor"
id="Types"></span></b> Types</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-
editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?
Types">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h2>
<p>Some <a href="/wiki/Patient" title="Patient">patients</a> go to a hospital just
for <a href="/wiki/Diagnosis" title="Diagnosis">diagnosis</a>, treatment, or
therapy and then leave ("outpatients") without staying overnight; while others are
"admitted" and stay overnight or for several days or weeks or months
("inpatients"). Hospitals usually are distinguished from other types of medical
facilities by their ability to admit and care for inpatients whilst the others,
which are smaller, are often described as clinics.
</p>
<ul class="gallery mw-gallery-traditional">
<li class="gallerybox" style="width: 235px"><div style="width: 235px">
<div class="thumb" style="width: 230px;"><div
style="margin:49.5px auto;"><a href="/wiki/File:Intensivstation_(01)_2007-03-
03.jpg" class="image"><img alt=""
src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/78/Intensivstation_
%2801%29_2007-03-03.jpg/200px-Intensivstation_%2801%29_2007-03-03.jpg"
decoding="async" width="200" height="131"
srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/78/Intensivstation_
%2801%29_2007-03-03.jpg/300px-Intensivstation_%2801%29_2007-03-03.jpg 1.5x,
//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/78/Intensivstation_%2801%29_2007-
03-03.jpg/400px-Intensivstation_%2801%29_2007-03-03.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1934"
data-file-height="1264" /></a></div></div>
<div class="gallerytext">
<p>A standard <a href="/wiki/Intensive_care_unit" title="Intensive care
unit">intensive care unit</a> (ICU) within a hospital
</p>
</div>
</div></li>
<div class="thumb" style="width: 230px;"><div style="margin:40px
auto;"><a href="/wiki/File:KlinikumAachen.jpg" class="image"><img alt=""
src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/31/KlinikumAachen.jpg/200px-
KlinikumAachen.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="150"
srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/31/KlinikumAachen.jpg/300p
x-KlinikumAachen.jpg 1.5x,
//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/31/KlinikumAachen.jpg/400px-
KlinikumAachen.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1600" data-file-height="1200"
/></a></div></div>
<p><a href="/wiki/Uniklinikum_Aachen" title="Uniklinikum Aachen">Uniklinikum
Aachen</a> in <a href="/wiki/Germany" title="Germany">Germany</a>
</p>
</div>
</div></li>
auto;"><a href="/wiki/File:TAYS,TAMPERE_1.12-09_aamulla_n.klo_8_-_panoramio.jpg"
class="image"><img alt=""
src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0a/TAYS%2CTAMPERE_1.12-
09_aamulla_n.klo_8_-_panoramio.jpg/200px-TAYS%2CTAMPERE_1.12-09_aamulla_n.klo_8_-
_panoramio.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="118"
srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0a/TAYS%2CTAMPERE_1.12-
09_aamulla_n.klo_8_-_panoramio.jpg/300px-TAYS%2CTAMPERE_1.12-09_aamulla_n.klo_8_-
_panoramio.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0a/TAYS
%2CTAMPERE_1.12-09_aamulla_n.klo_8_-_panoramio.jpg/400px-TAYS%2CTAMPERE_1.12-
09_aamulla_n.klo_8_-_panoramio.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5539" data-file-
height="3268" /></a></div></div>
<p><a href="/wiki/Tampere_University_Hospital" title="Tampere University
Hospital">Tampere University Hospital</a> in <a href="/wiki/Tampere"
title="Tampere">Tampere</a>, <a href="/wiki/Finland" title="Finland">Finland</a>
</p>
</div>
</div></li>
auto;"><a href="/wiki/File:AIIMS_central_lawn.jpg" class="image"><img alt=""
src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6d/AIIMS_central_lawn.jpg/200
px-AIIMS_central_lawn.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="150"
srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6d/AIIMS_central_lawn.jpg/
300px-AIIMS_central_lawn.jpg 1.5x,
//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6d/AIIMS_central_lawn.jpg/400px-
AIIMS_central_lawn.jpg 2x" data-file-width="720" data-file-height="540"
/></a></div></div>
<p><a href="/wiki/AIIMS,_New_Delhi" class="mw-redirect" title="AIIMS, New
Delhi">All India Institute of Medical Sciences</a> in <a href="/wiki/Delhi"
title="Delhi">Delhi</a>, <a href="/wiki/India" title="India">India</a>
</p>
</div>
</div></li>
auto;"><a href="/wiki/File:Lehigh-Valley-Hospital.x.jpg" class="image"><img alt=""
src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/06/Lehigh-Valley-
Hospital.x.jpg/200px-Lehigh-Valley-Hospital.x.jpg" decoding="async" width="200"
height="72" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/06/Lehigh-
Valley-Hospital.x.jpg/300px-Lehigh-Valley-Hospital.x.jpg 1.5x,
//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/06/Lehigh-Valley-
Hospital.x.jpg/400px-Lehigh-Valley-Hospital.x.jpg 2x" data-file-width="800" data-
file-height="288" /></a></div></div>
<p><a href="/wiki/Lehigh_Valley_Hospital" title="Lehigh Valley Hospital">Lehigh
Valley Hospital</a> in <a href="/wiki/Allentown,_Pennsylvania" title="Allentown,
Pennsylvania">Allentown, Pennsylvania</a>
</p>
</div>
</div></li>
</ul>
<h3><span class="mw-headline" id="General_and_acute_care">General and acute
care<span class="anchor" id="General_hospital"></span><span class="anchor"
id="General"></span></span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-
title=Hospital&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: General and
acute care">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h3>
<div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">"General hospital"
redirects here. For the American soap opera, see <a href="/wiki/General_Hospital"
title="General Hospital">General Hospital</a>.</div>
<p>The best-known type of hospital is the general hospital, also known as an acute-
care hospital. These facilities handle many kinds of disease and injury, and
normally have an emergency department (sometimes known as "accident &
emergency") or <a href="/wiki/Trauma_center" title="Trauma center">trauma
center</a> to deal with immediate and urgent threats to health. Larger cities may
have several hospitals of varying sizes and facilities. Some hospitals, especially
in the United States and Canada, have their own ambulance service.
</p>
<h3><span class="mw-headline" id="District">District</span><span class="mw-
District">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h3>
<div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a
href="/wiki/Regional_hospital" title="Regional hospital">Regional
hospital</a></div>
<p>A district hospital typically is the major health care facility in its region,
with large numbers of beds for <a href="/wiki/Intensive_care" class="mw-redirect"
title="Intensive care">intensive care</a>, <a href="/wiki/Critical_care_medicine"
class="mw-redirect" title="Critical care medicine">critical care</a>, and long-term
care.
</p><p>In <a href="/wiki/California" title="California">California</a>, "district
hospital" refers specifically to a class of healthcare facility created shortly
after <a href="/wiki/World_War_II" title="World War II">World War II</a> to address
a shortage of hospital beds in many local communities.<sup id="cite_ref-DHLF2013_6-
0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-DHLF2013-6">[6]</a></sup><sup
id="cite_ref-Knox2013_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Knox2013-
7">[7]</a></sup> Even today, district hospitals are the sole public
hospitals in 19 of California's counties,<sup id="cite_ref-DHLF2013_6-1"
class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-DHLF2013-6">[6]</a></sup> and are the
sole locally-accessible hospital within nine additional counties in which one or
more other hospitals are present at substantial distance from a local
community.<sup id="cite_ref-DHLF2013_6-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-
DHLF2013-6">[6]</a></sup> Twenty-eight of California's rural hospitals and
20 of its critical-access hospitals are district hospitals.<sup id="cite_ref-
Knox2013_7-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Knox2013-
7">[7]</a></sup> They are formed by local municipalities, have boards that
are individually elected by their local communities, and exist to serve local
needs.<sup id="cite_ref-DHLF2013_6-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-
DHLF2013-6">[6]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Knox2013_7-2"
class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Knox2013-7">[7]</a></sup> They are a
particularly important provider of healthcare to uninsured patients and patients
with <a href="/wiki/Medi-Cal" title="Medi-Cal">Medi-Cal</a> (which is California's
<a href="/wiki/Medicaid" title="Medicaid">Medicaid</a> program, serving low-income
persons, some <a href="/wiki/Senior_citizens" class="mw-redirect" title="Senior
citizens">senior citizens</a>, persons with <a href="/wiki/Disabilities" class="mw-
redirect" title="Disabilities">disabilities</a>, children in <a
href="/wiki/Foster_care" title="Foster care">foster care</a>, and pregnant
women).<sup id="cite_ref-DHLF2013_6-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-
DHLF2013-6">[6]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Knox2013_7-3"
class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Knox2013-7">[7]</a></sup> In 2012,
district hospitals provided $54 million in uncompensated care in California.<sup
id="cite_ref-Knox2013_7-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Knox2013-
7">[7]</a></sup>
</p>
<h3><span class="mw-headline" id="Specialized">Specialized</span><span class="mw-
Specialized">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h3>
href="/wiki/File:Starship_Children%27s_Health_Auckland.jpg" class="image"><img
alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6c/Starship_Children
%27s_Health_Auckland.jpg/170px-Starship_Children%27s_Health_Auckland.jpg"
decoding="async" width="170" height="227" class="thumbimage"
srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6c/Starship_Children
%27s_Health_Auckland.jpg/255px-Starship_Children%27s_Health_Auckland.jpg 1.5x,
//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6c/Starship_Children
%27s_Health_Auckland.jpg/340px-Starship_Children%27s_Health_Auckland.jpg 2x" data-
file-width="1200" data-file-height="1600" /></a> <div class="thumbcaption"><div
class="magnify"><a href="/wiki/File:Starship_Children%27s_Health_Auckland.jpg"
class="internal" title="Enlarge"></a></div><a href="/wiki/Starship_Children
%27s_Health" class="mw-redirect" title="Starship Children's Health">Starship
Children's Health</a> is a children's hospital in <a href="/wiki/Auckland"
title="Auckland">Auckland</a>, <a href="/wiki/New_Zealand" title="New Zealand">New
Zealand</a>.</div></div></div>
<p>A specialty hospital is primarily and exclusively dedicated to one or a few
related <a href="/wiki/Medical_specialty" title="Medical specialty">medical
specialties</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-
8">[8]</a></sup> Subtypes include <a href="/wiki/Rehabilitation_hospital"
title="Rehabilitation hospital">rehabilitation hospitals</a>, <a
href="/wiki/Children%27s_hospital" title="Children's hospital">children's
hospitals</a>, seniors' (<a href="/wiki/Geriatric" class="mw-redirect"
title="Geriatric">geriatric</a>) hospitals, <a href="/wiki/Long-
term_acute_care_facility" title="Long-term acute care facility">long-term acute
care facilities</a> and hospitals for dealing with specific medical needs such as
<a href="/wiki/Psychiatry" title="Psychiatry">psychiatric</a> problems (see <a
href="/wiki/Psychiatric_hospital" title="Psychiatric hospital">psychiatric
hospital</a>), certain disease categories such as cardiac, oncology, or orthopedic
problems, and so forth.
</p><p>In Germany specialised hospitals are called <i>Fachkrankenhaus</i>; an
example is <a href="/wiki/Fachkrankenhaus_Coswig" title="Fachkrankenhaus
Coswig">Fachkrankenhaus Coswig</a> (thoracic surgery). In <a href="/wiki/India"
title="India">India</a>, specialty hospitals are known as <i>super specialty
hospitals</i>, and are distinguished from multispecialty hospitals which are
composed of several specialties.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a
href="#cite_note-9">[9]</a></sup>
</p><p>Specialised hospitals can help reduce <a href="/wiki/Health_care_costs"
class="mw-redirect" title="Health care costs">health care costs</a> compared to
general hospitals. For example, <a href="/wiki/Narayana_Health" title="Narayana
Health">Narayana Health's</a> cardiac unit in <a href="/wiki/Bangalore"
title="Bangalore">Bangalore</a> specialises in cardiac surgery and allows for a
significantly greater number of patients. It has 3,000 beds and performs 3,000 in
paediatric cardiac operations annually, the largest number in the world for such a
facility.<sup id="cite_ref-bbc1_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-bbc1-
2">[2]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-fastcompany_10-0" class="reference"><a
href="#cite_note-fastcompany-10">[10]</a></sup> Surgeons are paid on a
fixed salary instead of per operation, thus when the number of procedures
increases, the hospital is able to take advantage of <a
href="/wiki/Economies_of_scale" title="Economies of scale">economies of scale</a>
and reduce its cost per procedure.<sup id="cite_ref-fastcompany_10-1"
class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-fastcompany-10">[10]</a></sup> Each
specialist may also become more efficient by working on one procedure like a <a
href="/wiki/Production_line" title="Production line">production line</a>.<sup
id="cite_ref-bbc1_2-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-bbc1-
2">[2]</a></sup>
</p>
<h3><span class="mw-headline" id="Teaching">Teaching</span><span class="mw-
Teaching">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h3>
href="/wiki/File:McMasterUMedical.jpg" class="image"><img alt=""
src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a5/McMasterUMedical.jpg/220px
-McMasterUMedical.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="thumbimage"
srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a5/McMasterUMedical.jpg/33
0px-McMasterUMedical.jpg 1.5x,
//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a5/McMasterUMedical.jpg/440px-
McMasterUMedical.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2272" data-file-height="1704" /></a>
<div class="thumbcaption"><div class="magnify"><a
href="/wiki/File:McMasterUMedical.jpg" class="internal"
title="Enlarge"></a></div><a href="/wiki/McMaster_University_Medical_Centre"
title="McMaster University Medical Centre">McMaster University Medical Centre</a>
is a teaching hospital in <a href="/wiki/Hamilton,_Ontario" title="Hamilton,
Ontario">Hamilton, Ontario</a></div></div></div>
<p>A <a href="/wiki/Teaching_hospital" title="Teaching hospital">teaching
hospital</a> delivers healthcare to patients as well as training to prospective
medical professionals such as medical students and student nurses. It may be linked
to a <a href="/wiki/Medical_school" title="Medical school">medical school</a> or <a
href="/wiki/Nursing_school" title="Nursing school">nursing school</a>, and may be
involved in <a href="/wiki/Medical_research" title="Medical research">medical
research</a>. Students may also observe clinical work in the hospital.<sup
id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11">[11]</a></sup>
</p>
<h3><span class="mw-headline" id="Clinics">Clinics</span><span class="mw-
Clinics">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h3>
<p><a href="/wiki/Clinics" class="mw-redirect" title="Clinics">Clinics</a>
generally provide only <a href="/wiki/Outpatient" class="mw-redirect"
title="Outpatient">outpatient</a> services, but some may have a small number of
inpatient beds and a limited range of services that may otherwise be found in
typical hospitals.
</p>
<h2><span class="mw-headline" id="Departments_or_wards">Departments or
wards</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-
bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?
title=Hospital&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Departments or
wards">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h2>
href="/wiki/File:Hospital-beds-per-1000-people.png" class="image"><img alt=""
src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/23/Hospital-beds-per-1000-
people.png/350px-Hospital-beds-per-1000-people.png" decoding="async" width="350"
height="205" class="thumbimage"
srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/23/Hospital-beds-per-1000-
people.png/525px-Hospital-beds-per-1000-people.png 1.5x,
//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/23/Hospital-beds-per-1000-
people.png/700px-Hospital-beds-per-1000-people.png 2x" data-file-width="3072" data-
file-height="1799" /></a> <div class="thumbcaption"><div class="magnify"><a
href="/wiki/File:Hospital-beds-per-1000-people.png" class="internal"
title="Enlarge"></a></div>Hospital beds per 1000 people 2013.<sup id="cite_ref-12"
class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12">[12]</a></sup></div></div></div>
href="/wiki/File:ER_room_after_a_trauma.jpg" class="image"><img alt=""
src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/ER_room_after_a_trauma.jpg
/220px-ER_room_after_a_trauma.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165"
class="thumbimage"
srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/ER_room_after_a_trauma.
jpg/330px-ER_room_after_a_trauma.jpg 1.5x,
//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/ER_room_after_a_trauma.jpg/440p
x-ER_room_after_a_trauma.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1600" data-file-height="1200"
/></a> <div class="thumbcaption"><div class="magnify"><a
href="/wiki/File:ER_room_after_a_trauma.jpg" class="internal"
title="Enlarge"></a></div><a href="/wiki/Resuscitation"
title="Resuscitation">Resuscitation</a> room bed after a <a
href="/wiki/Physical_trauma" class="mw-redirect" title="Physical trauma">trauma</a>
intervention, showing the highly technical equipment of modern
hospitals</div></div></div>
<p>A hospital contains one or more wards that house <a href="/wiki/Hospital_bed"
title="Hospital bed">hospital beds</a> for <a href="/wiki/Inpatient" class="mw-
redirect" title="Inpatient">inpatients</a>. It may also have acute services such as
an <a href="/wiki/Emergency_department" title="Emergency department">emergency
department</a>, <a href="/wiki/Operating_theatre" class="mw-redirect"
title="Operating theatre">operating theatre</a>, and <a
href="/wiki/Intensive_care_unit" title="Intensive care unit">intensive care
unit</a>, as well as a range of <a href="/wiki/Medical_specialty" title="Medical
specialty">medical specialty</a> departments. A well-equipped hospital may be
classified as a <a href="/wiki/Trauma_center" title="Trauma center">trauma
center</a>. They may also have other services such a <a
href="/wiki/Hospital_pharmacy" title="Hospital pharmacy">hospital pharmacy</a>, <a
href="/wiki/Radiology" title="Radiology">radiology</a>, <a href="/wiki/Pathology"
title="Pathology">pathology</a> and <a href="/wiki/Medical_laboratories" class="mw-
redirect" title="Medical laboratories">medical laboratories</a>. Some hospitals
have <a href="/wiki/Outpatient" class="mw-redirect" title="Outpatient">outpatient
departments</a> such as <a href="/wiki/Behavioral_health" class="mw-redirect"
title="Behavioral health">behavioral health</a> services, <a href="/wiki/Dentistry"
title="Dentistry">dentistry</a>, and <a
href="/wiki/Physical_medicine_and_rehabilitation" title="Physical medicine and
rehabilitation">rehabilitation services</a>.
