MILITARY COURTESY AND DISCIPLINE

Intended Learning Outcomes:

1. Know the historical background of military hand salute.

2. Understand and perform the correct execution of hand salute.
3. Enumerate and discuss the rules in rendering the hand salute.
4. Identify and demonstrate on how to honor our National Anthem and Flag.
5. Recite and internalize our Panunumpa sa Watawat ng Pilipinas.

I.Learning Resources: 1987 Philippine Constitution, ROTC Common Module, Power point
illustration/slides, video presentation and online resources.

II. Teaching and Learning Activities: Online (Google classroom) discussion using our Learning
Module, Reporting, Think and Share.

III. Learning Concepts:

MILITARY COURTESY AND DISCIPLINE

Courtesy is the expression or manifestation of consideration for the right of others. Courtesy
means more than merely obeying the forms of polite conduct. It is a deep-rooted spirit of friendliness
and mutual respect. It is a virtue that is expected of all individuals from all walks of life. In the Armed
Forces, courtesy is a great requirement because it is the base upon which military discipline stands.
In the military life, where individuals are required to live and work together more intimately than
civilian life and where cooperative effort is all important, courtesy is of vital importance in promoting
coordination and developing a proper esprit-de-corps.

Without courtesy and respect among members of an organization, there would be no discipline
and when discipline disappears, the organization will lose its orderliness and later disintegrate.
Furthermore, courtesy promote good relationships, closer coordination and teamwork among
members of the organization, and it makes the organization dignified and insures good relations with
the public.

Courtesy is shown to all, to juniors and as well as to seniors. The courtesy shown to a senior is
recognition of the responsibility and authority of his position. That shows a junior acknowledges the
essential part he plays as a member of the military team.
History of Military Salute

Since prehistoric time, men of arms have used the salute not only as a gesture of greetings,
but also to express mutual trust and respect. Saluting has always been a privilege enjoyed only by
soldiers in honourable standing.

The custom of saluting with the right hand dates back to the dark days of early history, when
all men went armed and all strangers were possible enemies. In the age chivalry the knights were all
mounted and wore steel armor which covered the entire body including the face. When two friendly
knights met it was custom for each to raise the visor and expose his face to the other. This was
always done with the right hand. The left hand being used to hold the reins. It was a significant
gesture of friendship and confidence, since it exposed the features and also removed the sword hand
from the vicinity of the weapon.

The salute is the simplest form of military courtesy. The manner of executing the salute is an
indication of the individual’s attitude toward his duties as a military man and the state of training and
morale in unit which he is a member. It should be executed willingly and smartly, it indicates the pride
in himself and his unit and confidence in his ability to perform his military duties well.

A sloppy, grudging salute indicates neglect or ignorance to his duties, lack of confidence in his
ability to perform them, lack of pride in the military team of which he is a member, a stubborn, defiant
spirit unsuited to cooperate with others in a common effort or some similar deficiency which marks
him as a poor soldier and his unit as a poor unit from which the best results cannot be expected in
combat.

Execution of the Hand Salute

It is executed by raising the right hand

smartly until the tip of the forefinger touches the
right eyebrow or the brim of the head gear when
covered. Fingers are extended and joined, palm
facing the left forearm inclined at an angle of about
45 degrees and the right upper arm
horizontal. A person saluting looks at the person
saluted. When the salute is returned, he drops
the right hand smartly to the side.
Rules in Rendering the Hand Salute

