Professional Documents
Culture Documents
ID: 18203020
Date: 23/09/2020
Discourse Analysis on Women’s Role in Bangladeshi Advertisement 2
Introduction:
Before we talk about women’s role in Bangladeshi advertisement, we should know that
advertising is a publicity strategy where money is paid to advertise a product, service or purpose.
The purpose of ads is to attract customers who are more likely able to pay for the goods or
services of a business, and to persuade them to purchase. Every day, we are introduced to too
many commercials, perhaps the most effective educational method in society. Most people spend
a lot of time watching various kinds of advertisements on TV channels, paper and magazines as
well. The basis and economic benefit of the mass media is ads. Since teens are more drawn to
visual media, they fall prey to the messages that ads communicate. Regardless of whether or not
they portray a racist image of culture, these advertisements also reinforce prevailing cultural
ideals and behaviors. They become conscious of the stereotypic expectations of society at the
most apparent stage. Advertising produces a perfect universe where people are affluent, lean,
successful and attractive. People just dream about goods in this universe and they market such
items by building a world of illusion. So to create a fantasy world, advertisers often use female
models in almost every advertisement. Although the role of women in developing and fostering
society is inevitable, it is not acknowledged in most cases or in the media in Bangladesh. It's
society, media commercial desires, lack of knowledge, orientation and journalists' proper
literacy. The goal of the whole marketing process is to be more successful in pleasing customers.
To sell their products and services, often advertisement companies and marketers use women's
negative images like showing women physically appealing is an advertiser’s tactic/ strategy.
Discourse Analysis on Women’s Role in Bangladeshi Advertisement 3
Moreover, it is noticeable that women are being portrayed as a domestic housewife who is
responsible for household chores and family. Women's appearances in ads have undergone a
transition from housewife centric ads to work campaigns for women. Nowadays, in media as a
superwoman, women are normally present, and manage to do all the work at home and work
with the aid of the commodity, neither the help of her partner, nor her baby. But, females are
more valuable than all of their other abilities. Moreover, the images of women are usually
appealing, presenting the advertising with a suitable portrait, regardless of their value to the
Bangladeshi advertisement. I would like to explore how women in advertisement portray what
society sees as an ideal representation of her. I'll look at some TV advertisements and print
Literature Review:
Nowadays, content of advertisement has a significant impact on our decision. It has a link
to our customs and codes that regulate our society. Advertisements depict women in various
positions including mother, wife, girlfriend, sister and daughter, daughter-in-law etc. Although
women have multiple roles to play, their visibility in ads is minimal. Their primary positioning in
ads among these various positions is surrounded by either housewives or professional women.
Advertising women's portrayal is based on factors such as: unemployed, seductive, nurturing,
man-dependent, ideal, deceptive, unintelligent etc. The marketers concentrate on appearance and
picture, which is why women are more informed of weight, adopt diets of weight reduction, anti-
aging products and many other beauty items to render them beautiful. Women are a popular
feature in the ads of both male and female goods. Advertising is a dominant societal practice for
Discourse Analysis on Women’s Role in Bangladeshi Advertisement 4
us. Viewers believe that the commercials still show the right images. Some people find it fun and
a part of television that shows them styles and fashion, helps them to have some good jokes in it,
and includes great images of good music, whereas some people consider it to be a negative thing
that these ads make them do something they don't really want to do. Nevertheless, commercials
Each institute encourages gender discrimination because women are expected to conduct
gentle, emotional, and feminine work while men are encouraged to execute aggressive, heroic
acts. (Eckert and McConnell-Ginet, 2003) It is a stereotype that entails restricting individuals to a
series of character characteristics that are skewed, typically pessimistic, and emphasizes that
stereotyping eliminates, naturalizes and solves disparities. Compared to male models, they are
often in less significant positions. They are represented as in small roles and present less time in
the screen. Moreover girls were portrayed by two female symbols while the boys were depicted
through many religious, reformers, conquer and martyrs. It was discovered that women were
excluded from paid employment and their position was limited to becoming ideal women for
care and nurture. As subordinate, irrational, beautiful, emotional characters, women are
constructed without jurisdiction over events or power. On the contrary, men participate with
reason and bravery in strong and dominant positions but with minimal emotional revelation
(Cankaya, 2013). Moreover, advertisers depicted women with unrealistic appearance that is
unattainable in fact. Women are commonly portrayed as beautiful in advertising, fair, feminine,
75 percent of the ads that use women are items that are found in toilets or kitchens and 56
percent of women in advertising are seen as housewives (Gallagher, 2005). More and more
women have either done housework alone or controlled their jobs with housework over the past
Discourse Analysis on Women’s Role in Bangladeshi Advertisement 5