</p><p>A hospital may also have a <a href="/wiki/Nursing_management" title="Nursing
management">department of nursing</a>, headed by a <a
href="/wiki/Chief_nursing_officer" class="mw-redirect" title="Chief nursing
officer">chief nursing officer</a> or <a
href="/wiki/Nursing_management#Director_of_nursing" title="Nursing
management">director of nursing</a>. This department is responsible for the
administration of professional nursing practice, <a href="/wiki/Nursing_research"
title="Nursing research">research</a>, and policy for the hospital.
</p><p>Many units have both a nursing and a medical director that serve as
administrators for their respective disciplines within that unit. For example,
within an intensive care nursery, a medical director is responsible for physicians
and medical care, while the nursing manager is responsible for all of the nurses
and nursing care.
</p><p>Support units may include a <a href="/wiki/Medical_records_department"
class="mw-redirect" title="Medical records department">medical records
department</a>, <a href="/wiki/Release_of_information_department" title="Release of
information department">release of information department</a>, <a
href="/wiki/Technical_support" title="Technical support">technical support</a>, <a
href="/wiki/Clinical_engineering" title="Clinical engineering">clinical
engineering</a>, facilities management, <a href="/wiki/Plant_operations" class="mw-
redirect" title="Plant operations">plant operations</a>, dining services, and
security departments.
</p><p>The <a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic" title="COVID-19 pandemic">COVID-19
pandemic</a> stimulated the development of virtual wards across the British <a
href="/wiki/NHS" class="mw-redirect" title="NHS">NHS</a>. Patients are managed at
home, monitoring their own oxygen levels using an oxygen saturation probe if
necessary and supported by telephone. <a
href="/wiki/West_Hertfordshire_Hospitals_NHS_Trust" title="West Hertfordshire
Hospitals NHS Trust">West Hertfordshire Hospitals NHS Trust</a> managed around 1200
patients at home between March and June 2020 and planned to continue the system
after covid-19, initially for respiratory patients.<sup id="cite_ref-13"
class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13">[13]</a></sup>
</p>
<h2><span class="mw-headline" id="History">History</span><span class="mw-
History">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h2>
<div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a
href="/wiki/History_of_hospitals" title="History of hospitals">History of
hospitals</a></div>
<h3><span class="mw-headline" id="Early_examples">Early examples</span><span
class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a
href="/w/index.php?title=Hospital&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit
section: Early examples">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-
bracket">]</span></span></h3>
<div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a
href="/wiki/Ancient_Egyptian_medicine" title="Ancient Egyptian medicine">Ancient
Egyptian medicine</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ancient_Greek_medicine" title="Ancient Greek
medicine">Ancient Greek medicine</a>, <a href="/wiki/Medicine_in_ancient_Rome"
title="Medicine in ancient Rome">Medicine in ancient Rome</a>, and <a
href="/wiki/Medical_community_of_ancient_Rome" title="Medical community of ancient
Rome">Medical community of ancient Rome</a></div>
href="/wiki/File:Kos_Asklepeion.jpg" class="image"><img alt=""
src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ae/Kos_Asklepeion.jpg/220px-
Kos_Asklepeion.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="133" class="thumbimage"
srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ae/Kos_Asklepeion.jpg/330p
x-Kos_Asklepeion.jpg 1.5x,
//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ae/Kos_Asklepeion.jpg/440px-
Kos_Asklepeion.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1453" data-file-height="876" /></a> <div
class="thumbcaption"><div class="magnify"><a href="/wiki/File:Kos_Asklepeion.jpg"
class="internal" title="Enlarge"></a></div>View of the <i>Askleipion</i> of <a
href="/wiki/Kos" title="Kos">Kos</a>, the best preserved instance of an
Asklepieion.</div></div></div>
<p>In early <a href="/wiki/India" title="India">India</a>, <a href="/wiki/Fa_Xian"
class="mw-redirect" title="Fa Xian">Fa Xian</a>, a Chinese Buddhist monk who
travelled across India c. AD 400, recorded examples of healing institutions.<sup
According to the <i><a href="/wiki/Mahavamsa" class="mw-redirect"
title="Mahavamsa">Mahavamsa</a></i>, the ancient chronicle of Sinhalese royalty,
written in the sixth century AD, King <a href="/wiki/Pandukabhaya_of_Sri_Lanka"
class="mw-redirect" title="Pandukabhaya of Sri Lanka">Pandukabhaya of Sri Lanka</a>
(r. 437–367 BC) had lying-in-homes and hospitals (Sivikasotthi-Sala).<sup
id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15">[15]</a></sup> A
<a href="/wiki/Academy_of_Guneshapur" class="mw-redirect" title="Academy of
Guneshapur">hospital and medical training centre</a> also existed at <a
href="/wiki/Gundeshapur" title="Gundeshapur">Gundeshapur</a>, a major city in
southwest of the <a href="/wiki/Sassanid_Persian_Empire" class="mw-redirect"
title="Sassanid Persian Empire">Sassanid Persian Empire</a> founded in AD 271 by <a
href="/wiki/Shapur_I" title="Shapur I">Shapur I</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-16"
class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16">[16]</a></sup> In <a
href="/wiki/Ancient_Greece" title="Ancient Greece">ancient Greece</a>, temples
dedicated to the healer-god <a href="/wiki/Asclepius"
title="Asclepius">Asclepius</a>, known as <a href="/wiki/Asclepeion"
title="Asclepeion">Asclepeion</a> functioned as centres of medical advice,
prognosis, and healing.<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-
17">[17]</a></sup> The Asclepeia spread to the <a href="/wiki/Roman_Empire"
title="Roman Empire">Roman Empire</a>. While public healthcare was non-existent in
the Roman Empire, military hospitals called <i>valetudinaria</i> did exist
stationed in military barracks and would serve the soldiers and slaves within the
fort.<sup id="cite_ref-ziegler_18-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ziegler-
18">[18]</a></sup> Evidence exists that some civilian hospitals, while
unavailable to the Roman population, were occasionally privately built in extremely
wealthy Roman households located in the countryside for that family, although this
practice seems to have ended in 80 AD.<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a
</p>
href="/wiki/File:Sri_Lankan_Traditional_Medicine.jpg" class="image"><img alt=""
src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d5/Sri_Lankan_Traditional_Med
icine.jpg/220px-Sri_Lankan_Traditional_Medicine.jpg" decoding="async" width="220"
srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d5/Sri_Lankan_Traditional_
Medicine.jpg/330px-Sri_Lankan_Traditional_Medicine.jpg 1.5x,
//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d5/Sri_Lankan_Traditional_Medicine
.jpg/440px-Sri_Lankan_Traditional_Medicine.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2364" data-
href="/wiki/File:Sri_Lankan_Traditional_Medicine.jpg" class="internal"
title="Enlarge"></a></div>Ruins of a two thousand-year-old hospital were discovered
in the historical city of <a href="/wiki/Anuradhapura"
title="Anuradhapura">Anuradhapura</a> <a href="/wiki/Mihintale"
title="Mihintale">Mihintale</a> <a href="/wiki/Sri_Lanka" title="Sri Lanka">Sri
Lanka</a></div></div></div>
<h3><span class="mw-headline" id="Middle_Ages">Middle Ages</span><span class="mw-
title=Hospital&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Middle
Ages">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h3>
<div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a
href="/wiki/Byzantine_medicine" title="Byzantine medicine">Byzantine medicine</a>,
<a href="/wiki/Medieval_medicine_of_Western_Europe" title="Medieval medicine of
Western Europe">Medieval medicine of Western Europe</a>, and <a
href="/wiki/Medicine_in_the_medieval_Islamic_world" title="Medicine in the medieval
Islamic world">Medicine in the medieval Islamic world</a></div><p>The declaration
of <a href="/wiki/Christianity" title="Christianity">Christianity</a> as an
accepted religion in the Roman Empire drove an expansion of the provision of care.
Following the <a href="/wiki/First_Council_of_Nicaea" title="First Council of
Nicaea">First Council of Nicaea</a> in AD 325 construction of a hospital in every
<a href="/wiki/Cathedral" title="Cathedral">cathedral</a> town was begun, including
among the earliest hospitals by <a href="/wiki/Sampson_the_Hospitable"
title="Sampson the Hospitable">Saint Sampson</a> in <a href="/wiki/Constantinople"
title="Constantinople">Constantinople</a> and by <a href="/wiki/Basil_of_Caesarea"
title="Basil of Caesarea">Basil, bishop of Caesarea</a> in modern-day Turkey.<sup
By the twelfth century, Constantinople had two well-organised hospitals, staffed by
doctors who were both male and female. Facilities included systematic treatment
procedures and specialised wards for various diseases.<sup id="cite_ref-21"
class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21">[21]</a></sup></p><div
class="thumb tright"><div class="thumbinner" style="width:222px;"><a
href="/wiki/File:Door_of_the_Moristan_of_Kala%27oon_(1878)_-_TIMEA.jpg"
src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0a/Door_of_the_Moristan_of_Ka
la%27oon_%281878%29_-_TIMEA.jpg/220px-Door_of_the_Moristan_of_Kala%27oon_
%281878%29_-_TIMEA.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="178"
class="thumbimage"
srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0a/Door_of_the_Moristan_of
_Kala%27oon_%281878%29_-_TIMEA.jpg/330px-Door_of_the_Moristan_of_Kala%27oon_
%281878%29_-_TIMEA.jpg 1.5x,
//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0a/Door_of_the_Moristan_of_Kala
%27oon_%281878%29_-_TIMEA.jpg/440px-Door_of_the_Moristan_of_Kala%27oon_%281878%29_-
_TIMEA.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="827" /></a> <div
class="thumbcaption"><div class="magnify"><a
href="/wiki/File:Door_of_the_Moristan_of_Kala%27oon_(1878)_-_TIMEA.jpg"
class="internal" title="Enlarge"></a></div>Entrance to the <a
href="/wiki/Qalawun_complex" title="Qalawun complex">Qalawun complex</a> in Cairo,
Egypt which housed the notable Mansuri hospital.</div></div></div>
<p>Medical knowledge was transmitted into the <a href="/wiki/Islamic_world"
class="mw-redirect" title="Islamic world">Islamic world</a> through the <a
href="/wiki/Byzantine_Empire" title="Byzantine Empire">Byzantine Empire</a>.<sup
The earliest general hospital in the Islamic world was built in 805 in <a
href="/wiki/Baghdad" title="Baghdad">Baghdad</a> by <a href="/wiki/Harun_Al-Rashid"
class="mw-redirect" title="Harun Al-Rashid">Harun Al-Rashid</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-
23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23">[23]</a></sup><sup
id="cite_ref-Glubb_24-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Glubb-
24">[24]</a></sup> By the 10th century, Baghdad had five more hospitals,
while <a href="/wiki/Damascus" title="Damascus">Damascus</a> had six hospitals by
the 15th century, and <a href="/wiki/C%C3%B3rdoba,_Andalusia" class="mw-redirect"
title="Córdoba, Andalusia">Córdoba</a> alone had 50 major hospitals<sup
class="noprint Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a
href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Dates_and_numbers#Chronological_items"
title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Dates and numbers"><span title="The time period
mentioned near this tag is ambiguous. (August 2020)">when?
</span></a></i>]</sup>, many exclusively for the military.<sup id="cite_ref-
aramco0317_25-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-aramco0317-
25">[25]</a></sup> The Islamic <i><a href="/wiki/Bimaristan"
title="Bimaristan">bimaristan</a></i> served as a center of medical treatment, as
well <a href="/wiki/Nursing_home" title="Nursing home">nursing home</a> and <a
href="/wiki/Lunatic_asylum" title="Lunatic asylum">lunatic asylum</a>. It typically
treated the poor, as the rich would have been treated in their own homes.<sup
id="cite_ref-nlm_26-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-nlm-
26">[26]</a></sup> Hospitals in this era were the first to require medical
diplomas to license doctors, and compensation for negligence could be made.<sup
id="cite_ref-Alatas_27-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Alatas-
27">[27]</a></sup><sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact"
style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed"
title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs additional
references to reliable sources. (August 2018)">additional citation(s)
needed</span></a></i>]</sup> Hospitals were forbidden by law to turn away
patients who were unable to pay.<sup id="cite_ref-sdouglas_28-0"
class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-sdouglas-28">[28]</a></sup><sup
href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability"><span
title="Quotation needed from source to verify. (September 2019)">need quotation to
verify</span></a></i>]</sup> These hospitals were financially supported by <a
href="/wiki/Waqf" title="Waqf">waqfs</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-sdouglas_28-1"
class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-sdouglas-28">[28]</a></sup> as well
as state funds.<sup id="cite_ref-aramco0317_25-1" class="reference"><a
href="#cite_note-aramco0317-25">[25]</a></sup>
</p>
<h3><span class="mw-headline" id="Early_modern_and_Enlightenment_Europe">Early
modern and Enlightenment Europe</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-
title=Hospital&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Early modern
and Enlightenment Europe">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-
href="/wiki/File:Ancien-Hopital.jpg" class="image"><img alt=""
src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ee/Ancien-Hopital.jpg/220px-
Ancien-Hopital.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="176" class="thumbimage"
srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ee/Ancien-
Hopital.jpg/330px-Ancien-Hopital.jpg 1.5x,
//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ee/Ancien-Hopital.jpg/440px-
Ancien-Hopital.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1902" data-file-height="1520" /></a> <div
class="thumbcaption"><div class="magnify"><a href="/wiki/File:Ancien-Hopital.jpg"
class="internal" title="Enlarge"></a></div>A hospital ward in sixteenth century
France.</div></div></div>
<p>In Europe the medieval concept of Christian care evolved during the sixteenth
and seventeenth centuries into a secular one. In England, after the <a
href="/wiki/Dissolution_of_the_monasteries" class="mw-redirect" title="Dissolution
of the monasteries">dissolution of the monasteries</a> in 1540 by King <a
href="/wiki/Henry_VIII" title="Henry VIII">Henry VIII</a>, the church abruptly
ceased to be the supporter of hospitals, and only by direct petition from the
citizens of <a href="/wiki/London" title="London">London</a>, were the hospitals <a
href="/wiki/St_Bartholomew%27s_Hospital" title="St Bartholomew's Hospital">St
Bartholomew's</a>, <a href="/wiki/St_Thomas%27s_Hospital" class="mw-redirect"
title="St Thomas's Hospital">St Thomas's</a> and <a
href="/wiki/Bethlem_Royal_Hospital" title="Bethlem Royal Hospital">St Mary of
Bethlehem's</a> (Bedlam) endowed directly by the crown; this was the first instance
of secular support being provided for medical institutions.
