PHILIPPINE AIR FORCE

AIR FORCE RESERVE COMMAN

5TH AIR RESERVE CENTER
TH
528 DEPARTMENT OF AIR SCIENCE AND TACTICS
NEGROS ORIENTAL STATE UNIVERSITY
NORSU MAIN CAMPUS II, BAJUMPANDAN DUMAGETE CITY.

LESSON 1: MILITARY COURTESY & DISCIPLINE

Military discipline is a state of order and obedience existing within a command. It involves
the ready subordination of the will of the individual for the good of the group. Military discipline is
an extension and specialized application of the discipline which demands habitual but reasoned
obedience that preserves initiative and functions unfalteringly even in the absence of the
commander. Military Diciplineis that mental attitude and state of training which renders
obedience and proper conduct instinctive in all conditions, respect for and loyalty to properly
constituted authority and smartness of appearance and action

Military Courtesy is the extension or manifestation for others, recognition of the

responsibility and authority of a senior’s position that extends to a junior as the essential part that
the latter plays as a member of the military team. SALUTE most important form of military
courtesy, it is executed by raising the right hand smartly until the tip of the forefinger touches the
front brim of the headgear when covered.
Discipline is created within a command by instilling a sense of confidence and
responsibility in each individual.
Discipline demands correct performance of duty. The need for discipline is best inculcated in an
individual by appealing to his sense of reason. In a few instances where appeal to reason fail, the
use of punishment is effective in causing the recalcitrant individual to conform and perhaps
appreciate the need for discipline. Coordination and earned praise from senior to his subordinate,
either individually or collectively, for tasks well done serve to strengthen the disciplinary bonds
which bind together the smooth functioning team.

RULES OF RENDERING HAND SALUTE

1. The salute is required inside and outside military installations during on and off office
hours.
2. Persons Entitled to Salute
(a.) A commissioned Officer of the AFP both male and female.
(b.) Commissioned Officers of friendly nations when they are recognized as such.
3. The salute is rendered at a distance of about 6 paces from the person saluted and at a
recognition distance that is about 10 paces.
4. The salute must be returned by those entitled to it. It is not rendered when running but at
a halt or walk.Never salute with cigarette or pipe in mouth. Salute is exchanged whether
individuals are covered or uncovered.
5. The salute is rendered once if the senior remains in the immediate vicinity and no
conversation takes place.If a conversation takes place, the junior again salutes the senior
when they part from each other.
WHEN NOT TO SALUTE
1. . While at work, in case the officer calls for a soldier who is not working, the soldier stops
working, approaches and salute him/her and again when they part from each other.
2. When carrying articles with hands or being so occupied as to make saluting impractical.
3. Standing at a horse or leading a horse.
4. . In case of doubt due to absence of specific instructions, the salute is rendered.

REPORTING TO AN OFFICER

The salute is rendered by a junior when reporting to a senior, he also salutes before leaving.
1. . In Reporting indoors without arms, a soldier removes his headgear, knock at the
door of the office of the officer, & enter when told to do so.Upon entering, he halts
at about two paces from the officer & salute & say, “Sir Sgt so and so reporting for
instructions. The salute is maintained until he completes his report, and the
officer has returned salute.
2. In Reporting indoors under arms, The procedure or reporting is the same as above
except that the soldier remains covered and if carrying a rifle, the soldier carries it
and salute.
3. In Reporting outdoors, The procedure or reporting outdoors is the same as
discussed above, except that the headgear is not removed. If with a firearm, the
rifle should be carried at trail at the right shoulder. The hand salute is given as the
case may be.
4. In Reporting for Pay, A soldier reporting for pay answers “Here” when his time is
called, approaches, salute the officer paying. He picks up and counts his money
and leaves without saluting.

