MICROPROJECT

TOPIC:-COTTAGE INDUSTRY
BRICK MANUFACTURING
CONCRETE HOLO BLOCK
ARTIFICAL SAND STONE CRUSHING PLANT

• THIS MICROPROJECT IS PRESENTED BY :-

NAME OF THE STUDENTS ROLL NO . ENROLLMENT NUMBER

1. SAYALI NANDKUMAR KADAM 16 2001300087

 COTTAGE INDUSTRY
• A cottage industry is a small-scale, decentralized manufacturing business often
operated out of a home rather than a purpose-built facility. Cottage industries are
defined by the amount of investment required to start, as well as the number of
people employed. They often focus on the production of labor-intensive goods but
face a significant disadvantage when competing with factory-based manufacturers
that mass-produce goods.
• A cottage industry is a small manufacturing operation, often run out of a person's
home.
• Cottage industries play a significant role in the economies of developing countries.
• Small-scale cottage industries also are an important source of employment, especially
in rural areas.
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• Example of a Cottage Industry

• Competitive dancers, figure skaters, and other similar performers often wear original,
handmade costumes. At the lowest levels of youth competition, parents might make
costumes for their children. As performers rise to higher levels of competition,
however, the demand for costumes of higher quality grows, creating opportunities for
the most highly skilled costume designers to fill those demands. If skilled enough,
designers who began by creating costumes for their own children and maybe a few
others can end up creating a cottage industry for themselves.
• Designers who have costumes worn by top competitors in the sport can see increased
demand for their original creations. Even at regional levels in these sports, there are
designers who create names for themselves with their costumes and can be very
successful within such a niche market.
 BRICK MANUFACTURING
• In the process of manufacturing of bricks, the following “Preparation of clay,
Moulding, Drying and Burning“distinct operations are involved.
• Preparation of clay
• Moulding
• Drying
• Burning
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It is called a concrete block machine when it produces solid concrete blocks. When you use
interlocking molds in your production line, it is called an interlocking brick machine.
 CONCRETE HOLLOW BLOCKS
• Concrete blocks are rectangular concrete masonry units either, solid (other than units
used for bonding, such as a half-block) or hollow (open or closed cavity). Concrete blocks
come in modular sizes and vary by country. Yet, their size and mass will be such that one
can handle them easily. Moreover, to avoid confusion with slabs and panels, the height of
the blocks should not exceed either its length or six times its width.
• Solid concrete blocks are made from aggregate, Portland cement and sand. These blocks
have a solid material, not less than 75% of the total volume of the block calculated from
the overall dimensions. Hence, they are heavy in weight. These blocks provide good
stability to the structure. So, these blocks are used for a large work of masonry. They are
used in the load-bearing walls as well as the non-load bearing walls. Solid blocks are
available in large sizes as compared to the conventional bricks. Therefore, less time is
required to construct concrete block masonry than brick masonry.
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 ARTIFICAL SAND STONE CRUSHING PLANT
• The artificial sand produced by proper machines can be a better substitute to river sand. The sand should be
sharp, clean and course. The grains should be of durable material. The grain sizes must be such that it
should give minimum voids. The presence of clay and silt retards the setting of the cement and makes the
mortar weaker and the walls or the slab leaks and holds dampness.
The sand in the mortar does not add any strength but it is used as an adulterant for economy and with the
same it prevents the shrinkage and cracking of mortar in setting. The sand must be of proper gradation ( it
should have particles from 150 microns to 4.75 mm in proper proportion) When fine particles are in proper
proportion, the sand will have less voids. The cement required will be less when there will be less void in
sand. Such sand will be more economical.
Only sand manufactured by V.S.I. Crusher is cubical and angular in shape. Sand made by other types of
machines is flaky , which is troublesome in working. There is no plasticity in the mortar. Hence the mason
are not ready to work with machine made crushed stone sand. For the same reason inferior river sand may
be used. Manufacturing sand from jaw crusher, cone crusher, roll crusher often contains high percentage of
dust and have flaky particle. Flaky and angular particles may produce harsh concrete, and may result in
spongy concrete.
There is standard specification for Fine aggregates (Sand). It is divided in four gradations. Generally known
as Zone I, Zone II, Zone III and Zone IV. There is sieve Designation for each grade. Gradation is made as per
the use of the sand. There are testing sieves for testing the sand. A set of Sieves with square hole is
available. Followings are the sieves
• 4.75 mm, 2.365, 1.1830, 600 microns, 300 microns, 150 microns
• Pan
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• Jaw crushers
• Jaw crushers are mainly used as primary crushers. Their main purpose is to reduce the
material to a small enough size that it can be transported by conveyors to the next crushing
stages.
• As the name suggest, jaw crushers reduce rock and other materials between a fixed and a
moving jaw. The moving jaw is mounted on a pitman that has a reciprocating motion, and
the fixed jaw stays put. When the material runs between the two jaws, the jaws compress
larger boulders into smaller pieces.
• There are two basic types of jaw crushers: single toggle and double toggle. In the single
toggle jaw crusher, an eccentric shaft is on the top of the crusher. Shaft rotation causes,
along with the toggle plate, a compressive action.
• A double toggle crusher has two shafts and two toggle plates. The first shaft is a pivoting
shaft on the top of the crusher, while the other is an eccentric shaft that drives both toggle
plates.
• The chewing movement, which causes compression at both material intake and discharge,
gives the single toggle jaw better capacity, compared to a double toggle jaw of similar size.
Metso’s jaw crushers are all single toggle.
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• Gyratory crushers
• Gyratory crushers are frequently used in the primary crushing stage and a little less
often in in the secondary stage.
• Gyratory crushers have an oscillating shaft. The material is reduced in a crushing cavity,
between an external fixed element (bowl liner) and an internal moving element
(mantle) mounted on the oscillating shaft assembly.
• The fragmentation of the material results from the continuous compression that takes
place between the liners around the chamber. An additional crushing effect occurs
between the compressed particles, resulting in less wear of the liners.
• The gyratory crushers are equipped with a hydraulic setting adjustment system, which
makes it possible to regulate the gradation of the crushed material.
 THANKYOU
• Special thanks to Mrs. Oberoi madam