</p>
<div class="thumb tleft"><div class="thumbinner" style="width:222px;"><a
href="/wiki/File:Guy%27s_Hospital00.jpg" class="image"><img alt=""
src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2f/Guy
%27s_Hospital00.jpg/220px-Guy%27s_Hospital00.jpg" decoding="async" width="220"
srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2f/Guy
%27s_Hospital00.jpg/330px-Guy%27s_Hospital00.jpg 1.5x,
//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2f/Guy%27s_Hospital00.jpg/440px-
Guy%27s_Hospital00.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2660" data-file-height="1852" /></a>
<div class="thumbcaption"><div class="magnify"><a href="/wiki/File:Guy
%27s_Hospital00.jpg" class="internal" title="Enlarge"></a></div>1820 Engraving of
<a href="/wiki/Guy%27s_Hospital" title="Guy's Hospital">Guy's Hospital</a> in
<a href="/wiki/London" title="London">London</a> one of the first voluntary
hospitals to be established in 1724</div></div></div>
href="/wiki/File:Ruinas_San_Nicolas_de_Bari_CCSD_09_2018_1414.jpg"
src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/Ruinas_San_Nicolas_de_Bari
_CCSD_09_2018_1414.jpg/220px-Ruinas_San_Nicolas_de_Bari_CCSD_09_2018_1414.jpg"
srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/Ruinas_San_Nicolas_de_B
ari_CCSD_09_2018_1414.jpg/330px-Ruinas_San_Nicolas_de_Bari_CCSD_09_2018_1414.jpg
1.5x,
//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/Ruinas_San_Nicolas_de_Bari_CCSD
_09_2018_1414.jpg/440px-Ruinas_San_Nicolas_de_Bari_CCSD_09_2018_1414.jpg 2x" data-
file-width="3000" data-file-height="2000" /></a> <div class="thumbcaption"><div
class="magnify"><a
href="/wiki/File:Ruinas_San_Nicolas_de_Bari_CCSD_09_2018_1414.jpg" class="internal"
title="Enlarge"></a></div>Ruins of the <a href="/wiki/Hospital_San_Nicol
%C3%A1s_de_Bari" title="Hospital San Nicolás de Bari">Hospital San Nicolás de
Bari</a> in <a href="/wiki/Santo_Domingo" title="Santo Domingo">Santo Domingo</a>,
<a href="/wiki/Dominican_Republic" title="Dominican Republic">Dominican
Republic</a>, recognized by UNESCO for being the oldest hospital built in the <a
href="/wiki/Americas" title="Americas">Americas</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-29"
class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29">[29]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-
30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-30">[30]</a></sup> Built between
1514 and 1541.</div></div></div>
href="/wiki/File:Pennsylvania_Hospital_(Highsmith).png" class="image"><img alt=""
src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ad/Pennsylvania_Hospital_
%28Highsmith%29.png/220px-Pennsylvania_Hospital_%28Highsmith%29.png"
srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ad/Pennsylvania_Hospital_
%28Highsmith%29.png/330px-Pennsylvania_Hospital_%28Highsmith%29.png 1.5x,
//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ad/Pennsylvania_Hospital_
%28Highsmith%29.png/440px-Pennsylvania_Hospital_%28Highsmith%29.png 2x" data-file-
width="4332" data-file-height="3432" /></a> <div class="thumbcaption"><div
class="magnify"><a href="/wiki/File:Pennsylvania_Hospital_(Highsmith).png"
class="internal" title="Enlarge"></a></div><a href="/wiki/Pennsylvania_Hospital"
title="Pennsylvania Hospital">Pennsylvania Hospital</a> (now part of <a
href="/wiki/University_of_Pennsylvania_Health_System" title="University of
Pennsylvania Health System">University of Pennsylvania Health System</a>). Founded
in 1751, it is the earliest established public hospital in the United States.<sup
id="cite_ref-AmericasFirstHospital_31-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-
AmericasFirstHospital-31">[31]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-nrhp_32-0"
class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-nrhp-32">[32]</a></sup><sup
id="cite_ref-33" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-33">[a]</a></sup> It
is also home to America's first surgical amphitheatre and its first medical
library.</div></div></div>
<p>The <a href="/wiki/Voluntary_hospital" title="Voluntary hospital">voluntary
hospital</a> movement began in the early 18th century, with hospitals being founded
in London by the 1720s, including <a href="/wiki/Westminster_Hospital"
title="Westminster Hospital">Westminster Hospital</a> (1719) promoted by the <a
href="/wiki/Private_bank" title="Private bank">private bank</a> <a
href="/wiki/C._Hoare_%26_Co" title="C. Hoare & Co">C. Hoare & Co</a> and <a
href="/wiki/Guy%27s_Hospital" title="Guy's Hospital">Guy's Hospital</a> (1724)
funded from the bequest of the wealthy merchant, <a href="/wiki/Thomas_Guy"
title="Thomas Guy">Thomas Guy</a>.
</p><p>Other hospitals sprang up in London and other British cities over the
century, many paid for by private subscriptions. St Bartholomew's in London was
rebuilt from 1730 to 1759,<sup id="cite_ref-34" class="reference"><a
href="#cite_note-34">[33]</a></sup> and the London Hospital, Whitechapel,
opened in 1752.
</p><p>These hospitals represented a turning point in the function of the
institution; they began to evolve from being basic places of care for the sick to
becoming centres of medical innovation and discovery and the principal place for
the <a href="/wiki/Medical_education" title="Medical education">education</a> and
training of prospective practitioners. Some of the era's greatest <a
href="/wiki/Surgeon" title="Surgeon">surgeons</a> and doctors worked and passed on
their knowledge at the hospitals.<sup id="cite_ref-35" class="reference"><a
href="#cite_note-35">[34]</a></sup> They also changed from being mere homes
of refuge to being complex institutions for the provision of medicine and care for
sick. The <a href="/wiki/Charit%C3%A9" title="Charité">Charité</a> was founded in
Berlin in 1710 by King <a href="/wiki/Frederick_I_of_Prussia" title="Frederick I of
Prussia">Frederick I of Prussia</a> as a response to an outbreak of plague.
</p><p>The concept of voluntary hospitals also spread to <a
href="/wiki/Colonial_America" class="mw-redirect" title="Colonial America">Colonial
America</a>; the <a href="/wiki/Bellevue_Hospital" title="Bellevue
Hospital">Bellevue Hospital</a> opened in 1736 (as a workhouse, then later becoming
a hospital); the <a href="/wiki/Pennsylvania_Hospital" title="Pennsylvania
Hospital">Pennsylvania Hospital</a> opened in 1752, <a
href="/wiki/New_York_Hospital" class="mw-redirect" title="New York Hospital">New
York Hospital</a><sup id="cite_ref-36" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-
36">[35]</a></sup> in 1771, and <a
href="/wiki/Massachusetts_General_Hospital" title="Massachusetts General
Hospital">Massachusetts General Hospital</a> in 1811.
</p><p>When the <a href="/wiki/Vienna_General_Hospital" title="Vienna General
Hospital">Vienna General Hospital</a> opened in 1784 (instantly becoming the
world's largest hospital), physicians acquired a new facility that gradually
developed into one of the most important research centres.<sup id="cite_ref-37"
</p><p>Another <a href="/wiki/Age_of_Enlightenment" title="Age of
Enlightenment">Enlightenment</a> era charitable innovation was the dispensary;
these would issue the poor with <a href="/wiki/Medicine"
title="Medicine">medicines</a> free of charge. The London Dispensary opened its
doors in 1696 as the first such clinic in the <a href="/wiki/British_Empire"
title="British Empire">British Empire</a>. The idea was slow to catch on until the
1770s,<sup id="cite_ref-38" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-
38">[37]</a></sup> when many such organisations began to appear, including
the <a href="/wiki/Public_Dispensary_of_Edinburgh" class="mw-redirect"
title="Public Dispensary of Edinburgh">Public Dispensary of Edinburgh</a> (1776),
the Metropolitan Dispensary and Charitable Fund (1779) and the <a
href="/wiki/Finsbury_Dispensary" title="Finsbury Dispensary">Finsbury
Dispensary</a> (1780). Dispensaries were also opened in New York 1771, <a
href="/wiki/Philadelphia" title="Philadelphia">Philadelphia</a> 1786, and Boston
1796.<sup id="cite_ref-39" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-
39">[38]</a></sup>
</p><p>The <a href="/wiki/Royal_Naval_Hospital,_Stonehouse" title="Royal Naval
Hospital, Stonehouse">Royal Naval Hospital, Stonehouse</a>, <a
href="/wiki/Plymouth" title="Plymouth">Plymouth</a>, was a pioneer of hospital
design in having "pavilions" to minimize the spread of infection. <a
href="/wiki/John_Wesley" title="John Wesley">John Wesley</a> visited in 1785, and
commented "I never saw anything of the kind so complete; every part is so
convenient, and so admirably neat. But there is nothing superfluous, and nothing
purely ornamented, either within or without." This revolutionary design was made
more widely known by <a href="/wiki/John_Howard" title="John Howard">John
Howard</a>, the philanthropist. In 1787 the French government sent two scholar
administrators, <a href="/wiki/Charles-Augustin_de_Coulomb" title="Charles-Augustin
de Coulomb">Coulomb</a> and <a href="/wiki/Jacques-Ren%C3%A9_Tenon" title="Jacques-
René Tenon">Tenon</a>, who had visited most of the hospitals in Europe.<sup
They were impressed and the "pavilion" design was copied in France and throughout
Europe.
</p>
<h3><span class="mw-headline" id="19th_century">19th century</span><span class="mw-
title=Hospital&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: 19th
century">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h3>
href="/wiki/File:%27One_of_the_wards_in_the_hospital_at_Scutari
%27._Wellcome_M0007724_-_restoration,_cropped.jpg" class="image"><img alt=""
src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/97/%27One_of_the_wards_in_the
_hospital_at_Scutari%27._Wellcome_M0007724_-_restoration%2C_cropped.jpg/220px-
%27One_of_the_wards_in_the_hospital_at_Scutari%27._Wellcome_M0007724_-_restoration
%2C_cropped.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="145" class="thumbimage"
srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/97/%27One_of_the_wards_in_
the_hospital_at_Scutari%27._Wellcome_M0007724_-_restoration%2C_cropped.jpg/330px-
%2C_cropped.jpg 1.5x,
//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/97/%27One_of_the_wards_in_the_hosp
ital_at_Scutari%27._Wellcome_M0007724_-_restoration%2C_cropped.jpg/440px-
%2C_cropped.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3970" data-file-height="2609" /></a> <div
class="thumbcaption"><div class="magnify"><a href="/wiki/File:
%27One_of_the_wards_in_the_hospital_at_Scutari%27._Wellcome_M0007724_-
_restoration,_cropped.jpg" class="internal" title="Enlarge"></a></div>A ward of the
hospital at <a href="/wiki/%C3%9Csk%C3%BCdar" title="Üsküdar">Scutari</a> where <a
href="/wiki/Florence_Nightingale" title="Florence Nightingale">Florence
Nightingale</a> worked and helped to restructure the modern
hospital</div></div></div>
<p>English physician <a href="/wiki/Thomas_Percival" title="Thomas Percival">Thomas
Percival</a> (1740–1804) wrote a comprehensive system of medical conduct, <i><a
href="/wiki/Medical_Ethics;_or,_a_Code_of_Institutes_and_Precepts,_Adapted_to_the_P
rofessional_Conduct_of_Physicians_and_Surgeons" class="mw-redirect" title="Medical
Ethics; or, a Code of Institutes and Precepts, Adapted to the Professional Conduct
of Physicians and Surgeons">Medical Ethics; or, a Code of Institutes and Precepts,
Adapted to the Professional Conduct of Physicians and Surgeons</a></i> (1803) that
set the standard for many textbooks.<sup id="cite_ref-41" class="reference"><a
href="#cite_note-41">[40]</a></sup> In the mid-19th century, hospitals and
the medical profession became more professionalised, with a reorganisation of
hospital management along more bureaucratic and administrative lines. The <a
href="/wiki/Apothecaries_Act_1815" title="Apothecaries Act 1815">Apothecaries Act
1815</a> made it compulsory for medical students to practise for at least half a
year at a hospital as part of their training.<sup id="cite_ref-42"
</p><p><a href="/wiki/Florence_Nightingale" title="Florence Nightingale">Florence
Nightingale</a> pioneered the modern profession of <a href="/wiki/Nursing"
title="Nursing">nursing</a> during the <a href="/wiki/Crimean_War" title="Crimean
War">Crimean War</a> when she set an example of compassion, commitment to patient
care and diligent and thoughtful hospital administration. The first official
nurses' training programme, the Nightingale School for Nurses, was opened in 1860,
with the mission of training nurses to work in hospitals, to work with the poor and
to teach.<sup id="cite_ref-43" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-
43">[42]</a></sup> Nightingale was instrumental in reforming the nature of
the hospital, by improving <a href="/wiki/Sanitation"
title="Sanitation">sanitation</a> standards and changing the image of the hospital
from a place the sick would go to die, to an institution devoted to recuperation
and healing. She also emphasised the importance of <a href="/wiki/Statistics"
title="Statistics">statistical measurement</a> for determining the success rate of
a given intervention and pushed for <a href="/wiki/Public_administration"
title="Public administration">administrative reform</a> at hospitals.<sup
</p><p>By the late 19th century, the modern hospital was beginning to take shape
with a proliferation of a variety of public and private hospital systems. By the
1870s, hospitals had more than trebled their original average intake of 3,000
patients. In continental Europe the new hospitals generally were built and run from
public funds. The <a href="/wiki/National_Health_Service" title="National Health
Service">National Health Service</a>, the principal provider of health care in the
United Kingdom, was founded in 1948. During the nineteenth century, the Second
Viennese Medical School emerged with the contributions of physicians such as <a
href="/wiki/Carl_Freiherr_von_Rokitansky" class="mw-redirect" title="Carl Freiherr
von Rokitansky">Carl Freiherr von Rokitansky</a>, <a href="/wiki/Josef_%C5%A0koda"
class="mw-redirect" title="Josef Škoda">Josef Škoda</a>, <a
href="/wiki/Ferdinand_Ritter_von_Hebra" title="Ferdinand Ritter von
Hebra">Ferdinand Ritter von Hebra</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Ignaz_Philipp_Semmelweis"
class="mw-redirect" title="Ignaz Philipp Semmelweis">Ignaz Philipp Semmelweis</a>.
Basic medical science expanded and specialisation advanced. Furthermore, the first
dermatology, eye, as well as ear, nose, and throat clinics in the world were
founded in <a href="/wiki/Vienna" title="Vienna">Vienna</a>, being considered as
the birth of specialised medicine.<sup id="cite_ref-45" class="reference"><a
</p>
<h3><span class="mw-headline" id="20th_century_and_beyond">20th century and
beyond</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-
title=Hospital&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: 20th century
and beyond">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h3>
<table class="box-Globalize plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-
globalize" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div
style="width:52px"><img alt="Globe icon."