decade. Today most women with pre-school children are either in full or part-time jobs and
domestic tasks are being done by a rising number of husbands to compliment this. Then why
most of the ads are showing women to do all the household chores? Women continue to be
viewed as reliant on men. But there is also this kind of ads where women is successful in her job
but she cannot handle her job and house well so she need a product to continue both easily. They
show that women should clean her house and make delicious food. These gender stereotypes are
created by society and people choose to spend their lives according to those expectations as they
grow up. These commercials are chosen because the current advertisement motto is to highlight
the submissive and exploitative positions of women. It is evident from this research that women's
The underlying promotional messages stress nudity and frequently portray women as sex
objects (Nagi, 2014). Through the normal to an unattainable perfection, ads show women. They
are represented with unthinkable beauty, incredible elegance that seems unreal. By using
beautiful models, ads also depicts women as things or as empty sex objects. Ads are typically
responsible for presenting women as "sex objects" that can draw the attention and curiosity of
audiences. Sex is another feeling or emotion that brands have successfully employed in
marketing clothes, perfumes, watches, personal goods and vehicles. They are seen to be more
involved in sexual activity than men, which really offend them. The ability to exploit sexual
appeals in visual representations, copies or both may give rise to subconscious desires reflected
in the purchase of a product or service. The advertiser must then be confident that the offer, the
message, the target, the viewer and the use of sexual themes and elements all fit in order to make
Discourse Analysis: Discourse Analysis requires an analysis of the vocabulary in use. The
research is not limited to the examination of particular types of linguistics and roles in public
life, but discusses the interaction between language and its meaning. It requires both
communication and the purpose of language in 'sense' speech, and the purpose that language
plays in addressing social ties and personal attitudes. (Brown & Yule, 1983, p.1) Nearly
everyone agrees that leading the human race to establish diverse societies is the challenge of
language, each of which has particular social traditions, a way of looking at religious problems,
rules and regulations, regulatory prosecution, oral practices, company strategies and others.
(Brown & Yule, 1983, p.2) However, it should be argued that discourse is not only the use of
words, it also requires other things. Therefore, for a clearer comprehension of the language of
use, discourse is a linguistic type that needs to contend with other forms of communication
concerned. That is why, not only the interlocutors in the contact, but also their fashion,
Elements of Advertisement:
Grice's maxim: There are four types of maxim. They are: Maxim of quantity is where one tries to
be as insightful as one can possibly be and gives as much and no more detail as is needed.
Maxim of quality is where one seeks to be honest, and does not provide proof that is false or that
is not endorsed. Maxim of relation is where one seeks to be important, and says things that are
relevant to the debate. Maxim of manner is when one seeks to be as simple, as short, and as
orderly as one can in what one says, and where darkness and uncertainty are avoided.
Conversational Analysis:
Discourse Analysis on Women’s Role in Bangladeshi Advertisement 7
4. Topic conflict: When both speaker and listener talks about different topic at the same
time.
5. Post completor: When we use emm, umm, hmm, question to complete a sentence.
6. Utterance incompletor: When we use but, however, Jodi, kintu, so that etc. and don not
7. Incompletion marker: When we use although, if, since in the beginning in a complete
sentence for communicating, arranging and handling what we are saying or writing.
8. Inserted sequence: When a listener is replying to first pair part of an adjacency pair, he
Euphemism: 'Euphemism' suggests that polite terms or terms are used when expressing thoughts
that are not easy to convey or connected to some topics that are not available to the public, such
Methodology:
The central research is about conceptual linguistic devices and the effect on the audience of the
language of ads. The method of this research paper is qualitative. Both print and TVC have been
selected for this research. The advertisements are selected from various newspapers like “The
Daily Star”, “Prothom Alo”, “Jugantor, billboard and YouTube. It will gather data from both
primary and secondary sources. The primary source consists of close observation and careful
study. The Internet, books, journals and other written tools are secondary sources. This paper
Discourse Analysis on Women’s Role in Bangladeshi Advertisement 8
will show the current portrayal of women in Bangladeshi ads using a combination of literature
review, close observation and deep examination. The Three-dimensional model approached by
framework. According to Flairclough, discourse that takes place in any context should be called a
language text which can be either spoken or written; discourse practice which is linked to
development and interpretation of text and sociocultural interaction. The dispute is strongly
textual, discursive and social-cultural level. The textual research included the review of rhetorical
instruments and the language used to depict people by advertisers. The discursive research
centered on the level of text development and understanding, whilst the analysis of social culture
Data Collection Procedure: Data are obtained from newspapers, TV ads and billboards.