OTHER COURTESIES TO INDIVIDUAL

1. When an officer enters a room or tent, officers junior to him and enlisted men
present will uncover (if unarmed) and stand at attention until the officer directs
otherwise or leaves the room. When more than one individual are present, the
first one who recognize the officer will command “Attention” or “Tzun” loud
enough to be heard by everybody present.
2. When an officer enters a room or tent used as office, workshop, or recreation
room, those at work or at play are not required to come to attention unless
addressed by the officers.
3. When accompanying a senior, a junior walks or rides on his left, except when
accompanying a senior during inspection.
4. When entering the car or small boat, the junior goes in first and others follow in
the inverse order or rank. In getting off, the senior goes out first.

HONOR TO THE NATIONAL ANTHEM OR THE COLOR

1. Outdoors - Whenever and wherever the National Anthem or to the Colors is

played, military personnel not in formation must observe the following:
 (a.) At the note of the music all personnel present will face the music, stand at
attention and render the prescribed salute, the salute are retained until the last
note of the music.
(b.)An individual leading or standing on horse will stand at attention but does not
salute.
(c.) Vehicles in motion will be brought to a halt. Persons riding in a passenger car
or a motorcycle will dismount and salute as described earlier.
(d.)The above respect to the national color is rendered to the National Anthem or
Color of friendly Nations.

2. Indoors - When the National Anthem is played officers and men will stand at
attention and face the flag if any but do not salute.

DISPLAYED AND SALUTE THE FLAG

1. The Philippine Flag represent our nation and should be given a place of honor.The
National Flag is never dipped for salute, nor it is permitted touch the ground. It is
not used as a costume, dress, or a drapery. No lettering of object should be placed
on it.
2. Flag is displayed in the following manner, When hoisted at the flagpole, it should
be hoisted fully to the top of the pole; blue part above. During mourning, the flag
is raised at the half mast.When the national flag is displayed with another flag,
whether they are standing side by side or with their staffs crossed, the national
flag is at the right side, the blue part up.

When placed in vertical manner, the triangle is up, the blue color at the right.
When displayed in horizontal position, the triangle is at the right side, with blue
part above.
When displayed over the casket, the triangle is in the direction of the head of the
cadaver, with blue part on the right.
During the funeral – loaded to vehicle (feet) – tomb (head).

GUN SALUTE TO VIP

ARRIVAL DEPARTURE

PRESIDENT 21 21

EX PRESIDENT 21 21

V- PRESIDENT 19 19

DEFENSE SEC

CABINET MEM
 CHIEF OF STAFF 19 19

FORMER CS 19 19

LT GENERAL 15 15

MAJ GENERAL 13

BRIG GENERAL 11

NOTE: WHEN IN DOUBT, SALUTE!

Instruction: After answering ACTIVITY 1 &2, for your ACTIVITY 3 Kindly discuss or elucidate your
answer. Discuss the salient features or summarize the important ideas that you have understand
or learned from the different topics. Write all of your answers in a Long Bond paper and it must be
a handwritten output.

ACTIVITY 1: ENUMARATIONS. Identify the answer of the questions below and write your answer in one whole
yellow pad.

1. Give five (5) rules in rendering hand salute.

2. What are the exemptions of when not to salute?
3. Who are those entitled to execute a special Gun Salute?

ACTIVITY 2 : DEFINITION OF TERMS. Based on your understanding of the lesson, define the ff terms:

1. MILITARY COURTESY
2. MILITARY DISCIPLINE
3. MILITARY COURTESY AND DISCIPLINE
4. SALUTE
5. GUN SALUTE
 LESSON 2. MILITARY LEADERSHIP

WHAT IS LEADERSHIP??

Leadership is not something you do to people. It’s something you do with people.
-Ken Blanchard
The Heart of a Leader
OBJECTIVE
To provide the student a working knowledge on the different factors that will guide him to
become a successful leader capable of attaining the ultimate objective of accomplishing the
mission.

WHAT IS MILITARY LEADERSHIP??