src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bd/Ambox_globe_content.svg/48
px-Ambox_globe_content.svg.png" decoding="async" width="48" height="40"
srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bd/Ambox_globe_content.svg
/73px-Ambox_globe_content.svg.png 1.5x,
//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bd/Ambox_globe_content.svg/97px-
Ambox_globe_content.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="350" data-file-height="290"
/></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">The examples and
perspective in this section <b>deal primarily with the United States and do not
represent a <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:WikiProject_Countering_systemic_bias"
title="Wikipedia:WikiProject Countering systemic bias">worldwide view</a> of the
subject</b>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> You may <a class="external text"
href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Hospital&action=edit">improve
this section</a>, discuss the issue on the <a href="/wiki/Talk:Hospital"
title="Talk:Hospital">talk page</a>, or create a new section, as
appropriate.</span> <small class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">August
2020</span>)</i></small><small class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<a
href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template
removal">Learn how and when to remove this template
message</a>)</i></small></div></td></tr></tbody></table>
<p>By the late 19th and the beginning 20th century, medical advancements such as <a
href="/wiki/Anesthesia" title="Anesthesia">anesthesia</a> and sterile techniques
that could make surgery less risky, and availability of more advanced diagnostic
devices such as <a href="/wiki/X-ray#Discovery" title="X-ray">X-rays</a>, continued
to make hospitals a more attractive option for treatment.<sup id="cite_ref-
NYThospital_46-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NYThospital-
46">[45]</a></sup>
</p><p>Modern hospitals measure various efficiency metrics such as occupancy rates,
average length of stay, time to service, patient satisfaction, physician
performance, patient readmission rate, inpatient mortality rate, and <a
href="/wiki/Case_mix_index" title="Case mix index">case mix index</a>.<sup
</p><p>In the <a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States">United
States</a>, the number of hospitalizations in the United States continued to grow
and reached its peak in 1981 with 171 admissions per 1,000 Americans and 6,933
hospitals.<sup id="cite_ref-NYThospital_46-1" class="reference"><a
href="#cite_note-NYThospital-46">[45]</a></sup> This trend subsequently
reversed, with the rate of hospitalization falling by more than 10% and the number
of US hospitals shrinking from 6,933 in 1981 to 5,534 in 2016.<sup id="cite_ref-
aha2016_48-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-aha2016-
48">[47]</a></sup> Occupancy rates also dropped from 77% in 1980 to 60% in
2013.<sup id="cite_ref-49" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-
49">[48]</a></sup> Among the reasons for this are the increasing
availability of more complex care elsewhere such as at home or at the physicians'
offices and also the less therapeutic and more life-threatening image of the
hospitals in the eyes of the public.<sup id="cite_ref-NYThospital_46-2"
class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NYThospital-46">[45]</a></sup><sup
id="cite_ref-CDCinfection_50-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CDCinfection-
50">[49]</a></sup> In the US, a patient may sleep in a hospital bed, but be
considered outpatient and "under observation" if not formally admitted.<sup
id="cite_ref-:0_51-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-
51">[50]</a></sup> In the US, inpatient stays are covered under Medicare
Part A, but a hospital might keep a patient under observation which is only covered
under Medicare Part B, and subjects the patient to additional coinsurance
costs.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_51-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-
51">[50]</a></sup> In 2013, the <a
href="/wiki/Centers_for_Medicare_and_Medicaid_Services" class="mw-redirect"
title="Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services">Center for Medicare and Medicaid
Services</a> (CMS) introduced a "two-midnight" rule for inpatient admissions,<sup
id="cite_ref-:2_52-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:2-
52">[51]</a></sup> intended to reduce an increasing number of long-term
"observation" stays being used for reimbursement.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_51-2"
class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-51">[50]</a></sup> This rule was
later dropped in 2018.<sup id="cite_ref-:2_52-1" class="reference"><a
href="#cite_note-:2-52">[51]</a></sup> In 2016 and 2017, healthcare reform
and a continued decline in admissions resulted in US hospital-based healthcare
systems performing poorly financially.<sup id="cite_ref-53" class="reference"><a
href="#cite_note-53">[52]</a></sup> Microhospitals, with bed capacities of
between eight and fifty, are expanding in the United States.<sup id="cite_ref-54"
class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-54">[53]</a></sup> Similarly,
freestanding <a href="/wiki/Emergency_department" title="Emergency
department">emergency rooms</a>, which transfer patients that require inpatient
care to hospitals, were popularised in the 1970s<sup id="cite_ref-:1_55-0"
class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-55">[54]</a></sup> and have since
expanded rapidly across the United States.<sup id="cite_ref-:1_55-1"
class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-55">[54]</a></sup>
</p>
<h2><span class="mw-headline" id="Funding">Funding</span><span class="mw-
Funding">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h2>
href="/wiki/File:KB_Dubrava_Zagreb.jpg" class="image"><img alt=""
src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/KB_Dubrava_Zagreb.jpg/220p
x-KB_Dubrava_Zagreb.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="89"
class="thumbimage"
srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/KB_Dubrava_Zagreb.jpg/3
30px-KB_Dubrava_Zagreb.jpg 1.5x,
//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/KB_Dubrava_Zagreb.jpg/440px-
KB_Dubrava_Zagreb.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3643" data-file-height="1474" /></a>
href="/wiki/File:KB_Dubrava_Zagreb.jpg" class="internal"
title="Enlarge"></a></div><a href="/wiki/Clinical_Hospital_Dubrava" title="Clinical
Hospital Dubrava">Clinical Hospital Dubrava</a> in Zagreb,
Croatia</div></div></div>
<p>Modern hospitals derive funding from a variety of sources. They may be funded by
<a href="/wiki/Public_expenditure" title="Public expenditure">public
expenditure</a>, <a href="/wiki/Charitable_donation" class="mw-redirect"
title="Charitable donation">charitable donations</a>, or private payment and <a
href="/wiki/Health_insurance" title="Health insurance">health insurance</a>.
</p><p>In the <a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom" title="United Kingdom">United
Kingdom</a>, the <a href="/wiki/National_Health_Service" title="National Health
Service">National Health Service</a> delivers health care to legal residents funded
by the state "free at the point of delivery", and emergency care free to anyone
regardless of nationality or status. Due to the need for hospitals to prioritise
their limited resources, there is a tendency in countries with such systems for
'waiting lists' for non-crucial treatment, so those who can afford it may take out
private health care to access treatment more quickly.<sup id="cite_ref-GROW_56-0"
class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-GROW-56">[55]</a></sup>
</p><p>In the <a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States">United
States</a>, hospitals typically operate privately and in some cases on a <a
href="/wiki/Business" title="Business">for-profit</a> basis, such as <a
href="/wiki/HCA_Healthcare" title="HCA Healthcare">HCA Healthcare</a>.<sup
id="cite_ref-USATODAY_57-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-USATODAY-
57">[56]</a></sup> The list of procedures and their prices are billed with
a <a href="/wiki/Chargemaster" title="Chargemaster">chargemaster</a>; however,
these prices may be lower for health care obtained within <a
href="/wiki/Hospital_network" title="Hospital network">healthcare networks</a>.<sup
Legislation requires hospitals to provide care to patients in life-threatening
emergency situations regardless of the patient's ability to pay.<sup id="cite_ref-
59" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-59">[58]</a></sup> Privately
funded hospitals which admit uninsured patients in emergency situations incur
direct financial losses, such as in the aftermath of <a
href="/wiki/Hurricane_Katrina" title="Hurricane Katrina">Hurricane Katrina</a>.<sup
id="cite_ref-USATODAY_57-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-USATODAY-
57">[56]</a></sup>
</p>
<h2><span class="mw-headline" id="Quality_and_safety">Quality and
safety</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-
title=Hospital&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: Quality and
safety">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h2>
<p>As the quality of health care has increasingly become an issue around the world,
hospitals have increasingly had to pay serious attention to this matter.
Independent external assessment of quality is one of the most powerful ways to
assess this aspect of health care, and <a href="/wiki/Hospital_accreditation"
title="Hospital accreditation">hospital accreditation</a> is one means by which
this is achieved. In many parts of the world such accreditation is sourced from
other countries, a phenomenon known as <a
href="/wiki/International_healthcare_accreditation" title="International healthcare
accreditation">international healthcare accreditation</a>, by groups such as <a
href="/w/index.php?title=Accreditation_Canada&action=edit&redlink=1"
class="new" title="Accreditation Canada (page does not exist)">Accreditation
Canada</a> from <a href="/wiki/Canada" title="Canada">Canada</a>, the <a
href="/wiki/Joint_Commission" title="Joint Commission">Joint Commission</a> from
the US, the <a href="/wiki/Trent_Accreditation_Scheme" title="Trent Accreditation
Scheme">Trent Accreditation Scheme</a> from Great Britain, and Haute Authorité de
santé (HAS) from France. In England hospitals are monitored by the <a
href="/wiki/Care_Quality_Commission" title="Care Quality Commission">Care Quality
Commission</a>. In 2020 they turned their attention to <a
href="/wiki/Hospital_food" title="Hospital food">hospital food</a> standards after
seven patient deaths from listeria linked to pre-packaged sandwiches and salads in
2019, saying "Nutrition and hydration is part of a patient’s recovery."<sup
</p><p>The <a href="/wiki/World_Health_Organization" title="World Health
Organization">World Health Organization</a> noted in 2011 that going into hospital
was far riskier than flying. Globally the chance of a patient being subject to an
error was about 10% and the chance of death resulting from an error was about 1 in
300 according to <a href="/wiki/Liam_Donaldson" title="Liam Donaldson">Liam
Donaldson</a>. 7% of hospitalised patients in developed countries, and 10% in
developing countries, acquire at least one health care-associated infection. In the
USA 1.7 million infections are acquired in hospital each year, leading to 100,000
deaths, figures much worse than in Europe where there were 4.5 million infections
and 37,000 deaths.<sup id="cite_ref-61" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-
61">[60]</a></sup>
</p>
<h2><span class="mw-headline" id="Architecture">Architecture</span><span class="mw-
Architecture">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h2>
href="/wiki/File:UVa_Medical_Center.jpg" class="image"><img alt=""
src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2f/UVa_Medical_Center.jpg/220
px-UVa_Medical_Center.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147"
class="thumbimage"
srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2f/UVa_Medical_Center.jpg/
330px-UVa_Medical_Center.jpg 1.5x,
//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2f/UVa_Medical_Center.jpg/440px-
UVa_Medical_Center.jpg 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="402" /></a>
href="/wiki/File:UVa_Medical_Center.jpg" class="internal"
title="Enlarge"></a></div>The medical center at the <a
href="/wiki/University_of_Virginia" title="University of Virginia">University of
Virginia</a> shows the growing trend for modern architecture in
hospitals.</div></div></div>
href="/wiki/File:NHS_NNUH_entrance.jpg" class="image"><img alt=""
src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/35/NHS_NNUH_entrance.jpg/180p
x-NHS_NNUH_entrance.jpg" decoding="async" width="180" height="135"
class="thumbimage"
srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/35/NHS_NNUH_entrance.jpg/2
70px-NHS_NNUH_entrance.jpg 1.5x,
//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/35/NHS_NNUH_entrance.jpg/360px-
NHS_NNUH_entrance.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1600" data-file-height="1200" /></a>
href="/wiki/File:NHS_NNUH_entrance.jpg" class="internal"
title="Enlarge"></a></div>The <a href="/wiki/National_Health_Service"
title="National Health Service">National Health Service</a> <a
href="/wiki/Norfolk_and_Norwich_University_Hospital" title="Norfolk and Norwich
University Hospital">Norfolk and Norwich University Hospital</a> in the UK, showing
the utilitarian architecture of many modern hospitals</div></div></div>
href="/wiki/File:Fawcett_Memorial_Hospital_Chapel.jpg" class="image"><img alt=""
src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/78/Fawcett_Memorial_Hospital_
Chapel.jpg/180px-Fawcett_Memorial_Hospital_Chapel.jpg" decoding="async" width="180"
srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/78/Fawcett_Memorial_Hospit
al_Chapel.jpg/270px-Fawcett_Memorial_Hospital_Chapel.jpg 1.5x,
//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/78/Fawcett_Memorial_Hospital_Chape
l.jpg/360px-Fawcett_Memorial_Hospital_Chapel.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1600" data-
href="/wiki/File:Fawcett_Memorial_Hospital_Chapel.jpg" class="internal"
title="Enlarge"></a></div>Hospital chapel at <a
href="/wiki/Fawcett_Memorial_Hospital" title="Fawcett Memorial Hospital">Fawcett
Memorial Hospital</a> (<a href="/wiki/Port_Charlotte,_Florida" title="Port
Charlotte, Florida">Port Charlotte, Florida</a>)</div></div></div>
<p>Modern hospital buildings are designed to minimise the effort of medical
personnel and the possibility of contamination while maximising the efficiency of
the whole system. Travel time for personnel within the hospital and the
transportation of patients between units is facilitated and minimised. The building
also should be built to accommodate heavy departments such as radiology and
operating rooms while space for special wiring, plumbing, and waste disposal must
be allowed for in the design.<sup id="cite_ref-62" class="reference"><a
</p><p>However, many hospitals, even those considered "modern", are the product of
continual and often badly managed growth over decades or even centuries, with
utilitarian new sections added on as needs and finances dictate. As a result, Dutch
architectural historian <a href="/w/index.php?
title=Cor_Wagenaar&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Cor Wagenaar
(page does not exist)">Cor Wagenaar</a> has called many hospitals:
</p>
<dl><dd><i>"... built catastrophes, anonymous institutional complexes run by
vast bureaucracies, and totally unfit for the purpose they have been designed
for ... They are hardly ever functional, and instead of making patients feel
at home, they produce stress and anxiety."<sup id="cite_ref-ODE_63-0"
class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ODE-63">[62]</a></sup></i></dd></dl>
<p>Some newer hospitals now try to re-establish design that takes the patient's
psychological needs into account, such as providing more fresh air, better views
and more pleasant colour schemes. These ideas harken back to the late eighteenth
century, when the concept of providing fresh air and access to the 'healing powers
of nature' were first employed by hospital architects in improving their
buildings.<sup id="cite_ref-ODE_63-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ODE-
63">[62]</a></sup>
</p><p>The research of <a href="/wiki/British_Medical_Association" title="British
Medical Association">British Medical Association</a> is showing that good hospital
design can reduce patient's recovery time. Exposure to daylight is effective in
reducing depression. Single-sex accommodation help ensure that patients are treated
in privacy and with dignity. Exposure to nature and hospital gardens is also
important – looking out windows improves patients' moods and reduces blood pressure
and stress level. Open windows in patient rooms have also demonstrated some
evidence of beneficial outcomes by improving airflow and increased microbial
diversity.<sup id="cite_ref-64" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-
64">[63]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-65" class="reference"><a
href="#cite_note-65">[64]</a></sup> Eliminating long corridors can reduce
nurses' fatigue and stress.<sup id="cite_ref-66" class="reference"><a
</p><p>Another ongoing major development is the change from a ward-based system
(where patients are accommodated in communal rooms, separated by movable
partitions) to one in which they are accommodated in individual rooms. The ward-
based system has been described as very efficient, especially for the medical
staff, but is considered to be more stressful for patients and detrimental to their
privacy. A major constraint on providing all patients with their own rooms is
however found in the higher cost of building and operating such a hospital; this
causes some hospitals to charge for private rooms.<sup id="cite_ref-67"
</p>
<h2><span class="mw-headline" id="See_also">See also</span><span class="mw-
title=Hospital&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: See
also">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h2>
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Burn_center" title="Burn center">Burn center</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/History_of_hospitals" title="History of hospitals">History of
hospitals</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/History_of_medicine" title="History of medicine">History of
medicine</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Hospital_network" title="Hospital network">Hospital
network</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Lists_of_hospitals" title="Lists of hospitals">Lists of
hospitals</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Hospital_information_system" title="Hospital information
system">Hospital information system</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Super_Specialty_Hospital" class="mw-redirect" title="Super
Specialty Hospital">Super Specialty Hospital</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Trauma_center" title="Trauma center">Trauma center</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/The_Waiting_Room_(2012_film)" title="The Waiting Room (2012
film)">The Waiting Room</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Walk-in_clinic" title="Walk-in clinic">Walk-in
clinic</a></li></ul>
<h2><span class="mw-headline" id="Notes">Notes</span><span class="mw-
Notes">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h2>
<div class="reflist" style="list-style-type: lower-alpha;">
<div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references">
<li id="cite_note-33"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-
33">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">"Although Philadelphia General
Hospital (1732) and Bellevue Hospital in New York (1736) are older, the
Philadelphia General was founded as an almshouse, and Bellevue as a
workhouse."</span>
</li>
</ol></div></div>
<h2><span class="mw-headline" id="References">References</span><span class="mw-
References">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h2>
<div class="reflist" style="list-style-type: decimal;">
<div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references">
1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a
rel="nofollow" class="external text"
href="https://www.who.int/hospitals/en/">"Hospitals"</a>. <i>World Health
Organization</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span
class="nowrap">24 January</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-
2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx
%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=World+Health+Organization&rft.a
title=Hospitals&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.who.int%2Fhospitals%2Fen
%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHospital"
class="Z3988"></span><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r982806391">.mw-
parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit}.mw-parser-output .citation
q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,.mw-parser-output
.citation .cs1-lock-free a{background:linear-
gradient(transparent,transparent),url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/6
5/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-
limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,.mw-parser-output .citation
.cs1-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-registration
a{background:linear-
gradient(transparent,transparent),url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d
6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-
subscription a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-subscription
a{background:linear-
gradient(transparent,transparent),url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/a
a/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-
subscription,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registration{color:#555}.mw-parser-output .cs1-
subscription span,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registration span{border-bottom:1px
dotted;cursor:help}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:linear-
gradient(transparent,transparent),url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4
c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output
code.cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-
parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-
visible-error{font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-
maint{display:none;color:#33aa33;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-
subscription,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registration,.mw-parser-output .cs1-
format{font-size:95%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left,.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-
wl-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right,.mw-parser-output
.cs1-kern-wl-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-
selflink{font-weight:inherit}</style></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-bbc1-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-
bbc1_2-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-bbc1_2-
1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-bbc1_2-
2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite
class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text"
href="https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/health-10830889">"India's 'production line' heart
hospital"</a>. bbcnews.com. 1 August 2010<span class="reference-accessdate">.