1. The salute is required on and off military installation during and outside hours.
2. Persons entitled to the salute:
a. All commissioned officers of the AFP, both male and female.
b. Commissioned officers of friendly nations when they are recognized as such.
3. The salute is rendered at a distance of about 6 paces from the person saluted or at a
recognition distance which is about 30 paces.
4. The salute must be returned by those entitled it. It is not rendered when running but at halt or
walk. Never salute with cigarette, cigar or pipe in the mouth. The salute should not be
executed in a haphazard or perfunctory manner. Salutes are exchanged whether individuals
are covered or uncovered.
5. The salute is rendered but once but also if the senior remains in the immediate vicinity and no
conversation take place. If a conversation takes place, the junior again salutes the senior when
they part from each other.
6. In making reports, the person reporting salutes first regardless of rank.
7. When not to salute:
a. Standing to a horse or leading to a horse.
b. While at work or in a public conveyance. In case the officer calls for a soldier who is
working, the latter approaches and salutes him, and again when they part from each
other.
c. Indoors, except when reporting to an officer or when the soldier is on duty as a sentinel
or guard.
d. When carrying an article on both hands or being so occupied as to make saluting
impractical.
e. When riding in a fast moving vehicle and the other is dismounted, the salute is not
rendered. Exceptions are when the vehicle is clearly marked to indicate a general officer
and saluting is a part of a ceremony.
f. When meeting a prisoner of war. Soldiers serving as military prisoners are not entitled
to salute.
g. When engaged in actual games and athletic competitions.
8. When entering a vehicle, the junior rank soldier goes in first and the others follow in inverse
order of rank. In getting off the vehicle, the senior goes out first and the others follow in the
order of rank.
9. When a senior officer is entering a room or office, junior officers and women/men present will
stand at attention. They remain at attention until the senior officer directs otherwise of calls “At
ease” or leaves the room. When more than one individual is present (classroom/workshop),
the first one who sees the officer entering should shout “Attention” loud enough to be heard by
everybody present.
10. A junior officer who is accompanying a senior officer should walk or ride on her/his left.
11. When a junior officer enters a room where a senior officer is inside, she/he uncovers, salutes
and waits for the acknowledgement of the salute then proceeds to enter.
12. On field formation, cadettes/cadet or individuals do not salute except at the command ‘Present
Arms”. The salute is acknowledged by the one in charge of the group.
13. Whenever the Philippine National Anthem is played or an honor to the color (standard) is
played, all those present should stand at attention and face towards the direction of the music
and render the salute at the first note of the music. Civilians will just have to put the open palm
at the left breast. If riding a moving vehicle, the engine should be turned off and a salute
should be executed. If the National Anthem is being played indoors, all officers and non
officers should stand at attention, face the direction of the music that is being played and
salute only under arms.
14. In case of doubt, due to the absence of specific instructions, the salute is rendered.
Reporting to an officer

The salute is always rendered by the junior when reporting to a senior. He also salutes before
leaving.

1. When reporting indoors without arms, the soldier removes his headgear, knocks twice at the
door of the office, enters when told to do so and approaches the office. He positions himself
two paces in front of the table of the officer concerned and reports as follows: Cadette/cadet
(name) requests permission to talk to you sir. Upon the termination of the conversation, he
also salutes and says: Cadette/cadet (name) requests permission to leave sir.
2. When reporting indoors underarm, the procedure is the same as no. 1 except that the soldier
remains covered. The rifle salute is executed if a rifle is carried; otherwise the salute is used.
3. Reporting outdoor, the soldier halts three paces from the officer concerned, render the
hand/rifle salute and says: Cadette/cadet (name) reporting sir and upon the termination of the
conversation the cadette/cadet render the hand/rifle salute and says: cadette/cadet (name)
requests permission to leave sir and execute about face.
4. Saluting in groups- not in formation- On the approach of an officer superior in rank a group of
individuals not in formation is called to attention by the first person noticing him and all come
smartly to attention. The most senior in rank among the group will be the one to render the
hand salute in behalf of the group.

Honors to the National Anthem and Flag

Article XVI, Section 1 (General Provision) of the 1987 Philippine Constitution states: The flag of
the Philippines shall be red, white and blue, with a sun and three stars, as consecrated and honored
by the people and recognized by law. A Filipino citizen must at all times be loyal to the Republic,
honor the Philippine Flag and National Anthem.

1. Outdoors – the following must be observed

whenever and wherever the National
Anthem is played.
a. When the national anthem is being
played, all dismounted personnel should
face the direction of the music, stand at
attention and salute. The salute ends at
the last note of the Philippine National
Anthem.
b. The salute is, likewise to be exhibited
when the anthem of any friendly nation
is being played.

c. During street parades, the national color is carried and exhibited at the right side of the
other institutional colors. All persons present during the parade and review should stand at
attention as the colors pass.

They should also oberve the following:

a. Those in military attire should render the hand salute.

b. Those who are not in uniform (military attire) should take off their headgears.
c. Women should, likewise show their respect by placing their right hand on the left side of
their chests.
d. In any ceremony, the national flag should not be allowed to touch the ground. Proper
handling and care should be given.
e. When the flag is being hoisted at the flagpole, the blue color should be above except in
times when the red is positioned over the blue color.

f. During a national mourning, the flag is

hoisted to the top of the pole then very slowly
lowered until reaches the middle of the pole.
The flag is at half-mast and is usually
observed when a national figure dies.

g. When placed in vertical position, the triangle that holds the sun and the stars should be
on top, with the blue color on the right side.

h. When displayed over a casket, the triangle should be in the direction of the cadaver’s
head, the blue stripe in the right, the red to the left of the
deceased.

i. When on horizontal display (spread on the wall), the triangle is at the right side, with the
blue color on top.
j. During the Philippine Flag Day, Filipinos should show their patriotic spirit and respect for
the national color by displaying the flag outside their homes, offices and schools.
Everyone should take a moment to salute the country’s symbols of pride and freedom.
All freedom-loving Filipinos are encouraged to recite the Pledge to the colors
(Panunumpa sa Watawat) as a manifestation of unity and patriotism.