IS THE ART OF INFLUENCING AND DIRECTING MEN IN SUCH A WAY AS TO OBTAIN

THEIR RESPECT, OBEDIENCE, CONFIDENCE, AND LOYAL COOPERATION IN ORDER TO ACCOMPLISH
THE MISSION.

MILITARY LEADERSHIP IS AN ART; AS SUCH IT IS NOT INHERENT. ALTHOUGH THERE

ARE SOME INDIVIDUALS WHO ARE BORN LEADERS OF MEN. GOOD LEADERSHIP IS DEVELOPED
NOT BY LEARNING, BUT BY LEADING. THE ART OF LEADERSHIP IS PERFECTED ONLY BY
CONSTANT APPLICATION AND PRACTICE.

OBJECTIVE OF MILITARY LEADERSHIP

THE ULTIMATE OBJECTIVE OF MILITARY LEADERSHIP IS THE ACCOMPLISHMENT OF

THE MISSION.

FOUR LEADERSHIP INDICATORS

1. MORALE - It is the state of mind of the individual members of the unit.

The Key to developing people is to catch them doing something right.

Ken Blanchard & Spencer Johnson, The Heart of a Leader

2. DISCIPLINE - The individual or group attitude that insures prompt obedience to orders
and the initiation of appropriate action in the absence of orders.

• Different strokes for different folks.

• Different strokes for the same folks.
Ken Blanchard, Patricia Zigarmi & Drea Zigarmi
The Heart of a Leader
 3. ESPRIT-DE-CORPS - The loyalty, pride and the enthusiasm for a unit shown by its
members.

Knowing where you’re going is the first step to getting there.

Purpose can never be about achievement; It is much bigger.
Ken Blanchard
The Heart of a Leader

4. PROFICIENCY - the technical, tactical and physical ability of the members and the entire
unit in general.

Take what you do seriously but yourself lightly.

Ken Blanchard & Terry Waghorn, Mission Possible
5. RESPONSIBILITIES OF A LEADER -
1. The accomplishment of the mission
2. To look out for the welfare of his men.

FIVE (5) ROLES OF A MILITARY LEADER

1. AS A MODEL SOLDIER AND COMMANDER - An individual soldier learns best by imitating

his leader. A leader greatly influences and controls the behavior of his men by the
examples he sets.
2. AS AN INSTRUCTOR - Every leader must be a teacher to his men. The more proficient he
is as an instructor, the better leader he becomes to his subordinates.
3. AS A PERSONNEL TECHNICIAN - There is a close relationship between job assignment and
morale. With this in mind, a leader must see to it that the right personnel are assigned on
the right job.
4. AS A COUNSELLOR - Counseling materially affects the morale and efficiency of the men. As
a counselor, a leader can establish a good direct relationship with his men.
5. AS A CUSTODIAN OF MEN’S WELFARE - The morale and more importantly, the efficiency
of the men directly depends on their well- being.

Distinguishing qualities which when constantly demonstrated by a leader in his daily

association with his men, help him earn the respect, confidence, willing obedience and loyal
cooperation of his men.

FOURTEEN (14) LEADERSHIP TRAITS

 1. KNOWLEDGE
- Inspires confidence and respect of the men. Your knowledge as a leader should not be
limited to a military subjects only.
2. COURAGE
- It is a quality of a mind that gives a man control over himself, enabling him to accept
responsibility and to act properly even when under threatening situations
3. INITIATIVE
- The quality of leader where in upon seeing what needs to be done, immediately
commences a course of action even without being told by his superiors.
4. DECISIVENESS
- This is the ability of a leader to make decisions promptly and then express them in clear
and forceful manner.
5. TACT
- The ability of a leader to say and do the proper thing at the right time and in the proper
way.
6. JUSTICE
- The quality of a leader being impartial and consistent in exercising command.
7. DEPENDABILITY
- It is the certainty of proper performance of duty.
8. BEARING
- A leader by his bearing, tends to establish the standard which his subordinates may
emulate.
9. ENDURANCE
- Can withstand pain, fatigue, distress and hardship and still be able to perform his
functions properly. It is also the state of the leader’s mental and physical stamina.
10. ENTHUSIASM
- This is a leader’s display of sincere interest and zeal in the performance of his duties.
11. UNSELFISHNESS
- Unselfish leader is one who avoids providing for his own comfort and personal
advancement at the expense of others.
12. INTEGRITY
- It is the uprightness of character and the soundness of moral principles displayed by a
leader.
13. LOYALTY
- Characterized by faithfulness to both his seniors and subordinates to his unit, to the
country.
14. JUDGEMENT
- It is the quality of logically weighing facts and possible solutions on which to base sound
decisions.