Retrieved <span class="nowrap">13 October</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span
title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx
%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=India%27s+%27production+line
%27+heart+hospital&rft.pub=bbcnews.com&rft.date=2010-08-01&rft_id=https
%3A%2F%2Fwww.bbc.co.uk%2Fnews%2Fhealth-10830889&rfr_id=info%3Asid
%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHospital" class="Z3988"></span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-
inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r982806391"/></span>
</li>
3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite id="CITEREFHall2008"
class="citation journal cs1">Hall, Daniel (December 2008). <a rel="nofollow"
class="external text" href="//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2605310">"Altar
and Table: A phenomenology of the surgeon-priest"</a>. <i>Yale Journal of Biology
and Medicine</i>. <b>81</b> (4): 193–98. <a href="/wiki/PMC_(identifier)"
class="mw-redirect" title="PMC (identifier)">PMC</a> <span class="cs1-lock-
free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text"
href="//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2605310">2605310</a></span>. <a
href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID
(identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text"
href="//pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/19099050">19099050</a>. <q>Although physicians were
available in varying capacities in ancient Rome and Athens, the institution of a
hospital dedicated to the care of the sick was a distinctly Christian innovation
rooted in the monastic virtue and practise of hospitality. Arranged around the
monastery were concentric rings of buildings in which the life and work of the
monastic community was ordered. The outer ring of buildings served as a hostel in
which travellers were received and boarded. The inner ring served as a place where
the monastic community could care for the sick, the poor and the infirm. Monks were
frequently familiar with the medicine available at that time, growing medicinal
plants on the monastery grounds and applying remedies as indicated. As such, many
of the practicing physicians of the Middle Ages were also clergy.</q></cite><span
%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Yale+Journal+of+Biology+and+Medicin
e&rft.atitle=Altar+and+Table%3A+A+phenomenology+of+the+surgeon-
priest&rft.volume=81&rft.issue=4&rft.pages=193-98&rft.date=2008-
12&rft_id=%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles
%2FPMC2605310&rft_id=info%3Apmid
%2F19099050&rft.aulast=Hall&rft.aufirst=Daniel&rft_id=%2F
%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC2605310&rfr_id=info%3Asid
</li>
4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite id="CITEREFLovoll1998"
class="citation book cs1">Lovoll, Odd (1998). <i>A Portrait of Norwegian Americans
Today</i>. U of Minnesota Press. p. 192. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)"
class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a
href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-8166-2832-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-
0-8166-2832-2"><bdi>978-0-8166-2832-2</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-
%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=A+Portrait+of+Norwegian+Americans+Today&a
mp;rft.pages=192&rft.pub=U+of+Minnesota+Press&rft.date=1998&rft.isbn=97
8-0-8166-2832-2&rft.aulast=Lovoll&rft.aufirst=Odd&rfr_id=info%3Asid
</li>
5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>Cassell's Latin Dictionary</i>,
revised by J. Marchant & J. Charles, 260th. thousand.</span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-DHLF2013-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-
DHLF2013_6-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-DHLF2013_6-
1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-DHLF2013_6-
2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-DHLF2013_6-
3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-DHLF2013_6-
4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite
href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140714153446/http://www.cadhlf.org/about-
dhlf/our-background/">"Our Background"</a>. District Hospital Leadership Forum.
Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text"
href="http://www.cadhlf.org/about-dhlf/our-background/">the original</a> on 14 July
2014<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">10
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%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Our+Background&rft.pub=District+Ho
spital+Leadership+Forum&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.cadhlf.org%2Fabout-dhlf%2Four-
background%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHospital"
class="Z3988"></span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-
data:TemplateStyles:r982806391"/></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-Knox2013-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-
Knox2013_7-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Knox2013_7-
1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Knox2013_7-
2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Knox2013_7-
3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Knox2013_7-
4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite
id="CITEREFKnox" class="citation web cs1">Knox, Dennis. <a rel="nofollow"
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Providers. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text"
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%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=District+Hospitals
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%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHospital" class="Z3988"></span><link rel="mw-
deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r982806391"/></span>
</li>
href="https://legacy.npr.org/programs/morning/features/2004/dec/hospitals/klein.pdf
">"Specialty Hospital Update"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>.
<i>National Public Radio</i>. 2004<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved
<span class="nowrap">25 July</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-
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e=Specialty+Hospital+Update&rft.date=2004&rft_id=https%3A%2F
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href="//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1081608">"The Development of Medical
Ethics - A Sociological Analysis"</a>. <i>Medical History</i>. <b>19</b> (1): 36–
51. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi
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href="https://doi.org/10.1017%2Fs002572730001992x">10.1017/s002572730001992x</a>.
<a href="/wiki/PMC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMC
(identifier)">PMC</a> <span class="cs1-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a
href="//pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/1095851">1095851</a>.</cite><span
%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Medical+History&rft.atitle=The+
Development+of+Medical+Ethics+-
+A+Sociological+Analysis&rft.volume=19&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=36-
51&rft.date=1975&rft_id=%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles
%2FPMC1081608&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F1095851&rft_id=info%3Adoi
%2F10.1017%2Fs002572730001992x&rft.au=Waddington+Ivan&rft_id=%2F
</li>
42">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite id="CITEREFPorter1999"
class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Roy_Porter" title="Roy Porter">Porter,
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Humanity from Antiquity to the Present</i>. New York: W.W. Norton & Company.
pp. 316–17. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN
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%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Greatest+Benefit+to+Mankind
%3A+A+Medical+History+of+Humanity+from+Antiquity+to+the+Present&rft.place=New+Y
ork&rft.pages=316-17&rft.pub=W.W.+Norton+
%26+Company&rft.date=1999&rft.isbn=978-0-393-31980-
4&rft.aulast=Porter&rft.aufirst=Roy&rfr_id=info%3Asid
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43">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite id="CITEREFKathy_Neeb2006"
class="citation book cs1">Kathy Neeb (2006). <span class="cs1-lock-registration"
title="Free registration required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text"
href="https://archive.org/details/fundamentalsofme0000neeb"><i>Fundamentals of
Mental Health Nursing</i></a></span>. Philadelphia: F.A. Davis Company. <a
%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx
%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Fundamentals+of+Mental+Health+Nursing&amp
;rft.pub=Philadelphia%3A+F.A.+Davis+Company&rft.date=2006&rft.isbn=978-0-
8036-2034-6&rft.au=Kathy+Neeb&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails
%2Ffundamentalsofme0000neeb&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHospital"
</li>
id="CITEREFNightingale,_Florence1999" class="citation book cs1">Nightingale,
Florence (August 1999). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text"
href="https://books.google.com/books?
id=dRpgFsQ7nqkC&q=sanitary+commissioner+Scutari&pg=PA114"><i>Florence
Nightingale: Measuring Hospital Care Outcomes</i></a>. <a
title="Special:BookSources/978-0-86688-559-1"><bdi>978-0-86688-559-1</bdi></a><span
class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">13 March</span>
%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Florence+Nightingale
%3A+Measuring+Hospital+Care+Outcomes&rft.date=1999-08&rft.isbn=978-0-86688-
559-1&rft.au=Nightingale%2C+Florence&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com
%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DdRpgFsQ7nqkC%26q%3Dsanitary%2Bcommissioner%2BScutari%26pg
%3DPA114&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHospital"
</li>
45">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Erna Lesky, <i>The Vienna Medical
School of the 19th Century</i> (Johns Hopkins University Press, 1976)</span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-NYThospital-46"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a
href="#cite_ref-NYThospital_46-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a
href="#cite_ref-NYThospital_46-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a
href="#cite_ref-NYThospital_46-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span
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cs1">Emanuel, Ezekiel J. (25 February 2018). <a rel="nofollow" class="external
text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2018/02/25/opinion/hospitals-becoming-
obsolete.html">"Opinion | Are Hospitals Becoming Obsolete?"</a>. <i>The New
York Times</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi
%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx
%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=O
pinion+%26%23124%3B+Are+Hospitals+Becoming+Obsolete%3F&rft.date=2018-02-
25&rft.aulast=Emanuel&rft.aufirst=Ezekiel+J.&rft_id=https%3A%2F
%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F2018%2F02%2F25%2Fopinion%2Fhospitals-becoming-
obsolete.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHospital"
</li>
href="https://guidingmetrics.com/content/hospital-industrys-10-most-critical-
metrics/">"Hospital Industry's 10 Most Critical Metrics – Guiding Metrics"</a>.
<i>guidingmetrics.com</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span
class="nowrap">25 November</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-
%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=guidingmetrics.com&rft.atitle=H
ospital+Industry%27s+10+Most+Critical+Metrics+
%E2%80%93+Guiding+Metrics&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fguidingmetrics.com%2Fcontent
%2Fhospital-industrys-10-most-critical-metrics%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid
</li>
<li id="cite_note-aha2016-48"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-
aha2016_48-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation
web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text"
href="https://www.aha.org/statistics/fast-facts-us-hospitals">"Fast Facts on U.S.
Hospitals, 2018 | AHA"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-
%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Fast+Facts+on+U.S.+Hospitals%2C+2018+
%26%23124%3B+AHA&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.aha.org%2Fstatistics%2Ffast-facts-us-
hospitals&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHospital"
</li>
49">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation news
href="https://www.modernhealthcare.com/article/20150221/MAGAZINE/302219988">"As
admissions have slumped and outpatient care booms, hospitals closing or
shrinking"</a>. <i>Modern Healthcare</i><span class="reference-accessdate">.
Retrieved <span class="nowrap">25 November</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span
%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Modern+Healthcare&rft.atitle=As
+admissions+have+slumped+and+outpatient+care+booms
%2C+hospitals+closing+or+shrinking&rft_id=https%3A%2F
%2Fwww.modernhealthcare.com%2Farticle%2F20150221%2FMAGAZINE
%2F302219988&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHospital"
</li>
<li id="cite_note-CDCinfection-50"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a
href="#cite_ref-CDCinfection_50-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a
rel="nofollow" class="external free"
href="https://www.cdc.gov/hai/pdfs/hai/infections_deaths.pdf">https://www.cdc.gov/h
ai/pdfs/hai/infections_deaths.pdf</a></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-:0-51"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:0_51-
0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_51-
1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_51-
2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite
href="http://www.cmsdocs.org/news/two-midnight-and-observation-rule">"Two-Midnight
and Observation Rule – Chicago Medical Society"</a>. <i>www.cmsdocs.org</i>. <a
href="https://web.archive.org/web/20181125023815/http://www.cmsdocs.org/news/two-
midnight-and-observation-rule">Archived</a> from the original on 25 November
2018<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">25
November</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-
%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.cmsdocs.org&rft.atitle=Two-
Midnight+and+Observation+Rule+%E2%80%93+Chicago+Medical+Society&rft_id=http%3A
%2F%2Fwww.cmsdocs.org%2Fnews%2Ftwo-midnight-and-observation-rule&rfr_id=info
</li>
1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite
class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text"
href="https://www.modernhealthcare.com/article/20160418/NEWS/160419922">"CMS drops
two-midnight rule's inpatient payment cuts"</a>. <i>Modern Healthcare</i><span
class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">25 November</span>
%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx
%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Modern+Healthcare&rft.atitle=CM
S+drops+two-midnight+rule%27s+inpatient+payment+cuts&rft_id=https%3A%2F
%2Fwww.modernhealthcare.com%2Farticle%2F20160418%2FNEWS%2F160419922&rfr_id=info
</li>
cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://hbr.org/2017/10/how-u-s-
hospitals-and-health-systems-can-reverse-their-sliding-financial-performance">"How
U.S. Hospitals and Health Systems Can Reverse Their Sliding Financial
Performance"</a>. <i>Harvard Business Review</i>. 5 October 2017<span
%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx
%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Harvard+Business+Review&rft.ati
tle=How+U.S.
+Hospitals+and+Health+Systems+Can+Reverse+Their+Sliding+Financial+Performance&r
ft.date=2017-10-05&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fhbr.org%2F2017%2F10%2Fhow-u-s-
hospitals-and-health-systems-can-reverse-their-sliding-financial-
performance&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHospital"
</li>
54">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite id="CITEREFStaff"
class="citation web cs1">Staff. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text"
href="https://www.beckershospitalreview.com/facilities-management/5-common-
questions-about-micro-hospitals-answered.html">"5 common questions about micro-
hospitals, answered"</a>. <i>www.beckershospitalreview.com</i><span
%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx
%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.beckershospitalreview.com&r
ft.atitle=5+common+questions+about+micro-hospitals
%2C+answered&rft.au=Staff&rft_id=https%3A%2F
%2Fwww.beckershospitalreview.com%2Ffacilities-management%2F5-common-questions-
about-micro-hospitals-answered.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org
</li>
1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite
href="https://www.modernhealthcare.com/article/20140927/MAGAZINE/309279952/when-
the-tiny-hospital-can-t-survive-free-standing-eds-with-primary-care-seen-as-new-
rural-model">"When the tiny hospital can't survive: Free-standing EDs with primary
care seen as new rural model"</a>. <i>Modern Healthcare</i>. 7 September 2011<span
class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">14 May</span>
%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx
%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Modern+Healthcare&rft.atitle=Wh
en+the+tiny+hospital+can%27t+survive%3A+Free-
standing+EDs+with+primary+care+seen+as+new+rural+model&rft.date=2011-09-
07&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.modernhealthcare.com%2Farticle
%2F20140927%2FMAGAZINE%2F309279952%2Fwhen-the-tiny-hospital-can-t-survive-free-
standing-eds-with-primary-care-seen-as-new-rural-model&rfr_id=info%3Asid
</li>
<li id="cite_note-GROW-56"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-
GROW_56-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite
id="CITEREFJohnston,_Martin2008" class="citation web cs1">Johnston, Martin (21
January 2008). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text"
href="http://www.nzherald.co.nz/organisation/story.cfm?
o_id=366&objectid=10487870">"Surgery worries create insurance boom"</a>. <i><a
href="/wiki/The_New_Zealand_Herald" title="The New Zealand Herald">The New Zealand
Herald</a></i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">3
October</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-
%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+New+Zealand+Herald&rft.atit
le=Surgery+worries+create+insurance+boom&rft.date=2008-01-
21&rft.au=Johnston%2C+Martin&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.nzherald.co.nz
%2Forganisation%2Fstory.cfm%3Fo_id%3D366%26objectid%3D10487870&rfr_id=info
</li>
<li id="cite_note-USATODAY-57"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-
USATODAY_57-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-USATODAY_57-
1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><i><a
href="https://www.usatoday.com/money/industries/health/2006-04-25-new-orleans-
hospitals-usat_x.htm">Hospitals in New Orleans see surge in uninsured patients but
not public funds</a></i> – <i><a href="/wiki/USA_Today" title="USA Today">USA
Today</a></i>, Wednesday 26 April 2006</span>
</li>
href="https://www.ajmc.com/journals/issue/2017/2017-vol23-n4/battling-the-
chargemaster-a-simple-remedy-to-balance-billing-for-unavoidable-out-of-network-
care">"Battling the Chargemaster: A Simple Remedy to Balance Billing for
Unavoidable Out-of-Network Care"</a>. <i>AJMC</i><span class="reference-
accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">10 December</span>
%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx
%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=AJMC&rft.atitle=Battling+the+Ch
argemaster%3A+A+Simple+Remedy+to+Balance+Billing+for+Unavoidable+Out-of-
Network+Care&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ajmc.com%2Fjournals%2Fissue
%2F2017%2F2017-vol23-n4%2Fbattling-the-chargemaster-a-simple-remedy-to-balance-
billing-for-unavoidable-out-of-network-care&rfr_id=info%3Asid
</li>
rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.cms.gov/Regulations-and-
Guidance/Legislation/EMTALA/index.html?redirect=/emtala/">"Emergency Medical
Treatment & Labor Act (EMTALA)"</a>. <a href="/w/index.php?
title=Centres_for_Medicare_%26_Medicaid_Services&action=edit&redlink=1"
class="new" title="Centres for Medicare & Medicaid Services (page does not
exist)">centres for Medicare & Medicaid Services</a>. 26 March 2012<span
class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">17 May</span>
%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx
%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Emergency+Medical+Treatment+
%26+Labor+Act+%28EMTALA%29&rft.pub=centres+for+Medicare+
%26+Medicaid+Services&rft.date=2012-03-26&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.cms.gov
%2FRegulations-and-Guidance%2FLegislation%2FEMTALA%2Findex.html%3Fredirect%3D
%2Femtala%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHospital"
</li>
cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.hsj.co.uk/quality-
and-performance/cqc-to-inspect-hospitals-on-food-standards-after-patient-
deaths/7028974.article">"CQC to inspect hospitals on food standards after patient
deaths"</a>. Health Service Journal. 17 November 2020<span class="reference-
accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">24 December</span>
%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx
%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=CQC+to+inspect+hospitals+on+food+st
andards+after+patient+deaths&rft.date=2020-11-17&rft_id=https%3A%2F
%2Fwww.hsj.co.uk%2Fquality-and-performance%2Fcqc-to-inspect-hospitals-on-food-
standards-after-patient-deaths%2F7028974.article&rfr_id=info%3Asid
</li>
href="https://www.reuters.com/article/us-safety/going-into-hospital-far-riskier-
than-flying-who-idUSTRE76K45R20110721">"Going into hospital far riskier than
flying: WHO"</a>. Reuters. 21 July 2011<span class="reference-accessdate">.