Panunumpa sa Watawat ng Pilipinas

Ako ay Pilipino
Boung katapatang nanunumpa
Sa watawat ng Pilipinas
At sa bansang kanyang sinasagisag
Na may dangal, katarungan at kalayaan
Na pinakikilos ng sambayanang
Maka-Diyos
Maka-Tao
Makakalikasan at
Makabansa
 NATIONAL FLAG LAW (R.A. 8491)

R.A. 8491 FLAG AND HERALDIC CODE OF THE PHILIPPINES

Intended Learning Outcomes:

1. Deepen their values and respect to our National Flag as mandated by our Constitution.
2. Identify and discuss the meaning of the four colors of our Flag.
3. Recognize and demonstrate the proper display of our Flag.
4. Develop and establish reverence to our Flag.
5. Identify and discuss the different prohibited acts to our Flag.
6. Familiarize the meaning and uphold respect to our National Anthem.
7. Enumerate and discuss our National Motto.
8. Recognize and explain our National Coat-of-Arms.

I. Learning Resources: 1987 Philippine Constitution, MSU-IIT NSTP Module, video presentation.
power point illustration/slides and online resources.

II. Teaching and Learning Activities: Online (Google classroom) discussion using the CAT Module,
Reporting, Think and Share.

III.Learning Concepts:

AN ACT PRESCRIBING THE CODE OF THE NATIONAL FLAG, ANTHEM, MOTTO, COAT-OF-
ARMS AND OTHER HERALDIC ITEMS AND DEVICES OF THE PHILIPPINES

The Philippines is composed of diverse ethno-linguistic groups. With this, it is hard to

encourage oneness among the people. It is in this premise that nationalism is encouraged among our
students with the provision in section 17, Article 2 of the 1987 Constitution. It states that “the state
shall give priority to education, science and technology, arts, culture and sports to foster patriotism
and nationalism accelerate social progress and promote total human liberation and development”.

There is no true total human liberation and development if one does not acknowledge and give
due respect to the state of which one belongs. It is due to these that RA 8491 was enacted to give
emphasis to our obligation towards our state.

The National Flag represents the sovereignty and national solidarity of the country. It is
impertinent that one should give reverence and respect to the Flag and other national symbols. This
is the main reason why the Philippine government has formulated and implemented Republic Act
8491 or otherwise known as the Flag and Heraldic Code of the Philippines.

The National Flag

Article XVI, Section 1, (General Provision) 1987 Philippine Constitution states: The flag of the
Philippines shall be red, white and blue with a sun and three stars, as consecrated and honoured by
the people and recognized by law. A Filipino citizen must at all times be loyal to the Republic, honor
the Philippine Flag and National Anthem.
Proper Display of the Flag

1. If flown from a flagpole, its blue field on top in time of peace and the red field on top in time of
war;

2. If in a hanging position, the blue field shall be to the left

(observer's point of view) in time of peace, and the red
field to the left (observer's point of view) in time of war. If
in a hanging position, the blue field shall be to the left
(observer's point of view) in time of peace, and the red
field to the left (observer's point of view) in time of war.
3. The National flag shall be displayed in all public buildings, official residences, public plazas,
and institutions of everyday learning throughout the year.

4. It shall be permanently hoisted, day and night, throughout the year, in front of the following:

a. Malacañang Palace;
b. Congress of the Philippines building;
c. Supreme Court building;
d. Rizal Monument in Luneta;
e. Bonifacio Monument in Caloocan City;
f. Emilio Aguinaldo Shrine in Kawit;
g. Barasoain Church Historical Landmark in Malolos City;
h. Marcela Agoncillo Historical Landmarkl in Taal;
i. Tomb of the Unknown Soldier;
j. Libingan ng mga Bayani in Makati City;
k. Mausoleo de los Veteranos de la Revolucion in N.Cemetery;
l. and all International Ports of entry.
*The National Flag of these sites shall be properly illuminated at night.
5. If planted on the ground, the flagpole shall be at a prominent place and shall be of such height
as would give the National Flag commanding position in relation to the buildings in the vicinity.
The flagpole must not be of equal height or higher than the Independence Flagpole at the Rizal
Park, Manila (107ft).

