Research J. Pharm. and Tech.

12(5): May 2019

ISSN 0974-3618 (Print) www.rjptonline.org

0974-360X (Online)

REVIEW ARTICLE

In-vitro cell line Models and Assay methods to study the Anti-diabetic
Activity
Justin Antony*, Satadal Debroy, Chennu Manisha, Peet Thomas, Victoria Jeyarani,
Tenzin Choephel
Department of Pharmacology, JSS College of Pharmacy, Ooty, Tamilnadu, India
(A Constituent College of JSS Academy of Higher Education and Research, India)
*Corresponding Author E-mail: justin@jssuni.edu.in
ABSTRACT:
Cases of Diabetes mellitus around the world are increasing day by day. It has been predicted that India, China
and United States will be having the largest number of diabetic patients by 2030. Therefore, the anti-diabetic
study is attracted a huge number of scientists and various in-vitro and in-vivo models has been developed for
anti-diabetic study. In drug development, the in-vitro techniques are an important method of confirming a
particular biological activity of a compound before animal experiments. In vitro cell lines are alternative to
animal models to study the particular activity of drugs. To produce more reproducible results, the in-vitro cell
lines from clonal cells, cell lines are used. Characteristics of cell lines are constantly changing because of
continuous growth of cells without any limits being its disadvantage. This review attempts to bring together all
reported in-vitro cell line models to study the anti-diabetic activity. These cell lines may prove essential for the
development of new drugs for the treatment of diabetes mellitus. Study of anti-diabetics activity of various
agents in cell line models is important for improving the knowledge and in providing a clear understanding of
pathogenesis leading to the discovery of new therapies for the disease. Many cell lines have been discovered in
past few decades for the in-vitro studies involving diabetes mellitus. The generation of cell lines may
bedecreased the number of animals used for in-vivo studies. Using cell lines for anti-diabetic studies also put
aside the painful techniques in the in-vivo studies.

KEYWORDS: Diabetes mellitus, In-vitro models, Anti-diabetic activity, Cell lines, Assays

INTRODUCTION: Therefore, it regulates the blood glucose levels. The

Diabetes Mellitus (DM) is one of the leading health Symptom of diabetes mellitus includes frequent
problems in the world. DM affected the population of the urination, increase in appetite and increased thirst.
world has tripled in number in last 40 years. The number Diabetes mellitus produces different types of
of deaths by DM in 2015 has been estimated to be 1.6 complications such as ketoacidosis, hyperosmolar hyper-
million all over the world. In recent years, many new glycemic state. However, long-term complications
therapies have been discovered and used for the include cardiovascular diseases, kidney damage, eye
treatment of diabetes mellitus [1]. diseases, stroke etc. Diabetes mellitus is mainly of three
types: Type-1, Type-2 and Gestational diabetes mellitus
Diabetes mellitus is a disease characterized by the [2].
increase the blood sugar in the human body by less use
of insulin or due to less production of insulin. Insulin is a Type-1 Diabetes mellitus:
hormone secreted by the pancreas which utilizes glucose Type-1 DM can occurs due to the improper production
to produce energy. of insulin from the pancreas. It is also called as insulin
dependent diabetes mellitus. After that, it can be
classified as immune-mediated or idiopathic. It prevents
the T-cell-mediated autoimmune attack and results in
Received on 21.12.2018 Modified on 15.01.2019 loss of function in B cell insulin. In this scenario, North
Accepted on 20.02.2019 © RJPT All right reserved
Research J. Pharm. and Tech. 2019; 12(5):2200-2206.
America and Europe are found 10% of diabetes mellitus.
DOI: 10.5958/0974-360X.2019.00367.6 Majorly, this type of diabetes mellitus attacks children
2200