Retrieved <span class="nowrap">27 January</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span
%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Going+into+hospital+far+riskier+tha
n+flying%3A+WHO&rft.date=2011-07-21&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.reuters.com
%2Farticle%2Fus-safety%2Fgoing-into-hospital-far-riskier-than-flying-who-
idUSTRE76K45R20110721&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHospital"
</li>
62">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Annmarie_Adams"
title="Annmarie Adams">Annmarie Adams</a>, <i>Medicine by Design: The Architect and
the Modern Hospital, 1893–1943</i> (2009)</span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-ODE-63"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-
ODE_63-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-ODE_63-
1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><i><a
href="http://www.odemagazine.com/doc/35/healing_by_design">Healing by design</a> <a
href="https://web.archive.org/web/20071017220150/http://www.odemagazine.com/doc/35/
healing_by_design">Archived</a> 17 October 2007 at the <a
href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></i> –
<i>Ode Magazine</i>, July/August 2006 issue. Accessed 10 February 2008.</span>
</li>
64">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite id="CITEREFSample2012"
class="citation news cs1">Sample, Ian (20 February 2012). <a rel="nofollow"
class="external text" href="https://www.theguardian.com/science/2012/feb/20/open-
hospital-windows-stem-infections">"Open hospital windows to stem spread of
infections, says microbiologist"</a>. <i>The Guardian</i><span class="reference-
accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">12 March</span>
%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx
%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Guardian&rft.atitle=Open+ho
spital+windows+to+stem+spread+of+infections
%2C+says+microbiologist&rft.date=2012-02-
20&rft.aulast=Sample&rft.aufirst=Ian&rft_id=https%3A%2F
%2Fwww.theguardian.com%2Fscience%2F2012%2Ffeb%2F20%2Fopen-hospital-windows-stem-
infections&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHospital"
</li>
65">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite id="CITEREFBowdler2013"
class="citation news cs1">Bowdler, Neil (26 April 2013). <a rel="nofollow"
class="external text" href="https://www.bbc.com/news/health-22269698">"Closed
windows 'increase infection<span class="cs1-kern-right">'</span>"</a>. <i>BBC
News</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">12
March</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-
%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=BBC+News&rft.atitle=Closed+wind
ows+%27increase+infection%27&rft.date=2013-04-
26&rft.aulast=Bowdler&rft.aufirst=Neil&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bbc.com
%2Fnews%2Fhealth-22269698&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHospital"
</li>
href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110314184736/http://www.bma.org.uk/health_promo
tion_ethics/psychologicalandsocialneedsofpatients.jsp?page=8">"The psychological
and social needs of patients"</a>. <a href="/wiki/British_Medical_Association"
title="British Medical Association">British Medical Association</a>. 7 January
2011. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text"
href="http://www.bma.org.uk/health_promotion_ethics/psychologicalandsocialneedsofpa
tients.jsp?page=8">the original</a> on 14 March 2011<span class="reference-
accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">14 March</span>
%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx
%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+psychological+and+social+needs+of+
patients&rft.pub=British+Medical+Association&rft.date=2011-01-
07&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.bma.org.uk%2Fhealth_promotion_ethics
%2Fpsychologicalandsocialneedsofpatients.jsp%3Fpage%3D8&rfr_id=info%3Asid
</li>
67">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><i><a rel="nofollow"
href="http://www.nationalreviewofmedicine.com/issue/2004/11_15/feature05_21.html">H
ealth administrators go shopping for new hospital designs</a> <a rel="nofollow"
href="https://web.archive.org/web/20081226075348/http://www.nationalreviewofmedicin
e.com/issue/2004/11_15/feature05_21.html">Archived</a> 26 December 2008 at the <a
href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></i> –
<i><a href="/w/index.php?
title=National_Review_of_Medicine&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new"
title="National Review of Medicine (page does not exist)">National Review of
Medicine</a></i>, Monday 15 November 2004, Volume 1 No. 21</span>
</li>
</ol></div></div>
<ul><li><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text"
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Organization</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi
%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx
%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=World+Health+Organization&rft.a
title=Hospitals+Database&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.who.int%2Fhospitals%2Fen
%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHospital" class="Z3988"></span><link
rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-
data:TemplateStyles:r982806391"/></li></ul>
<h2><span class="mw-headline" id="Bibliography">Bibliography</span><span class="mw-
Bibliography">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h2>
<h3><span class="mw-headline" id="History_of_hospitals">History of
hospitals</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-
title=Hospital&action=edit&section=22" title="Edit section: History of
hospitals">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h3>
<ul><li>Brockliss, Lawrence, and Colin Jones. "The Hospital in the Enlightenment,"
in <i>The Medical World of Early Modern France</i> (Oxford UP, 1997), pp. 671–
729; covers France 1650–1800</li>
<li>Chaney, Edward (2000),"'Philanthropy in Italy': English Observations on Italian
Hospitals 1545–1789", in: <i>The Evolution of the Grand Tour: Anglo-Italian
Cultural Relations since the Renaissance</i>, 2nd ed. London, Routledge, 2000. <a
href="https://books.google.com/books/about/The_evolution_of_the_grand_tour.html?
id=rYB_HYPsa8gC">https://books.google.com/books/about/The_evolution_of_the_grand_to
ur.html?id=rYB_HYPsa8gC</a></li>
<li>Connor, J.T.H. "Hospital History in Canada and the United States," <i>Canadian
Bulletin of Medical History</i>, 1990, Vol. 7 Issue 1, pp. 93–104</li>
<li>Crawford, D.S. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text"
href="http://internatlibs.mcgill.ca/hospitals/hospital-histories.htm">Bibliography
of Histories of Canadian hospitals and schools of nursing</a>.</li>
<li>Gorsky, Martin. "The British National Health Service 1948–2008: A Review of the
Historiography," <i>Social History of Medicine</i>, December 2008, Vol. 21 Issue 3,
pp. 437–60</li>
<li>Harrison, Mar, et al. eds. <i>From Western Medicine to Global Medicine: The
Hospital Beyond the West</i> (2008)</li>
<li>Horden, Peregrine. <i>Hospitals and Healing From Antiquity to the Later Middle
Ages</i> (2008)</li>
<li>McGrew, Roderick E. <i>Encyclopedia of Medical History</i> (1985)</li>
<li><cite id="CITEREFMorelonRashed1996" class="citation cs2">Morelon, Régis;
Rashed, Roshdi (1996), <i>Encyclopedia of the History of Arabic Science</i>,
<b>3</b>, Routledge, <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect"
title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-
415-12410-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-415-12410-2"><bdi>978-0-415-12410-
2</bdi></a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt
%3Akev%3Amtx
%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Encyclopedia+of+the+History+of+Arabic+Sci
ence&rft.pub=Routledge&rft.date=1996&rft.isbn=978-0-415-12410-
2&rft.aulast=Morelon&rft.aufirst=R%C3%A9gis&rft.au=Rashed
%2C+Roshdi&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHospital"
data:TemplateStyles:r982806391"/></li>
<li>Porter, Roy. <i>The Hospital in History</i>, with Lindsay Patricia Granshaw
(1989) <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-
data:TemplateStyles:r982806391"/><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-
redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a
href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-415-00375-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-
0-415-00375-9">978-0-415-00375-9</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Guenter_B._Risse" title="Guenter B. Risse">Risse, Guenter B.</a>
<i>Mending Bodies, Saving Souls: A History of Hospitals</i> (1999); world
coverage</li>
<li>Rosenberg, Charles E. <i>The Care of Strangers: The Rise of America's Hospital
System</i> (1995); history to 1920</li>
<li>Scheutz, Martin et al. eds. <i>Hospitals and Institutional Care in Medieval and
Early Modern Europe</i> (2009)</li>
<li>Wall, Barbra Mann. <i>American Catholic Hospitals: A Century of Changing
Markets and Missions</i> (Rutgers University Press, 2011). <link rel="mw-
deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r982806391"/><a
title="Special:BookSources/978-0-8135-4940-8">978-0-8135-4940-8</a></li></ul>
<h2><span class="mw-headline" id="External_links">External links</span><span
class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a
href="/w/index.php?title=Hospital&action=edit&section=23" title="Edit
section: External links">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-
<table role="presentation" class="mbox-small plainlinks sistersitebox"
style="background-color:#f9f9f9;border:1px solid #aaa;color:#000">
<tbody><tr>
<td class="mbox-image"><img alt=""
src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Wiktionary-logo-en-
v2.svg/40px-Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="40"
class="noviewer"
srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Wiktionary-logo-en-
v2.svg/60px-Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg.png 1.5x,
//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg/80px-
Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512"
/></td>
<td class="mbox-text plainlist">Look up <i><b><a
href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/hospital" class="extiw"
title="wiktionary:hospital">hospital</a></b></i> in Wiktionary, the free
dictionary.</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<table role="presentation" class="mbox-small plainlinks sistersitebox"
style="background-color:#f9f9f9;border:1px solid #aaa;color:#000">
<tbody><tr>
<td class="mbox-image"><img alt=""
src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-
logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="40" class="noviewer"
srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/45px-
Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-
logo.svg/59px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-
height="1376" /></td>
<td class="mbox-text plainlist">Wikimedia Commons has media related to <i><b><a
href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Hospital" class="extiw"
title="commons:Hospital">Hospital</a></b></i>.</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<dl><dt>Database</dt></dl>
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/WHO" class="mw-redirect" title="WHO">WHO</a> Hospitals <a
href="https://www.who.int/hospitals/en/">https://www.who.int/hospitals/en/</a></li>
<li><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text"
href="https://us.hospitalsworldguide.com/hospitals-in-usa/">"Global and
Multilanguage Database of public and private hospitals"</a>.
<i>hospitalsworldguide<a href="/wiki/.com" title=".com">.com</a></i>.</cite><span
%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=hospitalsworldguide.com&rft.ati
tle=Global+and+Multilanguage+Database+of+public+and+private+hospitals&rft_id=ht
tps%3A%2F%2Fus.hospitalsworldguide.com%2Fhospitals-in-usa%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid
inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r982806391"/></li>
<li><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text"
href="http://hospitals.webometrics.info/">"Directory and Ranking of more than
17.000 Hospitals worldwide"</a>. <i>hospitals.webometrics.info</i>.</cite><span
%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=hospitals.webometrics.info&rft.
atitle=Directory+and+Ranking+of+more+than+17.000+Hospitals+worldwide&rft_id=htt
p%3A%2F%2Fhospitals.webometrics.info%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org
href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r982806391"/></li>
<li><cite class="citation journal cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text"
href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/journals/228/">"Medical History"</a>.
<i>Open Access Scholarly Journal</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-
%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Open+Access+Scholarly+Journal&r
ft.atitle=Medical+History&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc
%2Fjournals%2F228%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHospital"
data:TemplateStyles:r982806391"/></li></ul>
<div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Articles_about_Hospitals"
style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-
inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th
scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-
style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r992953826"/><div class="navbar plainlinks
hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a
href="/wiki/Template:Hospital_articles" title="Template:Hospital articles"><abbr
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shadow:none;box-shadow:none; padding:0;">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div
id="Articles_about_Hospitals" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Articles about <a
class="mw-selflink selflink">Hospitals</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-
abovebelow" colspan="2"><div
id="History_of_hospitals,_Hospital_network,_Category:Hospitals"><a
href="/wiki/History_of_hospitals" title="History of hospitals">History of
hospitals</a>, <a href="/wiki/Hospital_network" title="Hospital network">Hospital
network</a>, <a href="/wiki/Category:Hospitals"
title="Category:Hospitals">Category:Hospitals</a></div></td></tr><tr><th
scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Common hospital<br
/>components</th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="text-
align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-
style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hospital_accreditation" title="Hospital
accreditation">Accreditation</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Hospital_bed" title="Hospital bed">Bed</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Coronary_care_unit" title="Coronary care unit">Coronary care
unit</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Emergency_department" title="Emergency department">Emergency
department</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Hospital_emergency_codes" title="Hospital emergency
codes">Emergency codes</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Health_administration#Hospital_administrators" title="Health
administration">Hospital administrators</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Hospital_information_system" title="Hospital information
system">Hospital information system</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Hospital_medicine" title="Hospital medicine">Hospital
medicine</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Hospital_museum" title="Hospital museum">Hospital
museum</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Hospital_separation" title="Hospital separation">Hospital
separation</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Hospital_medicine" title="Hospital
medicine">Hospitalist</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Intensive_care_unit" title="Intensive care unit">Intensive care
unit</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Nocturnist" title="Nocturnist">Nocturnist</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/On-call_room" title="On-call room">On-call room</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Operating_theater" title="Operating theater">Operating
theater</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Orderly" title="Orderly">Orderly</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Patients#Outpatients_and_inpatients" class="mw-redirect"
title="Patients">Patients</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Hospital_pharmacy" title="Hospital pharmacy">Pharmacy</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Hospital_ward" class="mw-redirect" title="Hospital
ward">Wards</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Archaic
forms</th><td class="navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="text-align:left;border-
left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div
style="padding:0em 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Almshouse" title="Almshouse">Almshouse</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Asclepeion" title="Asclepeion">Asclepeion</a> (Greece)</li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Bimaristan" title="Bimaristan">Bimaristan</a> (Islamic)</li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Cottage_hospital" title="Cottage hospital">Cottage hospital</a>
(England)</li>
<li>Hôtel-Dieu (France)</li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Medical_community_of_ancient_Rome#Imperial" title="Medical
community of ancient Rome">Valetudinaria</a> (Roman)</li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Vaishya" title="Vaishya">Vaishya</a> lying in houses
(India)</li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Xenodochium" title="Xenodochium">Xenodochium</a> (Middle
Ages)</li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group"
style="width:1%">Geographic service area</th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd
hlist" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Base_hospital" title="Base hospital">Base hospital</a>
(Australia)</li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Community_hospital" title="Community hospital">Community
hospital</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/General_hospital" class="mw-redirect" title="General
hospital">General hospital</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Regional_hospital" title="Regional hospital">Regional
hospital</a> or <a href="/wiki/District_hospital" class="mw-redirect"
title="District hospital">District hospital</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Municipal_hospital" title="Municipal hospital">Municipal
hospital</a></li></ul>
style="width:1%">Complexity of services</th><td class="navbox-list navbox-even
hlist" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Day_hospital" title="Day hospital">Day hospital</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Secondary_hospital" title="Secondary hospital">Secondary
hospital</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Tertiary_referral_hospital" title="Tertiary referral
hospital">Tertiary referral hospital</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Teaching_hospital" title="Teaching hospital">Teaching
hospital</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Super_Specialty_Hospital" class="mw-redirect" title="Super
Specialty Hospital">Super Specialty Hospital</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Unique
physical traits</th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="text-
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hospital_ship" title="Hospital ship">Hospital ship</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Hospital_train" title="Hospital train">Hospital train</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Mobile_hospital" title="Mobile hospital">Mobile
hospital</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Underground_hospital" title="Underground hospital">Underground
hospital</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Virtual_Hospital" title="Virtual Hospital">Virtual
Hospital</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Limited
class of patients</th><td class="navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="text-
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Military_hospital" title="Military hospital">Military
hospital</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Combat_support_hospital" title="Combat support hospital">Combat
support hospital</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Field_hospital" title="Field hospital">Field hospital</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Category:Prison_hospitals" title="Category:Prison
hospitals">Prison hospital</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Veterans_Affairs_medical_facilities" title="List of
Veterans Affairs medical facilities">Veterans medical facilities</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Category:Women%27s_hospitals" title="Category:Women's
hospitals">Women's hospital</a></li></ul>
style="width:1%">Funding</th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="text-
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Charitable_hospital" title="Charitable hospital">Charitable
hospital</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/For-profit_hospital" title="For-profit hospital">For-profit
hospital</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Non-profit_hospital" title="Non-profit hospital">Non-profit
hospital</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/State_hospital" title="State hospital">State hospital</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Private_hospital" title="Private hospital">Private
hospital</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Public_hospital" title="Public hospital">Public
hospital</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Category:Defunct_hospitals" title="Category:Defunct
hospitals">Defunct</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Condition
treated</th><td class="navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="text-
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Cancer_hospitals" title="Category:Cancer
hospitals">Cancer</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Children%27s_hospital" title="Children's
hospital">Children's hospital</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Category:Eye_hospitals" title="Category:Eye hospitals">Eye
hospital</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Fever_hospital" title="Fever hospital">Fever hospital</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Leper_colony" title="Leper colony">Leper colony</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Lock_hospital" title="Lock hospital">Lock hospital</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Maternity_hospital" title="Maternity hospital">Maternity