6. When the National Flag is flown with flag or flags of other countries, the flags must be of equal
size and on separate staffs of the same height. The National Flag shall be hoisted first and
lowered last.
7. When displayed in a row of house flags, the National Flag shall be in front of the center of the
line or on the left (observer's point of view) of the row. The house flags should be arranged in
alphabetical order, by precedence or by protocol order from left to right (the observer's point of
view).

8. When displayed in a row or in a parade with flags of other countries, the National Flag shall be
on the left (observer's point of view) of the other flags. The flags of other countries should be
arranged in alphabetical order from left to right.

9. When displayed in a semi-circle of flags with other countries or house flags, the National Flag
should be at the center.
10. When displayed in a circle of flags with other countries or house flags, the National Flag should
be flown on the flagpole facing the main road (point of reference-Kilometer 0, Rizal Park,
Manila); or in front of a monument; or the main entrance of the building.

11. If the National Flag is displayed indoors on a flagpole, it shall be placed at the left of the
observer as one enters the room or flat against the wall;

12. From the top of a flagpole, which shall be at a prominent place or a commanding position in
relation to the surrounding buildings.

13. In a suspended position from a rope extending from a building to a pole erected away from the
building;
14. Flat against the wall vertically with the sun and stars on top;
15. Hanging vertically in the middle of a two-way traffic road, the blue field should be pointing east,
if the road is heading south or north and if the road is heading east or west the blue field
should be pointing north; and

16. Hanging vertically at the sides or middle of the one-way traffic road, the blue field should be at
the left of the observer.
17. The National Flag shall be flown at half-mast as a sign of mourning on all the buildings and
places where it is displayed, as provided, on the day of the official announcement of the death
of any of the following officials:

a. The President or a former President, for ten (10) days;

b. The Vice-President, the Chief Justice of the Supreme Court, the President of the Senate
and the Speaker of the House of Representatives, for seven (7) days;
c. Cabinet Secretaries, Associate Justices of the Supreme Court, Members of the Senate and
House of Representatives, the Chief of Staff of the Armed Forces of the Philippines and the
Director-General of the Philippine National Police, or equivalent in rank, for five (5) days;
d. Heads of National Government Agencies, including Government Owned and Controlled
Corporations and Government Financial Institutions, or equivalent in rank, for three (3)
days;
e. The Commanding Generals of the Philippine Air Force and the Philippine Army and the
Flag Officer in Command of the Philippine Navy, or equivalent in rank, for three (3) days;
f. Governors, Vice-Governors, city and municipal Mayors, city and municipal Vice-Mayors, for
three (3) days;
g. Members of the Sangguniang Panlalawigan, Sangguniang Panglungsod and Sangguniang
Bayan, on the day of interment;
h. Veterans of the previous wars, Barangay Chairmen and the Barangay Councilmen, on the
dayof interment;
i. Former National or Local Government Officials, appointed or elected, other than those
specified above, on the day of interment, within their former respective territorial
jurisdictions and by resolution oftheir respective Sanggunians;
j. Regional Directors, Superintendents, Supervisors, Principals, Teachers and other school
officials, on the day of interment and by order of the proper school authorities concerned;
k. Recipients of medals, national orders and decorations, on theday of interment and by order
of the President or the Congress; and,
l. Other persons to be determined by the Institute, for a period of less than seven (7) days.

18. The National Flag, when flown at half-mast, shall be first hoisted to the peak for a moment then
lowered to the half-mast position. The National Flag shall again be raised to the peak before it
is lowered for the day.
19. The National Flag shall also be flown at half-mast during the death anniversary of heroes and
heroines, calamities or grave adversity of national or international solemnity as ordered by the
Office of the President, as may be recommended by the Institute.

20. The National Flag shall be permanently hoisted at half-mast day and night throughout the year
and in all memorial cemeteries dedicated to war veterans. The National Flag of these declared
sites shall be properly illuminated at night.
 21. Mausoleo de los Veteranos de la Revolucion, North Cemetery, Manila
22. Tomb of the Unknown Soldier, Libingan ng mga Bayani, Fort Bonifacio, Taguig, Metro
Manila
23. The National Flag may be used to cover the caskets of the honored dead of the military;
veterans of previous wars; national artists; and of civilians who have rendered distinguished
service to the nation, as may be determined by the local government unit concerned.