Code switching: In the commercials, code-switching and code-mixing are used as they add more
meaning or language to the content of the ads. For example, in clear anti dandruff shampoo tvc
the tv actress Nusraat Faria claiming, “Protidin jotoi gham, dhula ba rod er mukhomukhi hoina
keno ami thaki dandruff free karon notun clear triple anti-dandruff technology o vitamin b3
shomriddho ja scalp er gobhire giye shudhu dandruff e dur kore na, fire asha keo bondho kore.
Taai dandruff free chule, ami shobshomoi thaki confident, I’ve nothing to hide.” Here in this
advertisement they used mixed language (Bangla and English) where words and phrases mixed
up in more than one code quickly catch the customer's interest. Since English is an international
Discourse Analysis on Women’s Role in Bangladeshi Advertisement 9
language, it brings a global value to the ad when English words are used either with other
Rhythm & Rhyme: The ads often use rhythm and rhyme. As a linguistic system in the
advertisement, rhyme and rhythm are added to provide a lyrical effect. For example, in lux
beauty soap advertisement their tagline is “Shourobh emon, Robe Bohukkhon”. These two lines
used in the ad to give the ad a lyrical influence. The enticing rhythmic phrases very easily
Grice’s maxim: Most advertisement contains lies or such thing that is not possible or does not
have any strong evidence. Like in “Jui Narikel Tel” advertisement, their tagline is “Jui Narikel
Tel, romance er shuru ekhanei”. There is no proof that if we apply this hair oil our life will start
Body Spray”, their tagline is “kichu cheleder ke shobshomoi bhorosha kora jai, there are always
some cool guys”. This is maxim of relevant as this tagline is irrelevant with the product. Just
because he used body spray, it does not mean that he is trustable and women trust those boys
topic conflict method to grab attention of the consumers. For example, in Supreme washing
powder tvc, two women were talking. One woman was saying “Bhabi, Maldives e khub moja
korlen naa? Kahini kintu full bolte hobe, no half story.” Another one was saying, “Tar jonnoi toh
elam…” (This is utterance incompletor as the next speaker stopped her while talking) Then the
other woman was saying “Ei ei ki koro? (High pitch as she is raising her voice) Dadir kapor gulo
oi baltite (pointing towards the maid) Bolen bhabi” Here, she raised her voice and she was
Discourse Analysis on Women’s Role in Bangladeshi Advertisement 10
pointing at the maid while talking which is intonation for high pitch and body language for hand
gesture. Here, the word “Bhabi...” is sociocentric sequences as we call our neighbor bhaabi in
Bengali culture. Also this is topic conflict because when the speaker was talking about her trip
the other person was talking with her maid to wash the clothes in different buckets. Another
example is Rupchanda soyabean oil where Grandfather and grandson were watching stars with
telescope.
Dadu: Ota ki bolotoh? Here it is post completor sentence as he finished his sentence while asking
a question. GrandSon: Otaa? Ota toh shoptorshi mondol. Here, he used inserted sequence
Euphemism: In advertisement there are some terms are used when expressing thoughts are not
easy to convey or connected to some topics that are not available to the public like talking about
physical relation. For example, “Panther condom TVC” it shows that the wife is smelling her
husband’s shirt, she is pouring milk in the glass while smiling and gives to him, they both are
looking at the moon in the roof and then the wife says in a low tone by holding his hands “onek
raat hoyeche cholo” the husband also says with a smile “cholo”. Here they did not openly say it
was about condom but indirectly showed the intimate scene to make people understand.