hospital</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Psychiatric_hospital" title="Psychiatric hospital">Psychiatric
hospital</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Rehabilitation_hospital" title="Rehabilitation
hospital">Rehabilitation hospital</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Trauma_center" title="Trauma center">Trauma center</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Category:Veterinary_hospitals" title="Category:Veterinary
hospitals">Verterinary hospital</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Century
established</th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="text-
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Hospitals_established_in_the_5th_century"
title="Category:Hospitals established in the 5th century">5th</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Category:Hospitals_established_in_the_6th_century"
<li><a href="/wiki/Category:Hospitals_established_in_the_21st_century"
title="Category:Hospitals established in the 21st century">21st</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div>Lists of
hospitals in: <a href="/wiki/Lists_of_hospitals_in_Africa" title="Lists of
hospitals in Africa">Africa</a>, <a href="/wiki/Lists_of_hospitals_in_Asia"
title="Lists of hospitals in Asia">Asia</a>, <a
href="/wiki/Lists_of_hospitals_in_Europe" title="Lists of hospitals in
Europe">Europe</a>, <a href="/wiki/Lists_of_hospitals_in_North_America"
title="Lists of hospitals in North America">North America</a>, <a
href="/wiki/Lists_of_hospitals_in_Oceania" title="Lists of hospitals in
Oceania">Oceania</a>, <a href="/wiki/Lists_of_hospitals_in_South_America"
title="Lists of hospitals in South America">South
America</a></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>
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style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse
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id="*_Economics_*_Equipment_*_Guidelines_*_Industry_*_Philosophy_*_Policy_*_Provide
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<li><a href="/wiki/Medical_guideline" title="Medical guideline">Guidelines</a></li>
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<li><a href="/wiki/Health_care_provider" title="Health care
provider">Providers</a></li>
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title="WHO's ranking of health care systems">Ranking</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Health_care_reform" title="Health care reform">Reform</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Health_system" title="Health system">System</a></li></ul>
style="width:1%">Professions</th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Medicine" title="Medicine">Medicine</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Nursing" title="Nursing">Nursing</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Pharmacy" title="Pharmacy">Pharmacy</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Healthcare_science" class="mw-redirect" title="Healthcare
science">Healthcare science</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Dentistry" title="Dentistry">Dentistry</a></li>
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professions">Allied health professions</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Health_information_management" title="Health information
management">Health information management</a></li></ul>
style="width:1%">Settings</th><td class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="text-
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Assisted_living" title="Assisted living">Assisted
living</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Clinic" title="Clinic">Clinic</a></li>
<li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Hospital</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Nursing_home" title="Nursing home">Nursing home</a></li>
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title="Cultural competence in health care">Cultural competence</a></li>
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<li><a href="/wiki/Universal_precautions" title="Universal precautions">Universal
precautions</a></li></ul>
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country</th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-
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<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Health_care_in_the_United_States" title="Health care in the
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title="Healthcare reform debate in the United States">reform debate in the United
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<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Airport" title="Airport">Airports</a></li>
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<li><a href="/wiki/State_school" title="State school">State schools</a></li>
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title="Telecommunication">Telecommunications</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Wastewater" title="Wastewater">Wastewater</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Water_supply_network" title="Water supply network">Water supply
network</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Wind_power" title="Wind power">Wind power</a></li></ul>
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style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Appropriation_(law)" title="Appropriation
(law)">Appropriation</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Infrastructure_asset_management" title="Infrastructure asset
management">Infrastructure asset management</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Build%E2%80%93operate%E2%80%93transfer" title="Build–operate–
transfer">Build–operate–transfer</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Design%E2%80%93build" title="Design–build">Design–build</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Earmark_(politics)" title="Earmark (politics)">Earmark</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Infrastructure#Engineering" title="Infrastructure">Engineering
contracts</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Externality" title="Externality">Externality</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Fixed_cost" title="Fixed cost">Fixed cost</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Government_debt" title="Government debt">Government
debt</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Life-cycle_assessment" title="Life-cycle assessment">Life-cycle
assessment</a></li>
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<li><a href="/wiki/Maintenance,_repair,_and_operations" class="mw-redirect"
title="Maintenance, repair, and operations">Maintenance, repair, and
operations</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Natural_monopoly" title="Natural monopoly">Natural
monopoly</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Property_tax" title="Property tax">Property tax</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Public_capital" title="Public capital">Public capital</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Public_finance" title="Public finance">Public finance</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Public_good_(economics)" title="Public good (economics)">Public
good</a></li>
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partnership">Public–private partnership</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Renovation" title="Renovation">Renovation</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Spillover_(economics)" title="Spillover
(economics)">Spillover</a></li>
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<li><a href="/wiki/Upgrade" title="Upgrade">Upgrade</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">issues<br
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<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Air_traffic_control" title="Air traffic control">Air traffic
control</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Brownfield_land" title="Brownfield land">Brownfield
land</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Bus_rapid_transit" title="Bus rapid transit">Bus rapid
transit</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Carbon_footprint" title="Carbon footprint">Carbon
footprint</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Congestion_pricing" title="Congestion pricing">Congestion
pricing</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Containerization"
title="Containerization">Containerization</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Ethanol_fuel" title="Ethanol fuel">Ethanol fuel</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Fuel_efficiency" title="Fuel efficiency">Fuel
efficiency</a></li>
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<li><a href="/wiki/Groundwater" title="Groundwater">Groundwater</a></li>
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rail</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Hybrid_vehicle" title="Hybrid vehicle">Hybrid vehicles</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Land-use_planning" title="Land-use planning">Land-use
planning</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Mobile_data_terminal" title="Mobile data terminal">Mobile data
terminal</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Pork_barrel" title="Pork barrel">Pork barrel</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Recycling" title="Recycling">Recycling</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Renewable_resource" title="Renewable resource">Renewable
resources</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Reverse_osmosis" title="Reverse osmosis">Reverse
osmosis</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Smart_grid" title="Smart grid">Smart grid</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Smart_growth" title="Smart growth">Smart growth</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Stormwater" title="Stormwater">Stormwater</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Sustainable_urban_infrastructure" title="Sustainable urban
infrastructure">Sustainable urban infrastructure</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Traffic_congestion" title="Traffic congestion">Traffic
congestion</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Transit-oriented_development" title="Transit-oriented
development">Transit-oriented development</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Urban_sprawl" title="Urban sprawl">Urban sprawl</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Waste-to-energy" title="Waste-to-energy">Waste-to-
energy</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Weatherization" title="Weatherization">Weatherization</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Wireless" title="Wireless">Wireless</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">fields<br
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<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Architecture" title="Architecture">Architecture</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Civil_engineering" title="Civil engineering">Civil
engineering</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Electrical_engineering" title="Electrical
engineering">Electrical engineering</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Mechanical_engineering" title="Mechanical
engineering">Mechanical engineering</a></li>
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economics</a></li>
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<li><a href="/wiki/Urban_planning" title="Urban planning">Urban
planning</a></li></ul>
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<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Akashi_Kaiky%C5%8D_Bridge" title="Akashi Kaikyō
Bridge">Akashi Kaikyō Bridge</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Autobahn" title="Autobahn">Autobahn</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Brooklyn_Bridge" title="Brooklyn Bridge">Brooklyn
Bridge</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/List_of_bus_rapid_transit_systems" title="List of bus rapid
transit systems">Bus rapid transit systems</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Channel_Tunnel" title="Channel Tunnel">Channel Tunnel</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/List_of_controlled-access_highway_systems" title="List of
controlled-access highway systems">Controlled-access highway systems</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Electric_power_transmission#Overhead_transmission"
title="Electric power transmission">Electric power transmission</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/List_of_high-speed_trains" title="List of high-speed
trains">High-speed trains</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Hong_Kong_International_Airport" title="Hong Kong International
Airport">Hong Kong International Airport</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Hoover_Dam" title="Hoover Dam">Hoover Dam</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Humber_Bridge" title="Humber Bridge">Humber Bridge</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Kansai_International_Airport" title="Kansai International
Airport">Kansai International Airport</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Millau_Viaduct" title="Millau Viaduct">Millau Viaduct</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Nuclear_power_by_country" title="Nuclear power by
country">Nuclear power</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/List_of_offshore_wind_farms" title="List of offshore wind
farms">Offshore wind farms</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Panama_Canal" title="Panama Canal">Panama Canal</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Port_of_Shanghai" title="Port of Shanghai">Port of
Shanghai</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/San_Francisco%E2%80%93Oakland_Bay_Bridge" title="San Francisco–
Oakland Bay Bridge">San Francisco–Oakland Bay Bridge</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Suez_Canal" title="Suez Canal">Suez Canal</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Solar_power_by_country" title="Solar power by country">Solar
power</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Three_Gorges_Dam" title="Three Gorges Dam">Three Gorges
Dam</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Trans-Alaska_Pipeline_System" title="Trans-Alaska Pipeline
System">Trans-Alaska pipeline</a></li>
<li><a href="/wiki/Transcontinental_railroad" title="Transcontinental
railroad">Transcontinental railroads</a></li></ul>
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<ul class="vector-menu-content-list"><li class="interlanguage-link
interwiki-af"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hospitaal" title="Hospitaal –
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target">Afrikaans</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-als"><a
href="https://als.wikipedia.org/wiki/Krankenhaus" title="Krankenhaus – Alemannisch"
lang="gsw" hreflang="gsw" class="interlanguage-link-target">Alemannisch</a></li><li
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‫<العربية‬/a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an"><a
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href="https://arc.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DC%92%DC%9D%DC%AC_%DC%9F%DC%AA%DC%9D%DC%97%DC
%90" title="‫ – ܒܝܬ ܟܪܝܗܐ‬Aramaic" lang="arc" hreflang="arc" class="interlanguage-
link-target">‫<ܐܪܡܝܐ‬/a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-roa-rup"><a
href="https://roa-rup.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spitalu" title="Spitalu – Aromanian"
lang="rup" hreflang="rup" class="interlanguage-link-target">Armãneashti</a></li><li
class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast"><a
href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hospital" title="Hospital – Asturian"
lang="ast" hreflang="ast" class="interlanguage-link-target">Asturianu</a></li><li
class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gn"><a
href="https://gn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tasyo" title="Tasyo – Guarani" lang="gn"
hreflang="gn" class="interlanguage-link-target">Avañe'ẽ</a></li><li
class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/X
%C9%99st%C9%99xana" title="Xəstəxana – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az"
class="interlanguage-link-target">Azərbaycanca</a></li><li class="interlanguage-
link interwiki-azb"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D8%B1%DB%8C
%D8%B6%E2%80%8C%D8%AE%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%A7" title="‫ – مریض‌خانا‬South Azerbaijani"
lang="azb" hreflang="azb" class="interlanguage-link-target">‫<تۆرکجه‬/a></li><li
class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn"><a
href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%B9%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B8%E0%A6%AA%E0%A6%BE
%E0%A6%A4%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B2" title="হাসপাতাল – Bangla" lang="bn" hreflang="bn"
class="interlanguage-link-target">বাংলা</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link
interwiki-zh-min-nan"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/P
%C4%93%E2%81%BF-%C4%AB%E2%81%BF" title="Pēⁿ-īⁿ – Chinese (Min Nan)" lang="nan"
hreflang="nan" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bân-lâm-gú</a></li><li
class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be"><a
href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BD
%D1%96%D1%86%D0%B0" title="Бальніца – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be"
class="interlanguage-link-target">Беларуская</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link
interwiki-be-x-old"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9B%D1%8F
%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BD%D1%8F" title="Лякарня – Belarusian (Taraškievica
orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" class="interlanguage-link-
target">Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-
bh"><a href="https://bh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%85%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AA
%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B2" title="अस्पताल – Bhojpuri" lang="bh" hreflang="bh"
class="interlanguage-link-target">भोजपुरी</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link
interwiki-bg"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BD
%D0%B8%D1%86%D0%B0" title="Болница – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg"
class="interlanguage-link-target">Български</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link
interwiki-br"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ospital" title="Ospital –
Breton" lang="br" hreflang="br" class="interlanguage-link-
target">Brezhoneg</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bxr"><a
href="https://bxr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%AD%D0%BC%D0%BD%D1%8D%D0%BB%D0%B3%D1%8D"
title="Эмнэлгэ – Russia Buriat" lang="bxr" hreflang="bxr" class="interlanguage-
link-target">Буряад</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca"><a
href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hospital" title="Hospital – Catalan" lang="ca"
hreflang="ca" class="interlanguage-link-target">Català</a></li><li
class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cv"><a
href="https://cv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D1%83%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BD
%D0%B8%D1%86%C4%83" title="Пульницă – Chuvash" lang="cv" hreflang="cv"
class="interlanguage-link-target">Чӑвашла</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link
interwiki-ceb"><a href="https://ceb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ospital" title="Ospital –
Cebuano" lang="ceb" hreflang="ceb" class="interlanguage-link-
target">Cebuano</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs"><a
href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nemocnice" title="Nemocnice – Czech" lang="cs"
hreflang="cs" class="interlanguage-link-target">Čeština</a></li><li
class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sn"><a
href="https://sn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chipatara" title="Chipatara – Shona" lang="sn"
hreflang="sn" class="interlanguage-link-target">ChiShona</a></li><li
class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy"><a
href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ysbyty" title="Ysbyty – Welsh" lang="cy"
hreflang="cy" class="interlanguage-link-target">Cymraeg</a></li><li
class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da"><a
href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sygehus" title="Sygehus – Danish" lang="da"
hreflang="da" class="interlanguage-link-target">Dansk</a></li><li
class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de"><a
href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Krankenhaus" title="Krankenhaus – German"
lang="de" hreflang="de" class="interlanguage-link-target">Deutsch</a></li><li
class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et"><a
href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Haigla" title="Haigla – Estonian" lang="et"
hreflang="et" class="interlanguage-link-target">Eesti</a></li><li
class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE
%9D%CE%BF%CF%83%CE%BF%CE%BA%CE%BF%CE%BC%CE%B5%CE%AF%CE%BF" title="Νοσοκομείο –
Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" class="interlanguage-link-
target">Ελληνικά</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es"><a
href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hospital" title="Hospital – Spanish" lang="es"
hreflang="es" class="interlanguage-link-target">Español</a></li><li
class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo"><a
href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malsanulejo" title="Malsanulejo – Esperanto"
lang="eo" hreflang="eo" class="interlanguage-link-target">Esperanto</a></li><li
class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu"><a
href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ospitale" title="Ospitale – Basque" lang="eu"
hreflang="eu" class="interlanguage-link-target">Euskara</a></li><li
class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa"><a
href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%DB%8C%D9%85%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%B3%D8%AA
%D8%A7%D9%86" title="‫ – بیمارستان‬Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa"
class="interlanguage-link-target">‫<فارسی‬/a></li><li class="interlanguage-link
interwiki-fr"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/H%C3%B4pital" title="Hôpital –
French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" class="interlanguage-link-
target">Français</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fy"><a
