CHE-205 Particle Technology

Name: Muhammad Jan

Registration No.: 19PWCHE1431
Section: B
Subject: Particle Technology
Code: CHE-205
Dated: 25th Dec, 2020
Assignment No.: 01
Assignment Title: TYPES OF CRUSHER

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➢ Crushing: Crushing is the unit operation which is used for size reduction. The term crushing is
used for the operation of subdividing or breaking of large solid pieces into small pieces or from initial size to
desired.
Methods of grinding can be selected depending on physical properties of material, the degree of largeness of
pieces and degree of decomposition. According to degree of fitness of the material is divided into large (sizes
over 500mm), medium (sizes from 500mm to 10mm), small (the size of pieces less than 10mm). There are
various ways of grinding: the abrasion, impact, crushing, cutting, chopping, bending, crushing explosive.
Basic Principles of Crushing:
1. Not to Split anything extra.
2. First to split then split up.

➢ Crushers: The equipment used for crushing are called Crushers. Slow speed machines for coarse
reduction of large quantities of solids are called crushers.
A primary crusher operates on run-of -mine material accepting anything that comes from mine face and
breaking it into 150 to 250 mm lumps. A secondary crusher reduces these lumps into particles perhaps 6mm in
size.

❖ Types of Crushers:

From the above classification Jaw Crusher and Gyratory Crusher are Primary Crushers while Cone Crusher, Roll
Crusher, and Hammer Mill are Secondary Crushers.

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1. Jaw Crusher:
a) The swinging jaw makes an angle of 200 to 300 with the fixed
jaw.
b) Feed opening may be up to 2.5m x 2.0m.
c) processing up to 1200 t/h.
d) Product size is adjusted by adjusting the gap size.
e) Crushing is done by compression.
f) 250 to 400 strokes per minute.
g) Accept feed sizes up to 48" (1200mm).
h) Product size as small as 3/4" (19mm).
Parts of Jaw Crusher: 1 – fixed cheek with the rotation axis; 2 – a movable cheek; 3, 4 – the eccentric shaft; 5 – rod; 6 – hinged
rear bearing spacer cheeks; 7 – spring; 8, 9 – width adjustment mechanism of the discharge gap; 10 – pull the lock device.

i) Based on movement of moveable jaw it can have three forms:

 Dodge Crusher:
• Lower end of moving jaw is fixed while upper end is moving
• Greater risk of Jamming
• More uniformity in product size

 Blake Crusher:
• Upper end of moving jaw is fixed while lower is moving
• No Jamming
• Less uniform product size

 Denver Crusher:
• Moveable jaw is developed in two planes so that it can
move both
• Left to right and
• Up down

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2. Gyratory Crusher:
• Conical crushing head gyrates inside a funnel-
shaped open at the top.
• Crushing head is less taped than the casing.
• Crushing head is mounted in such a way that it
has
 Wider opening in the upper section
 Narrower opening in the lower section
• Crushing head is mounted on a heavy shaft
pivoted at top of the machine.
• Eccentric drives the shaft carrying the crushing
head.
• Solids caught between the head and the casing
are brokrn and re-broken until they pass out
the bottom.
• Size of product may be varied by raising or
lowering the position of crushing head.
 Maximum feed size 2000mm
 Minimum product size 300mm
 Capacity 1000 ton/day
• The speed of the crushing head is typically 125 to 425 gyrations per minute.
• The discharge from a gyratory crusher is continuous.

3. Cone Crusher: Cone crusher and gyratory

crusher work on the same principle. Both have the
same operation. If cone crusher differs then it is only
from crushing chamber. Cone crusher has a less
steep crushing chamber and more parallel zone
between crushing zones. It breaks the rocks by
squeezing it between the gyrating spindles. These
spindles are fully covered with resistant mantle and
a manganese bowl liner covers the hopper. Rocks
get squeezed at the same moment when it enters in
between the bowl liner and mantle. Only one-time
breaking is carryout of larger pieces of rocks from
ore. Broken pieces of rocks fall down to the next
position where it is broken again. Same process
continues until the broken pieces become small
enough so that it can pass through the narrow
opening that is at the bottom of the cone crusher.

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4. Cone Crusher: The roller crusher is suitable for metallurgy, building materials, refractory materials and
other industrial sectors broken, higher hardness of the material. The series of roll crusher is mainly composed of the
roller, the roller support bearings, compaction and adjusting device and driving unit and other parts. The adjustment
of the discharging granularity: with a wedge or gasket between the two roller adjusting devices, adjusting bolt,
wedge at the top of the device when the adjusting bolt will wedge pulled up, wedge rolling activity to the top from
the fixed wheel. The roll crusher will be broken material feeding the mouth fall between two rollers, extrusion, and
finished product material nature. When the weather is good or not broken, the roll crusher roller but by hydraulic
cylinder or the role of the spring automatic, make the roll gap. Increases, quality or broken down, so as to protect
the machine from being damaged. Relative rotation of the two-roll gap to a certain extent, change the gap, can
maximum discharging granularity control products. Double roll crusher is the use of a pair of opposite rotating round
roll; four roll crushers is to use two opposite rotating round roll crushing operations. The roll crusher (to roll crusher)
applies to the cement, chemical, electric power, mining, metallurgy, building materials, refractory materials, coal
and other industries of thick, brittle block material intermediate crushing, it into the grain-size, discharging
granularity is adjustable, can fight pressure strength of 160 mpa or less materials are broken. Especially in the coal
industry, the use of native raw coal fragmentation, as long as after iron, removing impurity, without gangue
removal, can be directly to broken, broken out of material, granularity and the crushing rate is low, thereby
simplifying the coal preparation process, reduce the investment and production cost.

5. Hammer Mill: Hammer crusher consists of a high-speed, usually

horizontally shaft rotor turning inside a cylindrical casing. The crusher
contains a certain number of hammers that are pinned to the rotor disk and
the hammers are swinging to the edges because of centrifugal force. Feed is
dropped to the crusher from the top of the casing and it is crushed between
the casing and the hammers. After crushing the material falls through from
the opening in the bottom.

Parts of Hammer Mill: 11 – bed; 23 – rotor; 24 – liner plates; 25 – grate; 26

– hammer

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6. Roll Crusher:
1. Single Roll Rusher:
Typically used as primary crushers.
Impact, shear and compression.
There are no screen bars.
The clearance between the breaker plate and the roll
determines the product size.
Applications include petroleum coke, coal with rock,
coal, aggregate, limestone, chemicals, phosphate rock,
shale and many other materials.
2. Double Roll Crusher:

7. Impact Crusher: The word impact makes sense that in this particular type of crusher some
impaction is being used for crushing of rocks. In normal types of crusher pressure is generated for the crushing of
rocks. But impact crushers involve an impact method. There is a hopper one side that takes the crushing material
into the machine. All material is
carried only within a cage. This
cage has an opening on the end,
bottom and on the side. These
openings help in escaping the
pulverized material from the
impact crusher. Normally such
type of crusher is used for crushing
of materials that are not very hard
say “soft material” and materials
that are non-abrasive. For
example, limestone, coal, gypsum,
seeds etc. Impact crusher
description.

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