Social practice and taboo: It reflects kinds of problems that are not like recognition of society or
may have an effect on various social classes and specific interactions as well (Goddard, 2002,
p.65). For example, abortion ads that prove it are possible to avoid the shame of becoming
pregnant before marriage by utilizing those pills, sanitary napkin advertising. The use of such
words that are banned in a given way is often known to be taboo. It should be remembered that
in another way, a term or concern that is unacceptable in a culture may be embraced. For
Discourse Analysis on Women’s Role in Bangladeshi Advertisement 11
example, “Panther Condom TVC” here they do not mention about sexual relationship but
indirectly tells to grab attention of consumers as talking about sexual relationship is taboo in the
society. It is interesting that in another sense, a term or topic that is taboo in a culture may be
recognized and may not be tackled as taboo. In this ad, they are using women as sex objects.
Similarly “kool deodorant body spray” ad showed that the girl is attracted by smelling men’s
perfume which is very insulting for women. Here in Bangladesh, women are depicted in vulgar
ways in many commercials. They use female models between the ages of 18-30 in most
Bangladeshi ads. They have such a sense that the icons of beauty are young girls. So they use
them in beauty products like Lux beauty soap, Fair and lovely fairness cream, Clear anti-
dandruff shampoo etc There's a general view of the attractiveness of women. She is considered
pretty although she is light-skinned. For example, “Fair and lovely body fairness cream” this ad
says that “Taai bebohar korun Fair and Lovely body fairness milk, er multi vitamin complex rod
theke bachai, de fairness expert der motoi glamorous fairness”. So, in this TVC they are showing
Moreover, it is also showed that career women can perform better in home and workplace by
using a product, like “Radhuni Chatpati Masala”. Here, this ad shows that the lady has won
award of the year in the office, but when some colleagues were talking behind her that does she
really manages her house too? She gets tensed that she cannot feed her son chatpati when he was
craving for this and kept asking her. So, her husband bought her radhuni chatpati masala and
then she will able to make chatpati and took care of her children. It means that women need a
product to take care both outside and inside which is disrespectful. Also another stereotype is
about most of the ads shows women as domestic housewife. For example, “Rupchanda Soyabean
Tel” – here the mother/ housewife has to take care of her household chores, her husband, her in
“Jui Narikel Tel” shows that women should have long black shiny hair to attract her partner.
So these advertisements showed gender stereotype like the philosophy of those ads is that
females are vulnerable, and for their protection, they still need their partners. They are still under
male domination, no matter how strong, brave, or bold a woman can appear.
Conclusion:
Too frequently, women are seen in ads that only housewives are dependent on men, sex
objects and not interested in making significant choices. The public criticism has been the
positions women play in ads. They are depicted in the ad as a sign of beauty, mother and chef,
women are inferior to men, and they are often irrelevantly depicted on ads often. The thesis
showed that advertisement perpetuates gender expectations from happy housewives to sexual
objects by using the critical discourse analysis and semiotic analysis of Flairclough. As frail,
reliant and inferior creatures, they are still represented. Both textual and visual components are
used to enhance assumptions of gender. But nowadays women are more focused and independent
Discourse Analysis on Women’s Role in Bangladeshi Advertisement 14
in their life. Thus, advertisers need to emphasize that domestic work is not the only task for
Reference:
1. Eckert and McConnell G. (2003) The Representation of Men and Women in Advertisements:
https://www.researchgate.net/publication/281237934_THE_REPRESENTATION_OF_
MEN_AND_WOMEN_IN_ADVERTISEMENTS_A_CRITICAL_DISCOURSE_ANAL
YSIS
https://s.docworkspace.com/d/ALJV74nDkdQzss7Jj5WnFA
3. Gallagher, M. 2005, More Women in Media: The Way Forward. Report of the
Global Media Monitoring Project, Woodrow Wilson International Center for Scholars.
Retrived from
https://www.researchgate.net/publication/281237934_THE_REPRESENTATION_OF_
MEN_AND_WOMEN_IN_ADVERTISEMENTS_A_CRITICAL_DISCOURSE_ANAL
YSIS
International Journal of Managerial studies and research,2 (9), 75-88. Retrived from