href="https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sikeh%C3%BBs" title="Sikehûs – Western Frisian"
lang="fy" hreflang="fy" class="interlanguage-link-target">Frysk</a></li><li
class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga"><a
href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ospid%C3%A9al" title="Ospidéal – Irish"
lang="ga" hreflang="ga" class="interlanguage-link-target">Gaeilge</a></li><li
class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl"><a
href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hospital" title="Hospital – Galician" lang="gl"
hreflang="gl" class="interlanguage-link-target">Galego</a></li><li
class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gan"><a
href="https://gan.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%97%85%E9%99%A2" title="病院 – Gan Chinese"
lang="gan" hreflang="gan" class="interlanguage-link-target">贛語</a></li><li
class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gu"><a
href="https://gu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AA%B9%E0%AB%8B%E0%AA%B8%E0%AB%8D%E0%AA%AA
%E0%AA%BF%E0%AA%9F%E0%AA%B2" title="હોસ્પિટલ – Gujarati" lang="gu" hreflang="gu"
class="interlanguage-link-target">ગુજરાતી</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link
interwiki-hak"><a href="https://hak.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phiang-y%C3%A8n"
title="Phiang-yèn – Hakka Chinese" lang="hak" hreflang="hak" class="interlanguage-
link-target">客家語/Hak-kâ-ngî</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-
ko"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EB%B3%91%EC%9B%90" title="병원 –
Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" class="interlanguage-link-target">한국어</a></li><li
class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy"><a
href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%80%D5%AB%D5%BE
%D5%A1%D5%B6%D5%A4%D5%A1%D5%B6%D5%B8%D6%81" title="Հիվանդանոց – Armenian" lang="hy"
hreflang="hy" class="interlanguage-link-target">Հայերեն</a></li><li
class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi"><a
href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%9A%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%BF
%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B2%E0%A4%AF" title="चिकित्सालय – Hindi"
lang="hi" hreflang="hi" class="interlanguage-link-target">हिन्दी</a></li><li
class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr"><a
href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bolnica" title="Bolnica – Croatian" lang="hr"
hreflang="hr" class="interlanguage-link-target">Hrvatski</a></li><li
class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io"><a
href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hospitalo" title="Hospitalo – Ido" lang="io"
hreflang="io" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ido</a></li><li
class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id"><a
href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rumah_sakit" title="Rumah sakit – Indonesian"
lang="id" hreflang="id" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bahasa
Indonesia</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ia"><a
href="https://ia.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hospital" title="Hospital – Interlingua"
lang="ia" hreflang="ia"
class="interlanguage-link-target">Interlingua</a></li><li class="interlanguage-
link interwiki-ie"><a href="https://ie.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hospitale"
title="Hospitale – Interlingue" lang="ie" hreflang="ie" class="interlanguage-link-
target">Interlingue</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-iu"><a
href="https://iu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%90%8B%E1%93%90%E1%93%82%E1%90%8A
%E1%95%90%E1%95%95%E1%92%83" title="ᐋᓐᓂᐊᕐᕕᒃ – Inuktitut" lang="iu" hreflang="iu"
class="interlanguage-link-target">ᐃᓄᒃᑎᑐᑦ/inuktitut</a></li><li
class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xh"><a
href="https://xh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Isibhedlele" title="Isibhedlele – Xhosa"
lang="xh" hreflang="xh" class="interlanguage-link-target">IsiXhosa</a></li><li
class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sj
%C3%BAkrah%C3%BAs" title="Sjúkrahús – Icelandic" lang="is" hreflang="is"
class="interlanguage-link-target">Íslenska</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link
interwiki-it"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ospedale" title="Ospedale –
Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" class="interlanguage-link-
target">Italiano</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he"><a
href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%91%D7%99%D7%AA_%D7%97%D7%95%D7%9C
%D7%99%D7%9D" title="‫ – בית חולים‬Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he"
class="interlanguage-link-target">‫<עברית‬/a></li><li class="interlanguage-link
interwiki-jv"><a href="https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Griya_sakit" title="Griya
sakit – Javanese" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" class="interlanguage-link-
target">Jawa</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kn"><a
href="https://kn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B2%86%E0%B2%B8%E0%B3%8D%E0%B2%AA
%E0%B2%A4%E0%B3%8D%E0%B2%B0%E0%B3%86" title="ಆಸ್ಪತ್ರೆ – Kannada" lang="kn"
hreflang="kn" class="interlanguage-link-target">ಕನ್ನಡ</a></li><li
class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk"><a
href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D1%83%D1%80%D1%83%D1%85%D0%B0%D0%BD
%D0%B0" title="Аурухана – Kazakh" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" class="interlanguage-
link-target">Қазақша</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw"><a
href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hospitali" title="Hospitali – Swahili"
lang="sw" hreflang="sw" class="interlanguage-link-target">Kiswahili</a></li><li
class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ht"><a
href="https://ht.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lopital" title="Lopital – Haitian Creole"
lang="ht" hreflang="ht" class="interlanguage-link-target">Kreyòl
ayisyen</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ku"><a
href="https://ku.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nexwe%C5%9Fxane" title="Nexweşxane – Kurdish"
lang="ku" hreflang="ku" class="interlanguage-link-target">Kurdî</a></li><li
class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky"><a
href="https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9E%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%83%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%BD
%D0%B0" title="Оорукана – Kyrgyz" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" class="interlanguage-
link-target">Кыргызча</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lad"><a
href="https://lad.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ospital" title="Ospital – Ladino" lang="lad"
hreflang="lad" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ladino</a></li><li
class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lo"><a
href="https://lo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%BB%82%E0%BA%AE%E0%BA%87%E0%BB%9D%E0%BB%8D"
title="ໂຮງໝໍ – Lao" lang="lo" hreflang="lo" class="interlanguage-link-
target">ລາວ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la"><a
href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Valetudinarium" title="Valetudinarium – Latin"
lang="la" hreflang="la" class="interlanguage-link-target">Latina</a></li><li
class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv"><a
href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Slimn%C4%ABca" title="Slimnīca – Latvian"
lang="lv" hreflang="lv" class="interlanguage-link-target">Latviešu</a></li><li
class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lb"><a
href="https://lb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spidol" title="Spidol – Luxembourgish"
lang="lb" hreflang="lb" class="interlanguage-link-
target">Lëtzebuergesch</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt"><a
href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ligonin%C4%97" title="Ligoninė – Lithuanian"
lang="lt" hreflang="lt" class="interlanguage-link-target">Lietuvių</a></li><li
class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ln"><a href="https://ln.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nd
%C3%A1ko_ya_bok%C9%94n%C9%94" title="Ndáko ya bokɔnɔ – Lingala" lang="ln"
hreflang="ln" class="interlanguage-link-target">Lingála</a></li><li
class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lmo"><a
href="https://lmo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ospedaa" title="Ospedaa – Lombard" lang="lmo"
hreflang="lmo" class="interlanguage-link-target">Lumbaart</a></li><li
class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/K
%C3%B3rh%C3%A1z" title="Kórház – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu"
class="interlanguage-link-target">Magyar</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link
interwiki-mk"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BD
%D0%B8%D1%86%D0%B0" title="Болница – Macedonian" lang="mk" hreflang="mk"
class="interlanguage-link-target">Македонски</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link
interwiki-mg"><a href="https://mg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hopitaly" title="Hopitaly –
Malagasy" lang="mg" hreflang="mg" class="interlanguage-link-
target">Malagasy</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml"><a
href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%86%E0%B4%B6%E0%B5%81%E0%B4%AA
%E0%B4%A4%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B0%E0%B4%BF" title="ആശുപത്രി – Malayalam" lang="ml"
hreflang="ml" class="interlanguage-link-target">മലയാളം</a></li><li
class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz"><a
href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D8%B3%D8%AA
%D8%B4%D9%81%D9%89" title="‫ – المستشفى‬Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz"
class="interlanguage-link-target">‫<مصرى‬/a></li><li class="interlanguage-link
interwiki-ms"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hospital" title="Hospital –
Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bahasa
Melayu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl"><a
href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ziekenhuis" title="Ziekenhuis – Dutch"
lang="nl" hreflang="nl" class="interlanguage-link-target">Nederlands</a></li><li
class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ne"><a
href="https://ne.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%85%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AA
%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B2" title="अस्पताल – Nepali" lang="ne" hreflang="ne"
class="interlanguage-link-target">नेपाली</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link
interwiki-ja"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%97%85%E9%99%A2" title="病
院 – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" class="interlanguage-link-target">日本語
</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ce"><a
href="https://ce.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9B%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%82%D0%BD
%D0%B8" title="Лазартни – Chechen" lang="ce" hreflang="ce" class="interlanguage-
link-target">Нохчийн</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no"><a
href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sykehus" title="Sykehus – Norwegian Bokmål"
lang="nb" hreflang="nb" class="interlanguage-link-target">Norsk bokmål</a></li><li
class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn"><a
href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sjukehus" title="Sjukehus – Norwegian Nynorsk"
lang="nn" hreflang="nn" class="interlanguage-link-target">Norsk nynorsk</a></li><li
class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz"><a
href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kasalxona" title="Kasalxona – Uzbek" lang="uz"
hreflang="uz" class="interlanguage-link-target">Oʻzbekcha/ўзбекча</a></li><li
class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa"><a
href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%B9%E0%A8%B8%E0%A8%AA%E0%A8%A4%E0%A8%BE
%E0%A8%B2" title="ਹਸਪਤਾਲ – Punjabi" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" class="interlanguage-
link-target">ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb"><a
href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DB%81%D8%B3%D9%BE%D8%AA%D8%A7%D9%84" title="
‫ – ہسپتال‬Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" class="interlanguage-link-
target">‫<پنجابی‬/a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl"><a
href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Szpital" title="Szpital – Polish" lang="pl"
hreflang="pl" class="interlanguage-link-target">Polski</a></li><li
class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt"><a
href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hospital" title="Hospital – Portuguese"
lang="pt" hreflang="pt" class="interlanguage-link-target">Português</a></li><li
class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro"><a
href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spital" title="Spital – Romanian" lang="ro"
hreflang="ro" class="interlanguage-link-target">Română</a></li><li
class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rmy"><a
href="https://rmy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Naslingro%27Kher" title="Naslingro'Kher –
Vlax Romani" lang="rmy" hreflang="rmy" class="interlanguage-link-target">Romani
čhib</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-qu"><a
href="https://qu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Unquna_wasi" title="Unquna wasi – Quechua"
lang="qu" hreflang="qu" class="interlanguage-link-target">Runa Simi</a></li><li
class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru"><a
href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BD
%D0%B8%D1%86%D0%B0" title="Больница – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru"
class="interlanguage-link-target">Русский</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link
interwiki-sm"><a href="https://sm.wikipedia.org/wiki/Falema%27i"
title="Falema'i – Samoan" lang="sm" hreflang="sm" class="interlanguage-link-
target">Gagana Samoa</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tn"><a
href="https://tn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sepatela" title="Sepatela – Tswana" lang="tn"
hreflang="tn" class="interlanguage-link-target">Setswana</a></li><li
class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq"><a
href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spitali" title="Spitali – Albanian" lang="sq"
hreflang="sq" class="interlanguage-link-target">Shqip</a></li><li
class="interlanguage-link interwiki-scn"><a
href="https://scn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spitali" title="Spitali – Sicilian" lang="scn"
hreflang="scn" class="interlanguage-link-target">Sicilianu</a></li><li
class="interlanguage-link interwiki-si"><a
href="https://si.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B6%86%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%9D%E0%B6%9C%E0%B7%8A
%E2%80%8D%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%81
%E0%B7%8F%E0%B6%BD%E0%B7%8F" title="ආරෝග්‍යශාලා – Sinhala" lang="si" hreflang="si"
class="interlanguage-link-target">සිංහල</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link
interwiki-simple"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hospital"
title="Hospital – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple"
class="interlanguage-link-target">Simple English</a></li><li class="interlanguage-
link interwiki-sd"><a href="https://sd.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D8%B3%D9%BE%D8%AA
%D8%A7%D9%84" title="‫ – اسپتال‬Sindhi" lang="sd" hreflang="sd" class="interlanguage-
link-target">‫<سنڌي‬/a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk"><a
href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nemocnica" title="Nemocnica – Slovak" lang="sk"
hreflang="sk" class="interlanguage-link-target">Slovenčina</a></li><li
class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl"><a
href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bolni%C5%A1nica" title="Bolnišnica – Slovenian"
lang="sl" hreflang="sl" class="interlanguage-link-target">Slovenščina</a></li><li
class="interlanguage-link interwiki-szl"><a
href="https://szl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lazaryt" title="Lazaryt – Silesian" lang="szl"
hreflang="szl" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ślůnski</a></li><li
class="interlanguage-link interwiki-so"><a
href="https://so.wikipedia.org/wiki/Isbitaal" title="Isbitaal – Somali" lang="so"
hreflang="so" class="interlanguage-link-target">Soomaaliga</a></li><li
class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb"><a
href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%86%DB%95%D8%AE%DB%86%D8%B4%D8%AE
%D8%A7%D9%86%DB%95" title="‫ – نەخۆشخانە‬Central Kurdish" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb"
class="interlanguage-link-target">‫<کوردی‬/a></li><li class="interlanguage-link
interwiki-sr"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BD
%D0%B8%D1%86%D0%B0" title="Болница – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr"
class="interlanguage-link-target">Српски / srpski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-
link interwiki-sh"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bolnica" title="Bolnica –
Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" class="interlanguage-link-
target">Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link
interwiki-fi"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sairaala" title="Sairaala –
Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" class="interlanguage-link-
target">Suomi</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv"><a
href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sjukhus" title="Sjukhus – Swedish" lang="sv"
hreflang="sv" class="interlanguage-link-target">Svenska</a></li><li
class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta"><a
href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%AE%E0%AE%B0%E0%AF%81%E0%AE%A4%E0%AF%8D
%E0%AE%A4%E0%AF%81%E0%AE%B5%E0%AE%AE%E0%AE%A9%E0%AF%88" title="மருத்துவமனை – Tamil"
lang="ta" hreflang="ta" class="interlanguage-link-target">தமிழ்</a></li><li
class="interlanguage-link interwiki-te"><a
href="https://te.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B0%B5%E0%B1%88%E0%B0%A6%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%AF
%E0%B0%B6%E0%B0%BE%E0%B0%B2" title="వైద్యశాల – Telugu" lang="te" hreflang="te"
class="interlanguage-link-target">తెలుగు</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link
interwiki-th"><a
href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B9%82%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%9E
%E0%B8%A2%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A5" title="โรงพยาบาล – Thai" lang="th"
hreflang="th" class="interlanguage-link-target">ไทย</a></li><li
class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tg"><a
href="https://tg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%BE
%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BD" title="Бемористон – Tajik" lang="tg"
hreflang="tg" class="interlanguage-link-target">Тоҷикӣ</a></li><li
class="interlanguage-link interwiki-chy"><a
href="https://chy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Naa%27%C3%A9m%C3%A2h%C3%A9%C3%B3%27o"
title="Naa'émâhéó'o – Cheyenne" lang="chy" hreflang="chy"
class="interlanguage-link-target">Tsetsêhestâhese</a></li><li class="interlanguage-
link interwiki-tr"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hastane" title="Hastane –
Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" class="interlanguage-link-
target">Türkçe</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk"><a
href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9B%D1%96%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BD%D1%8F"
title="Лікарня – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" class="interlanguage-link-
target">Українська</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur"><a
href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B4%D9%81%D8%A7%D8%AE%D8%A7%D9%86%DB%81"
title="‫ – شفاخانہ‬Urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" class="interlanguage-link-target">
‫<اردو‬/a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vec"><a
href="https://vec.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ospea%C5%82e" title="Ospeałe – Venetian"
lang="vec" hreflang="vec" class="interlanguage-link-target">Vèneto</a></li><li
class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/B
%E1%BB%87nh_vi%E1%BB%87n" title="Bệnh viện – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi"
class="interlanguage-link-target">Tiếng Việt</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link
interwiki-wa"><a href="https://wa.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ospit%C3%A5" title="Ospitå –
Walloon" lang="wa" hreflang="wa" class="interlanguage-link-
target">Walon</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vls"><a
href="https://vls.wikipedia.org/wiki/Klinieke" title="Klinieke – West Flemish"
lang="vls" hreflang="vls" class="interlanguage-link-target">West-Vlams</a></li><li
class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war"><a
href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hospital" title="Hospital – Waray" lang="war"
hreflang="war" class="interlanguage-link-target">Winaray</a></li><li
class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu"><a
href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%8C%BB%E9%99%A2" title="医院 – Wu Chinese"
lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" class="interlanguage-link-target">吴语</a></li><li
class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yi"><a
href="https://yi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A9%D7%A4%D7%99%D7%98%D7%90%D7%9C" title="
‫ – שפיטלא‬Yiddish" lang="yi" hreflang="yi" class="interlanguage-link-target">
‫<יִידיש‬/a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue"><a href="https://zh-
yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%86%AB%E9%99%A2" title="醫院 – Cantonese" lang="yue"
hreflang="yue" class="interlanguage-link-target">粵語</a></li><li
class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh"><a
href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%86%AB%E9%99%A2" title="醫院 – Chinese"
lang="zh" hreflang="zh" class="interlanguage-link-target">中文</a></li></ul>
<div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-
langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a
href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q16917#sitelinks-wikipedia"
title="Edit interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">Edit links</a></span></div>
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