Applied Statistics 3nd Year ✓

Sampling distribution
It is the probability distribution of a statistic drawn from different samples

❖ The measures that are calculated from the Population are called "Parameters"
❖ The measures that are calculated from the sample are called "statistics"

Measures Population Sample

Size N n
Mean  x
Variance 2 s2
St. deviation  s
Proportion P 

❖ When drawing a sample of size n from a population of size N in this case, we must
differentiate between two cases :

Drawing with replacement Drawing without replacement

n
N
Number of possible samples = N Number of possible samples =  
n
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⌘ Pro⨍. A El-zeiny E 20/21
Applied Statistics 3nd Year ✓

Sampling distribution of the sample mean

When drawing all possible samples from a population and measure the mean for each
sample. We find that most of these means differ from each other, so we Consider them
as a random variable.

➢ The probability distribution of sample means is called " sampling distribution of

the mean"

➢ Properties of sampling distribution of the mean :

• The mean of the sample means  X
• The standard deviation of the sample means  X

Central limit theorem

❖ If random samples of size n are repeatedly drawn from a population that has a mean
of  and a standard deviation of  , the sample means x are approximately
normally distributed for sufficiently large sample sizes ( n  30 ) regardless of the shape
of the population distribution .

❖ If the population is normally distributed , the sample means are normally distributed for
any size sample

1) The mean of the sample means :

x = x
2) The standard deviation of the sample means (Standard Error) :
Infite
  N −n
x = x = . correction
n n N −1 factor

• If Drawing with replacement • If Drawing without replacement

• If n/N < 0.05 (non significant) • If n/N > 0.05 (significant)

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Applied Statistics 3nd Year ✓

❖ If sample means are normally distributed , the z score formula applied to sample
means would be :

x − x
Z=
x
x −
=

n

Ex 1

A population has a mean of 50 and a standard deviation of 10 , if a random sample of

64 is taken , what is the probability that the sample mean is each of the following :
a) Greaterthan 52
b) Less than 51
c) Less than 47
d) between 48.5 and 52.4
e) between 50.6 and 51.3

Solution

 = 50  = 10 n = 64
 
 52 − 50 
p z 
a) p ( x 52 ) =  10 
 
 64 
= p(z 1.6 ) = 0.5 − 0.4452 = 0.0548

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Applied Statistics 3nd Year ✓

 
 51 − 50 
p z 
b) p ( x 51) =  10 
 
 64 
= p(z 0.8) = 0.5 + 0.2881 = 0.7881

 
 47 − 50 
p z 
c) p ( x 47 ) =  10 
 
 64 
= p( z −2.4 ) = p ( z 2.4 )
= 0.5 − 0.4918 = 0.0082

 
 48.5 − 50 52.4 − 50 
p ( 48.5 x 52.4 ) = p
10
z
10

d)  
 
 64 64 
= p ( −1.2 z 1.92 )
= 0.3849 + 0.4726 = 0.8575

 
 50.6 − 50 51.3 − 50 
p ( 50.6 x 51.3) = p
10
z
10

e)  
 
 64 64 
= p ( 0.48 z 1.04 )
= 0.3508 − 0.1844 = 0.1664
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Applied Statistics 3nd Year ✓

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