https://s.docworkspace.com/d/ALJV74nDkdQzss7Jj5WnFA
Discourse Analysis on Women’s Role in Bangladeshi Advertisement 15
5. Brown, G., & Yule, G. (1983). Discourse analysis. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Longman.
9. Clear Bangladesh. (2019, October 17). New Clear anti dandruff shampoo [Video]. YouTube.
https://youtu.be/d2JNWQcJ8vE
10. Ads of Bangladesh. (2017, January 23). Kool Deodorant Body Spray [Video]. YouTube.
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=54LqTfpjvY0&feature=youtu.be
11. Lux Bangladesh. (2019, June 4). Lux Beauty is our right [Video]. YouTube.
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=R7Fsa-uXIc8&feature=youtu.be
12. Ad bd. (2013, September 10). Jui Narikel Tel [Video]. YouTube. https://youtu.be/P9Xwx-
wlmiY
13. Bangladesh Edible Oil. (17-10-14). Rupchanda Soyabean Oil TVC [Video]. YouTube.
https://youtu.be/DriZ5B2zkQ8
14. Ads of Bangladesh. (18-12-18). Smart Supreme Washing Powder [Video]. YouTube.
https://youtu.be/OyeXpg54XWo
https://youtu.be/4_CqAFfpB_o
Discourse Analysis on Women’s Role in Bangladeshi Advertisement 16
16. Induscom India. (2014, September 15). Fair and Lovely Bangla TVC [Video]. YouTube.
https://youtu.be/eZQ4pGmTBvI
17. Ads of Bangladesh. (16-01-17). Panther Condom TVC- Happy Wife [Video]. YouTube.
https://youtu.be/tRRtb5TfZhg
Appendix
“Taai bebohar korun Fair and Lovely body fairness milk, er multi vitamin complex rod theke
Nusraat Faria: Protidin jotoi gham, dhula ba rod er mukhomukhi hoina keno ami thaki dandruff
free karon notun clear triple anti-dandruff technology o vitamin b3 shomriddho ja scalp er
gobhire giye shudhu dandruff e dur kore na, fire asha keo bondho kore. Taai dandruff free chule,
Husband: Ki hoyeche?
(Enters in a shop)
“Radhuni chatpati masala thakle bairer moto ghoreo apni shera performer, chatpatir shob
Purnima: Bhaabii.. Maldives e khub moja korlen naa? Kahini kintu full bolte hobe, no half story.
Purnima: Ei ei ki koro? (High pitch as she is raising her voice) Dadir kapor gulo oi baltite.
Purnima: Panite kintu chubiye rakhte hobe (pointing at the balti). Babur kapor gulo alada koro.
“Kapor joto different e hok, solution ektai supreme detergent powder, er smart agents kaporer
rong thik rekhe kaporer protiti dag sathe anti-bacterial formula kapor ke kore jibanu mukto ar
Son: noi…dosh…
Mother: Yeah..
Discourse Analysis on Women’s Role in Bangladeshi Advertisement 19
Son: Egaro..
Mother: Yeah, yeah yess! (Excited as his son won against his father)
Mother: Ghore baire oder durdanto activities e ekhon amr kono chinta nei, karon protidiner
rannai ami bebohar kori desher prothom vitamin A shomriddho Rupchanda Soyabean Tel.
“Vitamin A rog protirodhkari khomota barai, raatkana protirodh kore, chul o tokke kore shastho
ujjol. Tel er madhome amader shorir bhalobhabe vitamin A grohon kore. Vitamin A shomriddho
Mim: Life e nishchoi onekbar shunecho, eta ki porecho? eto lal lipstick? eto shaj, lomba dul,
high heels? Manush toh kotha bolbei, kintu shoundorjo amader odhikare. Ar amar shoundorjer
“Shaatti upadan shomriddho notun lux! Ja de komol o shourobhito tok bohukhon jure.”
Mithila: Oh… ami purono hoye gechi naa? Ekhon ar amake bhalolagena.
Music starts and she tries to look good to impress her husband.
Discourse Analysis on Women’s Role in Bangladeshi Advertisement 20
After not getting any attention she sits and opens her hair. Her husband got attracted by her hair.
Mithila: Ki dekho?
(He then woos her by paying attention towards her and then both are happy)
Some boys were coming to eve tease a girl in the railway station.
Siam: Ei naao… tomar elaichi cha, dhoro. Arre groom pani te dhua cup. Shubhora kintu station e
ashche.
Tasnuva: (coughs)
Siam: (Giving scarf to her) Accha, tomar thanda lagche amake bolbana?
Tasnuva: (smiles) kashchi toh shondha theke, tumi ettokhone dekhla? Nao train ashche.
“kichu cheleder ke shobshomoi bhorosha kora jai, there are always some cool guys”