ELEVEN (11) MILITARY LEADERSHIP PRINCIPLES

- Following are the basic principles of leadership which you should strive to practice
when commanding a unit or leading a group:

1. BE TECHNICALLY AND TACTICALLY PROFICIENT

- Sometimes when the numbers look right the decision is still wrong.
Norman Vincent Peale (The Power of Ethical Thinking)
2. KNOW YOURSELF AND SEEK SELF-IMPROVEMENT
- Constantly evaluate yourself and learn to recognize your own strengths and
weaknesses. You must know your own capabilities and limitations.

3. KNOW YOUR MEN AND LOOK OUT FOR THEIR WELFARE

- Have a better understanding of how your men react and function under various
conditions.

4. KEEP YOUR MEN INFORMED

- Within the limits of security requirements, you must keep your men informed. This
practice encourages initiative, improves teamwork and enhances morale

5. SET THE EXAMPLE

- Your individual appearance and conduct must elicit from your subordinates respect,
pride and a desire to meet the standards you set

6. ENSURE THAT THE TASK IS UNDERSTOOD BY YOUR MEN

- To ensure that your orders are carried out properly and promptly you must supervise
their execution

7. TRAIN YOUR MEN AS A TEAM

- Teamwork is the key to successful preparation and its is largely developed through
training.

8. MAKE SOUND AND TIMELY DECISION

- Develop the ability to make rapid estimate of the situation and arrive at a sound
decision

9. DEVELOP A SENSE OF RESPONSIBILITY IN YOUR SUBORDINATE

- Delegate authorities to commensurate with responsibility to develop mutual
confidence and respect between you and your subordinates

10. EMPLOY YOUR COMMAND IN ACCORDANCE WITH ITS CAPABILITIES

- You must have thorough knowledge of the capabilities and limitations of your
command, if you are to employ it properly

11. SEEK RESPONSIBILITY AND TAKE RESPONSIBILITY FOR YOUR ACTIONS.

- Always feel responsible for all your unit does or fails to do
LESSON2 ACTIVITY 1: BASED ON YOUR UNDERSTANDING FROM THE READINGS ABOVE, BRIEFLY
DISCUSS YOUR ANSWERS ON THE FOLLOWING QUESTIONS. WRITE YOUR ANSWERS ON A
YELLOWPAD PAPER AND UPLOAD IT TO YOUR RESPECTIVE GCS ON OR BEFORE DEC 19 2020.
INDICATE YOUR CAMPUS, SUBJECT, SECTION AND FULLNAME.

1. Define military leadership? (200 WORDS)

2. Difference between Military Leadership and Civilian Leadership Strategy? (200 WORDS)
3. Why does good leadership only develop only by leading and not only by learning? (200
WORDS)
4. What are the four leadership indicators? Explain each.
5. Define Esprit-De-Corps? (200 WORDS)
6. What is the importance of the fourteen leadership traits when applied to our daily life?
(200 WORDS)
7. What are the five roles of a Military Leader? Define each role.
8. What is true Courage? Define how true courage works. (200 WORDS)
9. How does knowledge enhances a leader? (200 WORDS)
10. What is the important knowledge a leader should have? (200 WORDS)

MERRY CHRISTMAS!!
GOODLUCK AND GOD BLESS!