Reverence of the Philippine Flag

The flag shall be displayed in private buildings and residences or raised in the open flag-staffs
in front of said buildings every April 9 (Araw ng Kagitingan) ; May 1 (Labor Day); May 28 (National
Flag Day) to June 12 (Independence Day); last Sunday of August (National Heroes Day); Novenber
30 (Bonifacio Day); and December 30 (Risal Day).

All government offices and educational institution shall henceforth observe the flag-raising
ceremony every Monday morning and the flag lowering every Friday afternoon. The ceremony shall
be simple and dignified and shall include the playing or singing of the Philippine National Anthem.

Prohibited Acts on the Philippine Flag

1. To mutilate, deface, defile, trample on or cast contempt or commit any act or omission
casting dishonour or ridicule upon the flag or over its surface.

2. To dip the flag to any person or object by way of compliment or salute;

3. To use the flag:

a. As a drapery, festoon, tablecloth;
b. As covering for ceilings, walls, statues, or other objects;
c. As pennant in the hood, side, back and top of motor vehicles;
d. As a staff or whip;
e. For unveiling monuments or statues; and
f. As trademarks, or for industrial, commercial or agricultural labels or designs.

To display the Flag:

1. Under any painting or picture

2. Horizontally face-up. It shall be hoisted aloft and be allowed to fall freely;
3. Below any platform;
 4. In discotheques, cockpits, night and day clubs, casinos, gambling joints, and
places of vice or where frivolity prevails.

g. To wear the flag in whole or in part as a costume or uniform.

h. To add any word, figure, mark, picture, design, drawings, advertisement, or imprint
of any nature on the flag;
i. To print, paint or attach representation of the flag on handkerchiefs, napkins,
cushions, and other articles of merchandise;
j. To display in public any foreign flag, except in embassies and other diplomatic
establishments and in offices of international organizations;
k. To use, display or be part of any advertisement or infomercial; and
l. To display the flag in front of buildings or offices occupied by aliens.

The National Anthem

1. The National Anthem of the Philippines is entitled Lupang Hinirang.

2. It shall always be sung in the national language within or without the country.
3. The rendition of the National Anthem, where played or sung, shall be in accordance with the
musical arrangement and composition of Julian Felipe.
4. When the National Anthem is played at a public gathering, whether by a band or by singing or
both, or reproduced by any means, the attending public shall sing the anthem.
5. As a sign of respect, all persons shall stand at attention and face the Philippine Flag, if there is
one displayed, and if there is none, they shall face the band or the conductor. At the first note,
all persons shall execute a salute by placing their right palms over their left chest.

Lupang Hinirang
Arranged and Composed by: Julian Felipe

Bayang magiliw
Perlas ng silanganan
Alab ng puso
Sa dibdib mo’y buhay

Lupang hinirang
Duyan ka ng magiting
Sa manlulupig
Di ka pasisiil

Sa dagat at bundok, sa simoy

At sa langit mong bughaw
May dilag ang tula
At sa awit sa paglayang minamahal.

Ang kislap ng watawat mo’y tagumpay na nagniningning;

Ang bituin at araw nya, kailan pa may di magdidilim.

Lupa ng araw, ng luwalhati’t pagsinta,

Buhay ay langit sa piling mo;
Aming ligaya na pag
May mang-aapi,
Ang mamatay ng dahil sa iyo.
 https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=rVw6NYGv2-k

The National Motto

The National Motto shall be “ MAKA-DIYOS, MAKA-TAO, MAKAKALIKASAN AT

MAKABANSA”

The National Coat-of-Arms

The eight-rayed sun of the Philippines, each ray representing the

eight provinces (Batangas, Bulacan, Cavite, Manila, Laguna, Nueva Ecija,
Pampanga and Tarlac) placed under martial law by Governor-General
Ramon Blanco during the Philippine Revolution.

The three five-pointed stars representing the three primary

geographic regions of Luzon, Visayas and Mindanao.

In the blue field on the left ids the Eagle of the United States; in the
red field on the right is the Lion-Rampant of Spain.

The official description of the blazon:

Paleways of two (2) pieces, azure and gules; a chief argent studded with three (3) mullets
equidistant from each other; and, in point of honor, ovoid argent over all the sun rayonnant with eight
minor and lesser rays. Beneath shall be the scroll with the words “REPUBLIKA NG PILIPINAS”
inscribed thereon.